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Petrological insights into thermal maturity, source rocks, migration, diagenesis
L.D. Stasiuk and N.S.F Wilson
Natural Resources Canada
Geological Survey of Canada
Thermal maturity – 2002-03 progress
• Reassess Vitrinite %Ro from Evenchick et al, 2002 (~ 160
samples).• New Vitrinite % Ro and Tmax
from Rock Eval for about ~ 200 samples.
R2 = 0.7838
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
New Vitrinite %Ro measurements
Old
vitr
inite
%Ro
mes
urem
ents
Reassess Vitrinite %Ro from Evenchick et al, 2002
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
%RoR vitrinite
Tmax
(oC
)
BowserBasin - olddataType III
New data
Petrology of Organic Matter and Rock Eval Petrology of Organic Matter and Rock Eval Evaluation of Potential Source RocksEvaluation of Potential Source Rocks
Osadetz et al. have defined ‘Effective Petroleum Systems’ in Bowser Basin related to petroleum stains / shows proposed to
come from:
1. a Paleozoic carbonate marine source rock deposited in a mesohaline to hypersaline setting (for stains in Muskaboo Creek Assemblage at Tsatia Mountain);
2. Mesozoic lacustrine – non-marine source rocks (for stains in Triangle zone)
3. Mesozoic normal marine source rock in Richie Well stains (e.g. 6745’) and in stains near Bucking Horse & Spatsizi River intersect.
Black shales (44/89, 872-875/92 series) :
Bowser Basin: 1.34 - 2.54, 8.4 % TOC just North of Kitchener Lake.
Sustut Basin 4.7 % TOC, near Stikine River-Cullivan Creek crossing for source rocks in the mid-late oil window (0.90 to 1.2 %Ro vitrinite).
Coaly partings: 60-70 % TOC
Aptian to Albian to Campanian Tango Creek Formation: non-marine potential hydrocarbon source
rocks in triangle zone
Rock Eval pyrolysis for Tango Creek, Triangle Zone and Sustut Basin (for Rocks with vitrinite %Ro > 1.0 – 1.5 and
Tmax > 450 C – i.e. late oil window to condensate - dry gas
0
200
400
600
800
0 25 50 75 100
(OI (mg CO2/g TOC)
Type I
Type II
Type III
0
200
400
600
800
0 25 50 75 100
(OI (mg CO2/g TOC)
Type I
Type II
Type III
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
%To
tal O
rgan
ic C
arbo
n C-439420 C-439421 C-439422C-439423 C-439424 C-439425C-439426 C-439427 C-439428
Rock Eval pyrolysis for Tango Creek ?? for coals and black shales with vitrinite %Ro > 1.2-2.5 and Tmax > 480-560 C –
i.e. condensate - dry gas
Tango Creek shales – 8 % Total Organic Carbon
Terrestrial – cuticular organic matter in coals and shales Terrestrial – cuticular organic matter in coals and shales Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous deltaic deposits, Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous deltaic deposits,
Bowser and Sustut basins Bowser and Sustut basins
Terrestrial – cuticular organic matter in coals and shales Terrestrial – cuticular organic matter in coals and shales Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous deltaic deposits, Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous deltaic deposits,
Bowser and Sustut basins Bowser and Sustut basins
Vitrinite %Ro = 0.87
Aptian to Albian to Campanian Tango Creek Formation; Aptian to Albian to Campanian Tango Creek Formation; Non-marine potential hydrocarbon source rocks – coals ? Non-marine potential hydrocarbon source rocks – coals ?
Aptian to Albian to Campanian Tango Creek Formation; Aptian to Albian to Campanian Tango Creek Formation; Non-marine potential hydrocarbon source rocks – coals ? Non-marine potential hydrocarbon source rocks – coals ?
875/92
EP-95-001b EP-95-004a EP-95-017a EP-95-023 b EP-95-025a EP-95-034a EP-95-044b EP-95-051c EP-95-055c EP-95-056a EP-95-061c EP-95-065a EP-95-067c EP-95-071c EP-95-074a EP-95-085a EP-95-107c EP-95-135b
EP-95-146b EP-95-187
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0
10.011.012.013.014.015.0
% T
otal
Org
anic
car
bon
Rock Eval pyrolysis for Skelhorne assemblage for coals and black shales with vitrinite %Ro of 2.6- 5.0 and Tmax > 600 oC
– i.e. dry dry gas to sub-green schist
0
200
400
600
800
0 25 50 75 100
(OI (mg CO2/g TOC)
Type I
Type II
Type III
Recycled lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Eagles Nest
Assemblage (reworked from Muskaboo Creek ??)
Recycled lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Eagles Nest Assemblage (reworked from Muskaboo
Creek ??) Vitrinite %Ro 0.80-0.90.
Fluorescent light White light
Fluorescent light
Recycled lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Eagles Nest Assemblage showing Pediastrum like
morphology (freshwater, e.g. lacustrine algae)
Modern
0
200
400
600
800
0 25 50 75 100
(OI (mg CO2/g TOC)
Type I
Type II
Type III
•Some Pediastrum species also is characteristic of the littoral zone of oligotrophic waters
Crude oil generation from recycled lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Eagles Nest Assemblage and
migration of higher API oils in microfractures
High maturity recycled possible lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Tango Creek, Eagles Nest and
Todagin assemblage; Gas Zone, 1.0 to 1.4 %Ro
Evenchick et al., 2002
Recycled lacustrine Type I kerogen source rock clasts in Eagles Nest Assemblage (reworked from Muskaboo
Creek ??)
•Some Pediastrum species also characteristic of the littoral zone of oligotrophic waters