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Pg 1 of 44AGI www.agiuc.com
Space Systems
Bob Hall & John Carrico
Pg 2 of 44AGI www.agiuc.com
Agenda
• Background
• Examples
• How AGI technology is applied to space
• When AGI technology is applied to space
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Background
• STK, ODTK, NTK: “Tool Kit”– Many small tools that used together can model large
complex systems
• Models of how things move
• Models of moving payloads on moving things– Sensors– Antennas
• Models of how these moving things interact
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Background…
• Space Applications– Defense
• Air Force and other DoD• UK MOD• French Air Force
– Civil• NASA• ESA• CNES • DLR• JAXA• NSPO
– Commercial and Contractors• Digital Globe, Space Imaging, OrbImage, Sirius, XM• Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Orbital Sciences • Qinetiq, SSTL • EADS Astrium• RSC Energia
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Examples
• 1 spacecraft
• 2 spacecraft
• Many spacecraft
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Imaging satellite
• When can I take a picture of a target?– Constraints– Lighting– Terrain
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Communications
• When can I communicate with my satellite?– Constraints
– Signal-to-noise; Bit error rate
– Terrain
– Interference and jamming
Jammed Beam
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Attitude
• Model attitude control laws– Sensors– Actuators
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Solar power
• Calculate power based on solar array geometry relative to Sun
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Sensor obscuration
• Parts of spacecraft block sensor field-of-view
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Ground-track control
• Repeating-ground-track Sun-synchronous frozen- orbit
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Transfer to geostationary• Normal transfer
– Sensor constraints– Where to put sensors
• Sun sensor– Maneuvers– Launch window
• Delta-V vs Sun angle
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Transfer to geostationary…
• AsiaSat3 rescue
• Low-thrust
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Geostationary
• Orbit
• Communications– Multi-beam and shaped patterns
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Lunar transfer
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Lunar landing• Landing site selection
– Communications– Lighting– Terrain
• Soft landing
• Closed loop control
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Libration point
• Sun-Earth/Moon
• Gravity assist
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Libration point…• Earth-Moon
– Communications relay
– Station/depot– Transfer
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Libration point…
• Any set of bodies
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Interplanetary
• Communications, coverage, attitude, orbits, maneuvers work around other planets
• Aerobraking
• Make your own asteroids
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Multiple hop communications
• Chains
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ODTK
• Tracking spacecraft and calculating the orbit
• Operations– Automation– Notification
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Error Analysis
– Tracking schedule to meet requirements
• With STK
– What types of tracking do I need
• Is it worth it to add additional hardware?
– What if we miss a pass?
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ODTK…
• Maneuver detection
• Maneuver and OD
• Maneuver calibration
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Rendezvous• Rendezvous: often used to describe getting a spacecraft from one orbit to a control
box near but offset from another– Rendezvous from 6678 km sma orbit to 6838 km sma orbit– 4 maneuvers used to execute 2 Hohmann transfers
• Proximity Operations: Begins after rendezvous– Very near another spacecraft (e.g., < 1 km)
• Docking: Controlling spacecraft to touch at desired velocity
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Docking
• Closed loop control
• Fuzzy logic controller used for multiple constraints
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Proximity Operations
• Moving one spacecraft around and close to another
• Multiple way-points and collection stay-times
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Formation flying• Formation design
• Communications
• Science and sensor collection
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Constellations
• Coordinated mission– Sensors
– Communications
• Constellation design
• Relative station keeping
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Space and other objects• Interaction with missiles, ground,
sea, and air
• Same capabilities work communications, navigation, sensor collection
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Close approach
• Conjunction analysis
• Launch windows
• Laser clearinghouse
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Coverage• Single object
• Area– Constraints– Interference– Terrain
• Attitude
• Works on the Moon and Mars
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GPS
• NTK
• Ground
• Aircraft
• Spacecraft
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Scheduling
Tasks
Resources
Timeslots
ScheduledActivity
ResourceAvailability
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STK/Analyzer
• Parametric analysis
• Monte Carlo
• Runs STK for you
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How technology is applied
• Desktop
• Automated desktop– Matlab,– Excel
• Real-time situational awareness
• Server on a network
• Embedded system
Pg 37 of 44AGI www.agiuc.com
Desktop
• Interactive
• From quick trade-off studies to high-fidelity analysis
• Reports and graphs
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Automated desktop
• Use, Matlab, Excel, or other programs to run software for you
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Real-time situational awareness
• Telemetry monitoring
• Other feeds– Flight Control
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Live server on a network• LAN
• HTML
• Web Services
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Data served on a network
• Pre-computed data
• Ground tracks
• Sensor footprints
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Embedded system
• STKx
• 4DX
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When technology is applied
• Proposals
• Early analysis
• System design
• Pre-launch analysis
• Operations
• Payload support
• Contingency operations
• Post-mission
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Summary
• Many tools used in different ways applied to many situations
• Many examples of AGI Technology applied to space – more to come
• Designed for complete life-cycle