PROGRAM GENERATED ARCHITECTURE

•Architectural design which are generated using computer programs following certain algorithms.•Architecture generated by computer programs definitely seems a futuristic way to deal with architectural design. It is entirely probable that the design studios of the future would comprise of computer programs that accomplish most of the logical, calculative and repetitive tasks replacing the manpower. The architect only have to intervene when a subjective decision is to be made which can be conceived only by the human mind, such as aesthetics.

INTRODUCTION:

•These ideas finally lead us to Program Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by the Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe. Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in a variety of ways including programs to place building blocks based on sunlight exposure, program to plan the streets in a city, program to create towns according to the relationships between different necessities, program which does structural optimization etc.

•Makoto Sei Watanabe used the Program of Flow to design the facade of Kashiwanoha-Campus station. The design process involved two parts- the human part and the program part. The human part feeds a graded design input into the program which the program then analyses and produces an output which it believes to be a better design. The designer grades the output and feeds it back. This process is iterated till the desired “best design” is produced.

•This also leads us to the concept of genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm basically represents the algorithm in which a living organism propagates.• The steps in genetic algorithm are similar to steps in biological evolution such as natural selection, cross breeding, survival of the fittest etc. In the beginning, the design produced is a primitive one.•After each iteration, the program develops an artificial intelligence and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one.•A new generation of design is developed after each iteration which consists of the best qualities of the previous generation. In this way the design evolves, like a living organism.

• The process of generative formation requires four elements: the start conditions and parameters (input), a generative mechanism (rules, algorithms etc.), the act of generation of the variants (output), and the selection of the best variant.

• The design artifact does not materialize until the fourth step, therefore a generative system is considered as a production system rather a representational construct.

• Moreover, “The generative role of new digital techniques is accomplished through the designer’s simultaneous interpretation and manipulation of a computational construct… The capacity of digital, computational architectures to generate “new” designs is, therefore, highly dependent on the designer’s perceptual and cognitive abilities, as continuous, dynamic processes around the emergent form” (Kolarevic, 2003).

• Generative programming is a style of computer programming that uses automated source code creation through generic frames, classes, prototypes, templates, aspects, and code generators to improve programmer productivity.

• It is often related to code-reuse topics such as component-based software engineering and product family engineering.

• In the field of architecture such editors are tightly integrated with modeling tools that require no knowledge of programming or scripting, but still allow designers to build form generators from the simple to the awe-inspiring.

• Generally speaking, two basic principles may be singled out when it comes to this type of design process.

• The first principle is associated modeling, i.e. the synthetic building of a structure based on the hierarchical functioning of objects and their interdependencies.

• The second is the generative principle, where one solution is selected out of many 3- D spatial configurations offered representing the optimal configuration. The selection criterion for the optimal configuration may be technical or aesthetic.

• It is precisely these two basic principles of conceptual design that may be described by means of mathematical models and are contained in associated and generative modeling.

PRINCIPLES

• Generative algorithms in architectural design Modeling which uses associated and generative modeling is called generative algorithm modeling.

• This process has the term algorithm in its name because objects are generated using algorithms in this type of design and their output for the further stages of design is also generated by means of algorithms.

• When it comes to architectural design, Grasshopper is one of the most commonly used generative design editors.

• This editor is connected to Rhino 3-D objects and offers a range of mathematical tools for generative modeling such as operators, conditional statements, functions and trigonometric curves.

• There are operators from the branch of analytic geometry for vectors, points and planes. The list and data management is a very important segment as it allows extensive database manipulation.

GENERATIVE ALGORITHM MODELING

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