308 Industrial Park RoadStarkville, MS 39759 USA Ph:(662) 323-9538 FAX: (662) 323-6551

M o d e l A V - 1 4 A V QFour Bands Vertical Antenna

10, 15, 20, 40 Meter

INSTRUCTION MANUALGeneral Description Theory of OperationThe Hy-Gain 14AVQ/WB-S is an omnidirec-tional, self-supporting, vertical radiator thatoperates in the 10, 15, 20, and 40 meteramateur bands. The system will work againstearth ground or a resonant radial system whenmounted above ground. You can make yourown radial system following the manual, oruse the Hy-Gain 14RMQ Radial System Kitavailable at your Hy-Gain dealer.

The antenna can be used for either Phone orCW with either a ground or roof mount. It canalso be tuned to mid-band for use with eitherPhone or CW. In either case, the SWR bandwidths of the antenna are broad enough thatthe antenna will operate at an SWR of 2:1 orless from 10 to 40 meters. The 14AVQ/WB-Sis supplied with stainless steel hardware andelement clamps for all electrical and mostmechanical connections.

The use of heavy duty "Hy-Q Traps" providesautomatic band selection. The Hy-Q Trapsare parallel resonant circuits which isolatethe various sections of the antenna and givequarter wavelength resonance on all bands.The top hat enhances the broad-bandcharacteristics of the antenna and permits theantenna to be shortened by top loading it.

WARNING

When installing your system, take'extreme' care t o avoid any accidentalcontact with'' power l i n e s or overheadobstructions. F a i l u r e to exercise thiscare could result in serious or fatali n j u r y .

FOR OUR OVERSEAS CUSTOMERS: TheUnited States used English units of measure-ments. Please see page 12 of this manual forassistance in identifying the hardware andcomponents supplied with this product.

NOTE: If the terminals of the input connectorare checked with an ohmmeter, they will showa direct short. This is normal! The matchingcoil in the antenna base puts the entire systemat DC ground, but present a perfect 50 ohmimpedance to rf energy

Choosing a SiteThe 14AVG/WB-s can be mounted on theground, on a rooftop or on a mast. Whenmounting the antenna more than three feetabove ground, a resonant radial system mustbe used, such as Hy-Gain's 14RMQ RadialSystem Kit. If the antenna is roof mountedand the roof space is too small for a radialsystem, you can droop the radials over theedge of the roof at almost any angle withoutseriously changing the performance of theantenna. The radial system must be insulatedfrom the roof and connected to a good groundfor lightning protection. See Figure 5.

Basically, the function of radials is to providea low-loss return path for ground currents.The reason that short radials are sufficient.when few are used, is that at the perimeter ofthe circle to which the ground system extends,the radials are sufficiently spread apart. Mostof the return currents are already in theground between the radials rather then in theradials themselves. As more radials are added,the spaces between them are reduced andlonger lengths help to provide a path forcurrents still farther out.Since the 14AVQ/WB-S is a multi-band,vertical antenna, the radial system should beoptimized on the lowest frequency you planto use. Higher frequencies will benefitequally from the ground system, while lowerfrequencies will not show as muchimprovement.To determine the optimum radial installationfor your 14AVQ/WB-S, you must first decidewhat is the limiting factor for yourinstallation.

For best performance, the 14AVQ/VVB-Sshould be ground-mounted clear of buildingand other structures. When the antenna isground-mounted, a radial system issometimes not needed. In most areas, wheresoil surface conductivity is poor and a goodground plane is not possible, lay out groundradials to improve the efficiency of yourantenna.

1. Cost of radial wires

2. Land available for radials

3. Efficiency of your antenna

Table 1 shows some various ground systemconfigurations. System A is the least costlyand the least efficient. System F is the mostexpensive, takes the most land and is the mostefficient.

Installation of RadialsThere is no need to make radials exactly 1/4wavelength long for the 14AVQ/WB-S. Infact, the only case where you should have 1/4wavelength radials would be forapproximately 90 radials. This differs ratherdramatically from the case of the Ground-Plane antenna where resonant radials areinstalled above ground. Since the radials of aground-mounted vertical are actually on, ifnot in, the ground, they are coupled bycapacitance or conduction to the ground, thusresonance effects are not important.

Table 1 Optimum Ground SystemConfigurations

Phase Verticals for Assembly and InstallationTwo or more 14AVQ/WB-S antennas may bephased together to produce gain or directivityover one antenna. Refer to the EngineeringReport entitled "Amateur Phasing" includedwith this product.

Before you begin, read the instructions andstudy the illustrations. Compare the partsagainst the Parts List.

Decide where to mount your antenna (rooftopor ground) and what mode of transmission youwill use (Phone, CW or Mid-Band). Take spe-cial notice of the dimensions in Figure 1. TheSWR charts will help you decide whichdimensions to choose. See Figure 7.

Figure 1 Antenna AssemblyDimensions

TubingSelect the proper size tube clamps as shown inthe chart. When installing the clamps, placethe clamp near the tube end with the top of theclamp over the slot in the tube as shown inFigure 2.

After adjustment of the tubing lengths, tightenthe clamp with a 5/16 inch nut driver, socket,or open end wrench until the tubing will nottwist or telescope. DO NOT over-tighten!

Figure 2 TubingClamps

CAUTION

All of the antenna dimensions must be seton the mode chosen - all CW, all mid-band or all phone. Mixing dimensions inan attempt to improve another mode oncertain bands will only degradeperformance on all bands.

Refer to Figure 1 in assembling the main por-tion of the antenna.

M1 and M2 Section

15-Meter Trap and M3Section AssemblyPlace two, untightened #10 tubing clamps(Item No. 17) over the 1" x 8" long M3 section(Item No. 8). Slide the M3 section part wayover the upper end of the 10-meter trap, thenslide the lower end of the 15-meter trap (ItemNo. 14) into the M3 section. Set dimension"C", as shown in Figure 1, and locate the M3so that it is equally spaced between the twotraps.Tighten the clamps around the ends of the M3just enough to keep parts from slipping. Theywill be fully tightened later.Put a #16 tubing clamp (Item No. 18), un-

tightened, over the M1 section (Item No.4)(the base is attached to it already). Slip the 11/8" x 52" M2 section (Item No. 7) into thetop of the M1 and set the M2 at dimension 'A',as shown in Figure 1. Slide the clamp intoplace around the top of the M1 and tighten itjust enough to keep the M2 from skipping. Itwill be fully tightened later.

20-Meter Trap and M4Section AssemblyAssemble these two parts like you did the M3and the 15-meter trap. Use two more #10tubing clamps, the 1" x 6 1/2" long M4 section(Item No. 9) and the 20-meter trap (Item No.15).

10-Meter TrapPut an untightened #10 Tubing clamp (ItemNo. 17) over the M2 section, then slip the 10meter trap (Item No. 11), bottom first, into theM2 section. (There is a plastic cover on thetop of all three parts.) Set the trap atdimension "C", as shown in Figure 1. Slip theclamp into place around the top of the M2section and tighten it just enough to keep thetrap from slipping. It will be fully tightenedlater.

NOTE: There is a threaded metal insert in oneend of the M5 section which will accept the#10-24 x 1" bolt (Item No. 20), which willhold the top hat in place. The end with theinsert must be at the top.

M5 SectionPut a #6 tubing clamp (Item No. 16), un-tightened, over the swaged end of the 20-meter trap. Slip the 7/16" x 56" long M5section (Item No. 10) into the swaged end ofthe trap and set dimension "E", as shown inFigure 1. Slide the clamp in place around thetop of the swaged end of the trap tube andtighten it just enough to keep the M5 fromslipping. It will be fully tightened later.

Top HatRefer to Figure 3, Radial Top Hat Assembly,in assembling the Top Hat

Push a 1/8" caplug (Item No. 19) on the end ofeach top radial (Item No. 1). Installing the Antenna

Figure 3 Radial Top HatAssembly

AO-385S-A-007 Refer to the mounting details in Figure 4 and5 to install the completed antenna.

AO-3855-A-006

Use the following pieces of hardware to attachthe three radial wires on the M5 section.Tighten securely.

Bolt, hex #10-24 x 1" (Item No. 20) ...........1Flatwashers, #10 (Item No. 22) ..................4Lockwasher, internal, #10 (Item No. 21) ..1

Figure 4 MountingAssembly

First mount the completed antenna on yourmast (not supplied) as shown in Figure 4. Usethe two U-bolts, 5/16" nuts and 5/16" lock-washers (Items Nos. 29,31 and 30).

Recheck all dimensions. Tighten all of thecompression clamps securely in place.

Use three (3) 1/4"-20 x 3/4" bolts, nuts andlockwashers (Item Nos 24, 27 & 26) to attachthe insulator to the upper end of the mountingbracket.

If you are roof mounting your antenna, usefour (4) sets of 1/4"-20 hardware for thepreceding step. Before tightening them, attachtwo adjacent radials to each set of hardwareas shown in Figures 3 and 5. If desired, youmay use the four, 33 foot (10.058 m) radialsystem shown.NOTE: If your antenna is mounted more thanthree feet (91.4 cm) above ground, a resonantsystem must be added for proper operation.The radial system can serve to guy the systemif insulators are used at the proper lengthsshown.

This system must be grounded for lightningprotection. Connect a ground wire to one U-bolt on the antenna base and run it to aburied, 8 foot (250 cm) ground rod by theshortest route.

If you are ground mounting your antenna, in-stall it as shown in Figure 4. You must installan 8 foot (250 cm) ground rod as shown.

CAUTION

Keep the radials out of reach of childrenor pets. They are HOT with RFproportional to the power of the antenna.

NOTE: RADIAL DIMENSIONSMEASURED FROM BASE TOINSULATOR.

PREFERREDSYSTEM

Item No. Description

24 Bolt, hex head, 1/3"-20 x 3/4"

26 Lockwasher, internal, 1/4"

27 Nut, hex, 1/4"-20

ALTERNATE SYSTEMALL RADIALS 33' (10.058 m)FROM BOLT TO INSULATOR

Figure 5GuyingDetails

Figure 6 Completed Installation of14AVQ/WB-S

Hooking Up The Antenna

Connect your coax (RG-213/U) to the SO-239 connector at the bottom of the mountingbracket. (Coax not supplied.)

Weather seal the coax connection with Coax-Seal© or an equivalent to prevent moisturefrom shorting out the connection.

Final Adjustment (Optional Fine Tuning OfYour Installation)

2. Because every antenna installation isinfluenced by the soil conditions and theproximity effect of nearby objects, thedimensions in the manual must be finetuned to put the antenna VSWR exactlywhere you want it on each band.

3. Beginning on 10 meters, make a VSWRcurve checking the low end, center andhigh end of the band. This will indicate ifthe antenna favors the low end or thehigh end as installed.

1. The antenna operates progressively from10 thru 40 meters. Even though you maynot be using 10 meters at the present time,10 meters must be adjusted, because anyadjustment made between the base and thefirst trap automatically changes all of thebands.

a. If it favors the low end, shorten the 10-meter adjustment one inch or no morethan 1 1/2 inches. Run another VSWRmeasurement. Now you will have anindication of how far that distancemoved the antenna in your location.Make what additional adjustments areindicated by the VSWR curve to put 10meters exactly on the portion of theband you desire as your centeroperating frequency.

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b. If the antenna favors the high end,lengthen the dimension correspondinglyto move the antenna to a lowerfrequency as outlined above.

4. Next, repeat this same procedure for 15meters to put that band on frequency.

5. The same procedure is then used to set upthe 20-meter band, as well as theremaining bands available, dependingupon the model involved.

6. Most verticals are monopole antennas orhalf of a dipole. For this reason, the soilconditions, when the antenna is groundmounted, are important as it makes up theother half of the antenna. When you roofmount the antenna, radials must be used asoutlined in the assembly instructions, toprovide the other half of the antenna.

Lightning ProtectionFor maximum lightning protection, werecommend the use of a Hy-Gain LA-1Lightning Arrestor, available from your Hy-

Your antenna is now ready to use.

PARTS LIST

ItemNo.1

Part No.173499

Description QtyRadial Top Hat .............................................................................3

2 871049 Base Assembly, 14AVQ ................................................................13 (not used)4 190900 Tube, M1, 11/4" x 48", slotted ........................................................15 463056 Insulator, upper ...............................................................................16 523057 Screw, hex head, #10-24 x 1"..........................................................17 190303 Tube, M2, 11/811 x 52" ..................................................................18 190603 Tube, M3, 1" x 8"...........................................................................19 190605 Tube, M4, 1" x 6 1/2" ....................................................................1

10 877157 Tube, M5, 7/16" x 56" ...................................................................111 877132 Trap, 10 Meter ................................................................................112 464723 Trap Cap, 7/8" x 15/8"......................................................................113 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................414 877131 Trap, 15 Meter ...............................................................................112 464723 Trap Cap, 7/8" x 15/8"....................................................................113 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................415 877129 Trap, 20 Meter ...............................................................................112 464723 Trap Cap, 7/811 x 15/8"..................................................................113 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................4

872013 Parts Pack, 385S, Stainless Steel ...................................................116 358756 Clamp, Tubing No. 6......................................................................117 358757 Clamp, Tubing No. 10....................................................................518 358758 Clamp, Tubing No.16......................................................................119 455624 Caplug, 1/8" diameter ....................................................................320 504069 Bolt, hex head, # 10-24 x 1" ..........................................................121 565697 Lockwasher, internal, #10..............................................................322 561165 Flatwasher, #10 .............................................................................423 555693 Nut, square, #10-24 .......................................................................124 505266 Bolt, hex head, 1/4"-20 x 3/4"........................................................425 (Not Used)26 562961 Lockwasher, internal, 1/4"...............................................................527 554099 Nut, hex, 1/4"-20 ...........................................................................428 (Not Used)29 543792 U-bolt, 5/16" x 15/8" x 21/4"...........................................................230 564792 Lockwasher, split 5/16"...................................................................431 555747 Nut, hex, 5/16"-18 .........................................................................4

Converting English Measurement toMetric

Use this scale to identify lengths of bolts,diameters of tubes, etc.. The English inch (")and foot (') can be converted to centimeters inthis way.

1 inch (1") = 2.54 cm1 foot (1) = 30.48 cm

Example:

The following Hy-Gain verticals are welladapted for the phasing arrangementsshown in this reports

MODEL 18HT-S HY-TOWERThe 18HT-S is a multi-band vertical antennawith automatic band selection of 10-80 metersby means of a unique stub decoupling system.The Hy-Tower with a base loading coiloperates efficiently on 160 meters. The systemis foolproof, fed directly with a single 50 ohmcoax. No guys are required for the 24 feet high,self-supporting tower. The top mast extendsthe height to 50 feet. Two units make an idealphased array.

MODEL 18AVT/WB-S

The 18AVT/WB-S is a multi-band trap verticalfor 10 through 80 meters. It is completely fac-tory pre-tuned and exhibits an extremely lowangle DX radiation pattern. It is easy to as-semble, light weight which one man can install.A single 50 ohm coaxial feedline is required.Two or three 18AVT/WB-S's make anexcellent phased array.

ADDENDUM AMATEURPHASING

ENGINEERING REPORT

PHASED MULTI-BANDVERTICALS for ADDITIONAL GAIN andLOW ANGLE RADIATION

INTRODUCTION

MODEL 14AVQ/WB-SThe 14AVQ/WB-S is a self supporting multi-band trap vertical for 10 through 40 metersand is completely factory pre-tuned. It is theworld's most popular ham antenna with anoverall height of 19 feet. The antenna isthoroughly weatherproofed and has a lowangle DX radiation pattern. It may be groundmounted or installed on "Roof Top" with aradial system.

MODEL 12AVQThe 12AVQ is a self supporting 13 1/2 footmulti-band trap vertical for 10, 15 and 20meters. Completely factory pre-tuned withSWR of 2:1 or less with a low angle DX radia-tion pattern. The antenna has a new fiberglassimpregnated styron base insulator. It may beground mounted with earth acting as the"image antenna" or installed on the roof usinga radial system.

Increased activity on 80 and 40 meters hascreated a need for an antenna with power gainand directivity. Doublet and long wireantennas are no longer effective due toincreased QRM. At these low frequencies, theradiation system must be lengthy and heightabove ground is extremely important to obtainthe "low" angle of radiation needed for DX.

DESCRIPTION

Beams are excellent, but require a large sup-porting tower and "hefty" rotating system.Inverted V dipoles and slopers require a largetower and plenty of property.

The vertical "phased array", the answer for"DX" on these frequencies combine gain,directivity and low angle radiation, the threemost important DX factors in a communicationinstallation. The vertical is well known for itslow angle characteristics. When you combinetwo identical verticals, properly spaced andphased, the resultant is a concentrated low angleof energy and a power gain. These antennas canbe so arranged to give a definite effect on eitherone or two favorite bands or all band coveragewith some pattern compromise and slight lossof gain.The following data was experimentally derivedon the Telex/Hy-Gain test range. Due to themany factors that vary and influence theperformance of an antenna, such as groundingand close proximity of surrounding objects,etc., Telex/Hy-Gain cannot guarantee aninstallation to perform or exhibit the samecharacteristics as outlined in this report.However, many Amateurs are now successfullyusing these arrangements. Commercialbroadcast stations have been using a similarphasing arrangement for years.

Part 1 - SINGLE BAND

BI-DIRECTIONAL ARRAY(Four Quadrants)

THEORY' OF OPERATIONTwo identical vertical antennas can beinstalled as a phased array. When excited byRF energy, gain is achieved by control of thedirectional pattern. This direction patterncontrol results in added gain by sharpeninglobe patterns and concentrating the radiatedenergy at very low angles. Signal flutter isreduced and reception is vastly improved.

Phased arrays will reduce installation height re-quirements and still maintain low angleradiation.

Most effective spacing for a bi-directionalarray is 1/2 wave length. When two verticalsare excited in phase the radiation is broadsideto the plane of the verticals, offeringsubstantial gain and bi-directionalcharacteristics. Side nulls offer excellent signalcancellation to the undesired direction.

Y

When excited "out of phase" these same verti-cals can be made to give an "end fire" or bi-directional pattern in the opposite directionthrough the plane of the verticals. This thennulls out signals in the opposite directions.More gain is exhibited by the broadsidepattern over the "end fire" arrangement, butthe "end fire" arrangement offers a widerfrontal pattern.Both arrangements offer an excellent ad-vantage over a single vertical since eitherphasing combination exhibits noticeablesignal gain with side attenuation of undesiredsignals. This added gain and low anglevertical directivity is the advantage of thephased array.

"ENDFIRE" GAIN 23 dB

Phased verticals may be spaced either onequarter wave or one half wave dependingupon gain and directional characteristics. Thenulls of the phased array are extremely sharpand very pronounced. Typical arrangements ofphased arrays and their electricalspecifications are illustrated below.

Typical Insta720

Pattern width, half power pointsGain over single verticalSide attenuationImpedanceDirectional characteristics

SPECFICATIONSBroadside End Fire

60 degrees 80 degrees3.86 dB 2.3 dB30 dB 20 dB

50 Ohms 50 OhmsBi-Directional Bi-Directional

Figure 2llation Phased (2) 18 HT 40 Meters0 KHz Design Frequency

CARDIOID ARRAY(Uni-directional)

When two or three identical verticals are ex-cited directly and fed 90 degrees out of phasewith a spacing of 1/4 wave length, a cardioidpattern results. This pattern may be switched ineither direction. By inserting a 1/4 wave lengthdelay line the antenna will "fire" or be directiveto that particular element. .: TWO VERTICALS

Figure 3Cardioid-Unidirectional With Two Selectable Directions

The beam pattern for two 1./4 wave lengthverticals will be approximately 120 degrees.An arrangement of three switchable verticalsgives a 60 degree pattern in six selectabledirections.

Figure 4360 Cardioid Arrangement

The 1/4 and 1/2 wave transformers, identified as L3, L4 and L5 are calculated from thelowing formula:

1/4 wave 246000 x vel.f

vel. factor - reg. coax.0.66frequency (in KHz)

EXAMPLE:

1/4 wave at 7200 KHz = 246000 / 7200 = 34.1634.16x.7525.62

1/4 wave = 25.62ft.

P A R T 2 - M U L T I - B A N D O P E R A T I O N

M U L T I - B A N D I N G RADIATION PATTERN:Multi-banding is easily accomplished bychoice spacing two identical verticals. (referto charts A,B, and C and associated Figures 1through 5) Switchable 1/4 wave length and 1/2wave length phasing cables must be employedfor each band. These cables can be placed inthe station in any suitable fashion along with amanual switching arrangement or relaysystem.

Consideration must be given to the fact that 1/2wave spacing (optional) is ideal for phasing.When multi-banding with close and wide spac-ing, compromise radiation patterns must beexpected. In most cases a choice spacing serves3 bands most effectively with good directionalcharacteristics, added gain and low angle per-formance.

E L E C T R I C A L S P E C IFICATIONS:

VSWR: Exceptionally low SWR is present with a phased array. If phasing lines arecorrectly measured and the terminal impedance of each antenna is very close to 50 Ohms:Typical SWR: Broadside 1.2:1, Endfire 1.4:1, Cardioid 1.2:1.

P H A S I N G L I N E S :

Two Phased Verticals Three Phased VerticalsPattern Width, half power points 120 degrees 60 degreesGain over single vertical 4.5 dB 4.5 dBSide attenuation 20 dB 20 dBRear attenuation 30 dB 30 dBImpedance 50 Ohms 50 OhmsDirectional Characteristics Uni-directional Uni-directional

OPTIONAL SPACING SWITCHES & CONNECTORSVarious antenna spacings may be selectedfrom charts A, B, and C, for single band, duoband or multi-band arrangements. Associatedradiations patterns for a specific spacing isshown in Figures 1 through 5 for each band.

If the 3/4 wave length patterns are notdesirable, a single vertical only can be switchedin use to obtain an omnl-directional pattern.

INSTALLATIONThe vertical antenna requires a minimumamount of space. Ground mounted or elevatedarrays are easily installed.

Antenna placement and orientation is a mostimportant factor when planning maximum ef-fectiveness is desired directions. Each verticalshould be installed in the clear relatively free ofsurrounding objects in order to maintain itsdesign 50 Ohm terminal impedance.

Each antenna must be mounted at the sameheight on or above ground and be so arrangedaccording to their radiation pattern to offerdesired directivity.

The phased array is primarily designed for longrange and DX communications. In cases whereclose and medium distance contacts arehampered by the array's low angle characteris-tics and a higher angle is required, switchingarrangements can select one vertical for thiscoverage.

Low loss constant impedance type coaxialswitches and connectors should be used whensplicing phasing lines. B&W multi-position,single or multi-gang coaxial switches with Am-phenol coaxial cable and "T' connectors arerecommended.

FIELD TESTSActual field tests comparing one vertical to thephased array results in doubling the receiverssensitivity and offering up to 12 dB of signalincrease. An attenuation of up to 30 dB isnoticeable on the phased verticals with halfwave spacing. With quarter wave spacing, upto 20 dB cardioid, and 30 dB front-to-back at-tenuation can be obtained.

"End Fire" directivity offers a larger area ofradiation at slightly reduced gain as comparedto the broadside arrangement. The "broad-side" arrangement is recommended forcommunications at greater distances whereasthe "endfire" arrangement would be so ar-ranged to cover a larger area ofcommunications. Special attention to the coaxphasing line lengths and their properplacement is of utmost importance.

A. 80 meter bi-directional pattern (all SW positions 3) referto Figure 1, Part 2 "Radiation Patterns"

NOTE: Due to close electrical spacing (1/4 wave) on80 meters for Broadside (position 1) and Endure(position 2) the SVWR may be somewhat higher than1/2 wave spacing. SW3 selects direction

B. 40 meters all switches in position 1 selects Bi-Directional patterns. Use SW2 for broadside (position1) Endfire (position 2).

C. All switches in position 2 selects cardioid pattern. SW4selects direction of cardioid pattern.

NOTE: All connecting lines are exaggerated in length. Theselines must be direct and short as with any coax hook-up prac-tice.

Figure 5Typical installation (2) 18HT-S Phased for 80 and 40

Meters Selectable Broadside and Endfire Patters on 40Meters Selectable Broadside and Endfire Patterns on 80Meters Selectable 2 Directions Cardioid on 80 Meters

Note: Corralate Patterns to spacing used in installation

Figure 6Radiation Patterns - Typical Spacing For Broadside And Endfire Arrangements