Phar Chem Finals - Chapt 1-4 Exercises

8/17/2019 Phar Chem Finals - Chapt 1-4 Exercises

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17

Go, Jenicca Pamela Y. 1F-PH

Exercise 1: Group Properties of Elements

1)

Grp. 1-A Grp. 1-

occurrence !o not occur free in nature. "ccur free in nature.

reactions of "- an# "H- $tron% &asic Fee&l' (except A%")

acti*it' +acti*it', +at. t acti*it', +at t

"xi#ation states 1 1,,/0in#s of ions $imple ations omplex anions an# cations

solu&ilit' $olu&le 2nsolu&le

) A) H%l 3 H% H%l

) u 3 u u4

) A% 3 A% A%4

!) / Au 3 Au/ Au4

/) allotrop5' - propert' of a su&stance of existin% in more t5an one p5'sical form in t5e same p5'sical state.

Ex. $ulfur

6)

"uter Electronic onfi%uration an# "xi#ation $tate

2A an# 2 c5ar%e of 1 an# 1 *alence electron

22A an# 22 c5ar%e of an# *alence electrons 22 5as fille# set of # or&ital

222A an# 222 c5ar%e of / an# / *alence electrons 22 5as sp1 electron

confi%uration

28A c5ar%e of an# 6 &ecause of sp confi%uration

28 , / an# 6 oxi#ation states

8A / an# 9 oxi#ation states &ecause of sp/ confi%uration

8 c5ar%e of to 9

82A c5ar%e of -, 4, , 6 an# (onl' ox'%en 5as -, 1- an# 4) sp6

electron confi%uration

82 , /, 9 an# c5ar%es

822A c5ar%e of -1 sp9 confi%uration822 c5ar%e of to 7 #9s confi%uration

8222 oxi#ation states of , /, 6, an# ; fille# p or&ital

8222A ei%5t *alence electrons all completel' fille# or&itals

9) Allo's - 2t is a metal com&ine# it5 ot5er su&stances, resultin% in superior properties.


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Go, Jenicca Pamela Y. 1F-PH

5apter : P5armaceutical Ai#s an# >ecessities

1 Bsin% t5e folloin% format, ta&ulate t5e compoun#s stu#ie#:

$'non'ms Bses

a. oric Aci# oraci# aci#, H'#ro%en &orate, "rt5o&oric

aci#

Bse# for solutions, ointmen

#ustin% po#er as antisepti

&acteriostatic a%ent. Foun# form of solution in concentr

from .9C to 6.9C for use a

e'eas5. 2t is use# as a &uff

op5t5almic solutions an#. D

&oric aci# it5 e@uimolar @

%l'cerin pro#uces a compou

as &oro%l'cerin %l'cerite 5

foun# some use as a suppos

&. H'#roc5loric Aci# uriatic aci#, $pirit of sea salt, arine aci#,

Espiritu #e sal marina

Bse# as a p5armaceutacal ai# or spec

an ac#if'in% a%ent. apa&ilit' of reac

it5or%anic molecules 5ic5 are ea

to form usuall' ater solu&le 5'#roc5

salts. !ilute# 5'#roc5loric aci# ai#s incon*ersion of pepsino%en into pepsin

protei#s into peptones an# as %astric a

c. >itric Aci# $pirit of nitre, A@ua fortis, A%ua fuerte Bse# as an aci#if'in% a%ent it5 &ase

use# in t5e manufacture of sulfuric ac

tar #'es an# explosi*es. use# as a nitr

a%ent in p'rox'lin an# is externall' us

#estro' c5ancers an# arts.

#. P5osp5oric Aci# "rt5op5osp5oric aci#, Aci#o "rt5ofosforico an &e use# as an aci#if'in% a%ent. B

sol*ent in t5e preparation of Anileri#i

inection.

!ilute# p5osp5oric aci# is use# as a t

stimulant to t5e %astric mucous mem&

acts as s'ner%istic to pepsinan# ai#s informulation of peptones. 2t is also use

ma0in% some p5armaceutical preparat

e. $ulfuric Aci# "il of *itiol, 8itriolic aci#, Aceite #e 8itriolo 5emical use as a stron% #iprotic aci#

can &e utili?e# to form salts of &asic o

#ru% molecules. 2t is also utili?e# as a

#e5'#ratin% a%et in t5e preparation of

P'rox'lin.

f. $tron% Ammonia $olution Ammonium 5'#roxi#e, $tron%er ammonia

ater

Bse# as a ronste# &ase in man' appl

to form ammonium salt of aci#s. 2t is

in t5e manufacture of nitric aci# an# s

&icar&onate. $tron% ammonia solution

in t5e preparation of aromatic ammon

!ilute# ammonia, occasional', it is emas circulator' stimulant &' ina5alation

*apors. Externall', it is use# as counte

%. alcium 5'#roxi#e $la0e# lime, alcium 5'#rate Bse# me#icall' as a flui# electrol'te a

topical astrin%ent. Bse# in p5armaceu

preparations for its potentiall' 5i%5 5'

ion concentration.

5. Potassium H'#roxi#e austic potas5, Potassa Bse# as a caustic principall' in *eteri

practice. 2t is use# in official preparat

saponif'in% a%ent to 5'#rol'?e esters

aci#s into t5eir constituent alco5ols an

potassium salt.


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i. $o#ium H'#roxi#e austic so#a, $o#a l'e Extensi*el' use# in in#ustrial purpose

. $o#ium ar&onate ono5'#rate# so#ium car&onate 2t is use# for its &asicit' in p5armaceu

preparations 5ere it ill form so#ium

aci#ic #ru%s. Preparation of >itrmero

$olution.

0. $o#a ime


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>itric Aci#- use# a nitratin% a%ent in P'rox'lin as source of nitrate ion, use# to #estro' c5ancres an# arts (;-71C &'

ei%5t)

P5osp5oric Aci#- use# in ma0in% Anileri#ine 2nections (;9-;;C &' ei%5t)

!ilute# Hl- use# as a tonic an# stimulant to %astric mucous mem&rane (.9-14.9 % in 144 m)

$ulfuric Aci#- use# as #e5'#ratin%, oxi#i?in% an# sulfatin% a%ent (6-;C)

9. Gi*e t5e commercial met5o#s of preparin% sulfuric aci#. ite t5e a#*anta%e an# #isa#*anta%e of eac5.

ontact Process- pro#uces most of t5e commercial sulfuric aci#, t5e a#*anta%e of t5is is t5at it pro#uces &etter

ea# am&er Process- use# in ma0in% fertili?er

. Ho oul# 'ou prepare a liter of 14C ammonia soln from t5e official stron% ammonia soln

' t5e 5elp of t5e appropriate @uantit' if purifie# ater. al it5 >H6 t5en it5 car&on #ioxi#e.

14. Ho #oes so#a lime function as car&on #ioxi#e a&sor&ant in t5e &o#' rit5e e@uations in*ol*e#.


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)


6/7

- A#ministration of #iuretics

- Excessi*e in%estion of al0aline #ru%s

- oss of c5lori#e ions- En#ocrine #isor#er

9. a⁺, l⁻, H"₃⁻, %M⁺ an# HP"₄M⁻ ions 5ile "ral

electrol'te solutions are use# to suppl' ater an# electrol'tes in amounts nee#e# for maintenance as soon as inta0e of

usual foo#s an# li@ui#s is #iscontinue# an# &efore serious flui# loses or #eficits occur.


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it5ium- is a #epressant to t5e central ner*ous s'stem an# to circulation 5ic5 is use# in manic-#epressi*e #isor#er.

romi#e- ser*es to cause a #epression of t5e central ner*ous s'stem in small #oses. 2

ercur' Kcurrentl' mercurial are use# as #iuretics, antiseptic, parasitici#e an# fun%ici#e.$trontium- 5a*e &een use# at *arious times, ran%in% from t5e use of strontium &romise >F O as a se#ucti*e $trontium

actate in t5e treatment of osteoporosis an# $trontium 5lori#e in a #entrifice as a toot5 temperature #esensti?in%

a%ent$il*er- t5e action of sil*er ion on tissues ran%es from antiseptic, astrin%ent, irritant to corrosi*e, as t5e concentration of

free sil*er ion increases5romium- to impro*e or normali?e t5e impaire# %lucose tolerance of some #ia&etic, ol# people an# malnouris5e#

c5il#ren7. Gol# is use# in r5eumatism art5ritis an# lupus er't5ematosus 5ile arsenic is a solution t5at 5as &een use# for

leu0emia &ecause it loers leu0oc'te counts

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Phar Chem Finals - Chapt 1-4 Exercises