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The Times Russian telegrams of April 16th contain in-formation about the Pend-jeh sore which was noticed inTHE LANCET of April 10th. This disease is attracting agood deal of attention in Russia. It is now attributed tobacteria in the water of the Murghab valley, and alarm isfelt lest an army should be incapacitated by it.

AN Order in Council has been published reappointing,under the provisions of the Medical Act, Mr. John Simon,C.B., F.R.S., and Mr. T. Pridgin Teale, F.R.C.S., to be membersof the General Council of Medical Education and Registrationof the United Kingdom for a further term of five years fromMay 23rd next. -

ANOTHER of M. Pasteur’s Russian patients, the fourth,has, it is announced, died of hydrophobia.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics.ALETRIS CORDIAL.

WE have received from Messrs. Burgoyne, Burbidges, and Co.specimens of " Aletris Cordial," which is said to be efficaciousas a " uterine tonic and restorative." Of this special pre-paration we have had no experience; but the drug itself, the" Aletris Farinosa," or " Star-grass," of Central America, isfamiliar enough to all who take an interest in the progress Iof therapeutical science. The root from which presumablythe cordial is prepared has many useful properties, andhas long enjoyed a reputation in the treatment of variousforms of uterine complaints. A thorough investigation ofdts medicinal properties is a desideratum.

KENNEDY’S EXTRACT OF PINUS CANADENSIS.The Pinus Canadensis is presumably the Pix Canadensis or

Canada pitch, a resinous exudation from the hemlock or

hemlock spruce of Canada and the United States. It is a non-

irritating mucous astringent, and is likely to prove usefulin catarrh, leucorrhcea, gonorrhœa, and other conditionsattended with profuse discharge. It was frequently.-employed by the late Dr. Marion Sims, and is supposed.to be a valuable remedy.

TABLOIDS OF COMPRESSED TRINITRINE.

Trinitrine is the new name for nitro-glycerine, the general.adoption of which has been advocated by Dujardin-Beaumetz, Huchard, and other continental observers. Itsoccurrence in prescriptions is less likely to alarm the sus-ceptibilities of delicate, nervous, or highly-strung patientsthan the more commonly employed term. The tabloids of

compressed trinitrine are made with sugar of milk, which isadmirably adapted for the purpose, and dissolves muchmore rapidly than any of the ordinarily employed excipients.We have made trial of these new tabloids, and find thatthey answer admirably in cases of angina pectoris, givingprompt relief to the paroxysms of pain. The compoundtrinitrine tabloids, containing, in addition to nitro-glycerine,.nitrite of amyl, menthol, and capsicum, constitute a valuablepreparation, and will in all probability speedily replace theofficinal formula.

QUEBRACHO BLANCO.

The origin and therapeutic value of the barks known’under the name of Quebracho blanco form the subject of aninteresting communication by Charles Eloy and HenriHuchard in the Archives de Physiologie, published thismonth. Though long in common use in South America, it’was only as recently as 1878 that Penzoldt of Erlangenemployed it in Europe. Since that period, however, severalphysicians and pharmacologists have studied the effects itproduces, and the general agreement that has been obtained

shows that its effects are constant; and there can be nodoubt that a new and valuable drug will by its introductionbe added to our materia medica. Botanical investigationhas demonstrated that the bark named Quebracho reallybelongs to four different plants-namely, the Aspidosperme,Quebracho, or Quebracho blanco, belonging to the naturalorder Apocynaceae, the wood of which is very hard andfurnishes the active principles of which mention will

presently be made; the Lexopterygium Lorenzii or Que-bracho Colorado of the natural order Terebinthinaceæ, thebark of which is rich in tannin ; the lodina rhumbifolia orQuebracho flogo, of the family of Ilicineæ ; and, lastly, theMacharium foetidum or Quebracho tipa, of the naturalorder Leguminosese. The two last are little known,and perhaps possess no medicinal value. The best barkscome from Pilciao, and are obtained, like those fur-

nishing quinine, from the smaller branches of the trees.The active principles hitherto obtained from them are

aspidospermine, C22H30N2O2, considered by some to beidentical with paytine; quebrachine, C21H26N2O2; aspidos-permatine, C22H23N2O2; hypoquebrachine, aspidosamine, andquebrachamine. The most remarkable influence exerted bythe bark, as well as by these substances, and especially byquebrachine and aspidospermine, is their power of loweringthe temperature of the body. The administration of seventy-five milligrammes per kilogramme of body weight to a rabbitcaused the temperature in the rectum to fall to 3° C. in thecourse of forty-nine minutes. This depression of tempera-ture is associated with some remarkable alterations in therespiratory function. The first effect is to render the respira-tions deeper, but not more rapid; then after the lapse of aquarter of an hour the respirations become more rapid in theproportion of 11 : 12 in the rabbit and 10 : 11 in the dog, aneffect that is persistent for a long time. When larger andtoxic doses are given the respirations become arhythmic andshallower till death occurs. Quebrachine is more activeand more poisonous than aspidospermine, whilst its anti-thermic properties are still greater, a diminution of tempe-rature amounting to from 5° to 70 C. having been observed inten minutes. Other symptoms observed in dogs, when mode-rate doses of five centigrammes were given by the mouth,were, in the course of a few minutes, convulsions, paralysisof the hinder limbs, and tumultous action of the heart, whichlasted for an hour and a half. When recovery took placeM. Petrone observed reflex modifications of sensibility,mydriasis, and congestion of the auricle of the ear.

Eloy and Huchard, however, did not perceive any mydriasis.In their experiments pure aspidospermine produced spasmsof the hind limbs and trembling of the muscles, passing,when the poison was not eliminated, into paralysis, butwhen smaller doses were given terminating in recovery.The sensibility remained intact. The frequency of thecardiac pulsations fell from 156 to 126, the vessels of theauricle becoming at the same time intensely reddened. Insome instances the galvanic excitability of the phrenic nervewas observed to be augmented both with aspidospermine andwith quebrachine. Both substances caused hyper-secretion ofthe kidney, of the glands of the intestines, and of thesalivary glands. It is clear from these facts that in que-bracho bark proximate principles exist which may prove ofgreat value in the treatment of disease. It has been recom-mended in dyspnoea, both of pulmonary and of cardiac origin,and has been found to possess some, at least, of the valueassigned to it by the American aborigines, who regard it asfebrifuge, anti-diarrhoeal, and diuretic.

EL KELLAH.

This plant, the Ammi visnaga of botanists, has furnishedM. Moustapha with a ternary compound, kelline, havingnarcotic properties, and in animals inducing vomiting,with paralysis of the hinder extremities, irregularity of theheart, and slowing of the respiration. The fruit has beenused therapeutically in the proportion of 6 to 8 per cent. asa tonic and astringent gargle in cases of stomatitis, dentalcaries, and gingivitis. In daily doses of 150 grammes, thedecoction of the seeds has been employed for rheumatism.An ointment made by triturating the seeds of kellah withoil or a fatty substance serves for frictionising the jointsand articulations. A decoction of from 18 to 20 grammes ofthe seeds in 160 grammes of water is said to be efficacious im

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gravel. Finally, the decoction is stated to be a febrifuge, andthe leaves are also employed in the preparation of cata-plasms.

HOPEINE.

The investigations of Dr. Paul appear (PharmaceuticalJoumal) to prove that hopeine is an artificial product, whichhas been manufactured by the admixture of morphine andcocaine. At all events, these two alkaloids were detected inseveral specimens analysed by him. And as the sources ofsuch alkaloids are of widely different botanical origin, theabove conclusion appears probable.

THE FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE GERMANSOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF

SURGERY.

Tms Congress was opened on the 7th inst. at Berlin, in theAula of the University, the attendance of Berlin physiciansand guests being very numerous. Amongst those presentwere noticed Volkmann, Czerny (Heidelberg), Mikuliczfrom Krakow, Schcede from Hamburg, Roser from Marburg,’Gurlt, Eiister, Israel, Bergmann (all four from Berlin),Kœnig from Gottingen, and Thiersch from Leipsic. The

Vice-president, von Volkmann, opened the meeting, ex-

pressing his regret that the President, the highly honouredvon Langenbeck, was prevented by illness from being’present at the Congress. As an acknowledgment of thehigh services of the veteran surgeon on behalf of the

Society, he proposed that they should elect him as honorary,president. The proposal was accepted with acclamation,and the resolution telegraphed to von Langenbeck at

Wiesbaden. Sir James Paget and Sir Joseph Lister inLondon, who at the last Congress were elected honorarymembers, sent communications expressing their sense ofthe honour shown them, and requested that their acknow-ledgments might be communicated to the Society. The

Society has lost several prominent members through death,amongst them being Professor Uhde of Brunswick, Vogt,surgeon at Greifswald, Starke of Berlin, and Burow ofKoenigsberg. All were highly esteemed on account of theirpersonal qualities and extensive knowledge. Five membershave left the Society and seventeen have entered, so thatthe Society now numbers 359 members. Von Volkmannwas elected chairman, von Bergmann vice-chairman, vonGurlt (from Berlin) resident secretary, and von Kusterresident treasurer. Herrn Schœnborn from Koenigsberg,Thiersch, Koenig, Roth from Dresden, and Esmarch of.Kiel complete the committee.The course of addresses was opened by Professor Kraske of

Freiburg with a discussion on the Etiology and Patho-genesis of Acute Osteo-myelitis. Roser, Mikulicz, Fraenzel,and others took part in this discussion.Afterwards Rinne, from Greifswald, spoke on the Drainage

of Abscesses of the Abdomen.The next address was by Professor Rosenbach, from

Gottingen, on the Etiology of Traumatic Tetanus in HumanBeings. Hitherto, the author observed, no satisfactoryexplanation has been forthcoming of this affection. Therelation of the wound to the tetanus could not be direct.Wounds containing foreign bodies, wounds attended withgangrene, and gunshot wounds in the upper and lower thighshow principally an inclination to cause tetanus. The ex-perimentof injecting blood andmatterof tetanised beings intodogs has given negative results, the dog remaining entirelyunaffected ; but results have been obtained with rabbits,.guinea-pigs, and mice. Curiously enough, the inoculation ofthese animals with earth caused tetanus, with symptoms’quite equal to those of traumatic tetanus in man and thehorse, the latter often dying of the disease. From a man who,in consequence of frozen feet, had died of tetanus, the speakerreceived, through repeated inoculation on guinea-pigs andmioe, material for microscopic examination, and discoveredin it those fine bristle-like split fungi which Nicolaierreceived from the cases inoculated with garden earth. Thefungus is a bacillus, and is most likely the cause of tetanusthrough the secretion of a sort of strychnine poison.

After an adjournment for refreshment, an address by Dr.Landerer from Leipsic followed on Transfusion and Infusion.The speaker said that the use of a solution of common salt,

recommended by Kronecker and Sander, had secured a littlebetter result than had attended the employment of blood.Nevertheless this method was also unsatisfactory, becausethe introduced liquid contained scarcely any nutritivematerial, and consequently, after a short revival of thepatient, his death could not be prevented if more than 4½ percent. of the body weight in blood had been lost. He hadtherefore employed a mixture of one part of defibrinatedblood to four parts of the solution of alkaline salt. With thishe had obtained good results, even if more than 6 per cent.of blood had been lost. At the suggestion of ProfessorLudwig, of Leipsic, a solution of alkaline salt mixed with3 per cent. of common cane sugar was then used. Trialson animals showed that this operated well, even with a lossof 6½ per cent. of blood; after a fortnight the loss of bloodparticles was replaced. Various causes were given in

explanation. First, the blood particles keep better in asolution of sugar than in a solution of salt; then, again,sugar draws great quantities of moisture out of the paren-chymatised webs, and procures in this way nutritiouspowers tor the thinned blood; sugar is in itself nutritiousand burns very quickly, therefore quickly brings warmthto the body, increases the pressure of blood, &c.At the meeting on the 8th inst., a discussion resolved on

at last year’s Congress concerning Operations on Stone inthe Bladder was held. In was opened by Koenig from (jot-tingen, and continued by von Bergmann, Trendlenburg, vonVolkmann, Schoede, Furstenheim, Schoenborn, Sonnenburg,Israel, Gussenbauer, Kiister, Lobker, and Petersen.

It was decided to bring forward for discussion at the nextCongress Operations on Obstruction of the Bowels and onPeritonitis and Perforation of the Gut.

UNQUALIFIED ASSISTANTS AND BRANCHDISPENSARIES.

ON Friday, the 16th inst., Mr. George Collier, DeputyCoroner for East Middlesex, held an adjourned inquiry atthe Shoreditch Town Hall relative to the death of HenryHibbard, aged fifty-four, of 45, Bookham-street, Hoxton,who had been in the employ of Messrs. Barron, Harvey,and Co., wholesale druggists, as warehouseman, for a periodof twenty-six years.Mrs. Ellen Hibbard deposed that on Saturday, March 27th,

deceased did not get up, and complained of want of sleep.He sent her to Mr. Money’s surgery for a bottle of composingmixture, he having had one bottle before. She went asdirected, and deceased took the medicine. He got no sleep,and on the Sunday he had another bottle. On the Mondayhe was worse. She then went to the surgery and askedthe doctor to call and visit the patient, -which he did, andtold her to call for the medicine, telling her it would be twodoses, which were to be given in a little stout. She fetchedthe medicine and gave it as directed-one dose when shegot home (about 3.15 in the afternoon), and the other at6 o’clock, as the first did not have the desired effect. Shortlyafter taking the second dose her husband became insensible.She went for the doctor, and Mr. Money himself came. Upto that time. she thought that she had been dealing with aproperly qualified man, but found then that it was theassistant who had been prescribing for her husband. Herhusband died at about 8.15. On Tuesday Mr. Money calledand told her it would be all right; that a mistake had beenmade, as the bottle contained three doses instead of two,and he would have to communicate with the coroner beforegiving the certificate. He took the bottle away with him.The bottle produced (an ordinary six-ounce medicine bottle)was similar. She did not read the label, although she couldread, as she received such plain instructions. She was sureshe was told to give the second dose about two or threehours after the first. The assistant admitted that she hadfollowed his verbal directions.Absalom William Head, 29, East-road, in reply to the

coroner, said he was possessed of no medical qualifications.He had been assistant to Mr. Money for thirteen months, buthe had been connected with the profession twenty-sixyears. He had sole charge of this dispensary. Witnessirst saw the deceased on the 29th ult., when he was delirious.He was quite positive he told Mrs. Hibbard that four hourswere to elapse between the doses. He did not tell her there