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Integrating leader-users’ knowledge: Evaluating the absorptive capacity of different technological companies. PHD Student : Ana Elisa Martins Pacheco de Castro Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Roberto Sbragia São Paulo University. Agenda. Context Gap from Literature Question Point - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Integrating leader-users’ knowledge: Evaluating the absorptive capacity of different technological companies.
PHD Student: Ana Elisa Martins Pacheco de CastroSupervisor: Prof. Dr. Roberto SbragiaSão Paulo University
AGENDA
Context Gap from Literature Question Point Literature Review Conceptual ModelMethodology Expected Contribuitions
CONTEXT
Environment is changing
The increased flow of knowledge (ICTs):
The information created and transmitted via the Internet, telephone networks and private networks reached more than 900 billion gigabytes (IDC, 2010);
People are getting more technological;
Restructuring of old business models eg: music industry;
Emergence of new business models based on external knowledge – Youtube; Wikipedia; Red Hat.
CONTEXT P&D:
Commoditization of technology X Reduced costs and risks
Knowledge’ specialization
Rising collaboration networks complexity
Firms invest in greater product variety but are less able to differentiate themselves and the concern about how to create value have become the dominant themes for managers.
The meaning of value and the process of value creation are rapidly shifting from a product- and firm-centric view to personalized consumer experiences.
CONTEXT
Innovation Process
Lean
Organizational and systems integration
Flat and flexible organizational structures
Bank developed data (information integration)
Rapid prototyping
Efficient sharing of knowledge
-
How to resolve these issues?
CONTEXT
Challenge for companies
Increase internal knowledge
Improve the user experience
Reduce costs and risks
Expand the product line, but focused
-
WHAT DOES THE LITERATURE SAY
Innovation
Absortive Capacity
Users Collaboration
(ZAHRA; GEORGE, 2002, VON HIPPEL, 1986)
LEAD USER (VON HIPPEL, 1986)
1. Lead users have new product or service needs before the others consumers2. Lead users expect to benefit significantly by finding a solution to their needs.
Churchill et al, 2009
Realized
CONCEPTUAL LOGIC ON ZAHRA; GEORGE, 2002, P. 192 )
- Knowledge source and complementary- Prior Knowledge
Transform
Exploitation
Competitive Advantage
-Flexibility- Innovation- Performance
Absortive Capacity
Activation triggers
Social integration mechanism
Regimes of apropriability
Potential
Acquire
Assimilate
WHAT HAS BEEN SAID Lead User Innovation Absortive Capacity
- Risks (ENKEL; KRAUSCH, GASSMANN, 2005)
- Benefits (VON HIPPEL, 1986; EISENBERG, 2011)
- Combining ideas from employees and lead users (EISENBERG, 2011)
- Determinants (FLATTEN et.al, 2011; LÜTTHEJE; HERSTATT, 2004; RITTER, WALTER, 2003; GASSMANN et.al, 2010)
- Motivation (HUANG et.al.; 2009; RAYMOND, 2001; DAHALANDER, GASS, 2010)
- Methods to integrate lead users (CHURCHILL et.al, 2009)
- Results from colaboration (VON HIPPEL, 1996)
- Lead user typology (CHURCHILL et al, 2009)
-Dimensions (COHEN; LEVINTHAL, 1990; ZAHRA; GEORGE, 2002; TODOROVA; DURSIS, 2007)
- AbsortIve routines (DUCHEK, 2013; EASTERBY-SMITH et.al.; 2008; COHEN; LEVINTHAL, 1990)
- Practices (FOSS et.al, 2011)
- Determinants (ENKEL; HEIL, 2014; LANE;LUBATKIN, 1998; MOWERY; OSLEY, 1995; PENNINGS; HIRIANTO, 1992)
- Absortive toolkits
- Internal team characteristics (MOWERY; OSLEY, 1995)
- Knowledge absorbed characteristic absorbed (VERONA, 1999)
WHAT HAS NOT BEEN SAID YET
- There are few studies that address all dimensions of absorptive NPD (DUCHECK 2013);
- Many studies have dealt with the integration of lead users in a specific phase of DNP, usually in the early stages (ENKEL,E.; KAUSCH, C.; GASSMANN, 2005; VON HIPPEL, THOMKE; SONNACK, 1999; LUTHJE E HERSTATT, 2004; OLSON; BAKKE, 2001; LAURSEN, SALTER, 2006; OLIVEIRA; VON HIPPEL, 2011; VON HIPPEL, 1988; ENKEL,E.; KAUSCH, C.; GASSMANN, 2005), but few talk about how this integration can happen in more advanced stages of the NPD process.
- Studies talk about absorptive capacities in different companies but no one evaluates the absorptive differences of different sectors with the aim of linking the different absorptive practices to the results of innovation leaders users.
WHAT HAS NOT BEEN SAID YET
- Few studies that address all dimensions of absorptive NPD (DUCHECK 2013);
- Many studies have dealt with the integration of lead users in a specific phase of DNP, usually in the early stages (ENKEL,E.; KAUSCH, C.; GASSMANN, 2005; VON HIPPEL, THOMKE; SONNACK, 1999; LUTHJE E HERSTATT, 2004; OLSON; BAKKE, 2001; LAURSEN, SALTER, 2006; OLIVEIRA; VON HIPPEL, 2011; VON HIPPEL, 1988; ENKEL,E.; KAUSCH, C.; GASSMANN, 2005), but few talk about how this integration can happen in more advanced stages of the NPD process.
- Studies talk about absorptive capacities in different companies but no one evaluates the absorptive differences of different sectors with the aim of linking the different absorptive practices to the results of innovation leaders users.
QUESTION POINT
How do companies absorb lead-user's knowledge and which kind of contribution this knowledge brings to innovations’ outcomes in companies with different technologic demands?
LITERATURE REVIEW
FIRMSUniversity
Competidors
Supplier
Companies Users
Lite
ratu
re
Pers
pect
ive
Colaborative Perspective
OPEN INNOVATION (CHESBROUGH, 2003USER INNOVATION (VON HIPPEL, 1988)
Typology
Lead User
Early Adopter
Routine user
Laggards
Market Oriented
Technology Oriented
Acquire
Firm’s Result Perspective
Toolkits
Motivation
Communication
Coordination
User Innovation(VON HIPPEL, 1988)
Innovation ABSORTIVE CAPACITYTODOROVA; DURISIN, 2007
Knowledge’s Perspective
Routines
Assimilate
Transform
Explore
Practices Perspective
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
AConceptPhase
Discovery Phase
DevelopmentPhase Test Phase
Marketintroductio
n
K ‘s Acquisition
K ‘s Assimilation
K ‘s Transformation
K ‘s Explotation
InovationsResults
Absortive Capacity
Based on Zahra; George, 2002; Von Hippel,
Prior Knowledge
Routinesand
Toolkits
Social integrationmechanism
Regimes ofapropriability
Nature ofthe project
Market K
TechnicalK Lead Users
Individual
Lead UserColletive
Lead UsersIndividual
Lead UserColletive
Lead User’s K
Activationtriggers
METHODOLOGY
Multiple case’s study (6 projects in different industries)
Time Dimension: Longitudinal
Retrospective Case
Triangulation: documents and enterviews
Analises Unit: User Innovation’s Project
Respondent’s profile: marketing/ sales, manufacture and P&D people.
Variables:
Absorptive Capacity1- rotines (how is the integration) 2- toolkits (mode of interaction, intensity of relationship, nature of the relationship
Lead Users1- Individual or coletive2- From the nature of knowdledge: market-oriented or technology-oriented
Results of Innovation
1-Market oriented: raising expectations, minor modifications of the product, product development, with greater acceptance, reducing errors in the development.
2 -Oriented technology: Significant improvement in product quality; development of new products or services
Technological Demand
(Services; TI; Indústria)
Variables:
Absorptive Capacity of Lead Users Knowledge
Nature of the Project
Techinical K
Market K
Lead Users Individual
Lead User Colletive
Lead Users Individual
Lead User Colletive
Acquire
Assimilate
Exlplore
Transform
Rotine
Toolkits
Acquire
Assimilate
Exlplore
Transform
Rotine
Toolkits
Acquire
Assimilate
Exlplore
Transform
Rotine
Toolkits
Acquire
Assimilate
Exlplore
Transform
Rotine
Toolkits
Service
Industry
IT Company IT Company
Industry
Service
Inovation’s ResultsIn Service
Inovation’s ResultsIn Industry
Inovation’s ResultsIn IT Companies
Innovation’s Outcomes from Lead User
CONTRIBUTIONAcademic Contribuitions:
1- Lead User Innovation – by comparing the behavior for lead users in different sectors and segments.2- Absortive Capacity - by showing how users leaders’ knowledge can be incorporated into all phases of NPD.3- Innovation Strategy – by connecting such different results arising from the absorption of lead users knowledge in different sectors.
Manager Contribuitions:
The results of this study are relevant for companys of different segments that seeking to involve appropriate users in NPD. In a more timely manner, this study aims:
1- Display the ways of involving lead users in different phases of DNP.2- Clarify the types of problems that can be solved by lead users and suggest some ways to protect this knowledge (appropriabily);3- Pointing different forms of relationship and communication most appropriate choices of different types lead users (individual and collective);4 - Increase understanding of the innovative possibilities from the integration of lead users in NPD.
Thank you
absorptive capacity
Lead Users
(ZAHRA; GEORGE, 2002, VON HIPPEL, 1986....)
Results of Innovation
Demanda Tecnológica
(Serviços; TI; Indústria)