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DEFEATING PHENOMENAL CONSERVATISM According to the phenomenal conservatives, beliefs are justified by non-doxastic states we might speak of as ‘appearances’ or ‘seemings’. Those who defend the view say that there is something self-defeating about believing that phenomenal conservatism is mista ken. They also claim tha t the view captur es an importan t internalist ins ight about ju stification. I shall ar gue that phenomena l conservatism is indefensible. The consideration s that seem to support the view commit the phenomenal conservatives to condon ing morally abhorren t behavior. They can deny that their view forces them to condone morally abhorrent behavior, but then they undercut the defenses of their own view. 1. Introduction Consider the principle of phenomenal conservatism: (PC) If it seems to you that p, then, in the absence of defeaters, you thereby have at least some degree of j ustification for believing p. 1 Phenomenal conservatism is similar to generation conservatism insofar as these views agree that non-factive mental states provide prima facie justification for belief. 2 Rather than say that believing p is a prima facie justification for believing p, the phenomenal conservative focuses on appearance states distinct from belief, states we might pick out by saying ‘It seemed that p’ or ‘It appeared that p’ having had a conscious experience, an apparent memory, or an intuition about the right or the good. Appearances and s eemings are supposed to b e distinct from dispositions or inclinations to believe and distinct from beliefs. It can appear to you that p even if you are convinced that p is false and convinced that it only seems to you that p because you w ere slipped a drug. Let us sa y that 1 Huemer (2007: 30). 2 The phenomenal conservative could say that beliefs are among the states that contribute prima facie justification, but they need not say this. Vahid (2004: 102) usefully d istinguishes conserva tive views about that which generates justification from conservative views about the conditions under which a belief might justifiably p ersist in believing something alrea dy believed. It is unclear whether Harman (1986) accepts both the idea that a belief can generate a prima facie reason or whether in the absence of a prima facie reason not to believe, one is justified in continuing once the belief is in place. McGrath (2007) argues for a kind of conservatism that treats apparent memories as a source of justification or reasons for believing that is similar to PC in some respects and thinks that PC is useful in thinking about the justification of memorial belief.

PhenConAnalyticPhil (Final Oct 2010)

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