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P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y
P r o f e s s o r
Andy Patricio Bonifacio
B e e d 1 - a
P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y
CHAPTER 23
From martial law to People power (1972 –
1986)
R e p o r t e r s
Sheree Ann Marie Casin Joelbyn a. datu
Jo-ness Mensorado
P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y P r o f e s s o r
Sheree Ann Marie Casin
Joelbyn a. datu
Jo-ness Mensorado
From martial law to
People power (1972 – 1986)
The Philippines until 1972, held election
regularly; every four years for the president,
vice president, and congressmen ; every two
years for a third of the senate.
President Ferdinand Marcos started his term
(1972), he was able to extend his stay in
office to a 3rd term
President Marcos, through what he called “
Constitutional Authoritarianism,” extended his
presidency that lasted twenty years or two
decades – The longest in the Philippine history.
Marco’s new societyMarcos Envisioned A “ REVOLUTION FROM THE
CENTER
Center – Referred to the Silent Majority who
were neither leftists of pro radical change
like a socialist or communist society nor
Rightists who where pro status quo
Dominated by few Landed rich or the
Oligarchy.
New Society (Bagong Lipunan) – Ferdinand
Marcos build a new society Which is self
discipline, self reliant , prosperous and peaceful
society.
*Marcos Excellency in his New Society *
1. Place the whole country under the land
reformed .
2. Freeing the tenant farmers from his
landlord and enabling him to own and
expand the size of ax and expand the size
of land
3. Using Tax money and foreign loans Marcos
built more school, market place, hospital,
roads and etc.
4. Develop energy resources such as
geothermal plants, oil fuels.
Worsening economic and
Political crises
Massive foreign loan
Rises in prices of commodities
They collected more taxes, budget were cut
and poor salaries
Farmers began to deprived of their lease
hold arrangement
Sent out 1.3 million overseas contract
workers and domestic helpers
Interim Batasang Pambansa
- it was the first election to be held under
martial rule
Dictatorship
- one man rule a ruler with unrestricted
powers
June 30, 1981
-Marcos won , the Fourth Republic was
inaugurated .
Mass movements to end
Martial rule
The declaration of martial law effectively
silenced the protest
Movement of the “FIRST QUARTER STORM”
from 1972 to 1973 hundreds were detained
includes leaders of the leftist organization. It
took more years before those who spoke and
wrote about what was really happening
under martial law could be heard.
Noise barrage
- sound or noise used by opposition to
signify their protest against Marcos and KBL
Safehouses
- were secret places for the torture and
killing of anti-Marcos activists, communists
and other rebels whose right to trial and
human dignity were totally disregarded.
Xerox Journalism
- Photocopies of articles and readings
with subversive content proliferated.
Movement for a free Philippines
-Led by Raul Manglapus, a group who
accused Marcos of dictatorship , graft and
corruption that caused capital flight and
unproductivity, excessive taxes, and the
further deterioration of Economy.
April 6 Liberation Movement
- a group of the elite and the big
business community was accused of trying to
end Marco’s martial rule even through
violent means.
The assassination of
ninoy
Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.
- If Marcos did not declare martial
law in 1972 , former Senator Benigno “Ninoy”
Aquino Jr. Might have become the next
president. Instead, he was in imprisoned
later, allowed to go the U.S for medical
treatment when he got very ill while in
detention.
Ninoy Aquino decided to return to the
Philippine using assumed name, MARCIAL
BONIFACIO.
August 21, 1983
- the assassination of Benigno Aquino
took place on Sunday August 21, 1983 at
Manila International Airport he was shot in
the head while being escorted from an
aircraft to a vehicle that was waiting to
transport him to prison. Also killed was
Rolando Galman, who was later implicated in
Ninoy Aquino’s murder.
The 1986 snap
Elections
Snap Election
- an Election called earlier than expected,
Generally it refers to an election in a
parliamentary system called when not
requied usually to capitalize on a unique
electoral opportunity or to decade a pressing
issue.
Parliament of the Street
- a new wave of protest rallies from 1983
rocked Manila and other cities like Cebu,
Davao, and Iloilo.
National Movement for free Elections
(NAMFREL)
- to ensure a clean and fair counting of
votes, concerned businessmen and other cause
oriented groups organized it.
February 7, 1986
- Marcos announced that he was ready
for a “Snap” presidential election.
February 20, 1986
- Marcos was declared President Elect
along with Arturo Tolentino as vice president.
People power at
edsaThe Philippine was praised worldwide in 1986
when the so called bloodless Revolution
erupted called EDSA People Power’s
Revolution
EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
- was a series of popular demonstrations
in the Philippines that began in 1983 and
culminated in 1986.
February 22, 1986
- triggered the downfall of the Marcos
Government in an unsuspected move by Juan
Ponce Enrile the Secretary of National
Defense and Fidel V. Ramos (Vice Chief of
Staff ) who defected and severed their ties
with Marcos.
February 23, 1986
- the oath taking of Marcos as newly
elected president was hastily stopped.
February 25, 1986
- Marked a significant national event that
has been engraved in the heart and mind of
every Filipino .
- The Bloodless Revolution called EDSA
People Power’s Revolution.
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