Philippines Final Report December 2013 DRAFT

8/12/2019 Philippines Final Report December 2013 DRAFT

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The 2010 election of President Aquino, Jr is a clear shift in the priorities of thePhilippines government. Current President Aquino, Jr campaigned on a reform agenda,

seeking to end corruption and poverty. By linking corruption to poverty, Aquino hasdrawn attention to issues of governance. The Philippine government is directly

addressing government corruption as part of its effort to improve the quality ofgovernance; the direct participation and empowerment of citizens is considered a central

component of the effort toward this improvement. There have been a series ofinstitutional reforms over the past three years, as the Aquino governments continues to

build new institutions that foster the opportunity to alter spending patterns and improvegovernance.

Aquinos reform agenda has built upon an array of previous administrations reform

efforts. Thus, the roots of current reform can be found in several arenas:

First, the World Bank was instrumental in bringing a Community-Driven Developmentprogram to rural areas of the country (Labonne and Chase 2008). Community-Driven

Development programs allow citizens to be directly involved in the allocation process ofspecific projects with World Bank Group funding. These programs incorporate

government officials in the programs.

Second, CSOs in the Philippines began experimenting with ways to monitor corruption inthe production of quality implementation. Road Watch is an excellent example of a CSO

that used participatory auditing mechanisms to counter misappropriation and misuse ofpublic goods. Another example is the Alternative Budget Initiative, led by Social Watch

Philippines, which allows CSOs to provide alternative budget arrangements.


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Finally, reform-oriented governments elected at subnational levels. Naga City is the bestexample of a local government unit embarking on reform. The case of Naga City

demonstrates how its local government was able to make legal provisions of participationat the local level parallel to national legislation. Particularly, the local government sought

to make participation equally available at the local level since participation is primarily

observed in national legislation. Naga Citys 1995 Empowerment Ordinance has theobjective to empower the people through self-organization, thereby, propellingparticipation in responsibility alongside the local government.

The government led by President Benigno Aquino has produced a range of reforms. First,

the government changed the internal structure of the Presidential administration in orderto improve coordination efforts. The Cabinet Cluster on Good Governance and Anti-

Corruption (CGAC) is directly involved in promoting citizen participation inpolicymaking and auditing mechanisms. Second, the government created a series of

reforms that have dramatically increased the amount of information that citizens can

access. The government has committed to creating a Citizens Budget whereby basicbudget information is made accessible to interested citizens. Third, citizens are nowinduced to participate in the national policymaking process. Fourth, at the national level,

the country is supporting the use of direct participation at the local level.

The reforms in the Philippines appear to be consistently aimed at solving two crucialproblems. First, the participatory institutions are geared toward addressing the problem of

low knowledge and limited engagement among CSOs and citizens. There is a deliberateeffort to empower citizens. Second, there is a specific interest in limiting corruption. The

most innovative reforms address both of these issues. These include the Peoples Budget,Empowerment Fund for Participatory Governance, Bottom-Up Budgeting, Budget

Partnership Agreements, Full Disclosure Policy, Seal of Good Housekeeping, and CitizenParticipatory Audits.


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Philippines Final Report December 2013 DRAFT