22
1389 Philosophical Meditatins Vol.2, No.7&8, Autumn & Winter 2010-2011 University of Zanjan 1 » « . . . . . : . : 49 66951593 - 021 [email protected] : 15 / 6 / 91 : 15 / 11 / 91

Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

  • Upload
    vucong

  • View
    216

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

!"#$%& !"##$% &'()##*

'"( )*+, -."/0 1234 1254 *,

678"9 :"2;!< * 1389

-"=5>?+ :"@><

Philosophical Meditatins

Vol.2, No.7&8,

Autumn & Winter 2010-2011

University of Zanjan

+,-" ./01 2-3- 45 461789 :;<=" >? 61789

!"#$ %&'($1

@8ABC

»AB?CD «EFGF! H A(? I8FJ7> A3G IK! LK$MN :O KP Q+RCKM2! Q"K4 CK>S7T . UK8?EFGF! 2(+ ( P "4 17K;VN WKP"X KM!"Y * ID"K/2Y? ZK[* ,I>"K;>? \]K0 I$H Q

C#2;4 .EFGF! U8? <? _8 S4IT`8* * a8?S0 Q?.?+ ,"4 SKP KH C#2K;4 IKG"b Q"K4O c"(?:I/> "4:O Q?SP ?. AB?CD <? I38SMN S4 :?FN +SKP ."H P "4 . d."K=> <? ECK4

QSK!? ,AB?CKD eK8SMN .+ AB?CKD EFGF! P YFN H A("DRC! U8? U77fN , B"V! U8?Q.*S[ * I8?C2P? ,U7K7fN )"KV! .+ ?. AB?CKD ,gFK[F! UK8? KP :+SKJ> KYFN * AK(?

8Sh> Q+"8< i"!"jP? "P ?SY? * Q<?+S9 +SKH C4?Fb Y?F! . -C#K;8F> ,.FKh#! UK8? Q?SKP17;VN _8 "P ?C2P?EFGF! k8S5N P I$H QC#PI! AB?CD Q"4 :"K7P "KP lmK( * +<?+S9

1j! <? IbSPe8SMN U8SNI! IM( ,AB?CD Q"4'"n! SHo "P C#H "K8 LK$MN :"KJ!? ,I8"K4EFGF! P ?. e8SMN S4 L$MN :"J!? )CDC#H I(.SP e$2]! Q"4.

/8A(D@E7FG : M!"Y ,ID"/2Y? Z[* ,:";>? ,e8SMN ,EFGF! ,AB?CD

.I4"=5>?+ +"jY ID"/2Y? i"MB"p! * I>";>? )F$D -"=54*`9 I/$D Aq74 FrD

c.+O :* I>";>? )F$D -"=54*`9 ID"/2Y? i"MB"p! , st9 ,QSh> C7u* v ,-"=5>?+ v ,:?SjN49 ,66951593-

021 [email protected]

A&"8.+ x8."N :15/6/91

dS8y9 x8."N :15/11/91

Page 2: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

46

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

Page 3: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

47

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

4 +8H

U2b?+S9 <? z79 P -."P.+ CV> * W7${N +SKH KYFN :O EFKGF! KP C8"P AB?CD Q . KP P S7fMN :O <? H I8FJ7> A3G H +SH YFN C8"P ,S2jP :"7P»AB?CD «I! A3KG ,+F0

A(? -C0 ZX?* i?+FYF! <? ID?F>? "8 gF> | .+ -C0 SHo Q"4"D+? I(.SP P lm( *:O CV> * W7${N * +FYF! :O AB?CD }"PAb?+S9 "4 . ~KYF! ,1Kj! SK!? UK8? <? A$3�

I! i?+FKYF! .+ AB?CKD <? WKG"u �8"K2> * ."K�O * ,WK!?FD * WK$D ,e8."MN H +F0 8Sh> )"V! .+ | * C>F0 a$b S=8CJ8 "P e$2]! �8"K2> ,?SKY? )"KV! .+ K| * Q<?+SK9

! IKP -"KT ,?SKY? )"KV! .+ IK2u * C8"7> WG"u IPF$p +SKT IKV$N AB?CKD U7KD I2B?CKD) ,QSjp!1361\G ,172-173.(

»AB?CD «EFGF! P H A(? I8FJ7> A3GI! L$MN Q+CM2! Q"4+S7T . UK8? U2&"8EFKKGF! -+"KK( ."KKH "KK4 EFKKGF! KKH AKK7MX?* UKK8? "KK!? ,AKK(? Q? .+ ,CKK#N*"32! "KK4

@72> QS7T .?yTS7��N "4A(? . EFKGF! k8SK5N * U7K7fN KP ?CK2P? , 2K0F> UK8? .+ Q"K4 IK! K2b?+S9 AB?CD IK! _K7J3N S=8CKJ8 <? * +FK0 CK>+ST . .FjK5! e8."KMN lmK(

EFKGF! LK$MN :"KJ!? )CKD "K8 LK$MN :"KJ!? * -C0 SHo ,AB?CD :O KP eK$2]! Q"K4I! I(.SP e8."MN C>F0.

:17 (2-3- 61789 IFG

?CD A3G ,C0 23T H .Fp>"/4 EFKGF! P AB IK! -+?+ AfK;> Q+CKM2! Q"K4 +FK0 .

EFGF! 17;VN _8 .+ AB?CD Q"4 EFKGF! 1K;X *+ KP IK$H QC#P Q"K4» I>"K;>? « *EFGF! Q"4»I>";>? S7� « IK! 17;VN C>FK0 . 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ �K{P I$KG? .FK{!EFKKGF! AKK(? )<� ,�KK{P IKK$H U7KK7fN AKKjY UJ7KKB wAKK(? AB?CKKD I>"KK;>? Q"KK4EFGF! -+?+ k7[FN 67> AB?CD I>";>?S7� Q"4C>F0.

1 .2-3- 61789 *JF'J7 <AK IFG

EFGF! �F%b .+ Q6K7| "KN A(? )<� Ip8?S0 | J#8? * AB?CD I>";>? S7� Q"4�{P ,+F0 ZX?* AB?CD EFGF! C>?F2P ,'"Kn! �SK& SKP wAK(? -C0 �Sp! I/j! Q"4

>"b * C!O I$7( ST?* +SH :?S8* ?. Q."7;P Q"4 IK! "K8O ,AK&ST ?. IbSP :"Y :?FKNI! :?C#/5>?+ �A;>?+ >�+"D"> ?. W7( ."2&. -."KP.+ KH Q+FYF! C8"P C#8FT ."K2&. Q

I! U]( :O <? >�+"D+.?C> W7( H C0"P 20?+ Ip8?S0 ,178FT . a8?SK0 <? �{P 2fB? p7u .+ .FHy! KH �FK%b UK8? .+ UJ7KB wAK;7> B"V! U8? �u"f! Q» CK>*?Cb « *

Page 4: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

48

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

»I2;4 )"h> «EFGF! ."/0 .+ ,+.?+ +FKY* �"&* �"f8SVN ,C#2;4 AB?CD I>";>? S7� Q"4:O <? _8S4 S%2]! �S0 P *. U8? <?I! "418<?+S9 .

1.1 .8J/78L

EFGF! <? IJ8 ,AB?CD Q"4»C>*?Cb «A(? . I!tH �u"f! .+» IKjB? 'CKD « U/K[ �{f! *+»I#8FJN AB?CD « *»IM8S5N AB?CD «! �S�I+F0 . UK8? KP I#8FKJN AB?CD

H A("#M!» "K7>+ <? ,:?FK7u * i"f> * +"/Y <? ,U7!< * :"/(O <? 1B"D U8FJN * AV$b 1KK$� Q+FKKYF! �7KK4 KKP z#8SKK&O * AKKV$b .+ * AKK(? AB?CKKD U8<?FKK! SKKP iSKKbO *

I/> +F0. «) ,QSjp!1379� ,55(:"#�/4 w -CK!O QFKf> �8Cu.+ H :» AK!"X 'CKMB"P�.�? * i?*"/;B? «) ,I�";u?1406K4.� ,�4� ,102( ~KYF! KP U7K!< * :"/K(O ,

A("9SP 'CD . :F>"KX * Z8SK5N )"Kh> .+ H A(? U8? IM8S5N AB?CD <? .Fh#! Q.?yKTA(? AB?CD Q"#f! SP /4 * +.?C> +FY* I/$� >F=�74 IjB?.

2.1 .*M'G .FNJ

IJ8 EFGF! <? S=8+ AB?CD I>";>?S7� Q"4»I2;4 )"h> «A(? . SP I2;4 )"h> AB?CDIjB? ~;uIjB? "8 :O �Cf! :+FP IK3$2]! I>"KM! :FT">FT :?."T<*. .+ :O �Cf! :+Ff>A(? 20?+ . AK(? I2K;4 )"Kh> .+ '+"KMN IDFK> Q.?SKXSP SKP IK#2f! e8."MN <? IbSP .

I! AB?CD U8? <? H I38SMN:"jY Q?.O .+ 58. +F0:F7X?*. I("#01 +.?+ .» :FK7X?*.

. * U7>?FXWVD ?. AM7f� C>*I! .?C!C#>?+« ) ,6/BFK41385� ,201 (* CK>.*"P UK8? SKPA(? -C0 2b"( +?C[? I=#4"/4 SP :"jY H ,2b"( SP :"jY Q 14 14 * I#75> I2;5>

A(? +?C[? .14 14 "P H +?C[? I4"T :"jY S7( .+ RCu <? IJ8 ,C>.?+ I#75> d+FKb <*"@NI!b? H A(? a8?S0 U8? .+ * C#HI! +"@8? :"jY .+ Et2 +F0. .+ KH IK2X* 0FT RCMN +Fb Cu <? C[ _8 :"jY <? Q? SK( �"Kb Q."H*<"K( "KP '+"KMN ,+SKH Q

IK/> <"P ST? H A5T C4?Fb <"P '*? Q"Y �"NCKD"X :"KjY AK5T U7KP <? �"Ku "KN CK8"PI! A&.) ,:F2;$9"H1380� ,485 .( 58C>?-."P.+ :F7X?*. Q ,I2;4 )"h> .+ AB?CD Q

:O 1KD< KP wAK(? I2K;4 )"h> .+ '+"MN IDF> A0?C4"=> Q"#M! P +SJ8*. _8 "P "K4I/> +FY* IB+"MN U7#| ST? IK! *SK& 1K4 <? I2K;4 )"h> ,A0?+ C7K0"9 . WK8o ,QSKjp!

IK! IKjB? 'CKD }"2H .+ I2;4 )"h> .+ AB?CD Q"#M! k7[FN * :*<FK! :"KjY CK8FT

.:">F8 :+t7! <? WfX ."j| :SX

Page 5: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

49

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

> "K9SP +FKf> '+"KM2! * :*<FK! ST? wA(? '+"M2! * UR7KM! :"K8SY * }"K;u * 1Kh> ,+FKf+Ff> I%]5! .U8? ?. I2;4 )"h> .+ '+"MN <? +F%V! :"58? IK! :"K7P K>FT CK#H : SK4 .+

-+"KK!S4 <? ,6KK7| $KKG"& ,AKK(? -CKK0 -+"32KK(? )<� .CKKX KKP Q?-<?CKK>? "KK4 -CKK0 QSKK7TA(?)U7579 ,QSjp!( pV> ,Q* Sh> <? U8?SP"#P w IKP ,I#M! U8? P 'CD WP"V! QN IfK("#

1$� > A(? .Q*";2! :"7P .+ :F/r! U7/4 P 7f0 AKM7f� SG"#D A737H * iFX :+FP }"2H .+QSG"> �tb? A(? -C0 SHo) ,I(F�1373� ,146.(

A#K( IDFK> +FKY* ,:"KjY .+ IM7f� AB?CD �F%b .+ "4+SJ8*. <? S=8+ IJ8A(? AM7f� :"jY .+ �"b . K8"9 SKP ��FK/M! "4+SJ8*. U8?PS@N Q :"K7P IKG"b i"K7

I! 0FT."j| .+ H A7MX?* U8? ,'"n! Q?SP wC>F0QFX ,1B"D Q :?SKN) :?CK#/N.CX ( SKP-S7| :"37M[ AK(? i.CKX .FK{! SKP IKM7f� AB?CD Sjh! * U7f! ,C>?) ,6/BFK41385 ,

�305(Afn! -"TC8+ �tn! "8 w ?. '"K/D? �8"K2> * ~KX?FD KP i?+FYF! :C7(. >"58C>? <? 2&ST i�5>I! ,A(? AB?CD IDF> H k$G? Q"VP WG? C>?+):"/4.(

2 .2-3- 61789 *JF'J7 IFG

A3G I4"T AB?CD»\]0 « A3KG I4"KT wA(?» ID"K/2Y? ZK[* « A3KG I4"KT *» M!"Y«.

1.2 .*JF'J7 OPQ

I4"T AB?CD EFGF!»I>";>? \]0 «A(? . L^$MN :";>? P ."f2D? ( P ��F/M! AB?CDI!+S7T :

eB? (";>? KP eK%2! *? +FKY* <? IN"u"K( "K8 Au"K( H "#M! U8? P A(? '+"D ,:A(? AB?CD eG* .A(? 1;X ( SP +SJ8*. U8? "P :";>? .+ AB?CD :

1. BFV! <? | IG"b Q+?.? '"M&? H "#M! U8? P ,A(? '+"D ,\]0 ."23T Q BFV! <? | *I! .+"G *? <? .?+SH Q AB?CKD eKG* KP eK%2! KH +F0

C#2;4 .

2. IG"b i">"@74 * e�?FD * i"(";u? H "#M! U8? P ,A(? '+"D ,\]0C#2B?CD eG* P e%2! H +.?+.

3. 2(?Fb H "#M! U8? P ,A(? '+"D ,\]0 KP eK%2! H +.?+ IG"b Q"4C#2B?CD eG*.

} (A(? AB?CD A$7r& Q?.?+ H "#M! U8? P ,A(? '+"D \]0.

Page 6: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

50

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

I&"[? ~7HSN <?»AB?CD A$7r& « *+I! +?S! 67|+F0 : J#8? IJ8»AB?CD « A3G :F| wA(? I8FJ7> A3G J#8? S=8+ * A(?»A$7r& « .+ AK(FJ7> A3KG Q"K#M! P

SP?SP»A$8o. «A(? A0< A3G Q"#M! P H .I$D .+ ,AB?CKD A$7r& :+FP FJ7> 1�.ITC7�79 :O �F%b .+ I8"4» A$7Kr& I2;7|« ,» A$7Kr& :"KJ! « *» A$7Kr& Q"K#M!

AB?CD «Y*+.?+ +F . SP I#2f! �tb? * 37�* SP I#2f! �tb? <? A$7r& SP I#2f! �tb?I! 68"/2! @72>I! 23T * ++ST * I2K(.+ SP C7H�N ,.?+SH SP I#2f! �tb? .+ H +F0

I! wA(? \]0 .?+SH I2(.+"> .+ ,CK>68SP 1K4 .+ st&? C#| S4 F=P A(?. C#8FT"�O SP C7H�N , @72> SP I#2f! �tb? .+ IKB* ,AK(? \]K0 .?+SKH SKP ~K^NS2! �8"2> * .

I! wA(? \]0 +Fb SP C7H�N A$7r& SP I#2f! �tb? WKM& �8"K2> * ."K�O KP > C#8FT-C##H ,UJP -"=> WM& +Fb P > * UJP -"=>Q CK8"P d+FKb \]K0 ,AK(? 1Kj! ."KH

C0"P }Fb.

BFV! <? A$7r& KBFV! <? :O 68"K/N "K!? AK;7> ."K2&. Q AK&SM! Q K>F=| -CK7VD *-C7VD _8 U20?+ "8O �A(?I! ?. �"b Q _K8 U2K0?+ * +SKH }F;{! A$7r& :?FN

-C7VDI$D �A;>?+ A$8o. ?. S=8+ �"b Q -CK7�79 CK#8?S& 1K�. ,i"K(";u? zKV> Q WKP"X SK7� IK2&SM! W8?o. * W8"r& IbSP +FY* ,I!+O Q"4.*"P .+ e�?FD * i">"@74

A(? ."J>? . :O IKbSP ,UK8? +FKY* "P iFKX <? IK2u * AK&SM! <? ?.1 IK! 68"K/2! CK##H

) ,IKK(F�1373� ,144( ,:"KK>O SKKh> <? w*IKKT`8Q"KK4 S4"KK�Q :O '"KK/D? * +?SKK&?"KK4, I2B"KKb+ U2KK0?+ .+"KK8 KKr& U2KK0?C>IKK! * +.?CKK> I2$7 WKK/D KKP .*"KKP KKJ>O :*CKKP :?FKKNA$7r& >?C#!-67=>? "P A0?+ Q? :O )"V! * -"Y * iSj0 * "8. Wn! QS=8+ Q"4 )"@>? ?.

+?+):"/4.(

2;>?+ I2$%b ?. A$7r& �.6KP "K8 WKr& ~KYF! H C>? IK! IK5#! I2$K%b w+FK0 FKb * LK$b KP �FPS! "8 * IP";2H? "8 ,IM7f�) ,6/BFK41385� ,77 .( ,c"K(? UK8? SKP

IT`8* <? A$7r&-FVB"P Q"4I! +?CM2(? :O P H A(? I!+O Q ,'"Kn! �S& SP wC#8FT;7> A$7r& _8 ,:+F5]P )CKD WKP"V! .+ * AK(? A$7Kr& _K8 :C7K5]P i.CKX wA

U7K/4 * wA(? A$8o. _8 z8"5]P SP I8">?FN )CD wA;7> A$8o. _8 z8"5]P .FK� * A(? A$7r& _8 15b :+SP *S& SP i.CX J$P wA;7> A$7r& _8 :C5> U7=/5b

.iFX :O ."f2D? P H A(? U8"f2! iFX ( Q?.?+ :";>? l3>'"M&? .C%! "4 I! e$2]! ."�O *+F0 : iFX

V�">I>?Fj0 iFX * Ifr� iFX ,. ) , I(F�1373 � ,108(

Page 7: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

51

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

A(? A$8o. _8 I/5b +*< J$P wA;7> A$8o. _8 15b ,WP"V! .+ .

A$8o. * A$7r& "!?I! U77MN >F=|I! "! >F=| �+F0 A$7r& ,I/5b S8+ 178FT -CK7VD P �A(? A$8o. ,I/5b +*< * A(? ,�IK0 SK4 WKr& "K8 A$7Kr& ,:FK�t&? Q

I! .+"X ?. :O H A(? Q67| 37�* +<"( CK4+ )"K@>? IPFKb KP ?. +FKb �"b Q . SK4"8 37�* :O )"@>? I8">?FN w+.?+ ?. +Fb �"b e8"�* "8 37�* Q67| A$7r& ,e8"�*

AK(? 1K5| A$7Kr& ,:CK8+ I8"K>?FN ,'"n! Q?SP wA(? 67| :O . U7K/4 KP 7fK0 �"Kf8SVN SK%u WK8o .+ S7K%> Y?Fb H -"=>O A(? -C!O 14 QSG"> �tb? }"2H .+ :F/r!

-FX ( W8"r& c"#Y?I! U77fN * k8S5N ?. I>?Fj0 * Ifr� , V�"> Q IK! * C#H CK8FT� * V�"> l3> AHSu -"TS4 -FKX *+ * CK0"P '?CK2D? KP I>?FjK0 * Ifr * I>?FjK0 Q

-FX <? Ifr� <? AK7MfN KP * CK8O CK8C9 A3D * 1$u * 1$D W8"r& C#8"/> +"7V>? V�"> Q:O S=8+ IDS& W8"r& "4) ,I(F�1373\G ,108-109 .( ,SK7b? ~K$p! KP KYFN "KP

37�* 67> l3>I! i.CX *? P H +.?+ Q? 37�* "N C5]P Kb ?. d? CK4+ )"K@>? }F . :O AB?CD �? A;7> Q67| A$7r&)� ,:"/481 .( KH A(? l3> AB"u :O ,AB?CD l9 37�* ,l3> Q?6Y? <? )?CHS4 Q?6KY? I!"K/N "KP �#4"/4 * IPFb P ?. +Fb �"b Q

I! )"@>? S=8+C#4+ . IK! +"K@8? lK3> .+ AB?CKD A$7Kr& I!"K=#4 ,U8?SP"#P KH +FK0C#0"P -C0 WG"u S=8+ W8"r& .I! }"P U8? .+ S7%> Y?FbC8FT : <? AB?CKD A$7Kr&

IK! WKG"u AK3D * AD"@K0 ,A/Ju W8"r& 1B";N * �<"/N +FK0 . I!"K=#4 U8?SP"K#PI! WG"u AB?CD A$7r& WG"u A3D * AD"@0 ,A/Ju ,S=8+ A$7r& ( H +F0

C#0"P -C0 . "KP K( SK4 * C>CK0 WKG"u AK^3D * AD"@0 ,A/Ju W8"r& J#8? <? CMP! S=8CJ8:O ~7HSN <? ,C>C0 �<"/2:O "P P"5! I2$7r& "4I! +"@8? "4 K/4 <? H +F0

W!"H)"/N * SN A(? AB?CD ,A$7r& :O * A(? SN)\G ,:"/4110*131.(

� ( SKHo �FK& +.FK! *+ .+ H IN"3G DF/@! H "#M! U8? P ,A(? '+"D ,\]0+.?+ +FY* Q* .+ ,C0.

.F! .+ ,C0 SHo �"P .+ H Q+.?F! .+ I#�"KP "K8 QS4"K� IN"jY <? AB?CD +FY* +Au"( "8 Au"( .+ ,:";>? IK! �K{P *? +FKY* <? I8"4 KH Q+SKJ8*. .+ IK2u w+SKHI! I>";>? ?. '+"D :";>? AK(? UKJ/! ,+.?+ +FKY* AB?CKD A$7Kr& *? .+ KH A;>?+

IT`8*A$7r& +?S&? ."2&. * QS4"� Q"4 i."KfD KP wCK0"P 2K0?+ i"&"#! AB?CD "P C#!

,+SJ8*. :O SP "#P ,S=8+*IT`8Q"4 S4"�Q :O '"/D? * +?S&?$bC! "4I27 U20?+ .+ "K8

r& U20?C>A$7 < ,+.?C> AB?CD?S8 4Aq7 >";3>I "/2! AB?CD68 iFX * A&SM! * WM& <?

Page 8: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

52

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

A(?)� ,:"/4144.(

.+ ,i?."Kf2D? I!"K/N �"K{B P H A(? I>";>? ,'+"D :";>? ,S7b? +SJ8*. .+ UJ7B * S4"�A(? '+"D ,I>";3> i"u"( I!"/N .+ * U�"P . ,'+"D :";>? ,S7%> Y?Fb Sh> <?

.+ KH A(? I;H +.?+ +FKY* '?CK2D? Q* eK�?FD * i�"KM3>? ,'"KM&? ,?FKX) ,:"K/4�130 .( IKT`8* SKh> <? KH A(? I;H ,IV7Vu '+"D S=8+ i."fD P ,QS4"K� Q"K4

D? *? .+ I("#5>?*. * AR7> ~;u P I>*.+ * I>"/;Y+.?+ +FY* '?C2 . IK;H ,U8?SP"#P\V> "8 \V> ,�F& E"G*? gF/@! .+ HA;7> IV7Vu '+"D ,A;4 *? .+ I8"4.

2.2 .*9FRM,7 ST/

KP AB?CD I4"T» ID"K/2Y? ZK[* « IK! -+?+ AfK;> +FK0 . .+ K>�+"D ID"K/2Y? ZK[* 2X? ,~4yK! * U8+ ,�tb? ,A7PSN * 17$MN ,-+?F>"b C#>"! g"/2Y? e$2]! Q"4+"j> ,+"K%

I! .F$fN �FVu * A("7(CP"8 . ID"K/2Y? ZK[* _K8 A3KG ,:+FKP >�+"D"> * >�+"DA("4+"j> U8? .+ �"b . -+?F>"Kb .+ ZK[* UK8? SKT? KH +FK0 23T A(? UJ/! �tn!

,CK0"P +SK! * :< U7KP FK{> U8CKP �t� Lu ST? ,'"n! Q?SP wA(? >�+"D ,C0"P .?SXSP >�+"D )"h>XSP -+?F>"b .+ Q? ,CK0"P .?SKXSP +"K%2X? +"Kj> .+ Z[* U8? ST? "8 wA(? .?S

K>�+"D Q+"K%2X? ZK[* "N C0"P F{> U8CP Z8<FN )"h> C8"P �tn! wA(? >�+"D 2K0?+ Q? AB?CKD "KN C0"P >FT :t& C8"P I4++F( Q"#f! ,.F5H Q.?CJ>"P )"h> .+ �tn! "8 w170"P

U7/4 * +F0 .?SXSP"4+"j> S=8+ +.F! .+ ,.F� ,�FKVu ,A7PSN * 17$MN C#>"! ID"/2Y? Q* d<.* ,~4y! * U8+ ,A("7( ... K>�+"D "KN ,C0"P .?SXSP C8"P ID"[*? :"#| * U7#|

C0"P . * 17K$MN ,+"%2X? ,-+?F>"b .+ Z[* :t& ST? H +F0 23T A(? UJ/! ,WP"V! .+A7PSN ...A;7> >�+"D ,C0"P .?SXSP .Z[* P ?. AB?CD �F%b U8? .+ ID"K/2Y? Q"K4

I! Af;> e$2]!174+ .z(S9 >F/> W8o Q"4z(S9 <? A(? Q?I8"4 IK! H .+ CK>?FN >�+"D +.F! �S� ID"/2Y? g"[*? :+FP zK(S9 UK8? KH +SKH KYFN C8"P w+F0 KP "K4

f>"Y /4 Q.?SXSP K>�+"D g"[*? "8 Z[* P J$P w+.?C> Sh> "4+"j> U8? .+ AB?CD Q Qj> U8? .+ IG"b+.?+ Sh> "4+":

A7PSN * 17$MN +"j> .+ K:

� > "8 A(? >�+"D ,A7PSN * 17$MN C%X P +ST"0 I>CP ~8+�N "8O

�A(? >�+"D ,:"7PS2! .+ Cu?* A7PSN * 17$MN '"/D�? "8O

+"%2X? +"j> .+ K

Page 9: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

53

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

>�+"D :"2(? :"/4 Q"4<"7> Q?SP ,.F5H :"2(? S4 IM7f� ZP"#! ESG "8O� > "8 A(?

"8O�A(? >�+"D .F5H +?S&? P S/2;! .F� P CV> 'F9 I�$f! >"74"! Q"pD?

>�+"D )"h> �A(? >F=| ,.F5H IM7f� ZP"#! <? WG"u C!O.+ Z8<FN Q

-+?F>"b +"j> .+ K:

� > "8 A(? >�+"D ,+S! P �t� Lu Q"pD? "8O

A("7( +"j> .+ K:

:";>? I("7( e7B"JN * �FVuA;7| "41�

"8O� > "8 A(? >�+"D _7N?SHF!+ A!FJu

U77MN C8"P >F=| I("7( )"h> SP 1H"u IXtb? 'FG? )"h> :O "N +F0�C0"P >�+"D ,I("7(

�FVu +"j> .+ K

I! Lu ~u"G I>"!< | <? :";>?+F02� :"!< <? "8 , 3p> +"VM>? :"!< <?A;8< \]0 :"!< <? "8 U7#Y CBFN :"!< <? "8 U7#Y QS8y9)person ( !"#

$%&'&( ")*( +,- ./ .( .0)&1 2 3&1 45*67 8+#

9:;+<=> *( ?%$*:@A% 45*67 8+# $%&'&( ")*( +,- ./ .( *B

2...

3.2 . !"#$

9CD 9;%"E FB*G».H>*1 I) JK «F> $%&'8&:G . 95% L)% &5 &( M,( 8$+> L)% $8F> .@5%$N 9;%"E 9CD .( .-+O/ .H>*1 JK .K8+# . PE 9CD Q.PH>*1 JPK $8 9;%"

?$*RE *( ST+0H>».H>*1 U%"@E% «F> !*:(8+# . .PH>*1 Q8+A $+V6> W:XC7 Y%&( L:>Z"[@>F> .:R\7 !*=-% .( %$"-8&K .!*0B !*-N &V- ]%^+' .K .-+G &O)8 &( ")*( !*=-% $8 J[E Y

.)*>2&_ Y%`1%.C:a2 QbC- Y%`1% ]% 3%"K &B 2 "-%&( Wcd QbC- &7Y PA e*PA %$ 8+ F>*P07 .PK Q9;%"PE 9f:Pg_ *P7 "6B8 3*h-% &O)8 Y%`1% F>*07 *( i6B*0B 2 F(+A .(

. .K *6H> L)"( j95% 9;%"E FfD% !*K$% ]% k:fc7 2 ld » *( .=)*[> $8 2 &O)"c) .( 9R=- &\( 8%&_%

9)+;2% 2 m+[d Q&O)"c)F> %":n F)*B9)+;2% 2 m+[d L)% Y*oE% 3+XC> .( FE*0@1% 9;%"E 2 "66K95*B.« )

$.p :.QY"0,> 1387e Q157(

! .!*0B

Page 10: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

54

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

FP> .@P5%$N U%"@E% 9f:g_ .( F-*>] `:- .H>*1 Q")N JD*d !*=-% $8 95% 9f:g_ 8+P#^"XE %$ .H>*1 F-%&0cd W:cd e*q#% .K .PC:a2 Q.PH>*1 ?*P[Rr &PO)8 2 "-+P# $%8

!N &V- &)] %$ s)+A e*A3*h-% *B "6B8 .^":[E .( .P[Rr .5 &G% !+rt_% Y Q*P0cd Y.C:a2 !%&G$*K 2 !%$%"5*n !*P:> $8 p&@P\> 8*[@E% L)% 2 "6B8 3*h-% %$ 8+A e*A Y

!N $8 %$ 9P>+cd 3*P>] "P)*( Q9P5% 9P0cd 4d*PD .Pc-N Q.K "#*( .@#%8 8+12 *BL@\)+A *) U%"@E% 9f:g_ .( ./$*uc) .H>*1 j8&:O( 958> .@5%$N Y$%8F8+#) Q`0;+B

1385e Q83.(

.\)"-% $8 FH:Rr vw2 .( 3%`@;%F> F[f7 .-+O6)% 3Z"[@> Y*0cd Y .P( .PH>*1 .PK "# %$ .PH>*1 Q?*[Rr 2 3*V- L)% ]% x2&A 2 95% FD*A ?*[Rr 2 3*V- Y%$%8 FH:Rr $+r

F( .(F> m+5 F@;%"E"B8 . .)*P5 $8 .PK 95% .H>*1 $8 FfK FfD% Q9;%"E &PB Q!N Y bK $*PK $8 2 8+P# U+y\> Q95% z8%"H@5% 2 9H:Rr l_%+> .K $*K I) .( *X67 ")*(

"6c- 9;*A8 !%&O)8) QFPCo;1380x Q2Q e875 .( 3*PV- .P1%+A &PV- ]% WPV- QIPf0;%.PPh:@- $8 FE*PP0@1%.PP(*1 Y $+PPy{ 2 82"PPd L@PP_$ L:PP( ]% 2 ?*PP[Rr 2 |*6PPD% F)*PP1

$*P/ j9P5% ^"P# FB*R7 z+q@58 Q!*G$`( 2 !*O)*>2&_ .fP=f5 }PCd `P1 9P=:- Y%^~PP)2 vPPw%+> 2 9PP:fB% 9PP)*E$ 2 4PP7%&>Y 8%&PP_%)QF0a*PPK1377e Q277 .( QL)%&(*PP6(

Ffy# I) ?$2&w &( 9;%"E }Cd 9X1 .1%+A 2 ^8&PK "P:K�7 �*P0@1% 8*PdN !8+(!N .( !8%8 Jy# I) ]% s:(F> 9;%"E k;*q> %$ *B "-%8) QIPf0;% 3*V- .1%+A1380 Q

e198 .($ Lq5 L:0B &:V-.\)"-% $8 % &:P�- .1%+A Y*B) QFP5+r1373e Q286 ( 2 F(%$*_) QF(%$*_1376�D Q218-219 (F> `:-.;*r% ]% `:B&n 9X1 .K W:6:( ]% 3tPK Y!N &K�F> Y$%88+A *BW:6K.

% (&'()* +,-!. /0 &'()* 1232" 4 $2.

!*0B3*X(% Q"# .@CG .K .-+G PX> $*:P=( $+>% ]% 9;%"E 3+XC> ]% F)%8] $8 F7*>Z"P[> 2 W95% 9;%"E �*( .!*=-% &�K% Y8+X# p$8 8+12 *( 3+XC> 9;%"E 3+XC> Q9;%"E ]% *B

�>*� ]% Fc) 2 9=:- F6#2$ !%"6/95% F5*5% W:B*C> L)&7$%+#8 2 L)&7 . ]% FPc) 9;%"E |+D+> .( .1+7 QY$%+#8 2 �+0� L)% v_$ 9X1 F7*>Z"[> 2 WX> $*:=( $+>%

95% 9;%"E k)&H7 $8. ?%8+1+> ]% FD*A �%+-% *) �+- 9CD Q9;%"E Y+c:- 9CDF> $%&'F> k)&H7 9;%"E Q!N �*5% &( 2 8&:G8+# . FPG~)2 2 |+D+> .( .1+7 Y*PB

^%$ 2 k)&H7 .( .1+7 2 |&r I) ]% !N FP> Qkf@q> ?%8+1+> .( !N lfH7 Y*B "P-%+7FG":�:n ]% Y8*)] "d *7"B*c( 9;%"E Y*B .�*( L)% $8 2*K2"6K FP5$&( 2 .PH;*o> 2

Page 11: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

55

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

FG~)2 |+PD+> .P( 9;%"PE k)&H7 I) lfH7 FO-+O/ *) 9;%"E |+D+> I) Y*B 2 v>*P1 QlP:'8 ?*P[:[,7 .P( ]*P:- 2 "Ph6O( .;*[> I) "d $8 .K 9=:- Y`:/ QFD*A

8$%8 J�C> . |+PD+> .( .1+7 32`; ?*)$2&w ]% "6/ F7*)$2&w !*:( .( �[_ *h6)% $8> *C@K% 9;%"E k)&H7 $8 9;%"EFF> FH5 2 8+#U*�> &K� *( 8+#?$2&w F)*B Y*PB

88&G L::R7 !N .

1 .5(6#7" 8/(-9-4

»?%2*=> «k)&H7 ]% Fc)95% 9;%"E $+X\> 2 WX> Y*B .W)"' ]% *G"P)8 Q3*)�% F)*PBF> &:=C7 ?%2*=> .( %$ 9;%"E .K .@#%8 8+12 FP> 2 8&K 8*Ph)% FP6H) Q9;%"PE "P6@CG

?%2*=> . J�*=> ]% Fc) 2&PG *P) 8&P_ 9;%"PE kP)&H7 $8 .P1+7 J(*' |+PD+> !8+P(F> l�fH7 8&_ .( ?*CD ]% FA&( j95% 9;%"E 8&P_ IP) ]% s:P( .P( FA&( 2 "-&:G . $8

F> �&r s5&n L)% Q*h6)%F> *)N .K 8+# *P)N 8%8 Y�&P=7 vP01 .P( %$ 8&_ ?*CD !%+7F>( Md*R> ]% .f<=> L)% 8%8 Y�&=7 8&_ .( %$ v01 ?*CD !%+7 !*P=-% WX> $*:= FP5*6#

8&K .1+7 !N .( 9;%"E k)&H7 $8 ")*( .K 95% . ?*CD .@58 !N ]% ?%2*=> 2 Y&(%&(F0- l�fH7 8&_ .( 2 95% ^2&G *) v01 .\:0B s[�fH@> .K 95%8&:G . *P7 &PO)8 &P:RH7 .(

!*Pc>% ?%2*P=> Q"P#*( .@P#%"- 8+P12 !*P=-% 28 J'%T kPD2 L)%&(*P6( 2 j9P=:- &)�Pn% Q?%2*=> FP> lPfH7 8&P_ IP) ]% s:P( .P( .K 95% ?*CD .@58 !N ] 8&P:G . Y$%&P'&(

!*=-% L:( |&D ?%2*=>s:n L)% Y*6R> &( Q*B IP) $%2%`P5 !*PO0B .PK F'tA% �&_ .P0B $8 Q"-"d%2 `:/Y 9P=:- F6@_&)�Pn Q�)%&P# 2 8$%+P>. .@P5%+A Q*PB]*:- %&P)] Q*PB

m*[,@5%9:f(*' Q*B!*=-% $8 Y&O)8 `:/&B 2 *B*B !N L:( ?2*C7 ME*( .K FP> *B Q8+P#95% ?2*C@> .?%2*=> ]% .K F-*=K S*R;*� 2$ L)% ]%F> Lq5 FRfr Y&PO)8 JD% "6)+G

Y&(%&( 3*- .( %$"-$%8 &V- $8 FB%+A . $*P@_$ &(%&( $+r .( ")*( Q&(%&( 8%&_% *( .K *6H> L)% .( W:P6K $*@_$ &(%&(*- $+r .( ")*( Q&(%&(*- 8%&_% *( 2 8&K. .PK 9P5% LP)% FfPD% LqP5 bPnF> L::H7 .-+O/ 2 9=:/ 8%&_% Y&(%&(*- Y*B$*:H>"-+# . *Ph6)% ]% S*PR)&[7 FfD% |t@A%

F> �2&#!*X1 �*5% &( L)&cC@> 2 8+#!*=-% QF6:(^$*($8 .K FfK ^*G")8 2 F5*6# Y^8&K .�%$% e+�A L)% $8 F72*C@> ?%&V- 2 �%$N "-$%8 9;%"E"-% . PO)8 ?$*PRE .P( Q&

&(%&(*P- $+Pr .P( Q&(%&(*P- 8%&P_% *( 2 &(%&( $+r .( Q&(%&( 8%&_% *( ")*( .K 9;%"E ]% F[f7 L)%.\)"-% 8$+> $8 Q$2*( L)% 2 95% !*O0B m*_2 8$+> S*R)&[7 Q8&K $*@_$ 3Z"[@> Y*0cd Y

!N .KY&(%&( k;*q> *B95% ")8&7 8$+> Q"-8+( FB%+A . .P)*n &P( *P6( WPB !*-N JPD% Y Y$+D9;%"E :» e*qP#% *() 2&PG *P) *PB ( .PK LP)% &PO> 8&PK $*P@_$ !*P=c) .P( "P)*(

Page 12: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

56

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

?2*C7 !N L:( F)*B 9P5% �+P(&> 2 *Ph( FP'tA% MP:d ]% .K "#*( *B«) Q`0;+PB1385 Qe311 (!*0B Lc:; j"-8+( Y&(%&( !*B%+A Y&P7&( Y*PB$*:H> Q"P# .@CG &@\:n .K .-+G

?2*PC7 .P/ .Pc6)% 9X1 ]% Q!*-N 8`- $8 ]% F)*PB Q9P5% �+P(&> 2 *Ph( FP'tA% MP:d95% ^8+( ?2*C@> .!*=-% Y&7&( $*:H>.\)"-% $8 *B J)*Pg_ �*P5% &P( 3Z"[@> Y*0cd Y

!N8+( *B . W:P=[7 !%&G$*PK 2 !%$%"P5*n Q!*-%&0cd "6-*> F7*[Rr .( !*\)% &V- ]% .H>*1F>.C:a2 I) &B .K "#"6@#%8 z28 &( FD*A Y ..\)"-% !*X1 FR7%&> .f=f5 Y &( .K

F;*E QF-t[E ?*:d 2 J[E Q!N �*5% $+P>% 2 95% 8+12 47%&> .f=f5 $8 .R7&> L)&7 "-*P\- 9P58 2 38*A L:)*n 47%&> $8 &O)8 JP[E Y .PH>*1 Q"P-% 2 &P7%&_ ?*P[Rr .P( %$

F> W:=[7 Y&72&_8&K .F0- !*:-*-+) Y*n .( Ff[E M:d ]% !*G8&( QU*�> Y%&( 2 "-":P5$L:0B9R=- !*-] $+r !%8&> .( . !N *P( &(%&(*- $*@_$ QL)%&(*6( �+P=,> .P-T8*E St>*PK *PBF>"# .Y&(%&(*- L:6/.\)"-% $8 F)*BF( L:E ]2&>% Y FP> F[f7 F@;%"E 8+P# . *P( l(*Po>

"P)"n %$ vP>%+1 Qs)+PA ?*RP5*6> 2 ?t>*PH7 lP)&r ]% !*P>8&> Q�&P� "P)"1 &cC7F> "-$2N .!N k:;*c7W:VE QJK L)% .( 9R=- *BF> F#*- Y8%8$%&' ?%":X07 ]% &7 8+#

^$*n Q!N 41+> .( .KF> $%�G%2 v01 .( %$ s)+A m+[d ]% Y% "P66K) e Q!*P0B94( j.\)"-% |tA&( 2Y 9=:- !*X1 FR7%&> .f=f5 3*V- ]% F-"\-%"1 F�`1 Q*>"'.

.\)"-% QU*d &B $8?%2*=> Y.)*n &( FRfrY&(%&( Y WPX> k)$*PH7 ]% FPc) QFB%+PA"E F6H) Q9;%"E |+D+> .5 &B $8 .K 95% 9;%»!*=-% « $8 $%8&PK 2 $*@_$ 9d*5 $8

Q!%&O)8 *( �*R7$%»FE*0@1% vw2 « !*P0:n Q*PB8%8$%&' W:PV67 QL:-%+P' vw2 $8 .P>*- 2 *PB $*g> 2 v_*6> v)]+7 2 F5$8%8 Jd%&>)FH)]+7 9;%"E (F> %":n m%"�>"6K .

2 .:; 4 :; 8#<*(/(0

WX> ]% Fc))&7 Q"#*( `:- LB� .( *6H> L)&7$8*R@> ")*# .K Q9;%"E F-*H> L» .( ld !8%8ld $%8 «95% . ?%2*P=> k)&H7 *( 9;%"E ]% k)&H7 L)% $8 Q!N lPfo> Y*P6H> .P( FPRfr

95% J(*[7 . 95% L)% 9;%"E FfD% �&# Qk)&H7 L)% �*5% &(» "P)*( %$ FP=K &PB ld8&K %8%. «)e Q!*0B314 .(?%2*=> |tA &( PRfr FP> FP#&O- L:P6/ QF W:P=[7 "P)+G.-%&(%&( Q9P5% F=K ld .�-N *=( ./ %&)] Q"#*( .-T8*E*- FB*G 95% Lc0> Q*B`:/ Y

j8+P# $*P@_$ &P(%&( FfcP# .( .0B *( .K 9=:- !N 9;%"E �&# 2 "#*R- &O)8 F=K ld 8+P# $*P@_$ &P(%&( FfcP# .( &(%&( 8%&_% *( ")*( .cf( . Q9;%"PE ]% kP)&H7 LP)% ST+P0H> $8

^"6B8 J:c\7 Y*B8*X- 2 .H>*1 $*@A*5F> %":n m%"�> !N Y 9;%"PE .P( !N ]% .K "6KF> &:RH7 FH)]+78+# . Y*B"P>N$8 2 ?%&P:A W:P=[7 $8 .Pc6)% FP6H) QFH)]+P7 9;%"PE

Page 13: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

57

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

2 ?%&P:A !N $8 .PK FP[d !%`P:> .P( FP=K &PB .P( 2 8&K $*@_$ 9;%"E .( ")*( �*0@1%8+# ^8%8 WX5 Q8$%8 *B">N$8 . &7$+XP\> &P:RH7 .P( *P) v_*P6> &P( ^2tE FE*0@1% &B .@R;%

!N QFH)]+7 9;%"E &( *6( .K 9=B WB Y$*g> Y%$%8 ?%&:A L:P( lPd .P( "P)*( QWB *B8+# W:=[7 �*0@1% 8%&_% .

lPd .( ld !8%8 Q&O)8 8$+> 9d*P5 $8 $%8» .@P5%+A !*P=-% Y*PB« 9P5% . F>*PO6B.@5%+A 9R=- .K 95% .-T8*E !*=-% Y*B "P#*( ld Y%$%8 Q.@5%+A !N .( . Q!*P=-% &PG%

.@5%+A Q8$%"- ld !N .( 9R=- .K "B%+q( %$ Y`:/ 9P5% .P-T8*E*- z% . .P( 9RP=- *P>.0B.@5%+A 2 W)$%"- ld Q8$%8 8+12 9H:Rr $8 .�-N Y!N .( 9R=- *> Y*B .P-T8*E *B

.@5%+A F@'2 �[_ j9=:-d *B`:/ !N .( 9R=- .K 95% .-T8*E *> Y*BW:#*( .@#%8 l .

.XR# 8$%+> ]% Fc)ld .( ld Y*oE% p*- LP)% &( FA&( j95% F5$8%8 3*V- $8 Q$%8^+' $*K .K "6-*0G lPd .( ld �!8%8 QFw*' 2 ^*G8%8 Q.:�*g' Y ?$*PRE .P( 2 9P5% $%8

&@X(»F)*g' 9;%"E « F6H)»ld .( ld !8%8$%8«.)2$ L:6/ QF5$8%8 3*V- $8 *)N *>% j Y%Wcd>&_.C:a2 QFw*' 2 95* ld .( %$ ld .K 8$%8 .K 8%"- �:q\7 &G% 2 "B"( $%8

95% ^"# *oA $*/8 9=:K *( ld

FK*P\@> 2 FK*# �[_ 2 jW;*E 28 L:( 95% FfB*1 QFw*' .K 95% !N 9:H'%2 .P6EF>9=:K *( ld .K "6-%8 .F> �+1$ F=K .( �%`- |&r 28 %&/ bnF0- .K "66K "P-%8

9=:K *( ld

8 9P5% L)% QF)*g' m+[d $8 FfD% M,R> .K 9CG ")*( m+_ 4fo> �:w+7 3*[> $F0- .H>*1 .K FO@P=R0B j"P# "B%+A FO@==G WB ]% $*/8 2 "#*( $%&'&( �%`- *( "-%+7

.,;*�> 2 F@#N &{% &( FE*0@1%F> 8+12 .( 8%&_% L:( Y")N . *P( "6@=-%+@- |&r 28 &G%F> .0c,> .( Q"66K �fD &O)"c)2$ %$ �%`P- +P,- L)&P@X( .P( "P)*( Fw*' *h-N $8 2 "-

"B8 !*)*n) QFCh-1386x Q40e Q8 .( .P( lPd !8%8 F6H> .( Q*h6)% $8 F)*g' 9;%"Eld 28 L:P( .0D*q> p&7 ME*( Q?$+D L)&@X( .( .K 95*6H> L)% .( .cf( j9=:- $%8

8+# |&r . % L:-%+P' 2 �%8N QFPw*' .K 95% !N Q?$+D L)&@X( ]% $+V6> %$ *Pg' &P>"6K 9)*E$ ..@CG J:;8 L:0B .( FPH'%2 lPd .PK 9P=:- !N .P( *Pg' &P>% $8 *oA .K "-%

+:P# $8 L:-%+P' 2 �%8N 9P5% !N .P( .Pcf( Q8+\- ^8%8 2% .( F=K 9P)*E$ ?2*Pg' Y "-8&O-) Q!*:C5+)1377�D Q254-256.(

3 .02= >?2" /0 8@AB-C D0(0/(-9

s:n5% L)% Q9;%"E ]% k)&H7 L)% �&_ j8$%8 FPH:Rr vPw2 Q!*PX1 $8 `:/ .0B .K 9

Page 14: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

58

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

!N &G% QL)%&(*6( 8&PK $*P@_$ 9;%"PE .( QW)$%�O( 8+A FH:Rr Y*1 $8 %$ *B &PG% 2 WP)%!N^8&c- $*@_$ 9;%"E .( W)$%�O- 8+A FH:Rr Y*1 $8 %$ *BW)% .s:n L)% ?*PR{% Q�&_

9=:- WB �*_8 J(*' 2 ^"\- . _ ]% .P@_&G&( Q�*:P#% FPH:Rr Y*P1 ��&_ F)+oP5$% IP)`:95% . IP) *P( &PG% 2 8$%8 FPH:Rr Y*P1 IP) W;*PE $8 Y`P:/&B .K 8+( "[@H> +o5$%

8+PA U2% Y*P1 .P( .PK 8$%8 JP:> S*@H:Rr QW)8&K %"1 8+A Y*1 ]% %$ !N QY&=' Y2&:- FP> ]*( 8+A U2% Y*1 .( W)8&K �*7&n T*( .( %$ FO65 &G% t�> j88&G]*( !+P/ 88&PG

=:- T*( i65 FH:Rr Y*1 .PVC,> z+n&P5 &G% *) j9 Q8$%8 $%&P' !N $8 828 .PK %$ Y%F> T*( |&r .( W)$%8&( 4:7&7 L:0B .( 2 j95T*( 828 FH:Rr Y*1 !+/ 82$...

LP)% ]% 2 8%8 Y�&=7 F-*=-% �(%2$ W;*E .( %$ FH:Rr �(%2$ W;*E Q+o5$% .P-T8*E Q2$-

FH:Rr Y*6H> .( %$ *B`:/ !8+(!N !8+(9=-%8 *B . ]% e*qP#% *P( .P-T8*E $*P@_$ 2% &PV-!N FH:Rr 9R7&> 2 3*[> *( 45*6> .K 95*6H> L)% .( ?2*C@> 8+P# $*@_$ *B . !+P/ bPn

*P( &(%&(*P- $*P@_$ Q"P-&(%&(*- !%"-2&XP# &O)8 2 !*K8+K Q!*-] Q!*G8&( .H>*1 9H:Rr $8!N 95% 9;%"E L:E *B) Q.)&:\(1382e Q20.(

.K "# 9(*{ QF67+:- I:-*c> $8 Y*1 `:/ �:B 2 95*oA Q�*:#% FH:Rr Y*1 �&_.(�*1 9fE .( Q8+A Y*1 $8 �*:#% L@_&G 3%$N 2 8$%"- FH:Rr95% L:>] Y . *P( +oP5$%

FP6H> .P( 9;%"PE .PK 9_&G .h:@- F-*=-% W;*E .( *oA !N Y�&=7 2 FH:Rr W;*E $8 *oA95% 8+A Y*1 $8 `:/&B !8%8 $%&' .

+- .c-N L0w QM,( L)% !*)*n $8 FPA&( $8 %$ m+P_ k)&H7 !8%8 *6H> U*0@d% ^"6=)|+D+>F0- FC- 9;%"E Y*B FP> m+P_ kP)&H7 .PK 9P5% $2*P( L)% &( Q"6K $8 "P-%+7

"#*( .@#%8 m%"�> !*=-% ?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E Q?*5*=d% 9d*5 . F-*P=-% QU8*PE !*P=-% !*P\- z8+PA vw+> $8 2 "6K U&@6K %$ 8+A ?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E Q?*5*=d% .K 95%

"B8 . Q!*)*6P#N Q!*@P528 Q8+PA L)"P;%2 Qs-%"P-]&_ Q8+PA &P=0B .P( 9RP=- F=K &B2 !%$*c0B ...8$%8 FD*A ?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E Q?*5*=d% . !N .PK 9P5% FP=K QU8*PE

m+P\H> *P) &P=0B .P( 9R=- .K %$ F-*h:B 2 .Cr*E Q�*=d% *P) +hP\-%8 *P( 8$%8 8+PA 2 .Cr*E Q�*=d% !N *) j"#*( .@#%"- 8+A $*c0B 8+PA L)"P;%2 .( 9R=- .K %$ F-*h:B

!N IP#`n IP) *) j"#*( .@#%"- $*K J,> $8 8+A m+_*> 3*[> *) &=0B .( 9R=- Q8$%8 2 "P#*( .@P#%"- !%&PO)8 *( 8$%8 8+A $*0:( .( 9R=- .K %$ F-*h:B 2 .Cr*E Q�*=d% . ...

.-T8*E QL)%&(*6(|&r .( .K 95% F>*O6B Q?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E Q?*5*=d% !8+( JP(*[>8&:O( lfH7 s-�# $*R@E% .( .

Page 15: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

59

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

4 .EF6 G); &,#*/

9;%"E k)$*H7 ]% Fc)»�52 "d 9)*E$ «.[(*5 Fq)$*7 &V- ]% .K 95% !*>] .( !N YF>&( +o5$%88&G ..[o6> $8 %$ 9;%"E Q+o5$%s\K Y Y*P6H> .P( F-*=-% ?t)*07 2 *B

8%8 z&@=G &O)8 lr*6> .( %$ !N bu5 2 9_&G �52 "d . .(^":[E .P)*n Q+o5$% Y Y .K 95% $%+@5% 9:H'%2 L)% &( .)&V- L)% 95$8» Y%+P' ]% IP) &PB ]2*Ph7 v-*> Q!*=-%

8+P# &PO)8 Y%+' 9:;*H_ 2&0f' .( 8+A.«) x Q�&P@u0G3 Q1492 .( .PK �+Pw+> LP)% .P(F0- F)*X- �5*n Q8`)&O( &oA $%"[> ./ ]% 2 "#*( ?�; $%"[> ./ !*B%+A QF>8N !%+P7

8%8 .0B $8.8$%8 8+12 !*�[- 2 ?8*)] Q8$%+> L)% Y . ]% s:P( F-*0P=1 ?��P; L@P=1F> FO@q:=G 3*O; %$ U%"@E% Z"d 8+P0A %$ U%"@E% "d ]% &@0K $%"[> .( 9E*6' 2 W:>*- .

F> �52 "d .( �)&C7 2 �%&_% !*:> .K 95% F=K 9;*d QI:- 9;*d U%"P@E% 2 ")%&GF> ^*O- %$ 8$%8 )!*0B.(

&H7 S*H'%2 &G% F-*P=-% �q# �[_ Q!N |+D+> Q"#*( �52 Z"d 9)*E$ Q9;%"E k) 8$%8 F7tc\> `:- .[o6> L)% $8 "6/&B j95%) �PD Q!*0B1478-1477 ( z&@P=G 2

|+D+> .( !N 28 L:P( �%`P- $8 &PG% St�P> j9P5% ^*R@P#% FE*0@1% �*w2% 2 .H>*1 Y*B Y&O)8 ]% ")+O( Fc) Q|&r3000 JP(*[> |&Pr 2 9P5% $*PcRfr !*P>+7 .PK "P)+O(

�[_1000 LP)% �P52 "d 9#%"B*O- Y*6H> .( 9;%"E 9)*E$ *)N Q95% $*cB"( !*>+7 $*cB"( .K "6c( Wcd Fw*' .K 95%2000 "B"( $*cRfr .( !*>+7

.)&V- �=( |+PD+> .P( �P52 "d Y*6H> .( 9;%"E Y 2 .PH>*1 FP�q# &P:� Y*PB!*0B 8$%8 Y8*)] ?*>*X(% 2 ?tc\> QFE*0@1% �*w2%.-+G .P)&V- +oP5$% F@'2 .K Y

.[o6> .( %$ 8+A �52 Z"d.)&V- Q8%8 z&@=G FH)]+7 9;%"E Y Y8*P)] ?*>*X(% *( 2% Y !N �P52 Z"d 9;%"E *7 8$%"- 8+12 Z"d 28 Q.H>*1 $8 9;%"E Y%&( %&)] j"# 2&(2$ *PB

F( 2 �&7 !*:> �52 Z"d Q9E*h# .K .-+O-*0B j"#*( !*P:> �52 "d QU%"@E% *) FK*(^&# 95% ?+X# 8+0A 2 . 9P5% WPfa Q8$%8 JP(*[7 9;%"PE *( .K Y`:/ .-*O)) Q!*P0Be1491 .(F> !*E�% +o5$% QJ:;8 L:0B .( .K "6K»!%"( *h6)% $8 �52 Z"d $8 .K !*5

9=:- &R@H> Q8$%8 $*R@E% &O)8 J)*g_ 8$+>...«)e Q!*0B1492.(

5 .H0#!.

.( 9;%"E k)&H7»U8*H7 «9:0K $+>% $8 2 &)�n 9P:C:K Y8%$% !+P/ 2 8$%8 *P6H> &)�Pn &P>] $8 Q9P5% x$*A !*=-% ?$"' ]% 2 9=:- FP0- �+P=,> FP'tA% $+P>% Y 2 8+P#

Page 16: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

60

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

95% x$*A .;*[> L)% Md*R> ]% L)%&(*6(.

6 .H()I*(

.-*:> Y*6H> .( U%"@E%95% �52 Z"d �+- I) Q!*=-% F-2$8 ?T*d $8 Y2$ .!*0B $+r.@CG .K"-% :» 9;*d QI:- 9;*d �P52 Z"Pd .P( �)&PC7 2 �%&P_% !*P:> .PK 9P5% F=K

F> F> ^*O- %$ U%"@E% 2 ")%&G8$%8.«)e Q!*0B1492 (F> .@CG F@'2 %&)] 9E*h# 8+# FP-2$8 U*Pd 28 !*:> F-2$8 U*d I) L@#%8 $+V6> Q95% $Z+X7 2 LR1 !*:> �52 Z"d

95% &O)8.

.-*:> ]% $+V6> FB*G Lc:;% Y2$"6K 2 Y2$"67 J(*[> $8 Y2$95 . Q&O)8 ?$*RE .(F> .@CG F@'2.-*:> �q# !t_ 8+#F0- Y2$"6K 2 Y2$"67 F6H) 95% 2$"6K . $*PX/

Y+A $8 �52 Z"d 9;%"E 2 9CE Q9E*h# Q90cd 9f:g_ 9P5% FP>8N F-2$8 Y*B.-*:> 2 95% F-2&:( $*@_$ 28 QY2$"6K 2 Y2$"67 *>% $8 9P5% FP-2&:( $*P@_$ I) Y2$

7 F-2&:( $*@_$ 28 !*:>Y2$"6K 2 Y2$"6 . FP> s:n *h6)% $8 .K FG$`( 3*X(% LP)% Q"P)NF> L::H7 .-+O/ !N Z"d 2 ./ F6H) Y2$"6K 2 Y2$"67 .K 95% .P( sP5&n L)% 8+#

.-*:> 8$+> $8 F;2% l)&r95% �&o> `:- Y2$ ..-*:> L::H7 .-+O/ !N Z"d 2 9=:/ Y2$F>.h:@- 8+#F> .@_&G M,( L)% ]% .K Y%% L)% Q8+#.-*:> &G% .K 95.0B $8 Y2$Y

^")"6=n `:/ �)%&# 2 U%+d%.0B $8 Y2$"6K 2 Y2$"67 Q95% Y% �)%&P# 2 U%+Pd% Y95% 3+>�> !.h:@- L:6/ |$*H@> U%+d% 2 L)%&' Lc:;F0- 9(*{ %$ Y%"6K.

7 .J-AK3 D#C#LM -4 D),N/2O /(-3( 6 J-APQ D#C#LM N( @AC-R

2 ^&:RK !*B*6G ]% `:B&nF�`1 k)&H7 Q^&:yD !*B*6G &( !")]$+- $%&D% 9;%"E ]% Y&7F> %":n 9:E+w+> F>t5% i6B&_ $8 .K 95%"6K . !*P=-% JPH_ .P( %$ 9;%"PE Q.[_ $8

F> 9R=-F> .@CG 2 "6B8 2 "#+u( W\/ &�*RK .( �*c7$% ]% !*=-% F6H) 9;%"E .K 8+#"#*( .@#%"- &�*yD �*c7$% &( $%&D% .)&H7 L)% |+D+> &P( 2 9P5% F-*P=-% �q# QkF0- mtr% FE*0@1% vw2 2 .H>*188&G .F> *h6)% $8 .K FfD% s5&n 28 �&Pr "P-%+7

.P-*G$*X/ ?*Pr*R7$% 2 9d*P5 3%"PK $8 �&P# LP)% ST2% .PK 9P5% L)% 8+# FP>8N Y 2 3]T �&# Q&�*yD &( !")]$+- $%&D% 2 &�*RK ]% `:B&n *)N .c6)% &O)8 2 8$%8 m%"�>

Y%&( F_*K .P- *P) 9P=:- F_*PK �&# 2 95% 3]T �&# �[_ *) 95% �q# 9;%"E 95% F_*K �&# .- 2 95% 3]T �&#

�*R7$% $*X/ Y%$%8 !*=-% Q.c-N �:w+7 : *P( �*R7$% Q8+A *( �*R7$% Q"-2%"A *( �*R7$%

Page 17: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

61

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

!*=-% 9P5% !+P>%&:n !*X1 *( �*R7$% 2 &O)8 Y*B . .P�-*6/ Q&P>% LP)% L@_&PG &PV- $8 *P(> |+D+> 3%"PK $8 9;%"PE kP)&H7 .K 8&K .1+7 ")*( Q"#*( �q# 9;%"E &V- 8$+

.-*G$*X/ ?*r*R7$% ]% I)F> 2% Y $8 .PK e*A k)&H7 I) 95% Lc0> %&)] j"h6G !*P=-% *P) z8+A *( !*=-% �*R7$% $8 Q8$%8 *6H> %"A *( !*=-% �*R7$% !*PX1 2 &PO)8 Y*PB

F( !+>%&:n &H7 IP) 4P:7&7 L:0B .( 2 j"#*( *6H> $8 .PK 9;%"PE ]% &PO)8 e*PA kP)!*=-% *( !*=-% �*R7$% *P) 8+PA *P) Q"P-2%"A *( �*R7$% $8 95% Lc0> 8$%8 *6H> &O)8 Y*BF( Q!+>%&:n !*X1"#*( *6H> .�*R7$% $8 &>% L:0B8$%8 m%"�> `:- !*=-% &O)8 Y*B .

�toD% .c6)% L@_&G &V- $8 *(»^*6G « *P=-% �*PR7$% $8 2 FP6)8 95% FdtoD% *P( !F> *)N Q95% �&o> %"A�*R7$% $8 %$ k)&H7 L)% 8+# 8&P( $*PK .( `:- !*=-% &O)8 Y*B

9CD 28»^&:RK « 2 »^&:yD « 9P5%"A *P( !*=-% �*R7$% ^*6G 2 "6@=B ^*6G 9CD 28 . *P(F> �&o> !+6K% .K F\5&n Qm+_ ?*c- L@_&G &V- $8 FP> *P)N .K 95% L)% 8+# !%+P7

9;%"E ]% e*A k)&H7 L)% LP)% 9P[:[d 8&P( $*PK .P( !*P=-% ?*r*R7$% &O)8 Y%&( %$.0B $8 Q9f:g_ I) !%+6E .( 9;%"E .K 95%!*=-% Y `:B&n QL)%&(*6( 2 95% �&o> *B

FP> *P)N *>% j95% !*=-% J�*g_ ]% Fc) Q&�*yD &( !")]$+- $%&D% 2 &�*RK ]% %$ !N !%+P7.0B !8+( U8*E F_*K2 3]T �&#!*=-% Y.0B $8 *B 9:HPw2 2 J�*P\> Y e*PA Y*PB

F> *)N St�> 9=-%89CG !%+7 : IP) .P( 9PE*01 3*P>% 2 FPw*' Q"B*# $8 U"E 9CDU8*E Y%&( FG~)2 L:0B 2 95*6H>F> 9)*CK m+_ e*q#% !8+( &O)8 ?$*RE .( "6K

.P0B $8 9;%"PE 2 9P5% !*P=c) 9E*01 3*>% 2 "B*# 2 Fw*' �)%&# 2 k)*a2 *)N Y!N 3"E F6H> .( *B &�*yD &( $%&D% 3"E 2 &�*RK �*c7$%) x QFPfd4 �PD Q114-115 (

FC6> ?$+D $8 95%FG~)2 ./ $+(`> 8%&_% Q&:A% �5*n !8+( .@#%8 ")*( Y&O)8 Y*B!N !%+@( *7 "6#*( ":>*- U8*E %$ *B

F> &V- .( Y%&P( F_*PK �&# Q&�*yD &( $%&D% 3"E 2 &�*RK �*c7$% 3"E |&D "5$- m+_ e*q#% 9;%"EFG~)2 2 "#*R95% 3]T `:- Y&O)8 Y*B . 2 FPw*' .c-N �:w+7

`P:- 8+PA !+P>%&:n !*X1 2 !%&O)8 *( "-2%"A &( ^2tE Q?8*X# 2 ?2*g' &>% $8 "B*#FG~)2 .( L)%&(*6( 2 "6r*R7$% $8 .PK &PC- "P6/ &PG% St�P> j"P-$%8 ]*P:- `P:- Y&PO)8 Y*B

F0- ^&:RK 4c7&> Q"-$%"- ^&:yD .( $%&D% 2 "-+#.6,D I) "B*# .0B Q"6#*( 3&1 YF0- z$%`G %$ .6,D !N Q+,- I) .( 3"PE QFP#+B`:7 Q?&:P�( &P:V- Ff>%+PE 2 "66K

.6,D z$%`G FO-+O/ $8 ^&:� 2 �&7 2 WB+7 .f:P52 .P( 3&1 Y!N Y $%�PG&:{�7 *PB95% .

Page 18: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

62

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

3]T �&# 8$+> $8 *>% 9;%"PE Y%&( &�*yD &( $%&D% 3"E 2 &�*RK �*c7$% 3"E !8+(% m&P_ IP) &PB $8 !*PB*6G 9P:0B% ?"P# Q&P>% vP'%2 $8 .PK 9CG ")*( Qm+_ e*q#

F> .@P=)&O- WP\/ IP) .P( k)&H7 L)% $8 ^&:yD 2 ^&:RK !*B*6G F>*07 .( ")*R- 2 "6K8+# . `:B&n &�*RK F>*07 ]% 2 "#*( Y"[@H> $*:=( 8&_ Q"B*# 95% Lc0> St�> $8 2 "P6K

E$ %$ `:B&n 9)*X- Q&�*yD ]% �*6@1% .@P#%8 F)+O�2$8 4:E I) �[_ Lc:; j"6K 9)*F> *)N U*d j"#*( 2 9P5% p"-% Q!*B*6G W:VE J:A J(*[> $8 ^*6G I) .K 9CG !%+7

FP0- .@_&G Y`:/ .( Q&P>% vP'%2 8$%"P- F-+-*P' vP6> 8&P_ LP)% ?8*XP# L)%&(*P6( 2 8+P#L)% .P:[( ]% "P6/ &PB 9P=:- .@_&)�n +O�2$8 8&_ ?8*X# 2 9=:- .-+G PB*6G Y %�&PR> !*"#*( .F> &V- .( Qm+_ 4;*o> .( .1+7 *( .P( 9P5% !*=-% 9CD .K F@;%"E ")*R- .K "5$

.PK FH'%+P> $8 L)%&(*P6( 2 8+P# �PfA Q8$%8 F'+P[d Y*6H> .K F@;%"E *( s;*H_% $*R@E% &PV- $8 *P( &�*yPD &P( !"P)]$+- $%&PD% 2 &�*PRK ]% �*6@1% Q8$%8 F'+[d 3+XC> 9;%"E

`:> 2 9:0B% L@_&G 3]T �&P# &PV- 8$+P> e*PA 8&P_ $8 e*A !*B*6G FA&( &:{�7 !%9=:- F_*K �&# Lc:; j9=B 9;%"E.

SAIO8-AM

WX> ]% Fc) FP( $8 $%�PG&:{�7 JP>%+E L)&7 !N kP)&H7 $8 FG"P:�:n 2 3*PX(% QF@;%"PE^]%"-% .( 2 "#*( WXR> .K Y`:/ &B j95% WPB �+PA Q"P#*( ^"\- ^8%8 �:w+7 F_*K Y

F0- %&1%+#8 . 3*PX(% $8 &{�P> $*:P=( JP>%+E ]% FPc) .P( .P1+7 9;%"PE kP)&H7 FP)%8] 9P5% e*PA |+PD+> .P( kP)&H7 IP) lfH7 !*c>% 3"E *) !*c>% F5$&( 2 |+D+> .

|+D+> ]% I) &B I:cC7FG~)2 L::R7 2 k)&H7 2 Q&O)"c) ]% 9;%"E Y*B &PB Y*Bk)&H7 ]% I) &B L::R7 !N J(*[> $8 2 Q|&r I) ]% |+D+> "PE Y*PB FP5$&( 2 9;%

Z"d *7 &O)8 |&r ]% e*A |+D+> I) .( k)&H7 &B l�fH7 !*c>% 3"E *) l�fH7 !*c>%F> 9;%"E ?*>*X(% ]% Y8*)]"B*K ..0B �($ 2 WX> &>% L)% .( .1+7 3"E|+D+> Y *PB

F> ME*( &O)"c) .( k)$*H7 2 .K 8+#$*H7k) *P@- 2 $*{N 2 QJ>%+E 2 JfE Q�) JPD*d *( kf@q> ?%8+1+> $8 9;%"E ]%&O)"c) 2 "-+# �fA .P/ 9;%"PE &V- 3*P[> $8 .P)-

Y]%8&n $8 ./ 2 %&1% 3*[> *(*@-�) (+fo>F 8+\- .1%+>.

9;%"E k)&H7 $8 |+D+> .( .1+7 ?$2&w L::R7 $8 WX> ?*c- FA&( .( QJ)� $8F> ^$*#%8+#:

F> lfH7 !*=-% .( $*R@E% .5 .( 9;%"E P8&:G : 9d*P5 *P) 9d*P5 $8 9;%"PE ]% F)*PB.;`6> .( 9;%"E Q2% 8+12U8*E Q2% Y%&( 9f:g_ I) Y *P6H> 3*P07 .P( !*=-% !8+( . $8 *P(

Page 19: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

63

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

.K 8&K .1+7 ")*( $*R@E% .5 L)% L@_&G &V-:

*9d*PP5 Y%$%8 F-*PP=-% �qPP# !*PP=-% �*PP,; .PP( .PPK 9PP5% F)*PPB Y%$%8 QFPP5*6#FG~)2 "6@=B F)*B . St�P> 9P5% LPc0> QL)%&(*P6( 9d*P5 .P( 9;%"PE k)$*PH7 ]% FPc)

�9d*P5 .P( k)$*PH7 ]% &O)8 Fc) 2 8&:G lfH7 F>8N ?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E 2 ?*5*=d%.@5%+A 9d*P5 ]% FPc) .P( 2 8&P:O( lfH7 9d*5 28 .( *) j*B$2*( 9d*5 *) *B lPfH7 *PB

8&:O( lfH7 9d*5 .5 &B .( *) j8&:O-.

* 9d*P5 ]% IP) &B $8 !*=-% / Y%$%8 Q8+PA Y*PB Q8+PA Q"P-2%"A *P( .Po(%$ $*PX!*=-% 9P5% !+P>%&:n !*PX1 2 &PO)8 Y*B . FPG~)2 Q�P(%2$ LP)% ]% IP)&B vRo;*P( 2 *PB

F> %$ 8+A e*A ?*R5*6> LP)% .P( kP)&H7 &PB lP�fH7 !*Pc>% 8$+P> $8 QL)%&(*P6( 2 "Rfr8+# l:[,7 ")*( .-*G$*X/ �(%2$ .

*2FG~)Y*B &B*aY !N U*0E% 2 8%&_% *PBQ F@;*PA8 %8 $8 L@P# *P) Pg_ L@P#%"- F@f:8$%"-.

F> l�fH7 8&_ .( ?*CD ]% FA&( P !8&($*K .( 3*O6B QL)%&(*6( jv01 .( FA&( 2 "-&:Gk)&H7^$*($8 9;%"E Y*B8&K .Z1+7 !N !8+(8&_ *) v01 .( ")*( FD*A |+D+> Y.

FPG~)2 .P( "P)*( ST2% QL)%&(*P6( 8$%8 m&P_ .H>*1 *( FE*0@1% vw2 P vPw2 Y*PB Y*PB% JPK .P( �+P(&> *P)N e*PA kP)&H7 I) .K W)&:O( &V- $8 S*:-*{ 2 W:6K .1+7 FE*0@1

e*A FE*0@1% vw2 I) *) 95% .H>*1.

m*P�:> 2 !*P0:n Q*PB8%8%&' 2 L:-%+P' Q*PB8*X- $*@A*P5 .( .-T8*E FE*0@1% vw2 P Y*PBF> �+(&> *B8*X- !N $8 .E+w+>8+#.

.\)"-% P?%2*=> Y*6H> .( 9;%"E Y QFRfrY&(%&( .( ST+0H> &P(%&( $*P@_$ F6H) FB%+AF> ^8%8 �*1$% &(%&( 8%&_% *(|+D+> $8 QL)%&(*6( 2 8+# IP) $*P@_$ .PK 9;%"E ]% F)*B

%"P:n 9:E+Pw+> 9P5% �&Po> !%&PO)8 *( �*R7$% $8 9>+cd *) ^2&G *) !*>]*5 *) 8&_F>"6K .

.\)"-% Pld .( ld Y*oE% Y*6H> .( 9;%"E YE .( *) $%8 &PB lPd Y*PoE% &P@X( ?$*R W:P=[7 2 j"P5&( "P( *P) �+A F��q\> $%"[> QF=K &B .( .K 95% F6H> L)% .( QF=K

.-%&(%&( "P#*( .-T8*E*- FB*G 95% Lc0> *B`:/ Y . $8 Q9;%"PE ]% kP)&H7 LP)% S*P>+0E^"6B8 J:c\7 Y*B8*X- 2 .H>*1 $*@A*5 %":n m%"�> $*g> 2 v_*6> W:=[7 3*O6B .( !N Y

F>"6K.

.\)"-% P LP)% Y*P6R> &P( Q8+PA Y*P1 $8 Y`P:/ &PB !8%8 $%&P' Y*P6H> .P( 9;%"PE Y

Page 20: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

64

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

s:n .P-T8*E&:� Q!N ]% U2"PE 2 8$%8 FPH:Rr vPw2 Q!*X1 $8 `:/ .0B .K 95% �&_95% . QF-*P=-% W;*PE .P( !N Y�&P=7 2 ^"P\- ?*PR{% Q9PH:Rr W;*PE $8 �*:#% FH:Rr vw2

95*oA ..;`6> .( 9;%"E ")*# B !8%8$%&' Y Q?*5*=d% 9d*5 $8 8+A Y*1 $8 `:/ & Q?*P5*=d% !*P=-% .PK *P6H> LP)% .P( j"P#*R- 9,PD ]% $28 FP>8N kr%+E 2 ?*-*h:B

!*\- z8+A vw+> $8 2 "6K U&@6K %$ 8+A ?*-*h:B 2 kr%+E"B8.

.PP\)"-% PPP.PPo:d $8 FB*PPG Q�PP52 Z"PPd 9PP)*E$ Y*PP6H> .PP( 9;%"PPE Y 2 ?t)*PP07 Ys\K !N Y�&=7 2 95% F>8N Y*Bvw2 2 .H>*1 .( FP-%2%&_ ?tc\> *( FE*0@1% Y*B

.o:d $8 ./.)&V- Y.o:d $8 ./ 2 Y]%8&nF> 2&(2$ J0E Y8+#.

.\)"-% PY*6H> .( 9;%"E Y B&n P: RK !*PB*6G ]% &P: ]$+- $%&PD% 2 !"P) !*PB*6G &P(yDF> l�fH7 "-2%"A *( �*R7$% $8 F-*=-% �q# |+D+> .( Q^&:8&:G . &�*PRK ]% �*6@1%

.P( kf@q> e*q#% $8 9;%"E F_*K 2 3]T �&# !%+6E .( Q&�*yD &( !")]$+- $%&D% 295% F5$&( J(*' !+G*-+G k)*a2 2 J�*\> 2 �)%&# $*R@E% .

.\)"-% P.-*:> .( U%"@E% 9)*E$ Y*6H> .( 9;%"E Y &:RH7 !*=-% F-2$8 ?T*d $8 Y2$F> %8 $8 3*PX(% *P( FP-2&:( $*@_$ .( !N z&@=G 2 8+# &P) "Pd 2 Y2$"P67 QY2$"P6K Y

952&(2$ U%"@E%.

Page 21: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

65

;<=>

? @

9AB/

!C ;

<=>? DEF

E- 0G 0

HIE/ J37

<

/K-L

M>#N

- 4"

T=U" 6 >4#L"

1. $+X0h;% F(% L(% QF�*=d%)1403m PB( Q VWAL,)'( XW,0#;Y( ZW[ V,@,@!'( Z'#\]'( Z'(2*Q U2% � QW' Q�%"X\;% ":5 ?%$*\@-%.

!. 3%&X( QF0a*K !%+A%)1377( Q ^,)O( /0 &'()* J#_,#$ aWF( ZWF#AF 8#CQ !*P)*n .P>*-!%&X7 ^*O\-%8 ]% Y&@K8 �A% Y%&( .

3. LPP=d "PP0,> �:PP# QFPPCh6;% &'*PP()1386( Q`aWWb'( -C(2WW$ Q!%&PPX7 QF-*PP/+' �*PPRE lPP:[,7 Q.:>t5T% 4@c;%$%8

4. L:=d Q.)&:\()1382 (.fh> Q )9#OU2% ^$*0# QU2% U*5 Q.

5. L)";%&:�- .1%+A QF5+r)1373( Q8-3#O ca=( "P:d *Pw&:fE P Y+6:> FR@h> �:,�7 Q QY$� Q!%&X7 QF>]$%+A ?%$*\@-%5.

6. If0;% 3*V- .1%+A)1380( d "#O &F#AF � Q!%&PX7 Q&:r*5% ?%$*\@-% QU*R'% �*RE �:,�7 .( QU2% .

7. "0,> QFhfO65)1384(d `aF( /0 #e9 Q!%&PX7 ^*OP\-%8 Q!%&X7 Q 2 �*P/ .P=5+> ?%$*P\@-%Q 3+5 �*/.

8. &�- +(% QF(%$*_)1376(Q AO)f'( F#A7'(.01&7 Q ?%$*P\@-% Q!%&PX7 QFB*P\cf> LP=d �&P# 2U2% � Qz2&5.

9. IPP)$8&_ Q!+@P=fn*K)1380( Q gWW7][ h,/#WW. 2 FPPO6B&_ 2 FPP0fE ?%$*PP\@-% 9K&PP# Q!%&PPX7 Q3$*X/ � Qz2&5 ?%$*\@-% .

10. $28+<7 Qb7&u0G)1375( QZO#O2, D(-bgI" F>*X5 9K&# Q!%&X7 QFCo; L=d "0,> .01&7 QU2% � QF>]$%+A ?%$*\@-%.

11. QFCo;L=d "0,>)1380( Q D2Wia[( /#jk l"#Q J/60 ?%$*P\@-% F>*XP5 9K&P# Q!%&PX7 QU2% � QF>]$%+A .

12. !*G~> QY"0,>)1387( Q ^,)O( -4 8)"k/0&'()* Zmn[ ZL,0 8 Q|$*PH> &\- Q!%&X7 QU2% �*/.

13. Fg7&> QY&Xo> )1361( Q *2fS"#C/#IgM 8U2% � Q%$"D ?%$*\@-% Q!%&X7 Q.

14. ---------- )1379( Q)*Zm'( HWB8`-*n � Q Q%$"D ?%$*\@-% Q!%&X7 Q.

15. Wh- W5*[;%+(% QFfd l[,>L(&CH1 L)";%L=,;%)1383( Q>,(-o HaWp'( lq#7" Z[ `aFr(

`(-p'( 6&:=C@;%$%8 ?%$*\@-% QW' Q .

16. U% ?&(%$ Q`0;+B)1385( d caW=( g7][ ZO#P" Q!%&X7Q*P:fE 8+HP=> .P01&7 Q3+P5 9P5%&)2 Q

Page 22: Philosophical Meditatins *##&'() %## ! Vol. 2010-2011phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19536_b33a5cddece89356f098e8c20345c312.pdf · Philosophical Meditatins Vol. 2 ... 'FKu , KB"V! UK8? .+ ƒK{P

66

!"#$

%&'(

)* +

,-./

0-"1)2*

7

38%

4

"5(-6

3 789":

13

89

�+6[' ?%$*\@-%.

17. L=d Q!*:C5+)j L:=d "0d% QFC)&#)1377( Q D#"2Ws!" &fs* /0 Z^C6tRQ ^*OP\B2~nF>t5% .\)"-% 2 i6B&_Q U2% �*/.