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P H I L O S O P H I C A L
T R A N S A C T I O N SOF THE
R O Y A L S O C I E T Y
OF
LONDON.
(B.)
FOR THE YEAR MDCOCXCI1L
VOL. 184.
L O N D O N :
PRINTED BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN^ LANE, W.C.,
in Orbxmtrjt to ||kr IPniestp.
MDCCCXCIV.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T .
The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions take this opportunity to acquaint the public that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the public that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge and benefit of mankind : the great ends of their first institution by the Boyal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued.. But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more
numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future which wasaccordingly done upon the 26th of March, 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them ; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective authors.
I t is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body,
[ iv ]upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through -whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communications. The ]ike also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report, and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society.
1894
List of Institutions entitled to receive the P hilosophical Transactions orProceedings of the P oyal Society.
Institutions marked a are entitled to receive Philosophical Transactions, Series A, and Proceedings.„ „ b „ „ „ „ Series B, and Proceedings.„ „ ab „ „ „ ,, Series A and B, and Proceedings.„ „ V» » Proceedings only.
America (Central).Mexico.
p. Sociedad Cientifica “ Antonio Alzate.” America (North). (See U nited States and Canada.) America (South).
Buenos Ayres.ab. Museo Nacional.
Caracas.b. University Library.
Cordova.ab. Academia Nacional de Ciencias.
Demerara.p. Royal Agricultural and Commercial
Society, British Guiana.La Plata.
p. Museo de La Plata.Rio de Janeiro.
p. Observatorio.Australia.
Adelaide.p. Royal Society of South Australia.
Brisbane.p .Royal Society of Queensland.
Melbourne. p. Observatory. p. Royal Society of Victoria. ab. University Library.
Sydney.p. Geological Survey. p. Linnean Society of New South Wales. ab. Royal Society of New South Wales. ab. University Library,
Austria.Agram.
p. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Urn- jetnosti.
p. Societas Historico-Naturalis Croatica. Briinn.
AB. Naturforschender Verein.
Austria (continued).Gratz.
ab. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fur Steier- mark.
Hermannstadt.p. Siebenbiirgisclier Verein fur die Natur-
wissenschaften.Innsbruck.
ab. Das Perdinandeum.p. Naturwissenschaftlicli - Medicinischer
Verein.Klausenburg.
ab. Az Erdelyi Muzeum. Das Siebenbiirgisclie Museum.
Prague.ab. Konigliche Bohmische Gesellschaft der
Wissenscliaften.Trieste.
b. Museo di Storia Naturale. p. Societa Adriatica di Scienze Naturali.
Vienna.p. Anthropologische Gesellschaft. ab. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. K.K. Geographische Gesellschaft. ab. K.K. Geologisclie Reichsanstalt.B. K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft.B, K.K. Naturhistorisclies Hof-Museum.
p .(Esterreichische Gesellschaft fur Meteoro- logie.
A. Von Kuffner’sche Sternwarte.Belgium.
Brussels.b. Academie Royale de Medecine. ab. Academie Royale des Sciences.B. Musee Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de
Belgique.p. Observatoire Royal.
p. Societe Malacologique de Belgique.M DCCCXCIII.— B. h
XlNetherlands (continued).
Rotterdam.ab. Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondcr-
vindelijke Wijsbegeerte.Utrecht.
AB. Provinciaal Genootschap van Kunsten on W etenschappen.
New Zealand.Wellington.
ab. New Zealand Institute.Norway.
Bergen.ab. Bergenske Museum.
Christiania.ab. Kongelige Norske Prederiks Universi'tet.
Tromsoe.p. Museum.
Trondhjem.ab. Kongelige Norske Yidenskabers Selskab.
Nova Scotia.Halifax.
p. Nova Scotian Institute of Science.Windsor.
p. King’s College Library.Portugal.
Coimbra.ab. Universidade.
Lisbon.ab. Academia Beal das Sciencias.p. Sec^ao dos Trabalhos Geologicos de Portugal.
Russia.Dorpat.
ab. Universite.Irkutsk.
p. Societe Imperiale Busse de Geographie (Section de la Siberie Orientale).
Kazan.ab. Imperatorsky Kazansky Universitet.
Kharkoff.p. Section Medicale de la Societe des Sciences
Experimentales, Universite de Kharkow.Kieff.
p. Societe des Naturalistes.Moscow.
ab. Le Musee Public.b. Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes.
Odessa.p. Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-
Bussie.Pulkowa.
a. Nikolai Haupt-Sternwarte.St. Petersburg.
ab. Academic Imperiale des Sciences.
]
Russia (continued).St. Petersburg (continued).
b. Archives des Sciences Biologiques.AB. Comite Geologique. p. Compass Observatory. a. Observatoire Physique Central.
Scotland.Aberdeen.
ab. University.Edinburgh.
p. Geological Society.p. Boyal College of Physicians (Research
Laboratory).p. Boyal Medical Society. a. Boyal Observatory.
p .Boyal Physical Society. p. Boyal Scottish Society of Arts. ab. Boyal Society.
Glasgow.ab. Mitchell Free Library. p. Philosophical Society.
Servia.Belgrade.
p. Academie Royale de Serbie.! Sicily.
Acireale.p. Societa Italiana dei Microscopisti.
Catania.ab. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali.
Palermo.a. Circolo Matematico.ab. Consiglio di Perfezionamento (Societa di
Scienze Naturali ed Economiche).A. Beale Osservatorio.
Spain.Cadiz.
a. Institute y Observatorio de Marina de San Fernando.
Madrid.p. Comision del Mapa Geologico de Espana. ab. Real Academia do Ciencias.
Sweden.Gottenburg.
ab. Kongl. Yetenskaps och Vitterhets Sam- halle.
Lund.ab. Universitet.
Stockholm.A. Acta Mathematica.ab. Kongliga Svenska Yetenskaps-Akademie. ab. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning.
Upsala.ab. Universitet.
A djudication of the Medals of the Royal Society for the year 1893,by the P resident and Council.
The Copley Medal to Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart., F.R.S., for his Researches and Discoveries in Physical Science.
A Royal Medal to Arthur Schuster, F.R.S., for his Spectroscopic Inquiries, and his Researches on Disruptive Discharge through Gases, and on Terrestrial Magnetism.
A Royal Medal to H arry Marshall W ard, F.R.S., for his Researches into the Life History of Fungi and Schizomycetes.
The Davy Medal to J. H. v a n ’t H off and J. A. Le Bel, in recognition of their Introduction of the Theory of Asymmetric Carbon, and its Use in Explaining the Constitution of Optically Active Carbon Compounds.
The Bakerian Lecture, “ The Rate of Explosion in Gases,” was delivered by Professor Harold B. Dixon, F.R.S.
i
The Croonian Lecture, “ The Position of Pathology among Biological Studies,” was delivered by Professor Rudolf Virchow, For.Mem.R.S.
MDCCCXCIII,----B. c
C O N T E N T S .
(B.)
VOL. 184.
I. On the Organization o f the Fossil Plants o f the Coal-Measures.—Part XIX. ByW. C. W illiamson, LL.D., F . R . S . , Professor o f Botany in the OwensManchester.................................................................................................. page 1
II. An Experimental Investigation o f the Nerve Roots enter into the Formationo f the Brachial Plexus of the Dog. B y J. S. R isien Russell, M.R.C.P. Communicated by Professor V. H orsley, F .R .S .........................39
III. Contributions to the Anatomy o f Fishes.—II. The Air-bladder and WeberianOssicles in the Siluroid Fishes. By T. W. Bridge, M.A., Professor o f Zoology in the Mason College, Birmingham, and A. C. H addon, M.A., Professor o f Zoology in the Royal College o f Science, Dublin. Communicated by Professor Alfred Newton, F . R . S . .............................................................65
IV. The Electromotive Properties of the Skin o f the Common Eel. By E. Way-mouth Reid, Professor o f Physiology in University College, Dundee, St. Andreid sUniversity, N .B. Communicated by Professor M. Foster, Sec.R .S ................................................................................................................. 335
V. The Cerebrum of Ornithorhynchus paradoxus. By Alex H ill, M.D., Master ojDowning College. Communicated by Alexander Macalister, F.R.S. . 367
VI. The Hippocampus. By Alex H ill, M.D., Master o f Downing College. Communicated by Professor Alexander Macalister, , F.R.S. . . . 389
[ x v i ]
VII. On some New Reptiles from the Elgin Sandstones. B y E. T. N ewton, F.G.S.,F.Z.S. Communicated by S ir Archibald Geik ie , For.Sec.R.S. page 431
VIII. The Physiological Action o f the Nitrites o f the Paraffin Series, considered in connection with their Chemical Constitution. B y J. Theodore Cash,F.R.S., Professor o f Materia Medica the University o f Aberdeen, and W yndham R. Dunstan, M . A . ,Professor o f Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society o f Great B r i t a i n ............................................................................ 505
IX. Experiments in Examination o f the Peripheral Distribution o f the Fibres o f thePosterior Roots o f some Spinal Nerves. B y Charles S. Sherrington, M.A., M.D., Lecturer on Physiology, St. Thomas's Hospital, Professor-Superintendent o f the Brown Institution, London, Fellow o f and Caius College, Cambridge. Communicated by Professor M. F oster, S e c .R .S . ..................... 641
X. On the Coloration o f the Shins o f Fishes, especially o f Pleuronectidce. B y J. T.Cunningham, M.A. Oxon., o f the Scientific S ta ff o f the Marine Biological Association, and C. A. MacMunn, M.D. Communicated by E. R ay
Lankester, M A . , F .R .S . .................................................................................765
Index . . 813
LIST OF ILLUSTBATIONS.
Plates 1 to 9.—Professor W. C. W illiamson on the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal-Measures.—Part XIX.
Plate 10.—Dr. J. S. B isien Bussell on an Experimental Investigation of the Nerve Boots which enter into the Formation of the Brachial Plexus of the Dog.
Plates 11 to 19.—Professors T. W. Bridge and A. C. H addon on the Anatomy of Fishes.—II. The Air-bladder and Weberian Ossicles in the Siluroid Fishes.
Plates 20 to 22.—Dr. A. H ill on the Cerebrum of Ornithorhynchus paradoxus.
Plates 23 to 25.—Dr. A. H ill on the Hippocampus.
Plates 26 to 41.—Mr. E. T. Newton on some New Beptiles from the Elgin Sandstones.
Plates 42 to 52.—Dr. C. S. Sherrington on the Peripheral Distribution of the Fibres of the Posterior Boots of some Spinal Nerves.
Plates 53 to 55.—Mr. J. T. Cunningham and Dr. C. A. MacMunn on the Coloration of the Skins of Fishes, especially of Pleuronectidm.
