Philosophy in a Time of Terror 2083F-Libre

7/26/2019 Philosophy in a Time of Terror 2083F-Libre

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2083F

Philosophy

in a time ofTerror


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Western University

Department of Philosophy

Terrorism 2083F

Section 001

Fall 2013

Professor: Michael Laurence Office: Rm 1144, Stevenson Hall

Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Mondays &

Wednesdays 2-3pm

Class Times and Location: Mon. 3:30-5:30 pm, TC-343 (Talbot College)

Wed. 3:30-4:30 pm, TC-343 (Talbot College)

Course Objective:

Terrorism, argues Jean Baudrillard, is like a virus. It is everywhere. It accompanies any

system of domination, like a shadow, or a double agent, ready to activate itself.

Our post-9/11 domestic and global political landscapes are increasingly being organized in

response to this ever-present viral threat. An immense new architecture and paradigm of

securitization has been born. Vast surveillance and policing regimes have emerged. States of

exception have been declared, torture and drones deployed, and civil liberties diminished. Thethreat of terrorism has spurred the emergence of a desire to securitize all spheres of life, resulting

in what some scholars have termed, the normalization of a state of terror for the purpose of

eradicating terrorism. The antagonism exists everywhere, writes Baudrillard, even within each

one of us: it is terror against terror. We truly live in a time of terror.

If a major task of philosophy is to confront the present then it must address terrorism. It must

grapple with the contexts and conditions of the actualization of terrorism and the forms of terror

unleashed to counter it. Philosophy must seek to understand what it means to do philosophy in a

time of terror.

The basic philosophical questions remain unanswered in any definitive way. What is terrorism?

How does it differ from other forms of violence? Who are the terrorists? Who decides who the

terrorists are? How does the terrorist become a terrorist? How does the discourse of terrorism

function and to what ends? In what ways does it constitute the object of which it speaks? How

should we think the relationship between terror, terrorism, and the state? Is the use of terror ever

justified? Is the war on terror justified? Does the securitization of all aspects of life actually make

us safer? What is the relationship between terror and democracy?

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On our journey we will confront these questions, as well as many others. We will make use of a

variety of resources (film, online media, news sources, fiction, and so on) in an effort to confront

the concepts and realities of terror, terrorism, and the war on terror.

This course is designed to promote serious philosophical and critical thinking by meansof introducing students to some of the major concepts and debates in the field of Terrorism

Studies. There is a strong participatory component to this course and students will be expected to

take part in discussions, debates, and group activities. Alongside emphases on participation and

critical thinking, this course seeks to promote the further development of professional writing

skills. Most of your course grade depends on your capacity to communicate your thoughts and

arguments effectively in written form. If academic writing is an area in which you struggle, be

proactive and seek help: (http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/writing/).

Required Course Materials:Available at the Bookstore:

*Bruce Hoffman,Inside Terrorism(Columbia University Press, 2006).

*Talal Asad, On Suicide Bombing (Columbia University Press, 2007).

*Jean Baudrillard, The Spirit of Terrorism(Verso, 2012).

*Additional readings will be assigned and will be made available on OWL in pdf format. These

readings include selections from Frantz Fanon, Franz Kafka, Michael Ignatieff, Slavoj Zizek,Jean-Paul Sartre, Philip K. Dick, Michel Foucault, Sheldon Wolin, Alison M. Jaggar, Reza

Negarestani, and many others. We will also read some small selections from the writings and

speeches of individuals and groups that have been classified as terrorists or terrorist

organizations.

Course Schedule:

Date Lecture Theme Required Readings

Sept. 9, 2013 Introduction to Course

A Spectre is Haunting Us...

Philosophy in a Time ofTerror

Course Syllabus

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http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/writing/http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/writing/http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/writing/


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Sept. 11, 2013 What is Terrorism?

Twelve Years Ago Today...

Bruce Hoffman, InsideTerrorism, 1-41(Chapter 1).

Sept. 16, 2013 The Discourse of Terrorism

Group Selection forCommuniquActivity

Jeffrey Nealon and SusanSearls Giroux, OnMeaning, 24-26 (OWL)

Recommended:

Joseba Zulaika andWilliam A. Douglass,Categories and

Allegories, 91-119 (OWL)

Sept. 18, 2013 The Roots of ModernTerrorism: Palestine andAlgeria


Recommended:

Start on Frantz Fanon, TheWretched of the Earth(OWL)

Sept. 23, 2013 The Roots of ModernTerrorism: Frantz Fanon,Pure Violence, and thePostcolonial

Frantz Fanon, TheWretched of the Earth,33-62 (OWL)

Recommended:

Jean-Paul Sartre,Preface, in Frantz Fanon,The Wretched of the Earth,

5-31 (OWL)

Franz Fanon, AlgeriaUnveiled, (OWL)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communiqu%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communiqu%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communiqu%C3%A9


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Sept. 25, 2013 Frantz Fanon and theColonial Subject: TheInternalization of

Domination

Frantz Fanon, TheWretched of the Earth,63-106 (OWL)

Sept. 30, 2013

*** In-Class GroupCommuniquActivity

Group CommuniquActivity

Prepare for Presentation

Oct. 2, 2013 The Morality of Terrorism Alison M. Jaggar. What isTerrorism, Why Is It

Wrong, and Could It EverBe Morally Permissible?Journal of SocialPhilosophy,Vol. 36 No. 2 (2005):202-217 (OWL).

Oct. 7, 2013 Everybody Talks About theWeather...We Dont.

Film Viewing: The BaaderMeinhof Complex

Selections from UlrikeMeinhof (OWL).

RAF, Concept of the UrbanGuerilla (OWL)


Oct. 9, 2013 The Weather Underground

Revolutionary Desire andthe Revolutionary Subject

Selections from theWeather Underground(OWL)

Oct. 14, 2013 No Class - ThanksgivingMonday

No Readings

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Oct. 16, 2013

The Meaning(s) of 9/11 Jim OBrien, TheContested Meaning of 9/11http://rhr.dukejournals.org/

content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+html

Jeffrey Goldberg, The RealMeaning of 9/11http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/

Recommended:

Ed Vulliamy, 9/11 TenYears On, The Guardian:http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCH

Oct. 21, 2013

*** In-Class Film Review

In-Class Film Review

Film Viewing: TBA

No Readings

Oct. 23, 2013 The Meaning(s) of 9/11Continued

Talal Asad: Beyond theClash of Civilizations

Talal Asad, Chapter 1:Terrorism, in On SuicideBombing, 7-38.

Recommended:

Samuel Huntington, The

Clash of Civilizations(OWL)

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http://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/9-11-ed-vulliamy-remembers-twin-towers?INTCMP=SRCHhttp://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/the-real-meaning-of-9-11/244120/http://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+htmlhttp://rhr.dukejournals.org/content/2011/111/5.full.pdf+html


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Oct. 28, 2013 Suicide Bombing:Weaponizing Life

How to Write Your CriticalBook Review

Talal Asad, Chapter 2:Suicide Terrorism, in OnSuicide Bombing, 39-64.

Riaz Hassan, What HaveWe Learned?, in SuicideBombings, 84-97 (OWL).

Recommended:


Oct. 30, 2013 Oh the Horror!

Liberalism and Terror

Talal Asad, Chapter 3:Horror at SuicideTerrorism, in On SuicideBombing, 65-96.

Recommended:

Selections from BradEvans, Liberal Terror(OWL)

Nov. 4, 2013 On the Scene After ASuicide Attack: PrecariousIdentities and theDissolution of the Body

Selections from GeorgesBataille (OWL)

Nov. 6, 2013 Introduction to JeanBaudrillard: The Spirit ofTerrorism

Jean Baudrillard, TheSpirit of Terrorism, 3-26.

Nov. 11, 2013 Beyond Good and Evil:Domination, Viral Terror,and the Secret Coalition.

Jean Baudrillard,The Spiritof Terrorism, 27-63.

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Nov. 13, 2013

***Critical Book Review

Due In Class

Voices of Terror: Al Qaeda

Declaration of War Against

Americans

Selections from RaymondIbrahim, ed., The Al QaedaReader(OWL).

Selections from BruceLawrence, ed., Messagesto the World: TheStatements of Osama BinLaden(OWL)

Nov. 18, 2013 Citizen or Terrorist?Which is Which?

Designating the Enemy

HBOs Homeland

Reza Negarestani, TheMilitarization of Peace,http://

ciudadtecnicolor.les.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdf

Recommended:

Philip K. Dick, Impostorhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/%7Easantas/Texts/Impostor.pdf

Nov. 20, 2013 Living in a Time of MassSurveillance andSecuritization

Michel Foucault, Disciplineand Punish, 195-228(OWL)

Klaus Brinkbaumer, NSASnooping: The War onTerror is Americas Mania,http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-

a-911256.html

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http://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-commentary-on-us-internet-surveillance-a-911256.htmlhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ww2.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Texts/Impostor.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdfhttp://ciudadtecnicolor.files.wordpress.com/2011/01the-militarization-of-peace.pdf


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Nov. 25, 2013 Drones: Domestic andGlobal Dronescapes

Ethics in an Age ofIntelligent Machines

Film Viewing: Unthinkable

What the Drone Saw(Short Video) http://www.guardian.co.uk/

artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-video

Fred Kaplan, The Worldas Free-Fire Zone, MITTechnology ReviewVol.116.4 (OWL)

Recommended:

Drone-hunting http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/

Life as a Drone Operatorhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artist

Rise of the Drones (1 Hour

Documentary) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4

Nov. 27, 2013 Torture: The CollusionBetween Morality andViolence

Michael Ignatieff, TheLesser Evil, 1-24 (OWL)

Vittorio Bufacchi and JeanMaria Arrigo, Torture,Terrorism and the State: ARefutation of the Ticking-

Bomb Argument, inJournal of AppliedPhilosophy, Vol. 23, No. 3(2006), 355-373 (OWL).

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http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiyeQQrJZC4http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/28/life-us-drone-operator-artisthttp://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://rt.com/usa/colorado-drone-hunting-licenses-233/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-videohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/video/2013/jul/25/drone-iwm-contemporary-omer-fast-art-video


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Dec. 2, 2013 In Excess: Slavoj Zizekand Moral Reasoning

Slavoj Zizek, Welcome tothe Desert of the Real,26-27, 33-57 (OWL).

Slavoj Zizek, Selectionsfrom On Violence(OWL)

Dec. 4, 2013

***Final Essay Due

The Violence of the Global

Final Essay Due atBeginning of Class

Jean Baudrillard, TheSpirit of Terrorism, 67-79.

Slavoj Zizek, Selectionsfrom On Violence(OWL)

*Adjustments to readings and themes may occur throughout the term.

Assignment Deadlines and Policies:

Fall Term:

Assignment Due Date % Weight

Group CommuniqueActivity

Sept. 30, 2013During Class

10%

In-Class Film Review Oct. 21, 2013

During Class

10%

Critical Book Review(4 pages)

Nov. 13, 2013Due at Beginning of Class

25%

Final Essay(8-10 pages)

Dec. 4, 2013Due at Beginning of Class

35%

Participation 10%

Attendance 10%

*In-depth guidelines for assignments will be posted on OWL

Essay Submission Policy:

Major Essays must be printed and handed in at the beginning of the lecture at which they are

due. The penalty for late papers begins at the end of class on the due date. Papers submitted after

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this time will be subject to the late penalty (unless prior arrangements have been made with the

instructor).

It is the students responsibility to ensure that his/her assignment has been officially received.

Late Assignment Policy:

Late essay submissions will be subject to penalty. This penalty is a deduction of 5% a day (from

the due date immediately after the lecture is over until the day that the assignment is received by

the instructor, including weekends and holidays). It is your responsibility to ensure that the

assignment is submitted and formally received by me. This policy is designed to promote the

timely submission of work.

AUDIT

Students wishing to audit the course should consult with the instructor prior to or during the firstweek of classes.

Important:

The Department of Philosophy Policies which govern the conduct, standards, and expectations

for student participation in Philosophy courses is available in the Undergraduate section of the

Department of Philosophy website at http://uwo.ca/philosophy/undergraduate/

proceduresappeals.html. It is your responsibility to understand the policies set out by the Senate

and the Department of Philosophy, and thus ignorance of these policies cannot be

used as grounds of appeal.

Students who are in emotional/mental distress should refer to Mental Health@Western http://

www.uwo.ca/uwocom/mentalhealth/for a complete list of options about how to obtain help.

This information appears on Page 3, under Support Services at the link: http://www.uwo.ca/

univsec/handbook/exam/courseoutlines.pdf

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Philosophy in a Time of Terror 2083F-Libre