20
PHL. 322 PHL. 322 Presented by Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor Associate Professor College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy KSU KSU

PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

PHL. 322PHL. 322

Presented byPresented by

Dr. Khairy M A ZoheirDr. Khairy M A ZoheirAssociate ProfessorAssociate Professor

College of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKSUKSU

Page 2: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

I- CNS Stimulants I- CNS Stimulants DrugsDrugs  

Page 3: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Nervous SystemNervous System    

• The nervous system can be classified The nervous system can be classified intointo

• The Central Nervous System The Central Nervous System ((CNS)CNS) Brain and spinal cord Brain and spinal cord

• The Peripheral Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System ((PNSPNS(( The nervous system outside of The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cordthe brain and spinal cord  

Page 4: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Peripheral Nervous  System  Peripheral Nervous  System  PNSPNS  

  

Can be divided intoCan be divided into - -

11 - -Sensory divisionSensory division((affrent)affrent)

Conducts impulses from receptors to Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS and Informs the CNS of the the CNS and Informs the CNS of the state of the bodystate of the body

2- 2- Motor divisionMotor division((effrent)effrent)

Conducts impulses from CNS to Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors organseffectors organs..

Page 5: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Motor NeuronsMotor Neurons

• The motor division is also divided intoThe motor division is also divided into• 1- 1- The somatic nervous system :The somatic nervous system :

•VOLUNTARY (generally) Somatic nerve VOLUNTARY (generally) Somatic nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal musclesto skeletal muscles• 2. 2. The autonomic nervous system:The autonomic nervous system: INVOLUNTARY INVOLUNTARY ((generallygenerally)) Conducts Conducts

impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands cardiac muscle, and glands 

Page 6: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Neurons Neurons   

• They are the basic functional unit of They are the basic functional unit of the nervous systemthe nervous system..

• They contain three major partsThey contain three major parts::  

• 1.cell body.1.cell body.

• 2. dendrites.2. dendrites.

• 3. axon.   3. axon.  

Page 7: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

StructureStructure

Page 8: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Neurotransmitters CNSNeurotransmitters CNS   

• They can be classified into They can be classified into ::  

• 1. 1. Exitatory:Exitatory:

• - Ach, glutamate, aspartate , - Ach, glutamate, aspartate , serotonin and NE. serotonin and NE. 

• 22. Inhibitory:-. Inhibitory:-

• - GABA , glycin .- GABA , glycin .

Page 9: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

CNS StimulantsCNS Stimulants  

• DefinationDefination

““Stimulants are a substance Stimulants are a substance which tends to increase which tends to increase behavioral activity when behavioral activity when administered”administered”

Page 10: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

• Signs and symptoms:Signs and symptoms:

• 1- Elevate Mood1- Elevate Mood

• 2- Increase Motor Activity2- Increase Motor Activity

• 3- Increase Alertness3- Increase Alertness

• 4- Decrease need for Sleep4- Decrease need for Sleep

• In case of overdose lead to In case of overdose lead to convulsion and death.convulsion and death.

Page 11: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

MOA of CNS StimulantsMOA of CNS Stimulants   

•     1- Block neurotransmitters reuptake  1- Block neurotransmitters reuptake  (Most reuptake inhibitors affect either NE (Most reuptake inhibitors affect either NE or 5-HT(Serotonin) : Cocaineor 5-HT(Serotonin) : Cocaine

• 2- Promote neurotransmitters release : 2- Promote neurotransmitters release : AmphetamineAmphetamine

• 3- Block Metabolism - MAO inhibitors 3- Block Metabolism - MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase):ex. Phenelzine (monoamine oxidase):ex. Phenelzine

• 4. antagonize the effect of inhibitory 4. antagonize the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter: neurotransmitter: PicrotoxinPicrotoxin & & StrychnineStrychnine

Page 12: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Neuronal Synapse Neuronal Synapse

Page 13: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Neuronal SynapseNeuronal Synapse

Page 14: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

CNS StimulantsCNS Stimulants   

• - - They can be divided based on their site They can be divided based on their site of actionof action::  

•         1.Cerebral stimulants (amphetamines) 1.Cerebral stimulants (amphetamines) 

•         2.Medullary stimulants (picrotoxin) 2.Medullary stimulants (picrotoxin) 

•         3.Spinal stimulants (strychnine)3.Spinal stimulants (strychnine)

Page 15: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

Lab WorkLab Work  

• - - Objectives:Objectives:  • 1- To demonstrate effects of some CNS 1- To demonstrate effects of some CNS

stimulant on mice.stimulant on mice.• 2- After the lab, you should able to handle 2- After the lab, you should able to handle

and inject the mice correctly. and inject the mice correctly. • 3- You should able to differentiate 3- You should able to differentiate

between amphetamine,picrotoxin and between amphetamine,picrotoxin and strychinine regarding the symptoms that strychinine regarding the symptoms that induced by each of them.    induced by each of them.    

Page 16: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

1- Amphetamine 1- Amphetamine 

• MOAs MOAs ::

•       Block the reuptake of norepinephrine Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. monoamines into the extraneuronal space.   - Clinical use:- Clinical use:

• 1. Narcolepsy.1. Narcolepsy.

• 2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Page 17: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

AmphetamineAmphetamine  

• Adverse effectsAdverse effects::• - Cardiovascular: - Cardiovascular: Hypertension (7% to 22%, Hypertension (7% to 22%,

pediatric ) pediatric ) • - Endocrine metabolic: - Endocrine metabolic: Weight loss (4% to 9%, Weight loss (4% to 9%,

pediatric; 11%, adults ) pediatric; 11%, adults ) • - Gastrointestinal: - Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (11% to Abdominal pain (11% to

14%, pediatrics ), Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), 14%, pediatrics ), Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), Xerostomia (35% ) Xerostomia (35% )

• - Neurologic: - Neurologic: Headache (26% ), Insomnia Headache (26% ), Insomnia ارقارق ((1212% to 17%, pediatric; 27%, adults ) % to 17%, pediatric; 27%, adults )

• - Psychiatric: - Psychiatric: Feeling nervous (6% ) Feeling nervous (6% ) 

Page 18: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

AmphetamineAmphetamine  

• After injecting,  the mice with After injecting,  the mice with amphetamine you well noticeamphetamine you well notice::  - Hair erection- Hair erection

• - Licking, gnawing.- Licking, gnawing.

• - Stereotype- Stereotype

• - Sniffing - Sniffing 

Page 19: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

PicrotoxinPicrotoxin    

• MOAMOA::•     Non-competitive antagonist of GABA Non-competitive antagonist of GABA

receptors.receptors.• After injecting the mice with picrotoxin you After injecting the mice with picrotoxin you

well noticewell notice::  - - Clonic convulsionClonic convulsion characterized by :   characterized by :  

• 1. Asymmetric1. Asymmetric• 2. Intermittent2. Intermittent• 3. Spontaneous 3. Spontaneous • 4. Coordinated4. Coordinated

Page 20: PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir Associate Professor College of Pharmacy KSU

StrychinineStrychinine    

• MOAMOA::• Competitive antagonist of the glycin receptors. Competitive antagonist of the glycin receptors. 

• After injecting the mice with Strychinine you After injecting the mice with Strychinine you wellwell

• notice: notice: - - Tonic convulsionTonic convulsion characterized characterized by : by :

• 1. Symmetric 1. Symmetric • 2. Reflex in origin2. Reflex in origin• 3. Continuous 3. Continuous • 4. Uncoordinated.4. Uncoordinated.