Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona

District or Distributed

Integrated Energy District Heating and Cooling

Robert McMillinSiemens Industry, Inc.

August 12, 2015

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2

Introduction

• Master Planning• New Construction– Best time to choose a direction– Likely higher first cost, but lower future cost

• Retrofit– Expensive– Adding to plants serving functional clusters – Diversity of building types

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade3

Qualification

• Identify what you do and where you do it• Prioritize your goals

• Understand your capabilities and resources

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade4

Identify what you do and where you do it

• Sometimes the decision is made for you– McAlester Army Ammunition Plant– USDA Field Office– GSA facilities in downtown San Antonio

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade5

Prioritize your goals

• Cost• Risk/Reliability• Energy Security• Environmental• Energy reductions• Aesthetics

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade6

Prioritize you Goals – Cost

• Installation Costs• Utility Costs• Operations & Maintenance Cost– Fewer and more hardy equipment in plants– Fewer but higher qualified personnel in plants– Consolidation of maintenance costs and activities

• Replacement Cost– Longer lives and less pieces in plants– Emergency/ongoing replacements in distributed

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade7

Prioritize you Goals – Risk/Reliability & Energy Security

• Redundancy– n+1 for district,

n+# of bldgs for distributed

• Piping vs Equipment

• Combined Heat and Power

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade8

Prioritize you Goals – Energy Reductions/Environmental

• Transmission losses• Steam vs hot water• Central equipment vs unitary equipment• Water cooled vs air cooled• Water usage and water treatment• ESPC

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade9

Prioritize you Goals – Aesthetics

• Central plants and storage are not necessarily the most beautiful facilities

• Space requirements may dictate long transmission systems and overhead lines are not “pretty”

• Noise• Quality of Life

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade10

Understand your Capabilities and Resources

• Labor Pool• Available utilities and fuels• Available rates

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade11

Benefits of Distributed Systems

• Lower first installation costs• Total facility shutdown• Less stringent labor force

requirements• Severability – Potentially more attractive as a

resale property– The loss of one facility, the plant,

does not shut down the campus

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade12

Improve existing systems

• Controls• Re-commissioning/Retrocommissioning• Cooling– Temperature resets– Plant optimization programs– Equipment efficiency improvements

• Heating– Temperature and pressure reset– Plant optimization routines– Equipment efficiency improvements

• Variable pumping and fan speed

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade13

Conclusions

• Multiple facilities/campus environment• Accurately compare all costs and benefits

when evaluating options• Improve plant efficiency regardless of district

or distributed if financially viable.• Consider transferring risk to a third party

Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona

Contact Information

Integrated Energy District Heating and Cooling

Robert McMillinSiemens Industry, Inc.

713-397-1246