Phonetic Script Symbols

7/22/2019 Phonetic Script Symbols

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Phonetics & Phonology

Topic 3:

sounds and sound patterns oflanguage


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Phonology

Description of the systems and patterns ofspeech sounds in a language

Concerned with mentalaspects of the

sounds in language NOT actual physical articulation of speech

sounds

Concerned with abstractset of sounds in alanguagedistinguish meaning in actualphysical sounds we say & hear


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The sound system of a language

Phonology

Includes the inventory of sounds (phonetic

& phonemic units) and rules for their

combination and pronunciation

The study of sound system of all

languages


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Different sounds of /t/

Tar

Star

Writer Eighth

In actual speech these /t/ sounds are very

different


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How about these sounds?

Car

Tar

Far Bar

Distinct meaningful sounds


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Phonetics

Bat

Cat

Fat

Hat

Mat

Pat

Rat

The study of sounds

made by humans

when they talk


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Phonemes

Bat

Cat

Fat

Hat Mat

Pat

Rat

Basic form of a sound

Sensed in your mind thanspoken/ heard

Any sound that changesthe meaning of words

Each phoneme isassociated with 1 or more

sounds English phonemes:

consonants & vowels


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Phonemes

a speech sound that is capable of

differentiating meaning.

Slash mark / / indicates a phoneme

Square bracket [ ] indicates phonetic

tar [t]

star [th] aspirated


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Speech Organs


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The Vocal Tract

Vocal apparatus when we speak

Pharynx

Velum/soft palate

Hard palate

Alveolar ridge

Tongue

Teeth (upper & lower)

Lips

Larynx

Jaws

Nose & nasal cavity


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The International Phonetic Alphabet

Principles of the IPA founded in France in 1886

an organization for teachers of language originally

aims at a system that will represent all languages

a separate letter for each distinctive sound

universal use of one symbol for the same sound acrosslanguages

use of ordinary letters of roman alphabet where possible

alphabet should accord with phonemic principle andcardinal vowel system

minute shades of sound for scientific purposes


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The Sounds of English

Vowels

Diphthongs

Triphthongs (not in your syllabus) Consonants


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Vowels

20 vowel sounds

Articulated without any obstruction as air

passes from larynx to lips

Vowel changes according to

a. the height of the tongue

b. part of the tongue


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Vowels

Long vowels

:

i:

u: :

:

Short vowels

^

I

e

BrE


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Features Describing Vowels

Length of the vowel

Tongue height

Part of the tongue: frontness or backness

Lip-rounding/shape of the lips

close lip spreading i: I

neutral lip position : :e

open lip rounding

close lip rounding u:


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What is

Close-mid front unrounded vowel ? e

Near-open front unrounded vowel?

Open back unrounded vowel? Near-close near-back vowel?

Mid central vowel?

Open-mid back unrounded vowel? Open-mid back rounded vowel?


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Diphthongs

I - /pI/

e - /pe/

- /d/

eI - /weI/

aI - /baI/

I - /bI/

- /bn/

a- /ba/


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Colourless vowel

Schwa //

Represent vowels in syllables that are not

emphasized in speaking

Short duration

Pronounced with the mouth in a neutral

position and brief


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Weak syllable:

the vowel schwa

IntImt

tend

ptIkjl

kjrt phps

tmru

ptju:ntI

setlmnt

sp:t


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Differences between vowels and

diphthongs

Vowels

Sounds in which there

is no obstruction to

the flow of air as itpasses through the

larynx to the lips

Diphthongs

Sequence of 2

sounds; vowel + glide

/bajt/ bite

/boj/ boy


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Triphthongs (not in the syllabus)

A glide from 1 vowel to another & then to a

third, all produced rapidly and without

interruption

/a:u/

Vowel a: + glide towards the back close

rounded area: u + ends with a mid central

vowel:


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Triphthongs (not in the syllabus)

Composed of the 5 closing diphthongs

eI+ = eI /eI/

aI

+ = aI

/faI

/ I+ = oI /rIl/

+ = u /slu/

a+ = au /pa/

Documents

Phonetic Script Symbols