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2.0.1
Only true specialistscan excel in any givenarea. This is whyBalluff has expandedits product range ofoptoelectronic sensors,which has always beendesigned to meet themost varied challenges.
We consider ourselvesas a partner and con-sultant for our custom-ers. We are constantlyimproving and ex-panding our productoffering, so that whenyou come to us you willfind the best solution.
The most significantnew additions are:
– mini.s(BOS 08M/BOS Q08M)
– Series BOS 5K– Series BOS 21M
(standard and specialsensors)
– Redesigned seriesBOS 18 KF/KW
– Distance sensors(BOD 63/BOD 26)
– Laser slot sensors(BGL)
– Angle sensors(BWL)
2.0.2 Applications2.0.8 Product overview2.0.14 Principles,
definitions
2.0
ContentsPhotoelectricSensors
Photo
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2.0.2
Application Examples
The application examplesare shown in simplified form.Complete part numbersare not provided for therecommended sensorssince the exact model willvary from application toapplication. Our applicationsassistance group will helpyou to find the optimalsolution.
Sensing size and contentsof containers
BOS 18M-..-1QB-... RetroreflectiveBOS R-1 ReflectorBOS 18M-..-1HA-... Diffuse with
HGA andadjustableswitchingdistance
The retroreflective sensor (1)indicates the presenceof the box. Boxes can becounted or the length of abox determined (from thepulse duration). The diffusesensor has backgroundsuppression (HGA) and itsrange is adjustable.It checks the contents ofthe boxes on the conveyorbelt.
Sensing stack height
BLS 15K-... EmitterBLE 15K-... Receiver
Each through-beam pairchecks a certain stackheight. Several sensors canbe mounted over each other.The sensing distance canbe up to several meters.The sensing accuracy in thevertical axis is just a fewmillimeters if the suppliedapertures are used.
Guiding a moveable stage
BLE 18M-... ReceiverBLS 18M-... EmitterBOS 18-BL-2 Slit aperture
The senors are arranged sothat the upper metal blockbreaks the light beam.When the block is removedfor processing, the beampath is open. The sensorgives a signal, and the stageis automatically raised by theheight of a block.
PhotoelectricSensors
2.0.3
Application Examples
Sensing a read mark
BOS 73K-.../ Base unitsBOS 74K-... for plastic
fiber opticsFIber optic BFO ... Fiber optic
A marking (light band) ona dark background (belt,tube, container etc.) canbe detected.Here a base unit for fiberoptics and a plastic fiberoptic cable are used.
Drill break monitor
BLS 18M-... EmitterBLE 18M-... ReceiverBOS 18-BL-2 Double slit
diaphragm forthru-beams
Broken drill detection froma distance of 2 meters canbe accomplished usinga through-beam system withdouble slit diaphragm. Drillslarger than approx. 2 mmdiameter can be checked.To detect even smaller drills(up to ∅ 0.1 mm), use alaser through-beam sensor.
Small parts detection
BOS 18M-... Diffuse withadjustablesensingdistance
BOS 18-PK-1 Plano-convex lens
BOS 18M-..-1HA-... Diffuse withbackgroundsuppression
Detection of small partswhile masking the back-ground is done using aBOS 18-PK-1 opticaladapter.For example, threads witha diameter of 0.1 mm couldbe sensed, whereby coloris not a factor. The sensingrange here is approx.0...13 mm. Longer rangescan be achieved by usingdiffuse sensors withbackground suppression.
Detecting a groove
BOS 18M-..-1PD-... Diffuse withadjustablesensingdistance
BFO 18-... Fiber opticcable
To sense a groove ona bearing pillow, a diffusesensor is adjusted withfiber optic cable so that thebearing pillow is alwaysdetected.The groove interrupts thebeam (no reflection). Theswitch changes its outputcondition.
2.0
PhotoelectricSensors
www.balluff.de
2.0.4
Application Examples
Level detection intransparent containers
BOS 18M-..-1PD-... DiffuseBFO 18A-... Fiber optics
A diffuse sensor with fiberoptic attachment is used asa through-beam to monitorthe level in a transparentcontainer (cylinder). If thereis no liquid at the height ofthe sensor, the light beam isnot interrupted and insteadarrives at the receiver. If theliquid is high enough, thelight beam is deflected awayfrom the receiver and theswitch changes its state.
Differentiatingvarious diameters
BOS 18M-..-1HA-... Diffuse withHGA andadjustableswitchingdistance
To detect various shaftdiameters, a diffuse sensorwith background suppres-sion (HGA) is calibrated sothat it switches when thediameter is large. If a smallerdiameter appears at thesensing station, this isinterpreted as "background",and the sensor does notswitch.
Checking contentsof a package
BLE 18M-... ReceiverBLS 18M-... EmitterBOS 18-BL-1 Diaphragm
for through-beams
A through-beam versionis used to check thecontents of the packaging.Emitter and receiver arearranged such that the lightbeam passes through thepackaging.If the package is empty,the intensity is sufficient toilluminate the receiver.If however the packagingcontains product, thecontents interrupts thisbeam from the emitter andthe switching output isactivated.
Slack control
BLE 18M-... ReceiverBLS 18M-... Emitter
Two through-beam sensorscan be used to control theguiding of a roller conveyor.The through-beams arearranged above each otherso that at optimum slack thelower light beam is clear andthe upper beam interrupted.If both light paths are clear,more roll tension is needed.If both are interrupted, thereis too much material (slack)present.
PhotoelectricSensors
2.0.5
Application Examples
Parts positioning
BOS 26K-..-1LHB-... Laser sensorwith HGA andadjustableswitchingdistance
To position a turned part youcan check for the presenceof a slot. A laser sensorwith background suppres-sion is calibrated so that itrecognizes the surface of theturned part. If the light beamstrikes the slot, the light isreflected back to the sensorat a different angle. Theswitch recognizes this asa background signal anignores it, i. e. changes itsswitching state.
Level control of granulesin small packages
BOS 73K-.../ Base unitsBOS 74K-... for plastic
fiber opticsBFO ... Fiber optics
A group of sensors monitorsthe contents of a wholerow of small packets on aconveyor belt. The plasticfiber optics cable can beuser-cut to the desiredlength. Standard suppliedlength is 2 meters.
Defect inspectionof workpieces
BOS 73K-.../ Base unitsBOS 74K-... for plastic
fiber opticsBFO ... Fiber optics
Multiple sensors with fiberoptics attachmentssimultaneously check diffe-rent features of a workpiece.Only if all holes, screws,tolerances and surfacequalities are present, will theworkpiece be accepted.Later failures and downtimeare thus avoided.
Detecting a bead ona cam shaft
BOS 18M-..-1PD-... Diffuse withadjustablesensingdistance
BFO 18-... Fiber opticscable
To determine whether abead is present or not,a fiber optics attachment isused with a diffuse sensor.The fiber optic is arrangedon a level parallel to the camshaft. If a bead is present,the light beam is interrupted.With no bead, the beampath is free.
2.0
PhotoelectricSensors
www.balluff.de
2.0.6
Application Examples
Part sorting Thread checking Packaging inspection Countingtransparent bottles
BLS 6K-... EmitterBLE 6K-... Receiver
To sort out parts whichvary in height, a through-beam sensor can be used.By pressing a button youcan calibrate the BLS/BLE6K so that the taller partinterrupts the light beam andcan be rejected. The teach-in proce-dure allows youto make this setting rapidlyand adjust it to changingrequirements.
BOS 6K-.../ RetroreflectiveBOS 21M-... for glass
sensing
Reliable sensing of transpa-rent objects, which absorbvery little light, is best doneusing retroreflective sensorswith low hysteresis.Using the BOS 6K withteach-in calibration you caneven change the calibrationsetting while the process isrunning. It is no longer nec-essary to stop the process,since the sensors can forexample be calibrated duringthe warm-up phase.
BLS 12M-... EmitterBLE 12M-... Receiver
To check whether thepackaging is correctlyclosed, a through-beamsensor is configured so thatthe light path is just abovethe packaging. If thepackaging is not correctlyclosed, the obstructing lidinterrupts the light obeamand the through-beamsensor signals this.
BOS 73K-.../ Basis unitBOS 74K-... for plastic
fiber opticsBFO ... Fiber optics
Prior to assembling nuts,a check needs to be madeto determine whetherthreads are present or not.If the threads are present,they will reflect the light backto the fiber optics and thesensor will switch.If no threads are present,total reflection will becreated on the smooth wallof the hole and no light willbe reflected back to thefiber optics; the sensor willnot send a switching signal.
PhotoelectricSensors
2.0.7
Application Examples
Final inspection: labels,caps
Checking for correctquantity
BOS 26K Diffuse withbackgroundsuppression
Diffuse sensors with back-ground suppression areused to check in detailwhether an assembly pro-cess has been completed.These sense small objectswith high precision andare not misled by differentcolors. Using laser sensorswith HGA backgroundsuppression allows evenfiner details to be detected.
BKT Contrastsensor
BOS 26K Diffuse withbackgroundsuppression
As final inspection of dishdetergent bottles a checkmust be made to determinewhether the label and capare attached. A contrastsensor is used for the labelinspection.This distinguishes betweenthe relative reflectivity of thelable and the bottle.The cap is detected usinga diffuse sensor with back-ground suppression.Advantage of backgroundsuppression: if no cap ispresent, the threadedclosure can be suppressed.
Circuit board inspection/positioning
BOS 15K Diffusefocused
BOS 26K Laser diffusesensor withbackgroundsuppression
To bring the circuit boardto a particular inspectionposition, a focused diffusesensor (1) is used. Thecircuit board crosses thelight path of the sensorexactly at its focal point, thusenabling maximum precision.The small light spot from thelaser diffuse sensor (2) andthe background suppressioncan be used to checkwhether even small compo-nents are present on theboard.
Checking for caps
BOS 26K Diffuse withbackgroundsuppression
BOS 18M Diffuse withbackgroundsuppression
Depending on installationcircumstances and therequired switching distance,a wide variety of diffusesensors with backgroundsuppression can be em-ployed. For tight mountingspaces the BOS 6K is ideal.If maximum resolution isrequired, the BOS 18M isthe best choice; and ifgreater sensing range isneeded, sensors from theseries BOS 26K, BOS 36Kor BOS 65K will solve theproblem.
2.0
PhotoelectricSensors
www.balluff.de
BOS 18MPotentiometer
Metal
16 m
4 m
2 m
100 mm, 200 mm,400 mm, 1 m
10...120 mm,40...120 mm
depending onfiber type
10...30 V DC,20...250 V AC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 65/IP 67
infrared/red
M18×62...95 mm
2.1.18
Type
Housing material
Through-beamEmitter/receiver
Retroreflective
Retroreflectivewith polarizing filter
Diffuse
Diffuse withfocused light beam
Diffuse withbackground suppression
Fiber opticbase unit
Supply voltage
Outputfunction
Connection
Operating temperature
Protection per IEC 60529
Light type
Dimensions
Unique features
see starting page
Product Overview
2.0.8
Range
BOS 12M
Metal
0...5 m
0...1.5 m
100 mm, 200 mm,400 mm
0...23 mm,10...60 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
M12×65...74 mm
2.1.8
BOS 18MTeach-in
Metal
16 m
2 m
400 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–15...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
M18×70...72 mm
Alarm output
2.1.28
BOS 18MLaserMetal
0...50 m
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–15...+55 °C
IP 65
Laser
M18×79...85 mm
also as rightangle,
focusable
2.1.30
BOS 18MR
Metal
0...16 m
0...2 m
400 mm
10...120 mm,40...120 mm
10...30 V DC,10...36 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
red
M18×78.6...82 mm
2.1.34
BOS 18E
Stainless steel
16 m
4 m
2 m
100 mm, 200 mm,400 mm
40 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–20...+75 °C
IP 68
infrared/red
M18×70 mm
Tighter sealing,glass or plastic
fiber optics
2.1.38
BOS 08M
Metal
0...1.1 m
25...550 mm
0...55 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
red
M8×50...57.5 mm
2.1.4
PhotoelectricSensors
mini.s
Technical data
Product Overview
2.0.9
BOS 18KF
Plastic
0...20 m
0.1...4.5 m
0...100 mm,0...700 mm
50...100 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
M18×67...81.5 mm
flexiblemountingoptions
2.1.44
BOS 18KFLaserPlastic
0...60 m
0.1...16 m
0...350 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+50 °C
IP 67
Laser
M18×71.5...81.5 mm
flexiblemountingoptions
2.1.48
BOS 18KW
Plastic
0...15 m
0.1...3 m
0...80 mm,0...400 mm
50...100 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
M18×79...93.5 mm
flexiblemountingoptions
2.1.54
BOS 18KWLaserPlastic
0...50 m
0.1...9 m
0...250 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+50 °C
IP 67
Laser
M18×83.5...93.5 mm
flexiblemountingoptions
2.1.60
BOS 30M
Metal
0...2 m
depending onfiber type
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–20...+60 °C
IP 65
infrared
M30×92...108 mm
2.1.68
BOS 6K
Plastic
6 m
0.5 m, 2.5 m
5...300 mm
25...100 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
32×20×12 mm
teach-in
2.1.84
2.0
PhotoelectricSensors
BOS Q08M
Metal
0...1.1 m
25...550 mm
0...55 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
red
8×8×44...59 mm
2.1.72
BOS 5K
Plastic
0...10 m
0.1...4 m
0...900 mm,50...200 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
19.5×31.5×10.8 mm
2.1.76
www.balluff.de
mini.s
BOS 21M
Metal
0...20 m
0.1...8 m,0...2 m, 0...4 m
0.01...1 m,0.05...2 m
20...200 mm,70...200 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
41.5×49×15 mm
Glass sensingthrough-beam with
auto-collimation
2.1.98
Type
Housing material
Through-beamEmitter/Receiver
Retroreflective
Retroreflectivewith polarizing filter
Diffuse
Diffuse withfocused light beam
Diffuse withbackground suppression
Fiber opticbase unit
Distance sensor
Supply voltage
Outputfunction
Connection
Operating temperature
Protection per IEC 60529
Light type
Dimensions
Unique features
see starting page
Product Overview
2.0.10
Range
BOS 15K
Plastic
5 m
2 m
100 mm,500 mm
12 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–15...+55 °C
IP 66
infrared/red
29×44×13 mm
also with axiallight exit
2.1.92
BOS 21MLaserMetal
0...60 m
0.1...20 m
0...600 mm
50...100 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–10...+50 °C
IP 67
Laser
41.5×49×15 mm
2.1.102
BOS 25K
Plastic
0...5 m
0...4 m
1...900 mm
50...250 mm
10...30 V DC,15...264 V AC/DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–15...+55 °C
IP 65
red
50×50×18 mm
2.1.110
BOS 26K
Plastic
0...5.5 mm
30...300 mm,150...600 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
50×50×17 mm
LS with auto-collimation
2.1.116
BOS 26KLaserPlastic
0...2.5 mm,0...12 m
30...150 mm,50...300 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–15...+45 °C
IP 67
Laser
50×50×17 mm
LS with auto-collimation
2.1.118
BOS 6KLaserPlastic
0.1...1 m
20...60 mm,30...110 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
Laser
20×30×12 mm
teach-in
2.1.86
PhotoelectricSensors
Technical data
Product Overview
2.0.11
BOS 35K
Plastic
0...8 m
0...4 m,0.25...8 m
0...200 mm,0...400 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–5...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
50×60×15 mm
fully potted
2.1.124
BOS 36K
Plastic
0...50 m
0.1...8 m
10...2000 mm
100...500 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 66
infrared/red
55×65×20 mm
rotatableconnector
2.1.130
BOS 65K
Plastic
0...50 m
0.3...8 m
50...2000 mm
200...1100 mm
10...30 V DC,17...264 V AC/DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/terminal chamber
–20...+55 °C
IP 67
infrared/red
73×85×32 mm
Time functions,alarm output
2.1.136
BOS 15K
Plastic
depending onfiber type
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–15...+55 °C
IP 66
red
29×54×13 mm
2.2.4
BOS 20K
Plastic
depending onfiber type
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
0...+60 °C
IP 65
red
30×60×13 mm
teach-in
2.2.6
BOD 6K
Plastic
20...80 mm
20...80 mm
15...30 V DC
analogPNP NO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
red
20×32×12 mm
teach-in
2.2.28
2.0
PhotoelectricSensors
BOS 73K
Plastic
depending onfiber type
11...26 V DC
PNPNO/NC
Connector/cable
–25...+55 °C
IP 54
red
30×60×9 mm
with display
2.2.8
BOS 74K
Plastic
depending onfiber type
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+60 °C
IP 66
red
41×69×12 mm
2.2.10
www.balluff.de
BOD 66M
Metal
100...600 mm
100...600 mm
18...30 V DC
analog/PNPNO
Connector
–20...+50 °C
IP 65
red
73×90×30 mm
2.2.40
Type
Housing material
Distance sensor
Diffuse withbackground suppression
Contrast sensor
Luminescence sensor
Color sensor
Slot sensor
Angle sensor
Dynamic optical window
Supply voltage
Outputfunction
Connection
Operating temperature
Protection per IEC 60529
Light type
Dimensions
Unique features
see starting page
Product Overview
2.0.12
Range
BOD 63MLaserMetal
500...6000 mm
500...6000 mm
15...30 V DC
analog/PNPNO
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 65
Laser
90×70×35 mm
2.2.36
BOD 66MLaserMetal
200...2000 mm
200...2000 mm
18...30 V DC
analog/PNPNO
Connector
–20...+50 °C
IP 65
Laser
73×90×30 mm
2.2.42
BKT 6K
Plastic
40...150 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–20...+60 °C
IP 67
Laser
20×30×12 mm
focusedlight beam
2.2.46
BKT 21M
Metal
19 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–25...+55 °C
IP 67
white
42.5×50×15 mm
2.2.48
BKT M
Metal
9 mm (18 mm)
10...30 V DC
analog/PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+55 °C
IP 67
red/green
62×83×31 mm
Interchangeableoptics
2.2.50
BOD 26KLaserPlastic
45...85, 30...100,80... 300 mm
30...100 mm,80... 300 mm
18...28 V DC18...30 V DC
analog/PNPNO/NC
Connector/cable
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
Laser
50×50×17 mm
adjustablemeasuring range
2.2.30
PhotoelectricSensors
Technical data
Product Overview
2.0.13
BLT 21M
Metal
0...40 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 67
UV
42.5×50×15 mm
2.2.54
BLT M
Metal
9...18 mm
10...30 V DC
analog/PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 67
UV
62×83×31 mm
other rangeswith added
lenses
2.2.56
BFS 26K
Plastic
12...32, 15...30,18... 22 mm
12...28 V DC
3 × PNPNO
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 67
white
50×50×17 mm
variouslight spot sizes
2.2.60
BGL
Metal
5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80,120, 180, 220 mm fixed
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
red
depending on type
stackable
2.2.64
BGLLaserMetal
30, 50, 80,120 mm
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
Laser
depending on type
stackable
2.2.68
BOWA
Metal
40×80, 80×80,120×80 mm fixed
10...30 V DC
PNPNO
Connector
–10...+55 °C
IP 65
infrared
depending on type
dynamicmeasurement
2.2.78
PhotoelectricSensors
BGL 21
Metal
2 mm fixed
10...30 V DC
PNP/NPNNO/NC
Connector
0...+55 °C
IP 65
red/green
90×26×20 mm
for label sensing
2.2.71
BWL
Metal
22×22, 43×43,42×62 mm
10...30 V DC
PNPNO
Connector
–10...+60 °C
IP 67
infrared
depending on type
2.2.74
2.0
www.balluff.de
Wire colorsdesignationper DIN IEC 60757
BN brownBK blackBU blueOG orangeWH whiteRD redGY gray
... in the receiver (PNP opencollector – 30 mA). Thereceiver is equipped with analarm output. It acts asa warning signal when thefunction is affected by con-tamination or mechanicalmaladjustment.The alarm output is activatedwhen the receive signal ispresent in the alarm range
stable
unstable
stable
Switchingthreshold
Stability(green LED)
Alarm
The alarm output ...(for series BOS 15,BOS 18 teach-in, BOS 25,BOS 65, BOS 74)
Auto-collimation Emitter and receiver use acommon lense. The emitterlight passes through thebeam splitter and the lens tothe reflector. The reflectorbounces the emitter lightback to the lens. This gives
retroreflective sensors havingauto-collimation a small,round beam profile.And there is another benefit:no dead area for sensingand for the reflector, bettersmall parts detection, andthe switching characteristic
Analog output A sensor with an analogoutput does not switch at aparticular target distance.These devices have ananalog output with andistance-dependent output
signal. The output voltagecorresponds to the objectlocation within the sensingrange.These systems operate onthe same principle as
sensors with backgroundsuppression. They generatea linear output signal withina certain range (measuringrange)
... is the time which thesensor requires for actuation
when the target objectleaves the sensing zone, at a
Turn-off delay ... transmission efficiency factorof 0.5.
Dark-onper DIN 44030
Consumerswitched onswitched off
Amplifierconductingnon conducting
Light receivernon-illuminatedilluminated
Through-beam Through-beam sensorsconsists of separate emitterand receiver units whichmust be aligned on oppositesides of the sensing path.A target interrupts the lightbeam and causes the
receiver to switch regardlessof the surface character-istics. Through-beam ver-sions are best in unfavorableconditions (e.g. dust,moisture, oil).
for a defined length of time.For series BOS 18M teach-inand BOS 65K the entire
family, including diffuse andretroreflective, is equippedwith an alarm.
Principles,Definitions
2.0.14
Target
Emitter Receiver
... is the response time asensor needs if the target
object enters the sensingzone, with the transmission
Turn-on delay ... efficiency at a factor of 2.
is independent of theapproach direction.
Receiver
EmitterBeam splitter
Detectionarea
LensReflector
PhotoelectricSensors
Ranges of up to 50 m canbe achieved.
Color sensing Sensors for color recognitiondetect objects based ontheir color. The sensor is
calibrated so that itrecognizes objects having acertain color.
Objects with different colorsdo not generate a switchingsignal.
Focusing To achieve a smaller lightspot, the light beam from theemitter is focused usinglenses. Focusing and theresulting light spot allow the
switch to better detect smallparts and details.Focusing is often used withretroreflective sensors aswell as with diffuse sensors
... is the portion of lightwhich impinges on the
Ambient light ... receiver, but does notoriginate from the emitter.
in conjunction withbackground suppression.
Slot sensor Slot sensors are through-beam designs in which theemitter and receiver arearranged opposing in aU-shaped housing. The fixedhousing makes alignmentand the electrical connectioneasier. Different ranges are
available by selecting diffe-rent housing configurations.Slot openings of between5 and 120 mm in variousstep sizes are avail-able.The built-in potenti-ometerand diaphragms allow youto adjust the slot sensors
easily for detecting partsdown to a diameter of0.5 mm.
Gray scale shift Gray scale shift is theswitching distance differencewhen calibrating usingdifferent object reflectivities.The sensor is calibrated for adistance using a Kodak gray
card having 90 % reflection.A Kodak gray card having18 % reflection is used andthe resulting distancemeasured. The differencebetween these two
switchpoints in % is referredto as the gray scale shift.The smaller the gray scaleshift the less color-dependent the sensor willbe.
2.0.15
Principles,Definitions
Polyurethane jacket
– Temperature T = +85 °C– excellent
chemical resistance– flexible– no embrittlement from oils
and cooling emulsions.
Corrugated metal tube,silicon jacketed– Temperature T = +150 °C– highly flexible– tread-resistant– can be sterilized.
Metal jacket
– Temperature T = +250 °C– resistant to hot chips– flexible– tread-resistant.
Optical conductors aremade of glass or plastic witha diameter of as little as50 µm and bunched inbundles of several hundredindividual fibers to formso-called fiber optics. Thefiber ends are ground andpolished to meet the qualitycriteria of the opticalindustry. The individual fibershave an extremely thin,permanently adhering lubri-cant coating which reducesfriction with the outer jacket
and between the fibers, sothat fiber breaks are virtuallyunheard of even underconstant bending. Thetransmission properties areguaranteed over a longerperiod of time.The ends of the bundles arepotted with the connectionsleeve and the jacket. Ballufffiber optics thus have anIP 67 rating (IP 65 for metaljacket). Moisture and ag-gressive media cannot hurteither the fibers or the slide
coating, so the optical prop-erties remain unaffected.
This design distributes axialpull forces evenly over allthe fibers and protects theindividual fibers from exces-sive pull loads
Fiber optics
Consumerswitched onswitched off
Light receiverilluminatednon-illuminated
Light-onper DIN 44030
Amplifierconductingnot conducting
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...is the distance betweenthe switchpoints for a target
Hysteresis H ... approaching and thenreceding from an optoswitch.
Kodak gray card The "standard target" foroptoelectronic sensors is theKodak gray card. This is acardboard sheet whose
surface has a defined degreeof reflectivity. The sidewith 90 % reflection is usedfor determining the range of
diffuse sensors, and the sidewith 18 % for determining thegray scale shift.
Short circuit protection The output leads can beconnected to the wrongpotential without destroying
the sensor. Together withtheir polarity reversalprotection, these sensors
are completely protectedagainst miswiring.
Lasers, laser class The purpose of laserprotection classes is toprotect persons from laserradiation by specifying limitvalues. Based on this thelasers used are classifiedaccording to a scale whichreferences the degree ofhazard.The calculations used forthe classification and the re-sulting limit values are de-scribed in EN 60825-1/94.The grouping is based on acombination of output powerand wavelength, taking into
account duration of theemission, number of pulsesand angle opening.
Balluff sensors operate inthe following laser protectionclasses
Class 1: harmless,no protective measuresnecessaryClass 2: low power, eyelidreflex is sufficient protection.
For devices in Class 1 and2 the eye protects itself fromlooking too long into thebeam through the eyelidreflex. Appropriate warninglabels must be affixed to thedevice and in some casesto the machine in whichthe laser is used. No othermechanical or opticalprotection measures arerequired. When usingdevices from class 1 and 2,no person responsible forlaser protection needs to bepresent.
Correction factors(for diffuse types)
For objects with varyingreflection characteristics, therange can be determined byusing the correction factorsshown. See the adjacenttable.
Factor1
1.2...1.61.2...1.8
10.60.50.40.30.1
Object, surfacePaper, white, matte 200 g/m²Metal, shinyAluminum, black anodizedStyrofoam, whiteCotton fabric, whitePVC, grayWood, roughCardboard, black, shinyCardboard, black, matte
Principles,Definitions
2.0.16
Background suppression(HGA)
HGA allows objects within acertain switching distance tobe detected without beingaffected by a reflectingbackground and virtuallyindependent of objectreflectivity (color or surfacetexture).HGA is realized by allowingthe beam cones of theemitter and receiver tointersect. This results in a
division of the field of viewinto an active area and thebackground. In addition, bydividing the receiver intoat least two adjacent areas(e. g. by using a dual diodeor a PSD element) and bymeans of a geometricarrangement (triangulation),the actual position of theobject within the sensingrange can be determined.
These two design featuresalow the object to be reliablydistinguished from thebackground. Diffuse sensorswith HGA are characterizedby low gray scale shift andhysteresis.
PhotoelectricSensors
Light refraction Light beams experience achange in direction at thesurfaces of two opticalmedia with differing opticaldensity (e. g. glass/air),i. e. they are refracted.The degree of refraction isdependent on the quotientsof the optical densities nnnnn ofboth media and on the angleof incidence �to the optical axis.
Light transmission bytotal reflection
Without the above describedtotal reflection at boundarylayers, fiber optics of today'squality would not beattainable. They consist of acylindrical, light-conductingcore and a surroundingthin-wall jacket. The opticaldensity of the core is greaterthan that of the jacket. Alight beam is always totallyreflected at the junctionbetween core and jacket,and can therefore neverleave the core in a radial
2.0.17
Principles,Definitions
If a light beam travels from adense medium nnnnn into athinner one n'n'n'n'n', its coursethere will show a greaterangle �����'''''. Above �����crit.crit.crit.crit.crit. (criticalangle, at which the deflected
beam runs parallel to theboundary layer), however, itre-enters the medium withdensity nnnnn, i. e. here there istotal reflection.
Total reflection
direction. Theoretically thelight is not weakened bythese reflections; however,contamination and smalldefects both in the corematerial as well as theboundary layer do causelosses (attenuation) and
effectively limit the conductorlength over which reliableinformation can bepropagated.
Diffuse Diffuse types have theemitter and receiver inte-grated into a single housing.Orientation to the target isnot critical.A target object (e. g. astandard target which is90 % reflective) bounces apart of the light from itssurface back to the receiver.
Once the standard targetenters the effective beam(see illustration), a change inthe output switching stateoccurs.The sensing range dependsupon size, shape, color andsurface characteristics ofthe reflecting target object.Using a Kodak gray cardwith 90 % reflectivity (like
reflected, or even scattered.Pulsed infrared LED's arenormally used as the emitter,and phototransistors as thereceiver. The output signal isfor the most part indepen-dent of the ambient lightconditions, since visible lightcan be easily filtered out. Incritical sensing applications,diffuse sensors or through-beam systems with red lightLED's are used, since the
...is used in numerous areasof technology and ineveryday life in controllingapplications. Generally achange in the light intensityin an optical beam (betweenemitter and receiver) causedby a target object isevaluated. Depending on theproperties of this object andthe characteristics of theoptical beam, the light beamis either interrupted or
Light as a sensormedium ...
light beam and the sensingpoint can be visually seenand more easily adjusted.Balluff offers three sensortypes for the variousapplication requirements:diffuse, retroreflective, andthrough-beam sensors.
Emitter/Receiver
EffectivebeamActual beam
Standard target90 % reflective
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white paper), ranges up to2 m can be obtained.
mirror, provide a selectivebarrier against the reflected"object light" while stillallowing the "reflector light"to pass freely.
reflected "object light" from"reflector light". Falseswitching can therefore notbe ruled out. Balluff retro-reflective sensors areavailable with polarizationfilters, which together with aBalluff reflector, which isan "optically active" prism
A part of the emitter light inretroreflective systems isreflected directly back to thereceiver from target objectswith shiny surfaces, e. g.stainless steel, aluminum ortinplate. Simple retro-reflective systems can thusnot reliably distinguish
Polarizing filtersWhen do you need them?
How do they work? Light consists of a number of"single beams", all of whichoscillate sinusoidally aroundtheir propagation axes.Their polarization planes arehowever independent ofeach other and can assumeany angle orientation (seefigure). When they meeta polarizing filter (fine gridlines), only the beamsoscillating parallel to the grid
plane are allowed to pass,and those oscillating at rightangles to the grid are can-celled out. Of all the otherpolarization planes, only theportion which consistsof parallel components isallowed to pass.
... for blocking reflected light
On the other hand, the lightreflected from the triplemirror, with its polarizationplane rotated by 90º asdescribed above, is allowedto pass unhindered by thisfilter.
... for reliable detection ofreflecting target objects
Behind the filter, the lightonly oscillates parallel to thepolarization plane. Forthis light, an additional 90ºrotated polarizing filterbecomes an impassablebarrier.
Principles,Definitions
2.0.18
With a 90º rotated polarizingfilter in front of both theemitter and receiver of aretroreflective system,you can therefore preventreflected light from areflecting target object fromfalse triggering the signal ofthe photoreceiver.
The receiver of a retro-reflective system is therebyfully shielded even whena reflecting target objectenters the beam, so that theobject is still reliablydetected.
... is 35...85 %(non-condensing).
Max. humidity ...
Luminescence To sense invisible marks onobjects, so-calledluminescent materials(contained in special chalks,inks, paints etc.) are usedwhich can only be madevisible under ultraviolet (UV)
light. The fluorescent ma-terials convert the invisibleUV light (short wavelength,here 380 nm) into visible light(between blue 450 nm anddark red 780 nm).
This effect is called photo-luminescence.The visible light can then bedetected as usual by thereceiver component of thesensor.
PhotoelectricSensors
Depending on the surfacecomposition of the object,one of three types of
ReflectionWhat is it? Light beams propagate in
free space in a straight line.Upon striking an object, theyare reflected back.
... occurs with a highly shiny(reflecting) surface. Theangle of incidence is therebythe same as the angle ofreflection (εI = εE ).
Total reflection ...
Retroreflexion ... ... is caused by two mirrorsat vertical angles to eachother. The double reflectioncauses a light beam to bebounced back in the samedirection. The angle ofincidence can thus bealtered in a relatively widerange.
2.0.19
Principles,Definitions
reflection occurs: totalreflection, retroreflection,and diffuse reflection.
... occurs with an unevenand rough surface. It can bedemonstrated with a varietyof poorly reflecting andvariously oriented miniaturemirrors.Infalling light is widely"scattered" from such asurface. The reflection losses
are higher the darkerand more matte finished thesurface is.
Diffuse reflection ...
Retroreflective
ReflectorEmitter/Receiver
Target
Retroreflective types havethe emitter and receiver inte-grated into a single housing.A reflector on the oppositeside of the beam bouncesthe emitter's light back tothe receiver. A target objectinterrupts the reflected lightbeam and causes a changein the output signal.
With reflective surfaces it isrecommended that the lightreflected from the object befiltered out using a polarizingfilter in front of the receiver,in order to prevent anypossible spurious signals.
The two-dimensionalprinciple of retroreflectiondescribed above can becarried over to a spatialsystem with three mirrorswhich are oriented at rightangles to each other (onecorner of a cube standingon its point). A light beamentering this system is
totally reflected by all threesurfaces and exits parallel tothe infalling beam.Triple mirrors are said to be"optically active", becausethey also rotate the polar-ization level of the reflectedlight beam by 90º. Thischaracteristic is needed –together with a polarization
Reflectorsoptically active triple mirrors
Six triple-mirrors arecombined into a hexagonand arranged in honeycombfashion. Their orientationwith respect to the lightbeam is then totallyuncritical.
These are generally made ofplastics with high opticaldensity, injected as sheets orpressed into flexible tape.
filter (see page 2.0.18) – toprovide reliable detection ofreflecting objects using ret-roreflective sensor systems.
The reflection losses are inthe ideal case negligible.
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Switching distanceSwitching distance s ... ... is the distance between
the standard target and the"sensing face" of the lightsensor for causing a signalchange (per EN 60947-5-2).
... is a switching distanceparameter which ignoresmanufacturing tolerances,random variance, andexternal influences liketemperature and voltage.
Actual switchingdistance sr ...
... is the switching distanceat rated voltage Ue takinginto account manufacturingtolerances at rated ambienttemperature(T = +23 °C ±0.5).
Useful switchingdistance su ...
... is the permissibleswitching distance withinspecified voltage andtemperature ranges(0.80 sn ≤ su ≤ 1.20 sn).
Blind zone ... ... is the permissibleswitching distance withinspecified voltage andtemperature ranges(0.80 sn ≤ su ≤ 1.20 sn).
Detection range sd ... ... is the area within whichthe switching distance of anopto switch can be set usinga standard target.
Rated switchingdistance sn ...
sn
sr
su
sd
120 % 80 %
Blin
e zo
ne
0 %
Sen
sing
fac
eKod
ak g
ray
card
135 % 100 %
Emitter light Optical sensors generallyuse the following emittercomponents:
Red light-LEDVisible light, good as analignment aid and for sensoradjustment.Infrared-LED (IR)Invisible beam with highenergy.
Red light laserVisible light whose physicalproperties make it ideal forsmall parts detection andlong ranges.
Principles,Definitions
2.0.20
Teach-in Sensor settings on teach-insensors do not have to bemade using a potentiometeror slide switches; everythingis controlled with the push ofa button. The microcontrollerintegrated into teach-insensors allows the entiresetup sequence to becontrolled by pressing the
button. The use of definedcalibration steps also meansthat the sensor cannot becalibrated for an unreliablezone. The microcontrolleralso assumes control of thecontamination indicator andthe contamination output.A variety of Balluff teach-insensors also provide the
option of remote operation,whereby the teach-in cal-ibration process is initiated"externally" through a cableline.
PhotoelectricSensors
2.0.21
Principles,Definitions
... is the switchpoint shiftwith changing temperature in% of sr.
Temperature drift ...
... for the emitter interruptsthe light pulses from theemitter and allows thefunction of emitter andreceiver to be checked.When using Test+, Test–must be at 0 V, when usingTest–, Test+ must be at10...30 V.The receiver output must
switch each time when avoltage of 10...30 V DC(Test+) or 0 V (Test–) ispresent on the test input.Contamination or mal-adjustment on the opticalaxis causes the emittersignal to reach the receiveronly weakly, if at all.Therefore the output will not
switch even though the testinput is activated. The testfunction provides a remotecheck of the thru-beam typeand serves as a preventivemeasure.
The test input ...(for series BOS 15, BOS 25,BOS 36, BOS 65, BOS 74)
... is a measure of thelights transmission ability ofa medium.
Transmission ... It is defined as the ratio of:– passed to– entering light (in %).
Diffuse transmission is theterm which is used when thelight is partially or completelydiffused.
In triangulation ... ... the light cones of athrough-beam systemintersect each other at anarrow angle. A target objectwill only be registered inthe area where the conesoverlap. The emitter lightwhich is reflected or diffusedfrom objects outside thislimited zone cannot be
registered by the photo-receiver. This fact canbe used to advantage inthe triangulation methodto sense relatively smalldistance changes(e.g. grooves, shaftrecesses). Color and shapeof the object have very littleeffect on the registration.
Rated switching distance sn
Actual switching distance (in % of sn)
Switching hysteresis (in %)
∅ of the response beam at sn/2 typ. (mm)
∅ of the active area (mm)
Diffuse
100 mm 200 mm 400 mm 1 m 2 m
125 125 125 135 150
≤ 20 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 15 ≤ 15
20 25 150 300 300
Background suppression
120 mm 250 mm 1.1 m
135 135 135
≤ 1 ≤ 1 ≤ 1
6 10 25
Retroreflective
2 m 4 m 8 m
150 150 150
≤ 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 10
50 100 150
Through-beam
5 m 8 m 16 m 50 m
150 150 150 150
≤ 15 ≤ 15 ≤ 15 ≤ 15
8 12 12 20
Technical Data, general
Ambient operatingtemperature ...
... is the temperaturerange within which reliableoperation of the opto
switch is guaranteed.Balluff standard:–15 °C ≤ Ta ≤ +55 °C
Polarity reversalprotection
The supply voltage leadscan be reversed withoutdestroying the sensor. Incombination with the short
circuit protection, thesesensors are completelyprotected against miswiring.
Contamination ...(influence on the sensingrange)
... reduces the indicatedsensing range of sensorsand fiber optics ascompared with "pure air",because the dirt and dustparticles:
– accumulate on the lensesand affect theirtransparency, and
– absorb and diffuse thelight in the incoming beam.
An oil-free source of com-pressed air can be used toprevent dirt and contami-nation effects due to impureair.
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Emitter
Receiver
Target
www.balluff.de
... illuminates in the "safe"range, where the inputenergy is at least 30 % overor under the "thresholdenergy".The "threshold energy"at which a signal changeis effected, is defined as100 %. The "safe" range istherefore reached when:
– the input signal is at130 % or more of thethreshold energy
– the input signal is at70 % or less than thethreshold energy.
Output(red LED)
Dar
k-on
Ligh
t-on
stable
unstable
stable
Switchingthreshold
Stability(green LED)
The contaminationindicator (green) ...(for series BOS 15, BOS 18(some), BOS 25, BOS 44,BOS 65, BOS 74)
Contamination scale Pure airTrace contaminationSlight contaminationModerate contamination
High contamination
Worst contamination
Ideal conditionsRelatively clean air in indoor roomsTool and storage roomsDusty and vaporous environmentswitching distance reduced by a factor of s = 0.5 su
Heavy precipitations, swirling flakes and chipsoptosensor function may failCoal dust precipitating on the lensoptosensor function may fail
Principles,Definitions
2.0.22
Resistanceto mechanical impactper EN 60068-2-27
Pulse shape: half-sinePeak acceleration:300 – (30 gn)Pulse duration: 11 ms
m s2
3 shocks per main axisand direction, for a total of18 shocks
to continuous shockper EN 60068-2-29
Pulse shape: half-sinePeak acceleration:1000 – (100 gn)Pulse duration: 2 ms
m s2
4000 shocks per main axisand direction, i. e. 24.000shocks in total
to mechanical vibrationper EN 600068-2-6
Frequency range:10...2000 HzAmplitude: 1 mm(peak-to-peak) to 122 Hz30 gn above 122 Hz
Duration: 20 for eachposition and direction
PhotoelectricSensors