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8/7/2019 Photography and Ethics
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Rachel EganJour 390February 6, 2011Chapter 11
Photographs and Ethics
Since the early roots of photography over a thousand years ago and
the increased interest of photographic development since the mid 1800s, the
issue of photographic privacy has been a prevalent concern. Questions about
ethics and personal privacy have been not only topics of conversation
between the photographer and their subjects, but also in the news as well.
Throughout the years, different photographs have caused problems in
regards to a persons right to privacy and the matter of newsworthiness has
been debated. Ethical issues involving photography have become
increasingly problematic throughout the past fifty or so years since cameras
have become mainstream and available to the general public (Warren).
The issue of privacy and protection from photographs,
photographers, and journalists has arisen multiple times at pivotal moments
throughout history. Time and time again, the matter of newsworthiness is
stated as justification for taking and printing photographs that may cross the
line of personal privacy (Calvacca). In the case of a photograph taken by
Kathy Shorr of a lesbian couple who were going to a commitment ceremony
and later published accompanying a story about societys progression, the
judge ruled that even though they hadnt signed a release form, the images
were newsworthy and therefore available for public printing (Calvacca). As a
generally agreed upon practice, if the newspaper or publication has any
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justification for newsworthiness of the photograph, the publication will not
get in trouble for printing it (Scott).
Emotional implications of photographs are largely considered when
publishing photographs (Lester). Although journalists generally hide behind
the cover of newsworthiness, there are still ethical implications that they
must consider when capturing and printing a photograph. One such
consideration is the breakfast test (Allen). According to Theresa Allen of Cal
Poly State University, if one looks at a photograph in a publication at the
breakfast table and cannot physically and/or emotionally handle the image
while they are eating, the photograph should not be published as a portion of
the article (Allen).
In the recent years, photographs of military coffins returning home
from over seas have become more and more problematic (Lester). Although
there is a discrepancy of opinion about whether or not certain photographs
of military personnel should be published, many publications continue to
print said photographs using newsworthiness as their defense (Despite Ban).
The Seattle Times is just one example of a newspaper that, in 2004, had to
justify the publication of photo of an American flag draped over a coffin on its
front page (Quill). The images of soldiers coffins have become a tense topic
of conversation between the government and publication companies. The
disagreement arises between whether publishing the images of the coffins of
the fallen soldiers is an invasion of privacy for the soldier and his or her
family and the publics right to know (Despite Ban).
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Although there are laws regarding the use of photographs in news
stories, the use of the internet and personal cameras especially digital
cameras has blurred the lines of that which is ethical and accepted, and
that which is not (Lasn). Digital photography has become mainstream to
the point that virtually every person in first world countries has access to a
camera. Digital cameras, with photo and still image capabilities, are not only
so small that they can fit into a pocket or a purse, but just about every cell
phone on the market has a color, high resolution camera built in (Lasn). The
increased, every day use of digital photography has made it nearly
impossible to protect the photographic rights of every person at any given
moment in time. The issue of digital photographs and publications has
developed to the point of understanding that if the photograph is taken in a
public place and is of something available to the public eye, the
photographer has a right to take and publish the photo without explicit
consent from the person in the photograph (Warren).
Although the United States government attempts to protect the rights
of photographers as well as their subjects, the increased use of personal
cameras has proven to be a difficult hurdle to overcome. The ability for any
person to snap a photograph at nearly any time they want makes it difficult
to create laws regarding photographic privacy. The world of ethics
surrounding photographs is constantly changing and evolving as is the
mentality surrounding the use of cameras in sensitive situations. The
discrepancy between a persons right to privacy and a publications right to
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print that which is newsworthy will continue to be an issue addressed for
many years to come.
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Works Cited
Allen, Theresa. Class Lecture. Journalism Ethics. California State University, San Luis
Obispo, CA. February, 2010.
Calvacca, Lorraine. "Public pictures, private lives." Folio: the Magazine for Magazine
Management24.9 (1995): 23. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.
"Despite Ban, Newspapers Publish Coffin Photos. Quill92.5 (2004): 6-7. Academic
Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.
Lasen, Amparo, and Edgar Gomez-Cruz. "Digital Photography and Picture Sharing:
Redefining the Public/Private Divide." Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 22.3 (2009): 205-215.
Lester, Paul Martin. Visual Communication: Images With Messages, Fifth Edition.
Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.
Scott, Sandra Davidson. "Beyond reason: A feminist theory of ethics for journalists."
Feminist Issues 13.1 (1993): 23-40. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.