PhotosynthesisChapter 4

Where does all of our energy come from?

THE SUN

How do plants get food? Photosynthesis- Process by which

green plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates

________________ – Can transfer energy to produce food – can synthesize food

_________________ – Must obtain energy from preformed food – gotta eat food!

light chemical

Autotrophic

Heterotrophic

THE FORMULA

_____________________ ________________chlorophyll

enzymes

Seems simple, huh? Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions

from start to finish

carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen

Where does Photosynthesis happen? In the _________________!

Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of stacks called grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma.

Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana

chloroplasts

ATP When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is

absorbing energy It stores it in the __________ of Adenosine

Triphosphate (ATP)bonds

ATP v ADP

Section 4.1 Review What is the difference between an

autotroph and a heterotroph?

How are ADP and ATP related?

What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The products?

Autotroph—makes own foodHeterotroph—needs to eat food

ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy)ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energyThey go back and forth

carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen

2 Main steps of PS1. Light reactions—occurs only in the

presence of ___________ Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the

chloroplasts Also known as Photolysis because light is

used to __________ _________ molecules into hydrogen and oxygen

light

split water

2 Main steps of PS1. Dark Reactions—can occur in light

____ darkness. Follows light reactions Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts Also known as Carbon fixation because

CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens and energy from the light reaction

or

Light Reactions1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from

sunlight. Water is __________ _________ Oxygen is ______________

2. Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into the air

broken downreleased

The Dark Reactions1. _________ is added to a cycle of

reactions to build larger molecules

2. A molecule of simple sugar is formed _____________

CO2

glucose

Section 4.2 Review What is the role of chlorophyll in

photosynthesis?

What goes in the light reactions? What comes out?

What goes in the dark reactions? What comes out?

Absorbs energy from sunlight

IN: light and waterOUT: Oxygen

IN: CO2

OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)

The route from food to energy________

Then

With oxygen

Aerobic Respiration

Without oxygen

Fermentation

Alcoholic

Lactic Acid

Goes through Glycolysis

Not a lot of ATP made

GLUCOSE

Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid

molecules Occurs in ______________

cytoplasm

Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated

___ “net” ATP gained2

Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does ______ require oxygen

______________

Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue

not

Anaerobic

Fermentation Two types

_______________ fermentation

__________ ________ fermentation

Alcoholic

Lactic acid

Section 4.4 Review—Part A Where does glycolysis take place?

What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?

Why does fermentation occur?

What are the two different types of fermentation?

Cytoplasm

IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule

No oxygen present

Lactic acid Alcoholic

Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in _______________ Require _________

_________ process

NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!

eukaryotes

oxygen

Aerobic

Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!

_______________ are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Mitochondria

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle

o Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions• 2 ATP are generated

CO2

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. __________ ___________ ________

o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo _____________ are produced

Electron transport chain

32 ATP

Section 4.4 Review—Part B Where does aerobic respiration take place?

What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?

What goes into electron transport? What comes out?

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Mitochondria

IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2

IN: Oxygen OUT: ATP!!!

Reactants of one are basically the products of the other