Photosynthesis Process in which light

energy converts inorganic compounds into chemical energy of organic compounds (food)

Form of autotrophic nutrition

EquationCarbon + dioxide

water

oxygenglucose +water +light

Chlorophyll

light6CO2 +12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2Chlorophyll

http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photosynthesis.swf

(wastes)

Where does Photosynthesis occur?

Cells of leaves

Cells that contain chloroplast which contains chlorophyll

a green pigment that absorbs light

AutotrophsAutotrophs perform photosynthesis. perform photosynthesis.

Include most plants, some bacteria & Include most plants, some bacteria & protists protists

(algae)(algae) Capable of synthesizing Capable of synthesizing organicorganic materials from materials from

inorganicinorganic raw materials raw materials Ultimate source of energy = SunUltimate source of energy = Sun

(a) Mosses, ferns, andflowering plants

(b) Kelp

(c) Euglena(d) Cyanobacteria

THE BASICS:THE BASICS:

Organelle: Occurs in the CHLOROPLASTRaw materials: Carbon dioxide & WaterProducts: Glucose & Oxygen gasPlants use some Glucose for their own energy– and

store excess as STARCH

THE BASICS:THE BASICS:

Review

video

Raw materials/ reactants Products

Leaf is the photosynthetic organ of the plant

What happensduring photosynthesis?

2 PARTS1. Light dependent reactions

Photochemical reactions

Chlorophyll traps light causing

Water to split into H and O

H2O H2 + O

Oxygen (waste) exits through stomata

Hydrogen = used for next part

H2O H2 + O

Oxygen (air)

2. Light – Independent reactions

Dark reactions Carbon fixationNo light needed

CO2 and H combine to form glucose

CO2+ H

Glucose (C6H12O6

)

What are the gas bubbles produced by the plant?Which of the 2 reactions produced these

bubbles, the light or the dark?

Best color light for photosynthesisBlue & red

Easily absorbed

Least effective = green (reflected)

What is the glucose used for?Respiration (making energy)

Glucose

ATP

Stored as starch

Do plantscarry outrespiration?

Yes in order to produce energy

Aerobic Respiration

Occurs in mitochondria

Do you recall?Which organelle is the site of autotrophic nutrition?

What are the two raw materials necessary for a plant to perform photosynthesis?

Analyze this reaction isit dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?

A

CB

DO NOW: Copy and complete the chart

below and answer the question below.

Why is photosynthesis an important process to all living things?

Reverse of photosynthesis

Produces food (source of energy) for itself & all

other organisms

ROOTS STOMATA

LEAVES

VASCULAR TISSUE/BUNDLE

the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soilThe two major functions of roots

are

ROOTS

1.) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients 2.) anchoring the plant body to the ground

ROOT HAIRSIncrease surface

area for absorption of

water and nutrients

STOMATA (stomate; singular) is a pore found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange Guard cells which

are responsible for regulating the size of the opening

LEAVES

A leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis

Adaptive Features of Leaves

Flat and thin to increase surface area for light exposure

Stomata on the lower surface

Cuticle for protection

ChloroplastsPalisade Layer

Spongy Layer

Epidermis

Stomate and guard cells

Cuticle

CUTLICLE

Prevents contamination of plant tissues with external water, dirt and microorganisms

Creates a waterproof membrane

VASCULAR TISSUE

VASCULAR TISSUE/BUNDLE

Contains Xylem and Phloem tubes

Tubes that are used to transport materials

around plant

Xylem transports water from the roots

Phloem transports food (glucose)

Review:

Abiotic = nonliving part of ecosystem (ex. minerals, water,

temperature)

Photosynthesis Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_u

ez5WX1o

The World of Plants: Photosynthesis – unitedstreaming.com

CHROMATOGRAPHY

The water is above the pigment mixture spot

Different Pigments Absorb Different Pigments Absorb Light DifferentlyLight Differently

Best Overall Colors: _____________ and ____________

Worst Overall Color: _______________

Within which Within which organelleorganelle does photosynthesis occur? does photosynthesis occur? What are the two What are the two raw materialsraw materials of photosynthesis? of photosynthesis? What are the What are the productsproducts of the photosynthesis reaction? of the photosynthesis reaction? What What types of organismstypes of organisms perform photosynthesis?perform photosynthesis? What is the major product of the What is the major product of the light reactionlight reaction?? What is the major product of the What is the major product of the dark reactiondark reaction?? WhereWhere does the light reaction occur? does the light reaction occur? WhereWhere does the dark reaction occur? does the dark reaction occur? What molecule is What molecule is splitsplit in order to release oxygen gas? in order to release oxygen gas? What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth?What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth? What are the two most effective colors of light for What are the two most effective colors of light for

photosynthesis?photosynthesis? What is the worst color of light for photosynthesis?What is the worst color of light for photosynthesis? Provide an example of 3 organisms that are capable of Provide an example of 3 organisms that are capable of

photosynthesizing. photosynthesizing.

plateau

At low CO2 concentration, rate is positively correlated with concentration

As amount of available CO2 increases, photosynthesis increases

until a point, then it levels off.

plateau

As the amount of available light

increases, the rate of photosynthesis

increases - then it levels off.

Increased temp. gives increased energy and increased rate of photosynthesis

Optimum temperature

Above the optimum temp., enzymes are denatured and rate drops steeply.

Which enzymes are used in respiration?

As temperature increases, rate of photosynthesis increases to a point…

Above 35 C the rate rapidly decreases…

WHY???

Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted

into chemical energy.

True or False: Photosynthesis

occurs during the day-time ONLY!

True or False:As the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis will

decrease.

True or False:Oxygen and water are the raw materials for

the process of photosynthesis.

True of False:Photosynthesis is a

process performed by autotrophs in which light energy is converted into

chemical energy.

This term refers to the complex

carbohydrate that plants store their excess sugar as?

What is the least effective color of

light for plants to do photosynthesis in?

Why?

True or False:Guard Cells are holes in

the surface of a leaf which allow the

passage of oxygen gas.

What life process studied earlier this year includes the

process of photosynthesis?

Explain the Process of Photosynthesis with regard to the following:

List the raw materials needed for this process List the products made from this process State the types of organisms that do this process State the time of day that this process takes place State the type of cells (plant or animal) that are capable

of this process State the importance of this process Explain how the glucose created in this process enters

the cells of animals and is put to use.

1. What is this picture a cross section of?

2. What are tiny openings found in the lower epidermis called?

3. What structures are present to control the opening and closing of these “holes”?

4. What substances are exchanged through these openings?

5. How is the closing of these tiny openings during a drought an exmape of the plant maintaining homeostasis?

1. Identify one substance that could be found at letter “A”.

2. Identify the source of energy necessary to allow the chloroplast to perform photosynthesis.

3. What types of cells, plant or animal, contain mitochondria?

4. What are the two substances released by the chloroplast at letter “B”?

5. What important cell process can the mitochondria perform?

6. What is the ATP released by the mitochondria used for?

7. What might a plant do with excess glucose produced by photosynthesis?

How does the structure of a leaf assist in the maintenance of homeostasis for the plant?