Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis1. Chlorophyll2. Light reaction3. Products=C6H12O6+O2

4. Light energy to food energy

5. Chloroplast6. Calvin Cycle7. Reactants=CO2+H2O

8. Plants & Algae

• Cellular Respiration1. Krebs cycle2. Glycolysis3. Products=CO2+H2O+ATP

4. Food energy to cell energy5. Mitochondria6. Fermentation7. Reactants=C6H12O6+O2

8. All organisms

DNA vs RNA

• DNA1. Double helix2. Instructions3. Nucleic acids4. Nucleotides5. Replication6. Transcription7. Stays in nucleus8. Contain thymine9. Deoxyribonucleic acid

• RNA1. Ribonucleic acid2. Nucleic acid3. Nucleotides4. Transcription5. Translation6. Workers7. Transfer8. Contain uracil9. Leaves nucleus10. messenger

Transcription vs Translation

• Transcription1. Nucleus2. Like replication3. mRNA made4. DNA to mRNA

• Translation1. Protein synthesis2. mRNA to protein3. Amino acid chain4. Ribosome5. tRNA made

• Codominance1. Heterozygote expresses

both alleles2. Roan3. Sickle cell anemia_______________________Polygenic Inheritance4. Human eye color5. Multiple genes6. Height in humans

• Multiple Alleles1. Blood types2. IA IB & O________________________Sex-Linked3. Traits on the X

chromosome4. Eye color in fruit flies5. XhY6. hemophilia

Virus vs Bacteria

• Virus1. HIV2. Vaccine3. Flu4. Reproduces inside a

host cell5. T4 bacteriophage6. Chicken pox7. DNA8. smaller

• Bacteria1. Toxins2. Antibiotic3. Conjunction4. Living5. Strep throat6. Prokaryote7. DNA8. Made up of cells9. Binary fission10. vaccines

• Bryophytes1. Seedless2. First plants to evolve3. Nonvascular4. Gametophyte dominant5. Mosses

Gymnosperms6. Sporophyte dominant7. Vascular8. Pine trees9. Naked seeds

• Pterophytes1. Seedless2. Vascular3. Sporophyte dominant4. Ferns

Angiosperms5. Flowers6. Most recent plants to

evolve7. Sporophyte dominant8. Fruit and seed dispersal9. Vascular10. Monocot or dicot

• Disruptive selection

• Directional selection• Evolution of horse size

• Stabilizing selection• Average variations are

favored

Evidence of a common ancestor

Kingdom Cell Type

Body Form Method of Obtaining Food

Neat Info

Archaebacteria Pro Unicellular Heterotroph Extreme conditions

Eubacteria Pro Uni Heterotroph Nitrogen fixers

Protists Eu Both Auto & Hetero Animal, plant, and fungi like

Fungi Eu Multi Heterotroph digests by absorption

Plants Eu Multi Autotroph ONLY autotrophs

Animals Eu Multi Heterotroph

Mitosis vs Meiosis

• Mitosis1. Diploid2. Interphase3. Skin cells4. Produces 2 cells5. Goes through PMAT

once6. Somatic cells

• Meiosis1. Produces 4 cells2. Gametes3. Eggs4. Trisomy 215. Goes through PMAT twice6. Interphase7. Homologous pairs8. Sperm9. Crossing-over10. haploid

Passive vs Active Transport

• Passive Transport1. Osmosis2. Facilitated diffusion3. Protein channel4. Oxygen/carbon dioxide5. Diffusion6. With a concentration

gradient7. water

• Active Transport1. Requires ATP2. Against a

concentration gradient3. Exocytosis4. Endocytosis5. Protein pump

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic1. Only bacteria2. DNA3. Simple4. Plasma membrane5. First cells6. ribosomes

• Eukaryotic1. Membrane bound organelles2. DNA3. Plants4. Complex5. Plasma membrane6. Ribosomes7. Nucleus8. Animals9. Fungi10. Humans11. protists

• Innate1. Genetically programmed2. Courtship behavior3. Circadian rhythm4. Territoriality5. Migration6. Aggressive behavior______________________Imprinting7. Usually irreversible8. Ducklings following

mother9. Learned behavior

• Habituation1. Learned behavior2. Less reaction to repeated

stimuli3. Horses used by city

police

______________________Conditioning4. Dog training5. Pavlov’s dogs6. Learning by association

Organism A + Organism A + Organism A +Organism B + Organism B - Organism B 0• Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism

A Desert All of the living All of the hawksEcosystem community population

CompetitionBiotic

Soil pHAbiotic Pop growth with limited

Pop growth with unlimited

• Negative Human Impact1. Acid rain2. Habitat destruction3. Ozone hole4. Biomagnification5. Eutrophication6. Global warming

• Positive Human Impact1. Reduce2. Reuses3. Recycle4. Renewable5. Non renewable6. Sustainability

BiotechnologyHuman genome project 9

Gel electrophoresis 2

Artificial selection, selective breeding 7

Genetically modified organisms 8

Gene therapy 6

Cloning 10

Stem cells 11

Pedigree 1

Transgenic organisms 13

Karyotypes 3

Recombinant DNA 5

Bioremediation 12

Tissue culturing 4

Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

monosaccharide Glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Amino acids Nucleotides

Quick energy Energy storage, insulation

Building blocks Genetic material

Glucose More CH than O Peptide bonds Weak H bonds

Cellulose Enzyme Codes for proteins

Starch CHONS DNA

CHO 1:2:1 RNA

glycogen CHONP