Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER) Project Objectives: Monitor...
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Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER) Project Objectives: Monitor performance of grid-tied PV systems Report Energy Yields and
Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER)
Project Objectives: Monitor performance of grid-tied PV systems
Report Energy Yields and Degradation Rates Evaluate new PV system
technologies Principal Investigator for Part 1: Alex Cronin
Students: Adria Brooks, Tucker Bundgard, Alex Hickey, Daniel
Cormode, Deanna Lewis, Nick Davidson, Ryan Price, Vincent Lonij,
Steve Pulver Collaborators: Tucson Electric Power, AZRISE,
Biosphere 2, SOLON Corporation, NREL, University of Arizona
Graduate College, Science Foundation Arizona, NASA Space Grant
Consortium
Slide 2
TEP PV test yard 4350 E. Irvington Rd.
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utility grade AC kwh meter and custom DC current and voltage
monitors
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Sunpower system DC current and voltage monitors
Slide 7
Data loggers from JK microsystems
Slide 8
Tours: weve had over 1,500 visitors since 2009, And given
public lectures to over 6,000 people
Slide 9
AC Output every minute shown for 2 days: Data on-line at:
www.UAPV.org
Slide 10
Daily output from a 1.5 kW PV system Y f = 5.3 h/day = 1935
h/yr Y f = final yield is defined in IEC standard 61724.
Slide 11
TF
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Comparison of final yields in 6 places
Slide 13
Degradation Rates for 20 PV systems Steve Pulver, Daniel
Cormode, Alex Cronin, Dirk Jordan, Sarah Kurtz, Ryan Smith,
Measuring Degradation Rates Without Irradiance Data, 35th IEEE
Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, Honolulu, HI (2010).
Reference:
Slide 14
Temperature and DC Voltage
Slide 15
DC Voltage vs Temperature
Slide 16
Measured Efficiency for 9 systems
Slide 17
Niket Thakkar, Alex Cronin, Daniel Cormode, Vincent Lonij, A
Simple Nonlinear Model for the Effect of Partial Shade, 35th IEEE
Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, Honolulu, HI (2010).
Reference: Mutual Shading Large de-rating
Slide 18
S1 S2 model S1 S2 model Niket Thakkar, Alex Cronin, Daniel
Cormode, Vincent Lonij, A Simple Nonlinear Model for the Effect of
Partial Shade, 35th IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference,
Honolulu, HI (2010). Reference:
Slide 19
S1 S2 model Niket Thakkar, Alex Cronin, Daniel Cormode, Vincent
Lonij, A Simple Nonlinear Model for the Effect of Partial Shade,
35th IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, Honolulu, HI
(2010). Reference:
Slide 20
Niket Thakkar, Alex Cronin, Daniel Cormode, Vincent Lonij, A
Simple Nonlinear Model for the Effect of Partial Shade, 35th IEEE
Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, Honolulu, HI (2010).
Reference: Extrapolations using our non-linear model of mutual
shading. Shade de-rating Optimized kwh/acre
Slide 21
Heuristic for mutual shading: get a clear view of the sky from
the bottom of each module.
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Plans Publish yield and efficiency statistics for PV models
Evaluate PV Performance Models: CEC 5-parameter model Sandia / King
Model PVsyst / PVUSA SAM (NREL) Model Collaborate more with NREL,
SANDIA, SunPower, Semprius, SolFocus, Solindra, SOLON, Global
Solar, TEP and Biosphere2
Slide 29
Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER)
Project Objectives: Monitor performance of grid-tied PV systems
Report Energy Yields and Degradation Rates Evaluate new PV system
technologies Principal Investigator for Part 1: Alex Cronin
Students: Adria Brooks, Tucker Bundgard, Alex Hickey, Daniel
Cormode, Deanna Lewis, Nick Davidson, Ryan Price, Vincent Lonij,
Steve Pulver Collaborators: Tucson Electric Power, AZRISE,
Biosphere 2, SOLON Corporation, NREL, University of Arizona
Graduate College, Science Foundation Arizona, NASA Space Grant
Consortium
Slide 30
Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER)
Project Objectives: High-quality Irradiance data Atmospheric
Science and Power Forecasting Principal Investigator for Part 2:
Bill Conant Students: Anna Woschuitz Collaborators: Tucson Electric
Power, NREL
Slide 31
Photovoltaic Environmental Performance and Reliability (PEPER)
Project Objectives: Develop an accurate temperature measurement
system for monitoring modules at the TEP Yard; Evaluate the
performance of TF and concentrator modules at TEP Principal
Investigator for Part 3: Raymond K. Kostuk, Jose Castro Students:
Derek Zhang Collaborators: Prism Solar Technologies, Global
Solar
Slide 32
Comparison of Temperature Sensors Thermocouple: A junction of
two different metals which produce a voltage related to the
temperature of the junction. Currently at TEP Useful range: 200 C
to +1350 C Thermistor: Generally made of ceramic or polymers, the
resistance varies with temperature Useful range: 90 C to 130 C
Greater precision
Slide 33
Thermistor on GSE 45W modules
Slide 34
Thermistor Temperature Measurement Vs (+5V) High precision, low
temperature coefficient resistor: Rc Vout
Slide 35
Concentration Test Setup Xenon Arc Lamp Collimating Lens
Homogenizing Optics PV Cell Under Test Solar simulator: 300W
Xenon-arc lamp with AM1.5 filter Flash I-V curve obtained with
source meter Temperature is maintained at 25 C Irradiance
referenced with calibrated silicon detectors Irradiance
Distribution on PV Cell Concentrating Lens
Slide 36
Concentration Test Results
Slide 37
Plans Use Global Solar Cells with Prism Concentrators Maximize
yields by harnessing efficiency non-linearities UA Students working
at Global Solar and Prism Solar Tech. Calibrate thermistor sensors
for high accuracy temperature measurements;