PHP and MySQL Project on Courier Management System Project Report

7/21/2019 PHP and MySQL Project on Courier Management System Project Report

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Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

Qbt`m ol tcm Wroemht

- (:) -




Bdtroauhtbod to Wurposm Xystmf (Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf)

Qcbs Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf Wroemht wb`` cjvm abllmrmdt foau`ms. Qcm òkbd smhtbod wb``

cjvm òkbd ljhb`bty lor tcm jafbd jda lor tcm usmr wco wb`` opmrjtm tcbs systmf. [cb`m tjnbdkoramrs lrof bts hustofmrs, bt wb`` tjnm j`` tcm amtjb`s ol bts hustofmrs wco bs p`jhbdk tcm oramrs

jda j`` tcm amtjb`s lor tcm rmhbpbmdt suhc js bts jaarmss, djfm, fob`m dufmr. !urbdk b``bdk

prohmss systmf wb`` kmdmrjtm j trjhnbdk ba lor tcmbr proauhts. Qcroukc tcbs trjhnbdk ba, hustofmrs

or bts rmhbpbmdt wb`` j`m to trjhn tcmbr proauhts lrof jdy òhjtbod usbdk bdtmrdmt. "t wb`` provbam

stjtus ol tcm proauht jltmr p`jhbdk oramrs wbtcbd # fbdutm.

Qcbs Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf Wroemht wb`` provbam bdlorfjtbod rmhbpbmdt wbtc lo`òwbdk

amtjb`s$% wcmrm tcm hurrmdt hodsbkdfmdt bs, tb`` wcmd bt wb`` rmjhcma bts lbdj` amstbdjtbod, bl jdy

am`jy tcmd rmjsod ol tcm am`jy, tcm routm ol hurrmdt hodsbkdfmdt, ajtm ol p`jhbdk hodsbkdfmdt,

lbdj` ajtm to rmjhc bts amstbdjtbod.

[cmd tcm hodsbkdfmdt wb`` vbsbt to tcm hbty ollbhm ol amstbdjtbod, j fmssjkm wb`` m smda to tcm

rmhbpbmdt wbtc am`bvmry stjtus hodlbrfjtbod. Qcmd jltmr kmttbdk tcbs fmssjkm bts rmhbpbmdt hjd tjnm

bts pjrhm`s y usbdk tcmbr Qrjhn "a. [cmd bts rmhbpbmdt wb`` rmhmbvm tcmbr pjrhm`s, tcmd tcbs Qrjhn "a

wb`` m am`mtma jutofjtbhj``y lrof tcm systmf ajtjjsm jltmr # wmmn y smdabdk lbdj`

hodlbrfjtbod fmssjkm to bts rmhbpbmdt fob`m dufmr wcbhc wb`` bdhùam bdlorfjtbod ol Qrjhn "a,

ajtm ol rmhmbvbdk jda tbfm jòdk wbtc krmmtbdk fmssjkm lor provbabdk lurtcmr smrvbhm bd luturm.

"d foamrd jkm, js tbfm bdhrmjsm, dmmas & rm'ubrmfmdts ol tcm pmrsod jrm j`so bdhrmjsma. Qcmy

wjdt form ljhb`bty & try to ao tcmbr tjsn 'ubhn`y & wbtcbd tbfm. (ut tcmy hjd dot kmt j`` tcm

tcbdks jt dmjrmst fjrnmt or jrmj, so tcmy cjvm to bfport tcm tcbdks lrof jdy p`jhm bd tcm worà.

[btcbd tcm houdtry, tcm tcbdks hjd m bfportma tcroukc post smrvbhm. (ut bt hodsufms tcm tbfm &

sofmtbfms pro`mf ol ajfjkm or fbssbdk ohhur. [cmrm js bd tcm bdtmrdjtbodj` fjrnmt, tcm odm

wjy bs scbppbdk. (ut bt j`so rm'ubrms form tbfm.

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Qcm hourbmr smrvbhm bs odm ol tcm soùtbods ol tcmsm pro`mfs. "t bs usma to smda sofm tcbdks to

jdy pmrsod bd tcm worà wbtcbd tbfm.

Qcm hourbmr hofpjdy cjs dufmr ol rjdhcms, wcbhc jrm sprmja ovmr tcm houdtry or tcm worà.

Xo tcjt wcmd pmrsod wjdts to smda tcbdks tcmd cm cjs to hodtjht jt dmjrmst hourbmr smrvbhm rjdhc.

Qcm hourbmr hofpjdy hrmjtms tcm shcmau`m & kbvms bdtmrdj`)m*tmrdj` smrvbhms. Qcm hourbmr smrvbhm

worn js amstbdjtbod ollbhm or sourhm ollbhm. Qcm sourhm ollbhm rjdhc rmhmbvms tcm oramr fmjds

hodsbkdfmdts & smdas bt to tcm amstbdjtbod hourbmr rjdhc. Qcm hofpjdy cjs hmrtjbd ru`ms

jhhorabdk to tcm wmbkct.

+sbdk tcm hourbmr smrvbhm pmrsod hjd mjsb`y smda cbs)cmr pjrhm` to otcmr pmrsod bd tcm pjrtbhu`jr

amstbdjtbod wbtcbd tcm tbfm. ow ajys, -/ ol hofpjdbms ol tcm worà usms tcm smrvbhms ol

vjrbous hourbmr hofpjdy.

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Wroi`mf Amlbdbtbod5

Wmop`m wcmd trjdslmr tcmbr proauhts usbdk jdy hourbmr smrvbhm wjdts to ndow wcmtcmr tcmbr

proauht cjs mmd scbltma to tcmbr rbkct p`jhm or dot, bl dot tcmd y wcjt tbfm bt wb`` m scbltma jda

wcmrm bt bs dow. Qjnbdk j`` tcbs bdlorfjtbod fjduj``y bs vmry abllbhu`t jda tbfm tjnbdk prohmss. Qo

cjda`m j`` tcmsm jhtbvbtbms bdhùam vjrbous prohmssms jda pjpmr worn lrof tcm fjdjkmfmdt sbam

j`so.

Fotbjtbod imcbda tcbs proemht5

Qo kjbd fj*bfuf usbdmss rmkbod, hustofmr amfjdas kooa smrvbhm. Xo to fjnm form prolbt jda

kjbd fj*bfuf usbdmss rmkbod, tcmbr jafbdbstrjtbod fust j`so cjvm j systmf to tjhn`m j`` tcmsm

pro`mfs od tbfm. "ts jafbdbstrjtbod hjd tjnm bffmabjtm oramrs jda provbam j rmhmbpt wcbhc wb``

bdhùam j`` tcm amtjb`s ol tcm proauhts jòdk wbtc jpproprbjtm prbhm to tcmbr hustofmrs. Qcus

sjvbdk tbfm jda m`bfbdjtbdk `bdm fjnbdk prohmss.

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"or#bdk ol $%bstbdk Xystmf5

Qcbs systmf wb`` cjvm abllmrmdt foau`ms. Qcm òkbd smhtbod wb`` cjvm òkbd ljhb`bty lor tcm jafbd

jda lor tcm usmr wco wb`` opmrjtm tcbs systmf. [cb`m tjnbdk oramrs lrof bts hustofmrs, bt wb`` tjnm

j`` tcm amtjb`s ol bts hustofmrs wco bs p`jhbdk tcm oramrs jda j`` tcm amtjb`s lor tcm rmhbpbmdt suhc

js bts jaarmss, djfm, fob`m dufmr. !urbdk b` b̀dk prohmss systmf wb`` kmdmrjtm j trjhnbdk ba

lor tcmbr proauhts. Qcroukc tcbs trjhnbdk ba, hustofmrs or bts rmhbpbmdt wb`` j`m to trjhn tcmbr

proauhts lrof jdy òhjtbod usbdk bdtmrdmt. "t wb`` provbam stjtus ol tcm proauht jltmr p`jhbdk

oramrs wbtcbd # fbdutm. Qcbs systmf wb`` provbam bdlorfjtbod rmhbpbmdt wbtc lo`òwbdk amtjb`s$%

wcmrm tcm hurrmdt hodsbkdfmdt bs, tb`` wcmd bt wb`` rmjhcma bts lbdj` amstbdjtbod, bl jdy am`jy tcmd

rmjsod ol tcm am`jy, tcm routm ol hurrmdt hodsbkdfmdt, ajtm ol p`jhbdk hodsbkdfmdt, lbdj` ajtm to

rmjhc bts amstbdjtbod.

[cmd tcm hodsbkdfmdt wb`` vbsbt to tcm hbty ollbhm ol amstbdjtbod, j fmssjkm wb`` m smdama to tcm

rmhbpbmdt wbtc am`bvmry stjtus hodlbrfjtbod. Qcmd jltmr kmttbdk tcbs fmssjkm bts rmhbpbmdt hjd tjnm

bts pjrhm`s y usbdk tcmbr Qrjhn "a. [cmd bts rmhbpbmdt wb`` rmhmbvm tcmbr pjrhm`s, tcmd tcbs Qrjhn "a

wb`` m am`mtma jutofjtbhj``y lrof tcm systmf ajtjjsm jltmr # wmmn y smdabdk lbdj`

hodlbrfjtbod fmssjkm to bts rmhbpbmdt fob`m dufmr wcbhc wb`` bdhùam bdlorfjtbod ol Qrjhn "a,

ajtm ol rmhmbvbdk jda tbfm jòdk wbtc krmmtbdk fmssjkm lor provbabdk lurtcmr smrvbhm bd luturm.

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!mjsbib`bty Xtuay5

:ltmr aobdk tcm systmf stuay jda jdj`y7bdk j`` tcm m*bstbdk or rm'ubrma ludhtbodj`btbms ol tcm

systmf, tcm dm*t tjsn bs to ao tcm lmjsbb`bty stuay lor tcm proemht. :`` proemhts jrm lmjsb`m % kbvmd

ud`bfbtma rmsourhms jda bdlbdbtm tbfm.

8mjsbb`bty stuay bdhùams hodsbamrjtbod ol j`` tcm possb`m wjys to provbam j soùtbod to tcm kbvmd

pro`mf. Qcm proposma soùtbod scouà sjtbsly j`` tcm usmr rm'ubrmfmdts jda scouà m l`m*b`m

mdoukc so tcjt luturm hcjdkms hjd m mjsb`y aodm jsma od tcm luturm uphofbdk rm'ubrmfmdts.

&' $hodofbhj` !mjsbib`bty

Qcbs bs j vmry bfportjdt jspmht to m hodsbamrma wcb`m amvmòpbdk j proemht. [m amhbama

tcm tmhcdoòky jsma od fbdbfuf possb`m host ljhtor.

:`` cjrawjrm jda soltwjrm host cjs to m ordm y tcm orkjdb7jtbod.

1vmrj`̀ wm cjvm mstbfjtma tcjt tcm mdmlbts tcm orkjdb7jtbod bs kobdk to rmhmbvm lrof tcm

proposma systmf wb`` surm`y ovmrhofm tcm bdbtbj` hosts jda tcm `jtmr od ruddbdk host lor systmf.

' Qmhcdbhj` !mjsbib`bty

Qcbs bdhùama tcm stuay ol ludhtbod, pmrlorfjdhm jda hodstrjbdts tcjt fjy jllmht tcm

jb̀ bty to jhcbmvm jd jhhmptj`m systmf. 8or tcbs lmjsbb b̀ty stuay, wm stuabma hofp`mtm

ludhtbodj`bty to m provbama bd tcm systmf, js amshrbma bd tcm Xystmf =m'ubrmfmdt Xpmhblbhjtbod<X=X;, jda hcmhnma bl mvmrytcbdk wjs possb`m usbdk 3bsuj` (jsbh 2. jda FX :hhmss.

H' pmrjtbodj` !mjsbib`bty

o aout tcm proposma systmf bs lu``y 5+" jsma tcjt bs vmry usmr lrbmda`y jda j`` bdputs

to m tjnmd j`` sm`l%m*p`jdjtory mvmd to j `jyfjd. (msbams, j propmr trjbdbdk cjs mmd hodauhtma

to `mt ndow tcm mssmdhm ol tcm systmf to tcm usmrs so tcjt tcmy lmm` hoflortj`m wbtc dmw systmf.

:s ljr our stuay bs hodhmrdma tcm h`bmdts jrm hoflortj`m jda cjppy js tcm systmf cjs hut aowd

tcmbr òjas jda aobdk.

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Xystmf *m+ubrmfmdts5

Xolt,jrm *m+ubrmfmdt5

• :pjhcm Xmrvmr >.

• W0W 3mrsbod -.6 or jovm

• FyX4? 3mrsbod -.- or jovm

• ?jtmst rowsmr $ Hcorfm, 8brmlo*, Xjljrb mth

• 1pmrjtbdk Xystmf $ :dy <?bdu*, [bdaows, Fjh mth;

-jra,jrm *m+ubrmfmdts5

• Wrohmssor Wmdtbuf "3 or cbkcmr vmrsbod.

• =jf #>G F( or jovm

• 0jra !bsn #- F( or jovm

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- (2) -

Jaa Fjdjkmr






- (::) -

Jaa X$b%fmdt




- (:9) -

Jafbd &okbd Lorf




- (:8) -

Jafbd Xm#tbod








- (:<) -

!"#m &bstbdk




- (:;) -

X$b%fmdt &bstbdk




- (:3) -

X$b%fmdt m%ort




- (:2) -

*rj#+bdk ,mtjbs




- (9) -

*rj#+bdk jkm




- (9:) -

.%ajtm X$b%fmdt




*j/ms o7 t$m rom#ts

• &okbd Hodtjbds t$m okbd bd7orfjtbod amtjbs

• Hourbmr Hodtjbds t$m ajtj j/out t$m #ourbmr

• *rj#+ Hodtjbds t$m *rj#+bdk d7orfjtbod

• !"#ms Hodtjbds t$m o"#ms amtjbs

• !"#mrs Hodtjbds t$m o"#mrs amtjbsJafbd ,mtjbs

• Hoffmdts Hodtjbds t$m #offmdts j/out t$m trj#+bdk jda

#ourbmrs

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!"#mrs *j/m




- (98) -

Hourbmr *j/m




- (91) -

Hoffmdts *j/m

!"#mrs *j/m




- (9=) -

!"#ms *j/m

&okbd *j/m




&htbbty Abjkrjf lor Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

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Ajtjlò, Abjkrjf lor Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

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H`jss Abjkrjf lor Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

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Ampòyfmdt Abjkrjf lor Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

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$dtbty *m`jtbodscbp Abjkrjf lor Hourbmr Fjdjkmfmdt Xystmf

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.as_cmja H

ijhJkroudahoòr A:::>

hoòr AMMM>

IodtIjb`y Grbj`N 9m`mtbhjN sjdssmrbI>IodtsbLm <:p>

Iodt2mbkct ioà>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>

`mttmrspjhbdk Kp>

E

.as_suicmja H

ijhJkroudahoòr A###>

hoòr A===>

IodtsbLm <Kp>

Iodt2mbkct ioà>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>

IodtIjb`y Grbj`N 9m`mtbhjN sjdssmrbI>

2batc :Kp>

E

.as_hm`` H

ijhJkroudahoòr A>

hoòr A===>

IodtsbLm <:p>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>


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hoòr A==::>

E

4

0/sty`m40shrbpt typm6-tmt/Fjjhrbpt-4

0

Iudhtbod 88_Dda"iO(dN a) H //1.=<

jr pNbN> bI(a) a6aohumdt> bI((p6d.bdam"I(-?-))4=WWpjrmdt.Irjms.`mdktc) H

a6pjrmdt.IrjmsZd.suistrbdk(pY<)X.aohumdt> d6d.suistrbdk(=Np)>E

bI((6aZdX)WWa.j``) 6a.j``ZdX> Ior (b6=>WWb0a.Iors.`mdktc>bYY) 6a.IorsZbXZdX>

Ior(b6=>WWa.`jymrsWWb0a.`jymrs.`mdktc>bYY)688_Dda"iO(dNa.`jymrsZbX.aohumdt)>

bI( WW a.kmt`mmdt*y,a) 6a.kmt`mmdt*y,a(d)> rmturd >

E

Iudhtbod 88_j`bajtmMor() H //1.=

jr bNpNqNdNtmstNduNbdNjNmrrors6''Njrks688_j`bajtmMor.jrkumdts>

Ior (b6=> b0(jrks.`mdktcK)> bY6:) H tmst6jrksZbYKX> j`688_Dda"iO(jrksZbX)>

bI (j`) H d6j`.djm> bI ((j`6j`.jùm)6--) H

bI (tmst.bdam"I('bsjb`')6<) H p6j`.bdam"I('Q')>

bI (p0< ]] p66(j`.`mdktc<)) mrrorsY6' 'YdY' ust hodtjbd jd mjb`jaarmss.\d'>

E m`sm bI (tmst6'5') H du 6 pjrsmMòjt(j`)>

bI (bs;j;(j`)) mrrorsY6' 'YdY' ust hodtjbd j duimr.\d'>

bI (tmst.bdam"I('bd5jdkm') 6 <) H p6tmst.bdam"I('')> bd6tmst.suistrbdk(3Np)> j6tmst.suistrbdk(pY<)>

bI (du0bd ]] j0du) mrrorsY6' 'YdY' ust hodtjbd j duimrimt2mmd 'YbdY' jda 'YjY'.\d'>

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E E E m`sm bI (tmst.hcjrGt(=) 66 '5') mrrors Y6 ' 'YdY' bs rmqubrma.\d'> E

E bI (mrrors) j`mrt('cm Io`ò2bdk mrror(s) ohhurrma\d'Ymrrors)>

aohumdt.88_rmturd[jùm 6 (mrrors 66 '')>

E//4

0/shrbpt4

0/cmja4

0ioay4

0?pcp bdhùam(-cmjamr.pcp-)> ?4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta ikhoòr6-AMMMMMM-4

0tji`m h`jss6-as_io- ba6-as_hodh`jss- sty`m6-absp`jy dodm>- hm``pjaabdk6-=-hm``spjhbdk6-=-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta ba6-as_hj`h`jss-4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0shrbpt typm6-tmt/Ojjshrbpt-4

// 0 0Z#!GGZ

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// &roOmht !ydjbh !jtm m`mhtor (!t*) K==B=:

as_h_odtc 6 as_b_ajtm.kmt8odtc() Y <>

as_h_ymjr 6 as_b_ajtm.kmtMu``%mjr()>

// Rmt `mmdt *y ,a

Iudhtbod as_kmtm`(ba) H

rmturd aohumdt.kmt`mmdt*y,a(ba)>

E

// Rmt tcm `mIt jda tcm top oI tcm m`mmdt.

Iudhtbod as_kmt`mIt(m`) H

jr tp 6 m`.oUsmt+mIt>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt

2cb`m(m`) H

tp Y6 m`.oUsmt+mIt>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt>

E

rmturd tp>

E

Iudhtbod as_kmttop(m`) H

jr tp 6 m`.oUsmtop>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt

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jr as_odtcdjms 6 Z

'Fjdujry'N 'Mmirujry'N '8jrhc'N 'Gprb`'N '8jy'N 'Fudm'N

'Fu`y'N 'Gukust'N 'mptmimr'N '"htoimr'N ';omimr'N '!mhmimr'X> // %ou hjd trjds`jtm bt Ior your `jdkujkm.

jr as_ajydjms 6 Z

'ud'N '8od'N 'um'N '7ma'N 'cu'N 'Mrb'N 'jt'

X> // %ou hjd trjds`jtm bt Ior your `jdkujkm.

// #j`mdajr tmp`jtm

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_jbd_jiom(t) H

rmturd '0tji`m hm``pjaabdk6-:- hm``spjhbdk6-<- h`jss6-as_ti`-4'

Y '0tr4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_py()>-4W`t>W`t>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_p()>-4W`t>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr- odh`bhJ6-as_cb()>-ho`spjd6-:-4Z#òsmX0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_d()>-4Wkt>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_dy()>-4Wkt>Wkt>0/ta4'

Y '0/tr4'

Y '0tr4'

Y '0ta ho`spjd6-C- h`jss6-as_cmja-4' Y t Y '0/ta4'

Y '0/tr4'

Y '0tr4'>

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E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_ajy_ro2(t) H

rmturd '0ta h`jss6-as_suicmja-4' Y t Y '0/ta4'>// !mDdm 2batc bd #N P98+ <.= trbht aomsd't cjm 2batc propmrty Ior bt.

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_dm2_2mmJ() H

rmturd '0/tr40tr4'>

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_i`jdJ_hm``(ho`spjd) H

rmturd '0ta ho`spjd6-' Y ho`spjd Y '-40/ta4'

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_ajy(aN N y) H

rmturd '0ta h`jss6-as_hm``- odh`bhJ6-as_odh`bhJ(' Y a Y 'N' Y Y 'N' Y y Y

')-4' Y a Y '0/ta4'>

// !mDdm 2batc tcm ajy ro2.

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_jbd_imò2() H

rmturd '0/tr4'

Y '0/tji`m4'>

E

// cbs odm arj2s hj`mdajr...

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Iudhtbod as_arj2_hj`mdajr(N y) H

// Mbrst h`mjd tcm output iuUmr.

as_oi_h`mjd()>

// 9mrm 2m koN ao tcm cmjamras_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_jbd_jiom(as_odtcdjmsZ <X Y ' ' Y y))>

Ior (b 6 => b 0 C> b YY) H

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_ajy_ro2(as_ajydjmsZbX))>

E

// 8jJm j ajtm oiOmht.

jr as_ah_ajtm 6 dm2 !jtm()>

as_ah_ajtm.smt8odtc( <)>

as_ah_ajtm.smtMu``%mjr(y)>

as_ah_ajtm.smt!jtm(<)>

bI ( 66 < ]] 66 : ]] 66 ]] 66 C ]] 66 3 ]] 66 <= ]] 66 <K)H

ajys 6 :<>

E m`sm bI ( 66 1 ]] 66 B ]] 66 ]] 66 <<) H

ajys 6 :=>

E m`sm H

ajys 6 (y V 1 66 =) ? K K3>

E

jr Drst_ajy 6 as_ah_ajtm.kmt!jy()>

jr Drst_òop 6 <>

// tjrt tcm Drst 2mmJ

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_dm2_2mmJ())>

// ,I sudajy bs dot tcm Drst ajy oI tcm odtcN jJm j i`jdJ hm``...

bI (Drst_ajy 6 =) H

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as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_i`jdJ_hm``(Drst_ajy))>

E

jr O 6 Drst_ajy>

Ior (b 6 => b 0 ajys> b YY) H// oajy bs sudajyN jJm j dm2 2mmJ.

// ,I tcbs sudajy bs tcm Drst ajy oI tcm odtcN

// 2m'm jam j dm2 ro2 Ior you j`rmjay.

bI (O 66 = WW Drst_òop) H

// ;m2 2mmJ


E

// 8jJm j ro2 oI tcjt ajy

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_ajy(b Y <N N y))>

// cbs bs dot Drst òop jdyorm...

Drst_òop 6 =>

// 7cjt bs tcm dmt ajy?

O YY>

O V6 C>

E

// !o tcm Iootmr

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_jbd_imò2())>

// Gda `mt's absp`jy..

as_oi_ûsc()>

// hro`` bt bdto bm2.

as_hm.shro``,dto[bm2()>

- (19) -




E

// G Iudhtbod to sco2 tcm hj`mdajr.

// 7cmd usmr h`bhJ od tcm ajtmN bt 2b`` smt tcm hodtmdt oI t.Iudhtbod as_sc(t) H

// mt tcm m`mmdt to smt...

as_m`mmdt 6 t>

// 8jJm j dm2 ajtmN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc jda ymjr.

jr as_sc_ajtm 6 dm2 !jtm()>

as_h_odtc 6 as_sc_ajtm.kmt8odtc() Y <>

as_h_ymjr 6 as_sc_ajtm.kmtMu``%mjr()>

// !rj2 tcm hj`mdajr

as_arj2_hj`mdajr(as_h_odtcN as_h_ymjr)>

// o hcjdkm tcm posbtbod propmr`yN 2m ust sco2 bt Drst.

as_hm.sty`m.absp`jy 6 ''>

// 8om tcm hj`mdajr hodtjbdmr

tcm_`mIt 6 as_kmt`mIt(t)>

tcm_top 6 as_kmttop(t) Y t.oUsmt9mbkct>

as_hm.sty`m.`mIt 6 tcm_`mIt Y 'p'>

as_hm.sty`m.top 6 tcm_top Y 'p'>



E

// 9bam tcm hj`mdajr.

Iudhtbod as_cb() H

- (18) -




as_hm.sty`m.absp`jy 6 'dodm'>

E

// 8oms to tcm dmt odtc...Iudhtbod as_d() H

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt odtc.

as_h_odtc YY>

// 7m cjm pjssma !mhmimrN `mt's ko to tcm dmt ymjr.

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjrN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc to Fjdujry.

bI (as_h_odtc 4 <K) H

as_h_odtc 6 <>

as_h_ymjrYY>

E

// 5marj2 tcm hj`mdajr.


E

// 8oms to tcm prmbous odtc...

Iudhtbod as_p() H

as_h_odtc 6 as_h_odtc <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcmpjkm bdj`ba.

// 7m cjm pjssma FjdujryN `mt's ko ijhJ to tcm prmbous ymjr.

// !mhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjrN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc to !mhmimr.

bI (as_h_odtc 0 <) H

as_h_odtc 6 <K>

as_h_ymjr 6 as_h_ymjr <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcmpjkm bdj`ba.

- (11) -




E



E

// 8oms to tcm dmt ymjr...

Iudhtbod as_dy() H

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjr.

as_h_ymjrYY>



E

// 8oms to tcm prmbous ymjr...

Iudhtbod as_py() H

// !mhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjr.

as_h_ymjr 6 as_h_ymjr <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcm pjkm

bdj`ba.



E

// Morjt tcm ajtm to output.

Iudhtbod as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y) H

// K abkbts odtc.

K 6 '==' Y >

K 6 K.suistr(K.`mdktc K)>

- (1=) -




// K abkbts ajy.

aK 6 '==' Y a>

aK 6 aK.suistr(aK.`mdktc K)>

// %%%%88!!rmturd aK Y '/' Y K Y '/'Y y>

E

// 7cmd tcm usmr h`bhJs tcm ajy.

Iudhtbod as_odh`bhJ(aN N y) H


as_cb()>

// mt tcm jùm oI btN bI 2m hjd.

bI (typmoI(as_m`mmdt.jùm) 6 'udamDdma') H

as_m`mmdt.jùm 6 as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y)>

// 8jyim 2m 2jdt to smt tcm 98+ bd bt.

E m`sm bI (typmoI(as_m`mmdt.bddmr98+) 6 'udamDdma') H

as_m`mmdt.bddmr98+ 6 as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y)>

// , aod't Jdo2 co2 scouà 2m absp`jy btN Oust j`mrt bt to usmr.

E m`sm H

j`mrt (as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y))>

E

E

Iudhtbod kmtm`mhtma(opt)

H

- (1<) -






0Ior jhtbod6-prohmss.pcp?jhtbod6jaahods- mtcoa6-post-djm6-Ircbpmdt- 4

0ab h`jss6-kmdtt- j`bkd6-rbkct-4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-<- hm``spjhbdk6-<- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-3:V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-B=V-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-1=V-40ab j`bkd6-rbkct-40/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ab4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-CV-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/iotop`mIthordmr.kbI- j`t6-- cmbkct6-<:-2batc6-<3-40/ta4

0ta ijhJkrouda6-bjkms/iotop*R.kbI- 2batc6-C:1-40/ta4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/iotoprbkcthordmr.kbI- j`t6-- cmbkct6-<:-2batc6-<3-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta ijhJkrouda6-bjkms/io`mIt*R.kbI-40/ta4

0ta40tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-2batc6-3V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta ho`spjd6-K- cmbkct6-1-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta cmbkct6-<3-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

- (13) -




0tr4

0ta40tji`m h`jss6-&jrtmt<- hm``pjaabdk6-K- hm``spjhbdk6-K- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-2batc6-<==V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta ho`spjd6-:- h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-40abh`jss6-kmdtt- j`bkd6-rbkct-4

0ab h`jss6-cmjatmt<:- j`bkd6-`mIt-40strodk4cbppmr bdIo 0/strodk40/ab4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- 2batc6-<:3-4cbppmr;jm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4

0bdput djm6-cbppmrdjm- j`mdktc6-<==- sbLm6-1=-typm6-P-4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&codm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-cbppmrpcodm- ba6-cbppmrpcodm- j`mdktc6-<:-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4Gaarmss 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40spjd h`jss6-5!+bdJ-4

- (12) -




0tmtjrmj djm6-cbppmrjaarmss- ho`s6-KC- ro2s6-K-ba6-cbppmrjaarmss-40/tmtjrmj4

@0/spjd40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta ho`spjd6-:- h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-40abh`jss6-cmjatmt<:- j`bkd6-`mIt-40strodk45mhmbmr bdIo 0/strodk40/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-45mhmbmr ;jm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-5mhmbmrdjm- ba6-5mhmbmrdjm- j`mdktc6-<==-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-4

0spjd h`jss6-5!+bdJ-4@0/spjd40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&codm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-5mhmbmrpcodm- ba6-5mhmbmrpcodm- j`mdktc6-<:-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4 Gaarmss 0/ta4

- (=) -










0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ;orj`*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4!mstbdjtbod "hm0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-!mstbdjtbod- ba6-!mstbdjtbod- j`mdktc6-=-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-4

0spjd h`jss6-5!+bdJ-4@0/spjd4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ;orj`*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&bhJup !jtm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-&jhJupajtm- ba6-&jhJupajtm- rmjaod`y6-rum-sty`m6-hursor tmt>- od#`bhJ6-as_sc(tcbs)>- j`mdktc6-<- typm6-P-4

0spjd h`jss6-5!+bdJ-4@0/spjd4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ;orj`*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- j`bkd6-top-4&bhJup bm0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-&bhJuptbm- ba6-&bhJuptbm- j`mdktc6-=-sbLm6-K=- typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ;orj`*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- j`bkd6-top-4tjtus 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40sm`mht djm6-stjtus- ba6-stjtus-4

0optbod sm`mhtma6-sm`mhtma- jùm6-,d rjdsbt-4,d rjdsbt0/optbod4

0/sm`mht40/ta4

0/tr4

- (=1) -




0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ;orj`*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- j`bkd6-top-4#omdts 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40tmtjrmj djm6-#omdts- ho`s6-1=- ro2s6-1-ba6-#omdts-40/tmtjrmj40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta j`bkd6-rbkct-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-uibt- typm6-suibt-od#`bhJ6-88_j`bajtmMor('cbppmrdjm'N''N'5'N'cbppmrpcodm'N''N'5'N'5mhmbmrdjm'N''N'5'N'5mhmbmrpcodm'N''N'5'N'#odsbkdmdt;o'N''N'5'N'7mbkct'N''N'5'N',dobhmdo'N''N'5'N'Tdty'N''N'5bs;u'N'otjÌrmbkct'N''N'5'N'&bhJuptbm'N''N'5'N'cbppmrjaarmss'N''N'5'N'#omdts'N''N'5'N'7mbkct'N''N'5bs;u'N'otjÌrmbkct'N''N'5')>rmturd aohumdt.88_rmturd[jùm-jùm6-Gaa #ourbmr-40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4


0ta ijhJkrouda6-bjkms/iorbkct*R.kbI-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/ioit`mIthordmr.kbI- j`t6-- cmbkct6-<K-2batc6-<3-40/ta4

0ta ijhJkrouda6-bjkms/ioit*R.kbI- 2batc6-C:1-40/ta4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/ioitrbkcthordmr.kbI- j`t6-- cmbkct6-<K-2batc6-<3-40/ta4

- (==) -




0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0ir4

0/Ior4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta40tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-2batc6-==-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta ikhoòr6-AKK31a- cmbkct6-1=- 2batc6-1CB-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta ikhoòr6-AKK31a- 2batc6-:=1-40ab j`bkd6-rbkct-40/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ioay40/ct`4

- (=<) -




Hoam 7or Jaa m !"#mrs

0?pcp

smssbod_stjrt()>

rmqubrm_odhm('ajtjijsm.pcp')>

rmqubrm_odhm('`birjry.pcp')>

bssmr()>

$sq` 6 -+# !,,;#(oU_djm)

M5"8 ti`_ohms->

$rmsu`t 6 aiTumry($sq`)>

?4

0!"#%& ct` &*+,# -//7:#//!! 98+ 1.=< rjdsbtbodj`//;--cttp//222.2:.ork/5/ct`1/òosm.ata-4

0ct`40cmja4

0mtj cttpmqub6-#odtmdtypm- hodtmdt6-tmt/ct`> hcjrsmt6,"33<-4

0tbt`m4Gabd0/tbt`m4

0`bdJ crmI6-hss/ysty`m.hss- rm`6-sty`mscmmt- typm6-tmt/hss-4

0`bdJ crmI6-hss/sty`m.hss- rm`6-sty`mscmmt- typm6-tmt/hss-4

0sty`m typm6-tmt/hss-4

.as_io H

ijhJkroudahoòr AMMM>

ioramr 

posbtbod jisoùtm>

Lbdam :KCBC>

- (=;) -






.as_hm`` H

ijhJkroudahoòr A>

hoòr A===>

IodtsbLm <:p>tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>


pjaabdk p>

hursor pobdtmr>

E

.as_hm``comr H

ijhJkroudahoòr AM:M:M:>

E /@ cbs comr hoam 2od't 2orJ Ior , @/

0/sty`m4

0`bdJ typm6-tmt/hss- rm`6-sty`mscmmt- crmI6-hss/sty`m.ct-4


0

ioay H

jrkbd`mIt =p>

jrkbdtop =p>

jrkbdrbkct =p>

jrkbdiotto =p>

E

4

0/sty`m4

- (=2) -





0

.sty`m< HIodtsbLm 

Iodt2mbkct ioà>

hoòr A==::>

E

4

0/sty`m4

0shrbpt typm6-tmt/Fjjhrbpt-4

0





Ior(b6=>WWa.`jymrsWWb0a.`jymrs.`mdktc>bYY)

688_Dda"iO(dNa.`jymrsZbX.aohumdt)>


E






- (<) -






bI (bs;j;(j`)) mrrorsY6' 'YdY' ust hodtjbd j duimr.\d'>

bI (tmst.bdam"I('bd5jdkm') 6 <) H p6tmst.bdam"I('')>

bd6tmst.suistrbdk(3Np)> j6tmst.suistrbdk(pY<)>





E

//4

0/shrbpt4

0/cmja4

0ioay4


0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4



- (<:) -








0/tr4

0tr4



0tioay40tr4


0/tr4

0tr4


0/tr4

0tr4


0tioay40tr4


0ab h`jss6-cmjatmt<:- j`bkd6-`mIt-40strodk4"hm 8jdjkmr bdIo 0/strodk40/ab4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- 2batc6-<:3-48jdjkmr

;jm 0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-<:-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-1CC-4

- (<8) -




0bdput djm6-8jdjkmr;jm- typm6-P-ba6-8jdjkmr;jm- sbLm6-1=- j`mdktc6-<==-4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&jss2ora 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-&jss2ora- ba6-&jss2ora- j`mdktc6-K=- sbLm6-1=-typm6-pjss2ora-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4


0tmtjrmj djm6-Gaarmss- ho`s6-KC- ro2s6-K-ba6-Gaarmss-40/tmtjrmj4

@0/spjd40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4jb` 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-jb`- ba6-jb`- j`mdktc6-1=- sbLm6-1=-typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&codm ;o. 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-&codm;o- ba6-&codm;o- j`mdktc6-:=- sbLm6-1=-typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

- (<1) -




0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4"hm ;jm 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40sm`mht djm6-"hm;jm-4

0?pcp

2cb`m($ajtj 6 aiMmthcGssoh($rmsu`t))H

?4

0optbod jùm6-0?pcp mhco $ajtjZ'oU_djm'X> ?4-40?pcpmhco $ajtjZ'oU_djm'X> ?40/optbod4

0?pcp

E//2cb`m

?4

0/sm`mht4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

- (<=) -




0ta40bdput djm6-uibt- typm6-suibt-od#`bhJ6-88_j`bajtmMor('8jdjkmr;jm'N''N'5'N'&jss2ora'N''N'5'N'jb`'N''N'5bsjb`'N'&codm;o'N''N'5'N'Gaarmss'N''N'5')>rmturd aohumdt.88_rmturd[jùm- jùm6-Gaa ;m2"hm 8jdjkmr-40/ta4

0/tr4


0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4



0/tr4

0tr4




0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0ir4

0/Ior4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4

- (<<) -




0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-2batc6-==-4

0tioay40tr4



0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ioay40/ct`4

- (<;) -




Hoam 7or jaa o"#ms

0?pcp

smssbod_stjrt()>


$rjda 6 kmt_rjda_ba(3)>

mhco $rjda>

?4


0ct`40cmja4


0tbt`m4Gabd0/tbt`m4




.as_io H


ioramr 

posbtbod jisoùtm>

Lbdam :KCBC>

E

.as_ti` H


E

- (<3) -




.as_cmja H

ijhJkroudahoòr A:::>

hoòr AMMM>IodtIjb`y Grbj`N 9m`mtbhjN sjdssmrbI>

IodtsbLm <:p>

Iodt2mbkct ioà>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>

`mttmrspjhbdk Kp>

E

.as_suicmja H

ijhJkroudahoòr A###>

hoòr A===>

IodtsbLm <Kp>

Iodt2mbkct ioà>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>


2batc :Kp>

E

.as_hm`` H

ijhJkroudahoòr A>

hoòr A===>

IodtsbLm <:p>

tmtj`bkd hmdtmr>

- (<2) -






Iodt2mbkct ioà>

hoòr A==::>

E

40/sty`m4

0shrbpt typm6-tmt/Fjjhrbpt-4

0





Ior(b6=>WWa.`jymrsWWb0a.`jymrs.`mdktc>bYY)688_Dda"iO(dNa.`jymrsZbX.aohumdt)>


E








bI (bs;j;(j`)) mrrorsY6' 'YdY' ust hodtjbd j duimr.\d'> bI (tmst.bdam"I('bd5jdkm') 6 <) H p6tmst.bdam"I('')>

bd6tmst.suistrbdk(3Np)> j6tmst.suistrbdk(pY<)>

- (;:) -








E

//4

0/shrbpt4

0/cmja4

0ioay4


0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4



0tioay40tr4

0ta ba6-as_hj`h`jss-4 0/ta4

0/tr40/tioay40/tji`m4

0shrbpt typm6-tmt/Ojjshrbpt-4

- (;9) -




// 0 0Z#!GGZ

// &roOmht !ydjbh !jtm m`mhtor (!t*) K==B=:

as_h_odtc 6 as_b_ajtm.kmt8odtc() Y <>

as_h_ymjr 6 as_b_ajtm.kmtMu``%mjr()>

// Rmt `mmdt *y ,a

Iudhtbod as_kmtm`(ba) H

rmturd aohumdt.kmt`mmdt*y,a(ba)>

E

// Rmt tcm `mIt jda tcm top oI tcm m`mmdt.

Iudhtbod as_kmt`mIt(m`) H

jr tp 6 m`.oUsmt+mIt>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt

2cb`m(m`) H

tp Y6 m`.oUsmt+mIt>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt>

E

rmturd tp>

E

Iudhtbod as_kmttop(m`) H

- (;8) -




jr tp 6 m`.oUsmtop>

m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt

2cb`m(m`) H

tp Y6 m`.oUsmtop>m` 6 m`.oUsmt&jrmdt>

E

rmturd tp>

E

// "utput `mmdt

jr as_om 6 as_kmtm`('as_hj`h`jss')>

// #odtjbdmr

jr as_hm 6 as_kmtm`('as_hodh`jss')>

// "utput *uUmrbdk

jr as_oi 6 ''>

Iudhtbod as_oi_h`mjd() H

as_oi 6 ''>

E

Iudhtbod as_oi_ûsc() H

as_om.bddmr98+ 6 as_oi>

as_oi_h`mjd()>

E

Iudhtbod as_mhco(t) H

as_oi Y6 t>

E

- (;1) -




jr as_m`mmdt> // mt `mmdt...

jr as_odtcdjms 6 Z'Fjdujry'N 'Mmirujry'N '8jrhc'N 'Gprb`'N '8jy'N 'Fudm'N

'Fu`y'N 'Gukust'N 'mptmimr'N '"htoimr'N ';omimr'N '!mhmimr'


jr as_ajydjms 6 Z

'ud'N '8od'N 'um'N '7ma'N 'cu'N 'Mrb'N 'jt'


// #j`mdajr tmp`jtm

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_jbd_jiom(t) H

rmturd '0tji`m hm``pjaabdk6-:- hm``spjhbdk6-<- h`jss6-as_ti`-4'

Y '0tr4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-

odh`bhJ6-as_py()>-4W`t>W`t>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_p()>-4W`t>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr- odh`bhJ6-as_cb()>-ho`spjd6-:-4Z#òsmX0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_d()>-4Wkt>0/ta4'

Y '0ta h`jss6-as_cmja- sty`m6-hursor pobdtmr-odh`bhJ6-as_dy()>-4Wkt>Wkt>0/ta4'

Y '0/tr4'

Y '0tr4'

Y '0ta ho`spjd6-C- h`jss6-as_cmja-4' Y t Y '0/ta4'

- (;=) -




Y '0/tr4'

Y '0tr4'>

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_ajy_ro2(t) H

rmturd '0ta h`jss6-as_suicmja-4' Y t Y '0/ta4'>

// !mDdm 2batc bd #N P98+ <.= trbht aomsd't cjm 2batc propmrty Ior bt.

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_dm2_2mmJ() H

rmturd '0/tr40tr4'>

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_i`jdJ_hm``(ho`spjd) H

rmturd '0ta ho`spjd6-' Y ho`spjd Y '-40/ta4'

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_ajy(aN N y) H

rmturd '0ta h`jss6-as_hm``- odh`bhJ6-as_odh`bhJ(' Y a Y 'N' Y Y 'N' Y y Y')-4' Y a Y '0/ta4'>

// !mDdm 2batc tcm ajy ro2.

E

Iudhtbod as_tmp`jtm_jbd_imò2() H

rmturd '0/tr4'

Y '0/tji`m4'>

E

- (;<) -




// cbs odm arj2s hj`mdajr...

Iudhtbod as_arj2_hj`mdajr(N y) H

// Mbrst h`mjd tcm output iuUmr.as_oi_h`mjd()>

// 9mrm 2m koN ao tcm cmjamr

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_jbd_jiom(as_odtcdjmsZ <X Y ' ' Y y))>

Ior (b 6 => b 0 C> b YY) H

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_ajy_ro2(as_ajydjmsZbX))>

E

// 8jJm j ajtm oiOmht.

jr as_ah_ajtm 6 dm2 !jtm()>

as_ah_ajtm.smt8odtc( <)>

as_ah_ajtm.smtMu``%mjr(y)>

as_ah_ajtm.smt!jtm(<)>

bI ( 66 < ]] 66 : ]] 66 ]] 66 C ]] 66 3 ]] 66 <= ]] 66 <K)H

ajys 6 :<>

E m`sm bI ( 66 1 ]] 66 B ]] 66 ]] 66 <<) H

ajys 6 :=>

E m`sm H

ajys 6 (y V 1 66 =) ? K K3>

E

jr Drst_ajy 6 as_ah_ajtm.kmt!jy()>

jr Drst_òop 6 <>

// tjrt tcm Drst 2mmJ


- (;;) -




// ,I sudajy bs dot tcm Drst ajy oI tcm odtcN jJm j i`jdJ hm``...

bI (Drst_ajy 6 =) H

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_i`jdJ_hm``(Drst_ajy))>

Ejr O 6 Drst_ajy>

Ior (b 6 => b 0 ajys> b YY) H

// oajy bs sudajyN jJm j dm2 2mmJ.

// ,I tcbs sudajy bs tcm Drst ajy oI tcm odtcN

// 2m'm jam j dm2 ro2 Ior you j`rmjay.

bI (O 66 = WW Drst_òop) H

// ;m2 2mmJ


E

// 8jJm j ro2 oI tcjt ajy

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_ajy(b Y <N N y))>

// cbs bs dot Drst òop jdyorm...

Drst_òop 6 =>

// 7cjt bs tcm dmt ajy?

O YY>

O V6 C>

E

// !o tcm Iootmr

as_mhco (as_tmp`jtm_jbd_imò2())>

// Gda `mt's absp`jy..

as_oi_ûsc()>

- (;3) -






E

// G Iudhtbod to sco2 tcm hj`mdajr.

// 7cmd usmr h`bhJ od tcm ajtmN bt 2b`` smt tcm hodtmdt oI t.

Iudhtbod as_sc(t) H

// mt tcm m`mmdt to smt...

as_m`mmdt 6 t>

// 8jJm j dm2 ajtmN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc jda ymjr.

jr as_sc_ajtm 6 dm2 !jtm()>

as_h_odtc 6 as_sc_ajtm.kmt8odtc() Y <>

as_h_ymjr 6 as_sc_ajtm.kmtMu``%mjr()>

// !rj2 tcm hj`mdajr


// o hcjdkm tcm posbtbod propmr`yN 2m ust sco2 bt Drst.

as_hm.sty`m.absp`jy 6 ''>

// 8om tcm hj`mdajr hodtjbdmr

tcm_`mIt 6 as_kmt`mIt(t)>

tcm_top 6 as_kmttop(t) Y t.oUsmt9mbkct>

as_hm.sty`m.`mIt 6 tcm_`mIt Y 'p'>

as_hm.sty`m.top 6 tcm_top Y 'p'>



E

- (;2) -





Iudhtbod as_cb() H

as_hm.sty`m.absp`jy 6 'dodm'>

E

// 8oms to tcm dmt odtc...

Iudhtbod as_d() H

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt odtc.

as_h_odtc YY>

// 7m cjm pjssma !mhmimrN `mt's ko to tcm dmt ymjr.

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjrN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc to Fjdujry.

bI (as_h_odtc 4 <K) H

as_h_odtc 6 <>

as_h_ymjrYY>

E



E

// 8oms to tcm prmbous odtc...

Iudhtbod as_p() H

as_h_odtc 6 as_h_odtc <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcmpjkm bdj`ba.

// 7m cjm pjssma FjdujryN `mt's ko ijhJ to tcm prmbous ymjr.

// !mhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjrN jda smt tcm hurrmdt odtc to !mhmimr.

bI (as_h_odtc 0 <) H

as_h_odtc 6 <K>

- (3) -




as_h_ymjr 6 as_h_ymjr <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcmpjkm bdj`ba.

E



E

// 8oms to tcm dmt ymjr...

Iudhtbod as_dy() H

// ,dhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjr.

as_h_ymjrYY>



E

// 8oms to tcm prmbous ymjr...

Iudhtbod as_py() H

// !mhrmjsm tcm hurrmdt ymjr.

as_h_ymjr 6 as_h_ymjr <> // #jd't usm ajscajsc cmrmN bt 2b`` jJm tcm pjkmbdj`ba.



E

// Morjt tcm ajtm to output.Iudhtbod as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y) H

// K abkbts odtc.

- (3:) -




K 6 '==' Y >

K 6 K.suistr(K.`mdktc K)>

// K abkbts ajy.

aK 6 '==' Y a>aK 6 aK.suistr(aK.`mdktc K)>

// %%%%88!!

rmturd aK Y '/' Y K Y '/'Y y>

E

// 7cmd tcm usmr h`bhJs tcm ajy.

Iudhtbod as_odh`bhJ(aN N y) H


as_cb()>

// mt tcm jùm oI btN bI 2m hjd.

bI (typmoI(as_m`mmdt.jùm) 6 'udamDdma') H

as_m`mmdt.jùm 6 as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y)>

// 8jyim 2m 2jdt to smt tcm 98+ bd bt.

E m`sm bI (typmoI(as_m`mmdt.bddmr98+) 6 'udamDdma') H

as_m`mmdt.bddmr98+ 6 as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y)>

// , aod't Jdo2 co2 scouà 2m absp`jy btN Oust j`mrt bt to usmr.

E m`sm H

j`mrt (as_Iorjt_ajtm(aN N y))>

E

E

Iudhtbod kmtm`mhtma(opt)

- (39) -




H

jr opt6aohumdt.Irport.opt>

Ior (jr bdt+oop 6 => bdt+oop 0 opt.`mdktc> bdt+oopYY) H

bI ((opt.optbodsZbdt+oopX.sm`mhtma))

H

j`mrt(-m`mht jdy odm Dmà-)>

rmturd Ij`sm>

E

E

rmturd trum>

E

// Gda cmrm bs tcm mda.

// XX4 4

0/shrbpt4

0ir/4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-<==V-4

0tioay4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-&jrtmt<- ikhoòr6-MMM- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-40spjdh`jss6-cmjatmt<:-4Gaa ;m2 "hm 8jdjkmr 0/spjd40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay4

- (38) -




0/tji`m4

0Ior jhtbod6-prohmss.pcp?jhtbod6jaaohm- mtcoa6-post-djm6-Ircbpmdt- 4

0ab h`jss6-kmdtt- j`bkd6-rbkct-4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-<- hm``spjhbdk6-<- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-3:V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-B=V-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-1=V-40ab j`bkd6-rbkct-40/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ab4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-CV-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/iotop`mIthordmr.kbI- j`t6-- cmbkct6-<:-2batc6-<3-40/ta4



0/tr4

0tr4



0tioay40tr4


0/tr4

0tr4


- (31) -




0/tr4

0tr4


0tioay40tr4


0ab h`jss6-cmjatmt<:- j`bkd6-`mIt-40strodk4;m2 "hm ,dIorjtbod 0/strodk40/ab4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct- 2batc6-<:3-4"hm ;jm0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-<:-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta 2batc6-1CC-4

0bdput djm6-"hm;jm- typm6-P- ba6-"hm;jm-sbLm6-1=- j`mdktc6-<==-4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4


0tmtjrmj djm6-"hmGaarmss- ho`s6-KC- ro2s6-K-ba6-"hmGaarmss-40/tmtjrmj4

@0/spjd40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4#bty 0/ta4

- (3=) -




0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-#bty- ba6-#bty- j`mdktc6-<:- sbLm6-1=-typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4&codm ;o. 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-&codm;o- ba6-&codm;o- j`mdktc6-<:- sbLm6-1=-typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4"hm bbdk 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-"hmbbdk- ba6-"hmbbdk- j`mdktc6-:=-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-rjhJ8mabu*ùm- j`bkd6-rbkct-4#odtjht &mrsod 0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40bdput djm6-#odtjht&mrsod- ba6-#odtjht&mrsod- j`mdktc6-=-sbLm6-1=- typm6-P-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

- (3<) -




0tr4


0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4 0ta40bdput djm6-uibt- typm6-suibt-od#`bhJ6-88_j`bajtmMor('"hm;jm'N''N'5'N'#bty'N''N'5'N'&codm;o'N''N'5'N'"hmbbdk'N''N'5'N'#odtjht&mrsod'N''N'5'N'"hmGaarmss'N''N'5')>rmturd aohumdt.88_rmturd[jùm-jùm6-Gaa ;m2 "hm -40/ta4

0/tr4


0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4



0/tr4

0tr4




0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0ir4

0/Ior4

0/ta4

- (3;) -




0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4


0tioay40tr4



0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ioay40/ct`4

- (33) -




Hoam 7or Jafbd Xm#tbod

0?pcp

smssbod_stjrt()>


bssmr()>

?4


0ct`40cmja4


0tbt`m4#ourbmr / #jrko rjhJbdk hrbpt bd &9& [mr =.C0/tbt`m4



0/cmja4

0ioay4

0?pcp

bdhùam(-cmjamr.pcp-)>

?4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta ikhoòr6-AMMMMMM-40ab j`bkd6-hmdtmr-4 0ir4

- (32) -






0ir4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4 0ta4


0tioay40tr4


0ta ikhoòr6-AKK31a- 2batc6-:=1-4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ioay40/ct`4

- (2:) -




Hoam 7or H$jdkm jssora

0?pcp

smssbod_stjrt()>

rmqubrm_odhm('ajtjijsm.pcp')>


bssmr()>

?4


0ct`40cmja4


0tbt`m4#ourbmr / #jrko rjhJbdk hrbpt bd &9& [mr =.C0/tbt`m4




0

.sty`mK Hhoòr AMMMMMME

4

0/sty`m4

0shrbpt `jdkujkm6-Fjjhrbpt-4

0

Iudhtbod #cmhJ_Ior() H

- (29) -




// #cmhJ &jss2ora

bI ( sbkdupMor.ttp.jùm 66 -- )H

j`mrt( -Sbda`y mdtmr j pjss2ora.- )>

sbkdupMor.ttp.Iohus( )>

rmturd Ij`sm>

E

bI ( sbkdupMor.ttp.jùm.`mdktc 0 1 )

H

j`mrt( -&jss2ora ust im jt`mjst 1 hcjrjhtmrs.- )>


rmturd Ij`sm>

E

bI ( sbkdupMor.ttp.jùm.`mdktc 4 K= )

H

j`mrt( -&jss2ora ust im 8j K= hcjrjhtmrs.- )>


rmturd Ij`sm>

E

bI ( sbkdupMor.tthp.jùm 66 -- )

- (28) -




H

j`mrt( -Sbda`y mdtmr j hodDr pjss2ora.- )>

sbkdupMor.tthp.Iohus( )>

rmturd Ij`sm>E

bI ( sbkdupMor. ttp.jùm 6 sbkdupMor. tthp.jùm )

H

j`mrt( -&jss2ora jda #odDr pjss2ora ust im sjm.- )>

sbkdupMor.ttp.jùm 6 -->

sbkdupMor.tthp.jùm 6 -->


rmturd Ij`sm>

E

tp&jss 6 sbkdupMor.ttp.jùm>

kooa&jss2a 6 <>

Ior( jr ba6=> ba0 tp&jss.`mdktc> baYY )

H

hc 6 tp&jss.hcjrGt(ba)>

bI( ((hc46'j') WW (hc06'L')) WW ((hc46'G') WW (hc06'g')) WW ((hc46=) WW (hc 06)) )

- (21) -




H

kooa&jss2a 6 =>

irmjJ>

EE

bI( kooa&jss2a 66= )

H

j`mrt( -&jss2ora ust hodtjbds od`y `mttmrs jda abkbts.- )>

sbkdupMor. ttp.jùm6-->

sbkdupMor. tthp.jùm6-->

sbkdupMor. ttp.Iohus()>

rmturd Ij`sm>

E

rmturd trum>

E

//4

0/shrbpt4

0/cmja4

0ioay4

- (2=) -




0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-==-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-==-4


0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta ikhoòr6-AMMMMMM-40tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-<- hm``spjhbdk6-<-j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-3V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta h`jss6-&jrtmt<-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta h`jss6-&jrtmt<-4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta cmbkct6-K-40ab h`jss6-cmjatmt<:- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-40strodk4#cjdkmGabd &jss2ora 0/strodk40/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta cmbkct6-K-40ab h`jss6-rmatmt- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-40/ab40/ta4 0/tr4

0tr4

- (2<) -




0ta40ab j`bkd6-hmdtmr-4

0Ior djm6-sbkdupMor- ba6-sbkdupMor- mtcoa6-post-jhtbod6-prohmss.pcp?jhtbod6hcjdkmpjss- oduibt6-rmturd #cmhJ_Ior()>-4

0tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-

2batc6-B=V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/iotop`mIthordmr.kbI- j`t6--cmbkct6-<:- 2batc6-<3-40/ta4


0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/iotoprbkcthordmr.kbI- j`t6--cmbkct6-<:- 2batc6-<3-40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4



0tioay40tr4


0/tr4

0tr4

0ta cmbkct6-<3-40tji`m h`jss6-dm2tmt- ioramr6-=-hm``pjaabdk6-K- hm``spjhbdk6-K- j`bkd6-hmdtmr- 2batc6-<==V-4

0tioay40tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta 2batc6-1=V-40ab j`bkd6-rbkct-4;m2 &jss2ora 0/ab40/ta4

- (2;) -




0ta 2batc6-B=V-40ab j`bkd6-`mIt-4

0bdput djm6-ttp- ba6-ttp- typm6-pjss2ora-4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4 0tr4

0ta40ab j`bkd6-rbkct-4#odDr &jss2ora 0/ab40/ta4

0ta40ab j`bkd6-`mIt-4

0bdput djm6-tthp- ba6-tthp- typm6-pjss2ora-4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0ta40ab j`bkd6-`mIt-4

0bdput djm6-uibt- jùm6-uibt- typm6-suibt-4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4


0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4



0/tr4

0tr4

0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/ioit`mIthordmr.kbI- j`t6--cmbkct6-<K- 2batc6-<3-40/ta4

- (23) -





0ta 2batc6-<3-40bk srh6-bjkms/ioitrbkcthordmr.kbI- j`t6--cmbkct6-<K- 2batc6-<3-40/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/Ior4

0/ab40/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

0ta4Wdisp>0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4 0/ta4

0/tr4

0tr4

- (22) -




0ta40tji`m ioramr6-=- hm``pjaabdk6-=- hm``spjhbdk6-=- j`bkd6-hmdtmr-2batc6-==-4

0tioay40tr4



0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ta4

0/tr4

0/tioay40/tji`m4

0/ioay40/ct`4

- (:) -




Qmstbdk5

Xystmf tmstbdk jda Bfp`mfmdtjtbod

iemhtbms ol Xystmf Qmstbdk5

Qmstbdk bs jd jhtbvbty to vmrbly tcjt j horrmht systmf bs mbdk ub`t jda bs pmrlorfma

wbtc tcm bdtmdt ol lbdabdk lju`ts bd tcm systmf. 0owmvmr dot rmstrbhtma to mbdk pmrlorfma jltmr

tcm amvmòpfmdt pcjsm bs hofp`mtm ut tcbs bs to hjrrbma out bd pjrj``m` spmhblbhjtbod. Qmstbdk

rmsu`ts, odhm kjtcmrma jda mvjùjtma, provbam 'uj`btjtbvm bdabhjtbod ol soltwjrm 'uj`bty

jda rm`bjb`bty jda smrvm js j jsbs lor amsbkd foablbhjtbod bl rm'ubrma j proemht bs smt to m

bdhofp`mtm wbtcout propmr tmstbdk. Xystmf tmstbdk bs prohmss ol hcmhnbdk wcmtcmr tcm

amvmòpfmdt systmf bs wornbdk jhhorabdk to tcm orbkbdj` oemhtbvms jda rm'ubrmfmdts. Qcm

systmf scouà m tmstma m*pmrbfmdtj`̀ y wbtc tmst ajtj so js to mdsurm tcjt tcm systmf worns

jhhorabdk to tcm rm'ubrma spmhblbhjtbod. [cmd tcm systmf bs louda wornbdk, tmst bt wbtc jhtuj`

ajtj jda hcmhn pmrlorfjdhm.

Xoltwjrm tmstbdk bs j hrbtbhj` m`mfmdt ol soltwjrm 'uj`bty jssurjdhm jda

rmprmsmdts tcm u`tbfjtm rmvbmw ol spmhblbhjtbod, amsbkd jda hoabdk. Qcm bdhrmjsbdk vbsbb`bty

ol soltwjrm js j systmf m`mfmdt jda tcm jttmdajdt JIhostJI jssohbjtma wbtc j soltwjrm ljbùrm

bs fotbvjtbdk lorhms lor j wm`` p`jddma, tcroukc tmstbdk.

Qmstbdk Wrbdhbp`ms5

:`` tmsts scouà m trjhmj`m to hustofmr rm'ubrmfmdts. Qcm lohus ol tmstbdk

wb`` scblt prokrmssbvm`y lrof prokrjfs. 9*cjustbvm tmstbdk bs dot possb`m. Qo m form

mllmhtbvm, tmstbdk scouà m odm, wcbhc cjs projb`bty ol lbdabdk mrrors.

Qcm lo`ò,bdk jrm tcm jttrbiutms ol kooa tmst5

• : kooa tmst cjs j cbkc projb`bty ol lbdabdk jd mrror.

• : kooa tmst bs dot rmaudajdt.

• : kooa tmst scouà m mst ol rmma.

• : kooa tmst scouà dmbtcmr too sbfp`m dor too hofp`m*.

- (::) -




.mm`s ol Qmstbdk

Qcm amtjb̀ s ol tcm soltwjrm ludhtbodj`bty tmsts jrm kbvmd mòw. Qcm tmstbdk

prohmaurm tcjt cjs mmd usma bs js lo`òws$

• /dbt Qmstbdk

• Bdtmkrjtbod Qmstbdk

• 7j̀ bajtbod Qmstbdk

• utput Qmstbdk

• /smr jhhmptjdhm systmf

• Wmrlorfjdhm Qmstbdk

:' /dbt Qmstbdk

Qcm lbrst `mvm` ol tmstbdk bs hj``ma js +dbt tmstbdk. 0mrm tcm abllmrmdt

foau`ms jrm tmstma jda tcm spmhblbhjtbods proauhma aurbdk amsbkd lor tcm foau`ms. +dbt

Qmstbdk bs mssmdtbj` lor vmrblbhjtbod ol tcm koj` jda to tmst tcm bdtmrdj` òkbh ol tcm foau`ms.

+dbt tmstbdk wjs hodauhtma to tcm abllmrmdt foau`ms ol tcm proemht. 9rrors wmrm dotma

aowd jda horrmhtma aowd bffmabjtm`y jda tcm prokrjf h`jrbty js bdhrmjsma.

Qcm tmstbdk wjs hjrrbma out aurbdk tcm prokrjffbdk stjkm btsm`l. "d tcbs stmp mjhc

foau`m bs louda to m wornbdk sjtbsljhtory js rmkjra to tcm m*pmhtma output lrof tcm foau`m.

9' Bdtmkrjtbod Qmstbdk

Qcm smhoda `mvm` ol tmstbdk bdhùams bdtmkrjtbod tmstbdk. "t bs j systmfjtbh tmstbdk

ol hodstruhtbdk struhturm. :t tcm sjfm tbfm tmsts jrm hodauhtma to udhovmr mrrors jssohbjtma

wbtc tcm bdtmrljhm. "t dmma dot m tcm hjsm, tcjt soltwjrm wcosm foau`ms wcmd rud

bdabvbauj``y jda scowbdk pmrlmht rmsu`ts wb`` j`so pmrlmht rmsu`ts wcmd rud js j wco`m. Qcm

bdabvbauj` foau`ms jrm tmstma jkjbd jda tcm rmsu`ts jrm vmrblbma. Qcm koj` bs to smm bl tcm

foau`ms hjd m bdtmkrjtma mtwmmd foau`ms. Woor bdtmrljhbdk fjy rmsu`t bd ajtj mbdk

òst jhross jd bdtmrljhm hjusbdk smrbous pro`mfs. Qcbs tmstbdk jhtbvbty hjd m

hodsbamrma js tmstbdk tcm amsbkd jda mfpcjsb7ms od tmstbdk foau`ms bdtmrjhtbods.

- (:9) -




8' 7j`bajtbod Qmstbdk

Qcm dm*t `mvm` ol tmstbdk bs vj`bajtbod tmstbdk. 0mrm tcm mdtbrm soltwjrm bs

tmstma. Qcm rmlmrmdhm aohufmdt lor tcbs prohmss bs cm rm'ubrmfmdt jda tcm koj` bs to smm

bl tcm soltwjrm fmmts bts rm'ubrmfmdts. Qcm rm'ubrmfmdt aohufmdt rml`mhts jda amtmrfbdms

wcmtcmr tcm soltwjrm ludhtbods tcm usmr m*pmhtma. :t tcm hu`fbdjtbod ol tcm bdtmkrjtbod

tmstbdk, soltwjrm bs hofp`mtm`y jssmf`ma js j pjhnjkm, bdtmrljhbdk jda horrmhtma jda j

lbdj` smrbms ol soltwjrm tmst jda vj b̀ajtbod tmst mkbds. Qcm proposma systmf udamr hodstruhtbod

cjs mmd tmstma y +sbdk vj`bajtbod tmstbdk jda louda to m wornbdk sjtbsljhtory.

1' utput tmstbdk

Qcm output ol tcm soltwjrm scouà m jhhmptj`m to tcm systmf usmr. Qcm output

rm'ubrmfmdts jrm amlbdma aurbdk tcm systmf jdj`ysbs. Qmstbdk ol tcm soltwjrm systmf ba aodm

jkjbdst tcm output rm'ubrmfmdts jda tcm output tmstbdk wjs hofp`mtma wbtc suhhmss.

=' /smr jhhmptjdhm systmf

:d jhhmptjdhm tmst cjs tcm oemhtbvm ol sm` b̀dk tcm usmr od tcm vj`babty jda

rm`bjb`bty ol tcm systmf. "t vmrblbms tcjt tcm systmfs prohmaurms opmrjtm to systmf

spmhblbhjtbod jda fjnm tcm bdtmkrbty ol vbtj` ajtj bs fjbdtjbdma.

<' Wmrlorfjdhm Qmstbdk

Qcbs proemht bs j systmf%jsma proemht, jda tcm foau`ms jrm bdtmrampmdamdt

wbtc tcm otcmr foau`ms, so tcm tmstbdk hjddot m aodm foau`m y foau`m. Xo tcm udbt

tmstbdk bs dot possb`m bd tcm hjsm ol tcbs arbvmr. Xo tcbs systmf bs hcmhnma od`y wbtc tcmbr

pmrlorfjdhm to hcmhn tcmbr 'uj`bty. "d hjsm ol tcm +dbt tmstbdk tcm bdbtbj`b7jtbod foau`m bs

lbrst tmstma. Xbdhm rmja foau`m jda tcm wrbtm foau`m bs bdtmrampmdamdt tcm pmrlorfjdhm

tmstbdk bs aodm od`y jltmr tcm lbdj` pcjsm ol hoabdk.

- (:8) -




*mlmrmdhms jda bi`bokrjpcy5

• cttp$))www.ùmajrt.hof)

• cttp$))www.wjfpsmrvmr.hof)md)

•cttp$))www.pcp.dmt)

• cttp$))www.tutorbj`spobdt.hof)fys'`)

• cttpa.jpjhcm.ork)aohs)>.)fbsh)tutorbj`s.ctf`

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