PHP

Basic SQL

definition: Database

• A database which structures data in the form of tables. Each table contains information relevant to a particular feature, and is linked to other tables by a common value. For example, two attribute tables could be linked to a spatial data table via a Geocode, such as the postcode.

A very short explanation

• In one database. There are many tables.• One table represents a set of entity. For example ‘People’ ,

‘Cars’ , ‘Movies’• Table has many rows. One row in table represents instance of

entities. For example Toni Meechai’ , ‘Kobota Sedan’ , ‘Twilight’• Table also has many column. One column represents property

of an instance. For example Nationality’ , ‘How fast’ , ‘How boring it is’

• When you want get or do something with Database Tables, you can query it like ‘Please show me all people’. Unfortunately, you have to follow SQL format.

Play with PHP MyAdmin

• Pay attention to demonstration.• Try to understand ideas of ‘Database’ , ‘Table’,

‘Row’, ‘Basic usage of SQL’.• Learners can follow this article: http://www.php-editors.com/articles/sql_phpmyadmin.php

SQL : Selecting data

Selecting from 1 table

• SELECT * FROM COUNTRY;• SELECT * FROM COUNTRY

WHERE CONTINECT=‘ASIA’;• SELECT CODE,NAME,CONTINENT,POPULATION

FROM COUNTRYWHERE CONTINENT=‘ASIA’;

• SELECT NAME,POPULATIONFROM COUNTRYWHERE CONTINENT=‘ASIA’ORDER BY POPULATION DESC;

• If we want to reverse it, change DESC to ASC instead

• If it has many rows, we want just 10 rows• SELECT NAME,POPULATION

FROM COUNTRYWHERE CONTINENT=‘ASIA’ORDER BY POPULATION DESCLIMIT 10;

• If we want to change column name• SELECT NAME AS “ประเทศ สุ่ม”

FROM COUNTRYWHERE CONTINENT=‘ASIA’ORDER BY RAND()LIMIT 10;

• NOTE, If you want to change name to be something like ประเทศ สุ่ม, it will throws an error

• Because that word contains whitespace.

• List all countries started with ‘t’SELECT NAME FROM COUNTRYWHERE NAME LIKE ‘T%’;

• List all countries ended with ‘land’SELECT NAME FROM COUNTRYWHERE NAME LIKE ‘%land’;

• List all countries contains ‘ko’SELECT NAME FROM COUNTRYWHERE NAME LIKE ‘%ko%’;

Tables joining

Why joining?• Refer to database course. It is better to store

different content into different table. Reducing data redundant.

• MySQL, a database server we use is a Relational engine. We can say one table can has relationship to other tables.

• To get data across tables, we have to do joining selection.

Relationship in our 3 tables

• Consider our 3 tables: Country, City, CountryLanguage

• Table: Country has column ‘Code’ Table: City has column ‘CountryCode’ Table: CountryLanguage has column ‘CountryCode’

• Country.Code, City.CountryCode, CountryLanguage.CountryCode are sharing relationship.

• List all city in ThailandSELECT * FROM CITY,COUNTRYWHERE CODE=‘THA’AND CODE=COUNTRYCODE;

• Remember. To join 2 tables we have to do 2 things.

1)Include 2 tables’name in From clause2)Match the related columns in each 2 tables by

using equality in where clause

• If we have same columns name in 2 tables, you will get error cause there are ambiguous column names.

• To fix this problem, specific table name before column name by using .(dot)SELECT CITY.NAME,COUNTRY.NAMEFROM CITY,COUNTRYWHERE CODE=‘THA’AND COUNTRY.CODE=CITY.COUNTRYCODE;

Count and Sum

• Find surface area of Thailand + Malaysia• SELECT SUM(SURFACEAREA)

FROM COUNTRYWHERE NAME=‘THAILAND’OR NAME=‘MALAYSIA’;

• Find how many cities located in Asia• SELECT COUNT(CITY.NAME)

FROM CITY,COUNTRYWHERE CONTINENT=‘ASIA’ AND COUNTRY.CODE=CITY.COUNTRYCODE;

Changing Data Using SQLINSERT / UPDATE / DELETE

Prepare table first.

CREATE TABLE Student (id bigint(20) auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,email varchar(255),firstname varchar(255),lastname varchar(255),nick varchar(255));

Inserting

• 1. Use SQL: “DESCRIBE tablename” to see the �target table’s structure.Remember column name, type and sequence

• 2. Use SQL: “INSERT INTO VALUES(xxx,yyy,zzz)” Replace xxx,yyy,zzz with actual values you want to insert ordering as the table column’s sequence.

INSERT INTOstudentvalues(1,‘taw@narak.com’,‘Taw’,‘Poldee’,‘Tawny’);"

Updating

• — Updating SQL syntax is UPDATE tablename SET columnanme = newvalue WHERE condition

UPDATE studentSET nick=‘Tawjung’WHERE id=1;

Deleting

• Deleting SQL syntax is DELETE FROM tablename WHERE condition.

DELETE FROM studentWHERE firstname=‘Taw’;

PHP interface with MySQL

<?phpmysql_connect("localhost:portnum", "user","password") or

die(mysql_error());mysql_select_db("dbname") or die(mysql_error());$result = mysql_query("SELECT column1,column2 FROMtablename") or die(mysql_error());while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {print $row['column1'];print $row['column2'];}?>