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Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Classes:Chondrichthyes
OsteichthyesAmphibiaReptilia
AvesMammalia
Phylum: Chordata
Characteristics:1. *Have a dorsal notochord, that becomes the spine.2. An endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone.3. Pharyngeal slits or gill pouches during development.4. A dorsal nerve cord.5. Post-anal tail
Subhylum: Vertebrata
Major Characteristic: have a backbone
Primitive organism:
amphioxus
Class: Chondrichtyes
*Cartilaginous fish- from, “chondro-”
(cartilage) and “ichthyes” (fish)
- skeleton made of cartilage.
- have fins and scales.- breathe with gills.
Examples:sharks, skates, and rays.
Class: ChondrichtyesChondrichtyes
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of CartilageCirculatory System – 2 chambered heart
Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs
*Dioecious = two distinct genders
Heterodontiformes - horn sharks
Orectolobiformes - whale sharks
Rhincodon typusRhincodon typus
Orectolobiformes –
nurse sharks
Ginglymostoma cirratumGinglymostoma cirratum
Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks
MakoMako Great White, Great White, Carcharodon carchariasCarcharodon carcharias
MakoGreat WhiteGreat White
Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus
Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (blacktip)
blacktip shark
Carcharhinus limbatusCarcharhinus limbatus
Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (whitetip)
Triaenodon obesus
Carchariniformes – bull sharks
Carcharhinus leucasCarcharhinus leucascopyright FLMNH
Carchariniformes – tiger sharksGaleocerdo cuvier
© George Burgess
Carchariniformes – basking sharks
Cetorhinus maximus Cetorhinus maximus
• Superorder Squatinomorphi– Squatiniformes-angel sharks
• bottom-oriented, enlarged pelvic fins, spike-like teeth
Atlantic Angel Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Squatina dumerilSquatina dumeril
Squaliformes Squaliformes dogfish sharksdogfish sharks
Spiny dogfish-Squalus acanthus
Adipose spine
Pristiophoriformes - saw sharks
Myliobatiformes - sting rays
eagle & manta rays
butterfly rays
Rajiformes - skates
Skate or Ray...what’s the difference?– Skates (order Rajiformes)– pelvic fin divided into two lobes – stocky tail w/o stinging spine – enlarged, thorn-like scales ('bucklers') along the
midline of back– males have rows of enlarged scales near the eyes
and wingtips
– Rays (order Myliobatiformes):– one-lobed pelvic fin – whip-like tail, usually with stinging spine – no bucklers along back or tail
Pristiformes - sawfishes
Torpediniformes - electric rays
Class: Osteichthyes
“BONY” fish- from, “osteo-” (bone)
and “ichthyes” (fish)- skeleton made of
bone.- have fins and scales.- breathe with gills.
Examples:bass, tuna, and catfish
Class: Osteichthyes
bass tuna
catfish
porcupine fish
salmon
Class: OsteichthyesOsteichthyes
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 2 - chambered heartReproduction – External fertilization, many
eggs*Dioecious
Class: AMPHIBIA
*Amphibians- means “double life”, part of
life spent on water and part on land
- smooth, moist skin.- live near water- go through metamorphosis- no claws or scales.
Examples:frogs, toads, newts,
salamander
Class: Amphibia
bullfrogCameroon
toadpoison dart
frog
General Amphibians
Class: AMPHIBIAAMPHIBIA
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 3-chambered heart
Reproduction – External fertilization, eggs laid in water
*Dioecious
Class: REPTILIA
*Reptiles- body covered w/scales or plates- have lungs/scales &
plates/claws- 1st to use the amniotic egg.- also use internal fertilization
Examples:turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards
Class: Reptilia
chameleon
lizardBurmese python
cobraalligator
Class: REPTILIAREPTILIA
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 3-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg
*Dioecious
Lizards
Komodo Dragon
Geckos
Frilled Lizard
Horned Lizard
Chameleon
Gila Monster
Class: AVES
*BIRDS- have wings and feathers.- most fly. Ex: penguin, ostrich,
emu- parents incubate eggs.- descended from dinosaurs- lightweight, hollow bones
Examples:eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail
Class: AVESAVES
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 4-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg
*Dioecious
Class: MAMMALIA
*Mammals- have hair & mammary glands.- give birth to live young- have a diaphragm
Examples:bats, whale, elephant, deer,
horse, human, monkey, rabbits
Class: MAMMALIAMAMMALIA
CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates
ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry
CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 4-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, LIVE YOUNG
*Dioecious