Physical Activity and Fitness

Mr. Slavinsky

Walter Reed Middle School

7th Grade Health

Section 1: Building Health Skills Read Pages 54-58 Students will learn about:

Why health skills are important Skills to improve your health knowledge and

behavior Skills to maintain your personal health and

safety. Skills that help you interact with others.

Warm-UpAnswer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary

What activities do you think you will enjoy throughout your life?

Physical Activity and You Physical activity is any kind of movement

that causes your body to use energy. Participating in physical activity:

Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints.

Helps control weight and reduce fat. Helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range.

120/80 mmHg

Physical Activity and You Fitness : the ability to handle physical work

and play of everyday life without becoming tired.

Exercise : a physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive that improves or maintains personal fitness.

Benefits of Physical Activity Healthy weight. Improved strength and flexibility. Better performance of heart and lungs. Higher energy level. Decreased risk of some diseases. Stronger bones. Freedom of movement. Coordination. Better Sleep.

Benefits of Social Health Extra chance to meet new people. Share common goals with others. Ability to interact and cooperate with others. Opportunities to use talents to help others.

Benefits of Mental/Emotional Health

Enhanced self confidence. Mental alertness. Reduced stress. Relaxed attitude. More enjoyment of free time.

HomeworkAnswer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary

How do you think participating in competitive sports can affect a teen’s social and emotional health?

DUE TOMORROW ON SEPARATE PAPER

Strength First element of fitness is strength.

The ability of your muscles to exert a force. Push-ups. Curl-ups or crunches. Step-ups.

Endurance The second element of fitness is endurance. The ability to perform vigorous physical activity

without getting too tired. Heart and Lung Endurance

How effectively your heart and lungs work during moderate to heavy physical activity or exercise

Muscle Endurance The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a

long period of time

Discussion Questions: How can you tell when you are overly tired? How hard do you think you should push

yourself in continuing a tiring activity? Why? Against what standard do you think you

should judge your own endurance? Why?

Exercise Two types of exercise:

Aerobic: Rhythmic, non stop activity that requires large amounts of

OXYGEN. Walking Jogging Swimming Skiing

Anaerobic Intense physical activity that requires little amounts of

OXYGEN. Weight lifting Sprinting

Flexibility The third element of fitness is flexibility.

The ability to move joints fully and easily. Increasing flexibility reduces risk of injury.

Stretching exercises Figure 3.3 on page 57

Homework Page 58 #’s 1-6 Answer in complete sentences with

academic vocabulary. On separate paper.

Due Tomorrow

Section 2: Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Read Pages 59-63 Students will learn about:

Functions of skeletal and muscular system. How bones and muscles work together to allow

movement. How to keep your bones and muscles healthy.

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement

The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that support your body. Gives your body structure and protects organs.

206 bones Many joints and connective tissues.

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement

Your muscles supply the power to move your body.

Muscular system made of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs. More than 600 muscles in human body.

Skeletal System Bones do many things:

Support your body. Protect your body. Store calcium and other minerals Make blood cells.

Bones

Cranium - Skull Mandible - Jaw Clavicle – Collar bone Scapula – Shoulder blade Sternum – Breast bone Humerus – Upper arm Radius – Forearm (thumb side) Ulna – Forearm (pinky side) Carpals – Wrist bones Metacarpal – Hand bones Phalanges – Fingers Femur – Thigh bone Tibia – Shin bone Patella – Knee cap Vertebrae's – Cervical (neck), Thoracic (upper back), Lumbar (lower back),

Joints The place where 2 or more bones meet are called joints.

Pivot Joint – End of one bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. (Neck)

Can move up and down and from side to side. Gliding Joint – One part of a bone glides over another bone.

(Vertebrae) Allows sideways movement.

Ball and Socket Joint – Ball shaped head of one bone moves inside cup shaped socket of another. (Hip and Shoulder))

Can move in all directions. Hinge Joint – Joint moves in one direction only. (Knee and

Elbow)

Connective Tissue Connective tissue link bones to muscles to that

they can work together. Cartilage

Allows joints to move easily Cushions bones, supports soft tissues (nose and ear)

Ligaments Hold bones in place at the joints.

Knee and Ankle Tendons

Join muscle to muscle. Join muscle to bone.

Homework On Separate Paper.

Research Arthritis What happens when a person has arthritis?

Possible Treatments ½ Page

Muscular System Muscle tissue responds to messages from the

brain. Muscles contract or shorten to cause movement. 3 Kinds of Muscles:

Smooth – muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. Involuntary

Cardiac – muscles found in the heart Involuntary

Skeletal – muscles that control your movement Voluntary

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

The Muscular System

Facial Muscles – open and close eyes, mouth, aid in chewing, and make facial expressions.

Trapezius – Raises Head Sternomastoid – Turns head Deltoid – Raises arm Pectoralis Major – Moves arm Biceps Brachii – Bends elbow External Oblique – Aids breathing Satorius – Flexes knee and hip

The Muscular System Quadriceps femoris – Straightens leg Extensor digitorum longus – Extends toes Tibialis anterior – Flexes foot Biceps femoris – Rotates knee and extends thigh. Hamstring muscles – bend leg at knee. Gluteus maximus – extends thigh Latissimus dorsi – lowers arm Triceps brachii – straightens arm

Muscular Dystrophy Research “Muscular Dystrophy,”

Create poster talking about Tests/Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Causes/Risk Factors Different diseases

Due April 1, 2009

Skeletal Muscles Skeletal muscles work in pairs.

One muscles contracts The other muscle extends.

Biceps brachii Triceps brachii

To bend arm, the biceps brachii contract and triceps brachii extend.

To straighten arm, the biceps brachii extend, and triceps brachii contract.

Caring for your Muscles Regular Physical Activity Nutritious Eating Plan Good Posture Lift Objects Carefully Treat injuries quickly

Homework Lesson 2 Review

Page 63 #1-5 Do not copy questions On Separate Paper Tech Academy:

Do # 6 as well.

Section 3: The Circulatory System

Read Pages 64-68 Students will learn about:

Functions of the circulatory system. How blood circulates through the body. How to keep your circulatory system healthy.

Your Heart and Blood Vessels Circulatory System is the group of organs

and tissues that moves essential materials to body cells and remove waste products.

Also known as CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Cardio – heart Vascular – having to do with vessels

Heart Organ made out of cardiac muscle.

Pumps blood throughout the network of blood vessels.

3 Types of Vessels: Arteries – vessel that carries blood with Oxygen, from

the heart. Veins – vessel that carries blood without Oxygen,

back to heart. Capillaries – provide body cells with blood and connect

arteries with veins.

How Circulation Works Two Types of Circulation:

Pulmonary Circulation: Carries blood from the heart, through the lungs,

and back to the heart. Blood becomes enriched with Oxygen.

Systemic Circulation: Sends oxygen rich blood to all the body tissues

except the lungs

Pulmonary and SystemicI. The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and

sends it to the left ventricle.II. The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the aorta, the

body’s largest artery.III. Aorta carries blood to branching arteries that take it to capillaries

and to cells.IV. The cells send back wastes such as Carbon Dioxide.V. The capillaries deliver this low oxygen blood to veins.VI. The veins carry the blood to the right atrium of the heart.VII. The right atrium sends blood to the right ventricle. This part of

the heart sends the low oxygen, high Carbon Dioxide blood to the lungs.

VIII. In the lungs, Carbon Dioxide is removed, and is exhaled. Oxygen is inhaled and added to the body. Blood is sent to the heart through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.

Circulation Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Left

Ventricle Aorta Arteries Capillaries (gas exchange) Capillaries Veins Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium

Cool Links http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/ani

m_heart.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/animate/

heart_bloodflow.swf http://

www.ahealthyme.com/Imagebank/heart.swf http://

www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/bodyblood.htm

Ups and Downs Stretch one arm high above your head. Let the other arm hang down by your side. Hold position for a minute.

Record your observations.

What’s In Your Blood There are different parts of blood.

Plasma – yellowish fluid, the watery portion of blood.

50% of blood volume. Red blood cells – Carry oxygen from the lungs

to all body parts. White blood cells – Fight infection. Platelets – Help blood clot. Coagulation.

Red Blood CellsAverage Life Cycle : 120 Days

Bones produce New Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells Destroy foreign

cells Fight infection

Platelets Help blood clot Why do older

people take baby aspirin, which is a blood thinner?

15 Facts

Blood Type: Type A Type B Type AB

Universal Recipient

Type O Universal Donor

Blood TypesType Can Receive Can Donate To

A A, O A, AB

B B, O B, AB

AB A, B, AB, O AB

O O A, B, AB, O

Type O

Type A

Type AB

Type B

Rh Factor You can either be Rh positive or Rh

Negative. Rh Positive Can receive blood from both Rh

Positive and Rh Negative individuals. Rh Negative Can receive blood from only Rh

Negative individuals

Caring for Circulatory System Don’t Do Drugs Don’t Drink Alcohol Don’t use Tobacco EXERCISE!!!

Homework Lesson 3 Review

Page 68 #1-6 Do Not Copy Questions On Separate Paper

Due Tomorrow Chapter Test Friday

What to Know For Test Bones (16) Types of Connective Tissue and Function (3) Types of Muscles (3) Types of Joints and Location (4) Path of Blood Components of Blood Blood Types Types of Circulation (2) Types of Vessels