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Physical and Chemical Properties
Lesson 1 : Describe the Chemical and Physical Properties of Various Substances
1. Differentiate between chemical and physical properties.
2. Classify substances based on their chemical and physical properties (for example: reacts with water, does not react with water, flammable or nonflammable, hard or soft, flexible or nonflexible, evaporates or melts at room temperature).
3. Investigate and report on the chemical and physical properties of a particular substance.
Guess what you’ll be able to do at the end of this Lesson:
Vocabulary for Lesson 1Science Language you should KNOW and USE:
1. Atom – The smallest part of an element which maintains the properties of that element.
2. Chemical Properties - The identifying characteristics of a substance such as color, taste, heat content, effervescence, that makes substances behave or react the way they do.
3. Energy - The ability to do work (i.e. create change).4. Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space.5. Molecule - The smallest part into which a chemical compound may be divided. In
chemical form, these are expressed with the chemical symbol and numbers representing the number of atoms of that atom. An example is: H2O (water).
6. Phase Change - a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition.
7. Physical Properties - Mainly the size and shape of a substance.
Assignment : Using the VocabularyComplete the following assignment:
Draw a picture of each vocabulary term on the paper provided. Each
picture should be a strong enough depiction that
someone can figure out what it is, without using
letters of any kind.
Another student will try to guess which picture is
which term at a later time.
• What is Matter?
• What is a Physical Property of a Substance?
• What is a Chemical Property of a Substance?
• What is the difference between Chemical and Physical Properties?
What is Matter?
We will be referring to MATTER throughout this course, it is important that you understand what it is and what can happen to it.
Matter is EVERYWHERE!
Matter is ANYTHING that has mass.
Matter is anything and EVERYTHING that takes up space.
Matter is made up of elements and compounds, which are made up of ATOMS and MOLECULES.
Matter cannot be created and it cannot be destroyed, it can only be CHANGED.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Chemical Properties:Properties that DO change the chemical
nature of matter. These are usually observed during a reaction.
e.g. – reactivity with water, pH, heat given off of the matter
Physical Properties:Properties that DO NOT change the
chemical nature of matter. These are usually easy to observe at any time.
e.g. – color, odor, density, freezing point, boiling point, melting point
In this lesson we will be learning about Chemical and Physical Properties. You will beable to identify chemical and physical properties and know the differences between them.
Now, follow this link to take an interactive quiz to help you better understand which properties are chemical and which are physical.
Examples of Chemical Properties
• Flammability• Toxicity
• Oxidation
• Radioactivity• Sensitivity to Light
• Acidity
It’s ability to catch on fireIt’s ability to be poisonousIt’s ability to react to oxygen (steel
that gets rust, fruit browning)It’s ability to emit energyIt’s ability to react to light
(newspaper yellowing)It’s ability to react with or corrode
others substances
Examples of Physical Properties
• Color• Odor
• Texture• Density
• Freezing Point
• Melting Point
• Boiling Point
What you see when it’s at restWhat you smell when it’s at restWhat you feel when it’s at restWhat is it’s Mass/Volume ratioWhen does it change from a liquid
to a solidWhen does it change from a solid to
a liquidWhen does it change from a liquid
to a gas
Phase Change
One very important physical property is that of Phase Change. This is the point where a solid becomes a liquid, then a liquid becomes a gas, and then back again.
We see this with water, when frozen it is a solid, as it starts to melt it turns into a liquid, and if heated high enough, it will turn into steam. The steam rises, attaches to something, cools slightly and becomes a liquid again, then the liquid is placed in the freezer until it forms a solid ice cube.
Read over THIS PAGE to learn a little more about phase changes.
Answer the following questions:
1. What factor(s) cause phase change?
2. What do you call the process of a liquid changing to a solid?
3. What do you call the process of a liquid changing to a gas?
4. Which phase do you think has the greatest level of molecular motion?
5. Which phase changes REQUIRE energy in order to occur?
Assignment: Chemical and Physical Properties Review
Read through the following exercise titled:One of These Things is Not Like the Other
(click on the title)
Answer the 4 Analysis Questions at the end of the exercise.
Making Observations
Start looking at the things around you.
Which things would react with water?Which things are flammable?
Which things would melt at room temperature?Which things are yellow?
Now ask yourself:How much can I learn just by observing the
substance, and how much of this would require some sort of experimentation?
Assignment: Classifying Substances based on their Properties
Items to Observe:
Odor Reacts with Water
yes or no?
Color State at Room Temp.
Flammable
yes or no?
Hard or Soft?
Flexible
yes or no?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pick 5 items near you right now and then fill out the chart below:
For a little extra practice, circle those that are CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of the substances you tested. You will not test for Flammability, just make your best guess based on your own prior knowledge. Make a chart similar to this on your paper.
Assignment: What’s In It?
For this assignment, you will need to look at the picture and video on the site linked below.
Read over the information on THIS PAGE and then make 2 lists, one of Physical Properties and one of Chemical Properties of the candle.
