Upload
erik-bryce-marshall
View
229
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 12 Southern EuropeSection 1:Physical Geography
Physical Features
Southern Europe has three large peninsulas; Iberian peninsula, Italian peninsula and the Balkan peninsula.
Southern Europe is also known as Mediterranean Europe.
All of Southern Europe have long coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea.
Physical Features: LandformsAll three peninsulas
are largely covered with rugged mountains.Iberian Peninsula:
Pyrenees (Pir-uh-neez) mountains that form a barrier between Spain and France.
Italian Peninsula: Apennines (A-puh-nynz) (run along the whole peninsula) and Alps (Europe's highest mountains)
Pyrenees
Alps
Apennines
Physical Features: LandformsSouthern Europe’s mountains extend into the
sea forming islands. There are over 2,00 islands in the Aegean Sea east of Greece.
There are also flat plains along the coasts and river valleys throughout this region:Good for farming Where most of the population lives
Water FeaturesWater is central to the
regions geography, no place in Southern Europe is far from a major body of water.
Seas have given people in this region food and easy access to travel around the region.
The largest body of water in the region is the Mediterranean sea. Other seas include the:Adriatic seaAegean seaIonian sea
Only a few rivers run through the region:Tagus (tay-guhs)
regions longest river, flows across the Iberian peninsula.
Po river, runs through the Italian peninsula
Climate and Resources
Climate: Mediterranean Climate
Mild and sunny climateMild wintersLittle rain in the summer, more rain in the winter
Resources:Climate is the most valuable resource; ideal for growing crops
(citrus fruits, grapes, olives and wheat)Tourism: Millions of tourists are drawn to the region every
year for its climate, beaches and scenery.
Climate and ResourcesSeas:
Seas are another resource in Southern EuropeLargest cities are ports that ship goods all over
the worldFood:
Variety of Fish and shellfish that provide the basis for a profitable fishing industries.
Section 2: Greece
History: Ancient GreeceAncient Greece:
The Greeks were pioneers in many fields that have shaped the modern world Theater: Tragedies and
Comedies Philosophy: Created a
system of reasoning that is the foundation for modern sciences.
Democracy: Future governments all around the world will use the Greek’s ideals of democracy into their own governments.
Olympics: 776 BC Olympia, in honor or Zeus
Art: life like paintings and statues that served as examples for later artists to imitate.
Architecture: Built stately temples of marble that continue to inspire architects around the world.
Literature: New forms in history and drama
Math: Made advances in geometry
History: The Romans and the Turks300’s Greece become part
of Alexander the Great’s empire.Under Alexander’s rule
Greek culture spread throughout his empire.
When the empire broke up Greece became part of the Roman Empire
After AD 400 Roman Empire divided into two parts, Greece became part of the Byzantine Empire.Apart of Byzantine Empire
for about 1,000 years
1300’s-1400’s Greece was taken over by the Ottoman Turks from Central AsiaTurks were Muslim
but allowed people of Greece to remain Christian .
History: Independent GreeceGreeks were not happy under the Turkish
rule; rose up against the Turks in the 1800’s.Greeks received help from other European
countries to help drive the Turks outAfter rebellion Greece became a monarchy Greece experienced instability in the 1900’s,
falling to a military dictatorship from 1967-1974, but more recently has returned to a democracy.
CultureFactors that have
shaped Greece’s cultureGreek LanguageChristianity Customs adopted
from the many groups who have ruled Greece.
Language and Religion:Speak Greek- one of
the oldest languages spoken in Europe today
Orthodox Church- Branch of Christianity that dates back to Byzantine Empire (nearly everyone belongs to)
CultureCustoms:
Food: Influenced by products native to Greece and groups who have ruled Greece over time Lamb/ Olives/
Vegetables- grow in Greece
Yogurt/ Honey- From the Turks
Family: Central to Greek culture and Greek society
Greece Today Urban and Rural Greece
3/5 of all people in Greece live in cities today Athens- The nations capital, is the largest city
and home to 1/3 of the country's entire population.
Outside of the city people live in isolated mountain villages where they grow crops, raise animals such as sheep and goats. Village life center around a village square- People
meet there to discuss local events and make decisions.
Greece’s Economy Experiencing economic growth but not as much
as other European countries. Lack of resources- Few mineral resources and
rugged landscape Tourism- Very profitable industry for Greece
Millions of people per year come to vacation in Greece
Shipping-largest shipping fleet in the world that ships products all over the world
History: Ancient RomeAccording to legend, the city of Rome was built in the 700’s BC.
Greatest civilization developed in Italy was Rome
The Romans created a huge empire. At it’s height, the empire included parts of Europe, Southwest Asia and Northern Africa.
Roman art, architecture, literature, and law still influence people today.
Christianity arose sand spread in the Roman Empire.
History: The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of great advances in art, architecture, and literature
Began in the 1300’s cities like Florence.
From Italy, the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe.
Some of the world’s greatest works of art were created at this time.
History: Unified Italy
Since the Middle ages, Italy had been divided into small states.
In the mid-1800’s, increased feelings of nationalism led people across Italy to fight for unification.
The fight for unification was led by Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Italy was officially unified in 1861
Culture Religion:
Most people in Italy belong to the Roman Catholic Church
Historically religion has been the strongest influence on Italian culture
Pope- The spiritual head of the Roman Catholic Church Current Pope- Pope Francis Lives in Vatican city, located
in Rome. 100’s of churches throughout
the city of Rome all periods in history
Local Traditions: Italian Food: All over Italy people
eat many o the same foods; olives, tomatoes, rice, pasta. However the way they prepare the food differs depending on the region you are in. South- serve pasta with tomato
sauces North- creamy sauces are more
common.
Center for the arts: Italy has produced some the worlds greatest painters, designers, sculptors, authors, composers, fashion designers and film makers. Leaders in contemporary art forms
Italy TodayA shared language, the Roman Catholic church
and strong family ties help bind Italians together.
Southern Italy Country’s poorer half Heavily dependent on agriculture Sicily-island of the tip of Italy Naples- the most important city in southern Italy;
major port and manufacturing center.
Northern Italy Strong economy due to; Fertile farm lands, major
trade centers and most popular tourist destinations.
Rome- Capital of Italy (central part of the country) Major center for banking and industry and one of the
world’s most popular tourist sites. Milan- Largest city in Italy and global fashion
capital Cloths created in Milan influence fashion designers
around the world
Section 4: Spain and Portugal
HistoryTime Line Spain and Portugal share the Iberian
Peninsula or Iberia.
Many powerful empires controlled all or part of the Iberian peninsula in the past: 700 BC Phoenicians colonized coastal
area of what is now Spain
Greeks
Roman Empire
After Roman Empire fell apart, Iberia was invaded by the Moors ( Muslim group from North Africa. For 600 years much of Iberian peninsula was under Muslim rule.
End of the 1400’s the Muslims were driven out of Iberia and the rulers of the Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal banned together to force non- Christians to leave Iberia.
Spain and Portugal went on to build huge empire that spanned the oceans having territories in the Americas, Africa and Asia.
Colonies of Spain and Portugal broke away in the 1800’s and 1900’s and became independent.
CultureLanguage:
Most widely spoken languages are Spanish and Portuguese Different dialects of each are spoken differently in different parts of the region.
Religion: Most people in Spain and Portugal are Roman Catholic
Celebrate Christmas/ Easter Hold festivals in honor of their patron saints
Music and Art: Portuguese are famous for sad folk songs called fados Spanish are known for a style of song and dance called flamenco Many elements of Iberia’s art and architecture reflect its Muslim past
Round arches Elaborate tile work
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiuH7yOMCVo (flamenco)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=on9lKHZc5jA (fados)
Spain and Portugal Today Spain
Still governed by a king (descendent of kings who ruled long ago)
Parliamentary Monarchy- The king rules with the help of an elected parliament
Agriculture was once the major economic activity, now they create automobiles and high tech products
Major cities like Madrid and Barcelona are centers for industry, tourism and culture
Portugal Republic with elected leaders
Economy based largely on industries centered in large cities like Lisbon
In rural areas many people depend on agriculture as a source of income