Physical Properties Physical Properties DemonstrationDemonstration Why is there a difference in the Why is there a difference in the

behavior of the two cans of soda? behavior of the two cans of soda? (Hint: think about what is (Hint: think about what is contained in each can.)contained in each can.)

Density Demonstration

Density = mass/volume

Assume the density of H2O = 1g/mL

Estimate what is the density of diet soda?

What is the density of regular soda?

Which can weighs more? How do you know?

The early EarthThe early EarthDensity of Elements

and Compounds has, in a large part determined their distribution on the planet

Volcanic gases Volcanic gases include: Hinclude: H2, O, O2, , HH2O, COO, CO2 (carbon (carbon dioxide), Ndioxide), N22, CO , CO (carbon monoxide), (carbon monoxide),

Given these densities, which Given these densities, which gases in the early earth do you gases in the early earth do you think stayed close to the planet think stayed close to the planet and which escaped into space? and which escaped into space? Why?Why?

Density (g/mL)

Hydrogen (H2) 8.988 x 10-5

Nitrogen (N2) 1.25 x 10-3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1.25 x 10-3

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1.977 x 10-3

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 1.00045 x 10-3

Which important gas present on earth today is missing from this list?

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Carbon is Carbon is

exchanged between exchanged between the atmosphere and the atmosphere and the land and water the land and water reservoirs on Earth. reservoirs on Earth. The existing cycles The existing cycles remove about as remove about as much carbon as much carbon as they add, but they add, but human activity is human activity is currently increasing currently increasing atmospheric carbon atmospheric carbon by about 3 bmt per by about 3 bmt per yearyear

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is

converted into sugar.converted into sugar. Solar energy + 6COSolar energy + 6CO22 + + 6H6H22O O C C66HH1212OO66

+ 6O+ 6O22

Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide WaterWater SugarSugar Oxygen Oxygen

The solar energy is converted into stored The solar energy is converted into stored chemical energy in the form of sugarchemical energy in the form of sugar

Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions continuedcontinued Chemical reactions involve a Chemical reactions involve a

rearrangement of atoms as they change rearrangement of atoms as they change from one substance to anotherfrom one substance to another

Use formulas rather than namesUse formulas rather than names Starting materials on left, products on Starting materials on left, products on

rightright means yieldsmeans yields + means reacts with+ means reacts with Atoms on left must equal atoms on rightAtoms on left must equal atoms on right

Photosynthesis: a Photosynthesis: a chemical reactionchemical reaction

6CO6CO22 + + 6H6H22O O C C66HH1212OO66 + + 6O6O22

Balanced?Balanced?

Reaction of Mg and Reaction of Mg and HClHCl Where did the Mg go?Where did the Mg go? What evidence do you have that a What evidence do you have that a

reaction took place?reaction took place?

Reaction:Reaction:

Balancing ReactionsBalancing Reactions

Balance:Balance: Na + ClNa + Cl22 NaCl NaCl

NONO22 + H + H22O O HNO HNO33 + NO + NO

KI + Pb(NOKI + Pb(NO33))22