Physical SciencePhysical Science

Pre-TestChapter 19

Each letter or Each letter or pair of letters is a pair of letters is a _______ _______._______ _______.

Chemical Chemical symbolsymbol

Know your Know your chemical symbols chemical symbols

and chemical and chemical names.names.

A _______ is a A _______ is a combination of combination of

two or more two or more elements.elements.

compoundcompound

_______ means _______ means written below.written below.

What two things What two things does a chemical does a chemical

formula tell?formula tell?

subscriptsubscript

_______ _______ _______ _______ tells which tells which

elements and the elements and the ratio of the atoms ratio of the atoms

of those of those elements.elements.

Chemical formulaChemical formula

An element is An element is _______ _______ _______ _______

if the outer if the outer energy level is energy level is

completely filled.completely filled.

Chemically stableChemically stable

_______ is the _______ is the maximum number maximum number of electrons in an of electrons in an

elements elements outermost energy outermost energy

level.level.

88

_______ _______ _______ _______ is a force that is a force that holds together holds together the atoms in a the atoms in a

substance.substance.

Chemical bondChemical bond

Does a compound Does a compound always have the always have the

same properties as same properties as the elements that the elements that

make it up?make it up?NONO

_______ _______ _______ _______ are the electrons are the electrons in the outermost in the outermost

energy level.energy level.

Valence Valence electronselectrons

_______ _______ are _______ _______ are more chemically stable more chemically stable

than other elements than other elements because they have a because they have a

complete outer energy complete outer energy level.level.

Noble gasesNoble gases

Why do most Why do most elements tend to elements tend to

form compounds?form compounds?

To become To become chemically chemically

stablestable

_______ are _______ are atoms that have a atoms that have a

charge.charge.

IonsIons

_______ _______ is the _______ _______ is the force of attraction force of attraction

between the opposite between the opposite charges of the ions in charges of the ions in an ionic compound.an ionic compound.

Ionic bondIonic bond

The result of The result of bonding is a net bonding is a net

charge of charge of ________.________.zerozero

_______ is a _______ is a positively positively

charged ion.charged ion.

cationcation

_______ is a _______ is a negatively negatively

charged ion.charged ion.

anionanion

_______ _______ _______ _______ is the attraction is the attraction

that forms that forms between atoms between atoms

when they share when they share electrons.electrons.

Covalent bondsCovalent bonds

_______ means _______ means “having “having

oppositely oppositely charged ends.”charged ends.”

polarpolar

_______ _______ _______ _______ is a molecule that is a molecule that

has a positive has a positive end and a end and a

negative end.negative end.

Polar moleculePolar molecule

_______ _______ _______ _______ is a molecule that is a molecule that

does not have does not have oppositely oppositely

charged ends.charged ends.

Nonpolar moleculeNonpolar molecule

_______ _______ _______ _______ is the apparent is the apparent charge on an charge on an

element.element.

Oxidation Oxidation numbernumber

_______ _______ is a _______ _______ is a positive or negative positive or negative

number assigned to an number assigned to an element to show its element to show its

combining ability in a combining ability in a compound.compound.

Oxidation numberOxidation number

Left to Right across Left to Right across the periodic table, the periodic table,

the number of the number of valence electrons valence electrons goes __________.goes __________.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Left to Right Left to Right across the across the

periodic table, periodic table, oxidation oxidation

numbers go numbers go ______________________________

______.______.+1, +2, +3, ±4, -3, -2, -1, 0+1, +2, +3, ±4, -3, -2, -1, 0

_______ means _______ means two.two.

bibi

_______ _______ compounds are compounds are

composed of two composed of two elements.elements.

binarybinary

State the rules for State the rules for writing formulas writing formulas

for binary for binary compounds.compounds.

See notesSee notes

Be able to write Be able to write chemical chemical

formulas when formulas when given a pair of given a pair of

elements.elements.

See notesSee notes

State the rules for State the rules for naming binary naming binary compounds.compounds.

See notesSee notes

Be able to name Be able to name compounds when compounds when given a chemical given a chemical

formula.formula.

See notesSee notes

The net charge on The net charge on a compound is a compound is

always _______.always _______.zerozero

_______ _______ _______ _______ is a positively or is a positively or

negatively charged, negatively charged, covalently bonded covalently bonded

group of atoms.group of atoms.

Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion

_______ is a _______ is a compound that has compound that has

water chemically water chemically attached to its ions.attached to its ions.

hydratehydrate

Chemists use Chemists use ______________ from the from the periodic table to periodic table to

write formulas for write formulas for compounds.compounds.

symbolssymbols

_______ means _______ means “many.”“many.”

polypoly

Know the Know the Polyatomic ions.Polyatomic ions.

See pg 591See pg 591

Know the prefixes Know the prefixes used in naming used in naming

molecules.molecules.

See pg 593See pg 593

Be able to name and Be able to name and make compounds make compounds

with the Polyatomic with the Polyatomic ions.ions.

See notesSee notes