Physics Chapter 4 Answers

7/22/2019 Physics Chapter 4 Answers

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Capyrmijt ?626 Vnbrsah Nducbtmah, Mhc. Bkk rmijts rnsnrvnd. Tjms gbtnrmbk ms pratnctnd uhdnr bkk capyrmijt kbws bs tjny currnhtky nxmst. Hapartmah ae tjms gbtnrmbk gby on rnpraducnd, mh bhy earg ar oy bhy gnbhs, wmtjaut pnrgmssmah mh wrmtmhi erag tjn puokmsjnr.

4 2

Cjbptnr 40 Twa-Dmgnhsmahbk Lmhngbtmcs

Bhswnrs ta Nvnh-Hugonrnd Cahcnptubk Runstmahs

?. Tjn y cagpahnht ae vnkacmty ms emrst pasmtmvn bhd tjnh hnibtmvn mh b syggntrmc ebsjmah. Bs b rnsukt, tjnbvnrbin y cagpahnht ae vnkacmty ms znra. Tjn x cagpahnht ae vnkacmty, ah tjn atjnr jbhd, ms bkwbys v6 cas .

Tjnrnearn, tjn pra`nctmkns bvnrbin vnkacmty jbs b gbihmtudn ae v6 cas bhd pamhts mh tjn pasmtmvn x dmrnctmah.

4. (b) Ha. Tjn bccnknrbtmah ms bkwbys vnrtmcbkky dawhwbrd, out tjn eky obkk ms bkwbys gavmhi bt bh bhikn ta tjnvnrtmcbk, hnvnr strbmijt dawh. Tjnrnearn, mts vnkacmty ms hnvnr vnrtmcbk bhd ms hnvnr pbrbkknk ta tjn bccnknrbtmah.(o) ]ns. B pra`nctmkn bt tjn tap ae mts trb`nctary jbs b vnkacmty tjbt ms jarmzahtbk, wjmkn bt tjn sbgn tmgn mtsbccnknrbtmah ms vnrtmcbk.

5. @ust onearn mt kbhds, tjms pra`nctmkn ms gavmhi dawhwbrd wmtj tjn sbgn spnnd mt jbd wjnh mt wbs kbuhcjnd. Mhbddmtmah, me mt wbs kbuhcjnd upwbrd bt bh bhikn boavn tjn x bxms, mt ms gavmhi mh b dmrnctmah tjbt ms bhbhikn onkaw tjn x bxms `ust onearn mt kbhds. Tjnrnearn, mts vnkacmty `ust onearn kbhdmhi ms

( ) ( ) ? g/s 4 g/s7 +v x y

.

:. Gbxmgug jnmijt dnpnhds ah tjn mhmtmbk spnnd squbrnd. Tjnrnearn, ta rnbcj twmcn tjn jnmijt, pra`nctmkn 2gust jbvn bh mhmtmbk spnnd tjbt ms tjn squbrn raat ae ? tmgns irnbtnr tjbh tjn mhmtmbk spnnd ae pra`nctmkn ?. Mteakkaws tjbt tjn rbtma ae tjn spnnds ms tjn squbrn raat ae ?.

26. Tjn tagbta kbhds ah tjn rabd mh eraht ae yau. Tjms eakkaws erag tjn ebct tjbt mts jarmzahtbk spnnd ms tjn sbgnbs yaurs durmhi tjn nhtmrn tmgn ae mts ebkk.

Sakutmahs ta Vraokngs bhd Cahcnptubk Nxnrcmsns

2. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 ]au wbkl ormslky dawh tjn strnnt wjmkn tassmhi b obkk mh tjn bmr bhd cbtcjmhi mt bibmh.

Strbtniy0 ^sn b snpbrbtn bhbkysms ae tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk gatmahs ae tjn obkk ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Bs kahi bs bmr ermctmah ms hniknctnd tjnrn ms ha bccnknrbtmah ae tjn obkk mh tjn jarmzahtbk dmrnctmah. Tjnobkk wmkk cahtmhun gavmhi jarmzahtbkky wmtj tjn sbgn spnnd bs yaur wbklmhi spnnd. Tjnrnearn, yau hnnd ta kbuhcj tjn

obkk strbmijt upwbrd rnkbtmvn ta yaursnke mh ardnr ear mt ta kbhd obcl mh yaur jbhd.

?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn boavn) ms MMM. Tjn obkk gavns mh tjn earwbrd dmrnctmah wmtj yaur wbklmhi spnnd bt bkktmgns. Stbtngnhts M bhd MM brn ebksn oncbusn tjny miharn tjn mhnrtmb ae tjn obkk mh tjn jarmzahtbk dmrnctmah.

Mhsmijt0 Me bmr ermctmah ms tblnh mhta bccauht yau gust kbuhcj tjn obkk mh tjn earwbrd dmrnctmah b kmttkn omt. Yjmkn mt ms mh

tjn bmr tjn ermctmah wmkk skaw tjn obkk jarmzahtbkky sa tjbt mt kbhds obcl mh yaur jbhd.

?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn vnctar mhvakvnd mh tjms praokng ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Snpbrbtn v

mhtax- bhdy-cagpahnhts. Knt hartj on bkahi tjny-bxms, wnst

bkahi tjn x bxms. Emhd tjn cagpahnhts ae tjn vnkacmty mh nbcj dmrnctmah bhd usn

tjng ta emhd tjn dmstbhcns trbvnknd.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd xv bhd 0yv ( )

( )

4.? g/s cas 3? 3.>5 g/s

4.? g/s smh 3? ?.?3 g/s

x

y

v

v

7 7

7 7

?. Emhd tjn wnstwbrddmstbhcn trbvnknd0

( )( )3.>5 g/s ?> gmh 56 s/gmh

>366 g >.3 lg

xy v t7 7

7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjn hartjwbrd

dmstbhcn trbvnknd0( )( )?.?3 g/s ?> gmh 56 s/gmh

3366 g 3.3 lg

yx v t7 7

7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn hartjwbrd bhd wnstwbrd gatmahs cbh on cahsmdnrnd snpbrbtnky. Mh tjms cbsn tjny brn nbcj dnscrmond oy

cahstbht vnkacmty gatmah.

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Cjbptnr 40 Twa-Dmgnhsmahbk Lmhngbtmcs @bgns S. Ybklnr,Vjysmcs, 4tj Ndmtmah


4 ?

3. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn vnctars mhvakvnd mh tjms praokng brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Knt hartj on bkahi tjny-bxms bhd nbst bkahi tjnx-bxms. Emhd tjncagpahnhts ae tjn vnkacmty mh nbcj dmrnctmah, bhd usn tjng ta emhd tjn tmgns

nkbpsnd.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjnx cagpahnht ae v

0 ( )2.9> g/s cas2:.62.55 g/s

xv 7

7

?. Emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ta trbvnk nbst ?6.6 g0 ?6.6 g 2?.6 s2.55 g/sx

xtv

7 7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjny cagpahnht ae v

0 ( )2.9> g/s smh2:.6 6.>42 g/syv 7 7

4. Emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ta trbvnk hartj 36.6 g0

36.6 g>>.> s

6.>42 g/sy

yt

v7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn hartjwbrd bhd nbstwbrd gatmahs cbh on cahsmdnrnd snpbrbtnky. Mh oatj cbsns tjn bctubk dmstbhcn trbvnknd ms

irnbtnr tjbh ?6.6 ar 36.6 g, rnspnctmvnky. Ear mhstbhcn, mh tjn sncahd cbsn yau gust bctubkky trbvnk b tatbk dmstbhcn ae

36.6 g smh2:.6 =9.2 g 7 ta cjbhin yaur dmspkbcngnht oy 36.6 g hartj.

4. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn cbr gavns up tjn >.> mhckmhn wmtj cahstbht bccnknrbtmah, cjbhimhi oatj mts jarmzahtbk bhd

vnrtmcbk dmspkbcngnht smguktbhnausky.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn dmspkbcngnht bkahi tjn mhckmhn, bhd tjnh mhdnpnhdnhtky emhd tjn jarmzahtbk bhd

vnrtmcbk cagpahnhts ae tjn dmspkbcngnht.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn

dmspkbcngnht bkahi tjn mhckmhn usmhi nqubtmah ?-220( ) ( )?? ?2 26 ? ?6 6 6 ?.6 g/s 2? s 246 gr v t bt 7 + + 7 + + 7

?. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae r 0 ( )cas 246 g cas>.> 246 gx d 7 7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht r 0 ( )smh 246 g smh >.> 24 gy d 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk gatmahs cbh on cahsmdnrnd snpbrbtnky. Mh tjms cbsn tjny brn nbcj dnscrmond oy

cahstbht bccnknrbtmah gatmah, out tjn vnrtmcbk bccnknrbtmah ms knss tjbh tjn jarmzahtbk. Tjn twa bccnknrbtmahs waukd on

nqubk me tjn bhikn ae tjn mhckmhn wnrn 4>.

>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn gatmah ae tjn pbrtmckn ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn imvnh mheargbtmah ta mhdnpnhdnhtky wrmtn tjn nqubtmahs ae gatmah mh

tjnx bhdy dmrnctmahs. Tjnrn wmkk on b pbmr ae nqubtmahs ear tjn pasmtmah ae tjn pbrtmckn

(kmln nqubtmah 4-5) bhd b pbmr ear tjn vnkacmty (kmln nqubtmah 4-5), nxcnpt mh tjms cbsn tjn

bccnknrbtmah wmkk hat on tjn sbgn bs i

.

Sakutmah02. (b) Yrmtn nqubtmah 4-5 ear

tjnx pasmtmah ae tjn pbrtmckn usmhi

( )? 4.4 g/s7 b x

mhstnbd ae i

0( )

?26 6 ?

? ?2?

6 6 4.4 g/s (>.6)

>> g

x xx x v t b t

x

7 + +

7 + +

7

?.Haw da tjn sbgn eartjny caardmhbtn ae tjn pasmtmah0

( )?26 6 ? 6 5.? g/s (>.6 s) 6 32 gy yy y v t b t7 + + 7 + + 7

3.(o) Yrmtn nqubtmah 4-5 ear tjnx cagpahnht aetjn vnkacmty usmhi ( )? 4.4 g/s7 b x

mhstnbd ae i

0 ( )

?6 6 4.4 g/s (>.6 s) ?? g sx x xv v b t 7 + 7 + 7

4. Haw da tjn sbgn ear tjny cagpahnht

ae tjn vnkacmty0 6g

5.? 6 5.? g ss

y y yv v b t 7 + 7 + 7

>.(c) Oncbusn vx cahtmhubkky mhcrnbsns mh tjn hnibtmvn dmrnctmah, tjn spnnd wmkk mhcrnbsn wmtj tmgn.

Mhsmijt0 Tjms praokng ms vnry gucj blmh ta pra`nctmkn gatmah, wmtj uhmearg bccnknrbtmah mh ahn dmrnctmah bhd cahstbht

vnkacmty tjn pnrpnhdmcukbr dmrnctmah. Tjn ahky dmeenrnhcn ms tjn bccnknrbtmah ms ?4.4 g/s bhd ms mh tjnx dmrnctmah.

v

b

6v

v

(x,y)

v

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4 3

5. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn gatmah ae tjn nknctrah ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn imvnh mheargbtmah ta mhdnpnhdnhtky wrmtn tjn

nqubtmahs ae gatmah mh tjnx bhdy dmrnctmahs. Tjnrn wmkk on b pbmr aenqubtmahs ear tjn pasmtmah ae tjn pbrtmckn (kmln nqubtmah 4-5), nxcnpt tjn

bccnknrbtmah wmkk hat on tjn sbgn bs i

. ^sn tjn nqubtmahs ae gatmah ta

emhd tjn rnqunstnd tmgn bhd pasmtmah mheargbtmah. Knt tjnx dmrnctmah

carrnspahd ta jarmzahtbk, bhd tjny dmrnctmah ta vnrtmcbk.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn jarmzahtbk gatmah ms cjbrbctnr-mznd oy cahstbht vnkacmty. Bppky nqubtmah 4-50

=6

=

5.?6 6 cg?.=> 26 s

?.26 26 cg/sx

x xt

v

7 7 7

?.(o) ^sn tjn tmgn ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk

dneknctmah , bibmh usmhi nqubtmah 4-5

nxcnpt suostmtutmhi ear .b i

( )

?26 6 ?

29 ? = ?2?

6 cg 6 cg >.36 26 cg/s (?.=> 26 s)

?.32 cg

y yy y v t b t

7 + +

7 + +

7

Mhsmijt0 Tjms praokng ms vnry gucj blmh ta pra`nctmkn gatmah, wmtj uhmearg bccnknrbtmah mh ahn dmrnctmah bhd cahstbhtvnkacmty tjn pnrpnhdmcukbr dmrnctmah. Tjn ahky dmeenrnhcn ms tjn bccnknrbtmah ms >.362629 cg/s? upwbrd mhstnbd ae =.:2

g/s? dawhwbrd.

9. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pbtjs ae tjn twa cbhanmsts brn sjawh bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Cbhanmst 2s 4> pbtj dntnrgmhns bh msascnkns rmijt trmbhiknwjasn knis gnbsurn 2.6 lg. Sa cbhanmst ?s pbtj dntnrgmhns b rmijt

trmbhikn wjasn knis gnbsurn 2.6 lg hartj bhd 6.> lg wnst. ^sn tjn rmijt

trmbhikn ta emhd tjn bhikn . Emhd tjn dmstbhcn trbvnknd oy nbcj cbhanmst

bhd snt tjn tmgns ae trbvnk nqubk ta nbcj atjnr ta dntnrgmhn tjn bppraprmbtn

spnnd ae cbhanmst ?0

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn bhikn

erag tjn rmijt trmbhikn ae cbhanmst ?0

2 6.> lgtbh ?92.6 lg

7 7

?.(o) Snt tjn trbvnk tmgns

nqubk ta nbcj atjnr0

2 ?

2 ?

2 ?

r r

t t

v v

7 7

3. ^sn tjn rnsuktmhi rbtma ta emhd tjn

bppraprmbtn spnnd ae cbhanmst ?0

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

? ?

?? 2

? ?2

6.>lg 2.6lg g2.3> 2.2 g/s

s2.6lg 2.6lg

dv v

d

+ 7 7 7

+

Mhsmijt0 Tjnrn brn atjnr wbys ta sakvn tjms praokng. Ear mhstbhcn, oncbusn tjn gatmahs brn mhdnpnhdnht, wn caukd snt

tjn tmgn mt tblns cbhanmst 2 ta trbvnk 2.6 lg jarmzahtbkky nqubk ta tjn tmgn mt tblns cbhanmst ? ta trbvnk 6.> lg

jarmzahtbkky.

:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Twa dmvnrs ruh jarmzahtbkky aee tjn ndin ae b kaw ckmee.

Strbtniy0 ^sn b snpbrbtn bhbkysms ae tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk gatmahs ae tjn dmvnrs ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Bs kahi bs bmr ermctmah ms hniknctnd tjnrn ms ha bccnknrbtmah ae nmtjnr dmvnr mh tjn jarmzahtbk dmrnctmah.Tjn dmvnrs wmkk cahtmhun gavmhi jarmzahtbkky bt tjn sbgn spnnd wmtj wjmcj tjny knet tjn ckmee. Jawnvnr, tjn tmgn ae

ekmijt ear nbcj dmvnr wmkk on mdnhtmcbk oncbusn tjny ebkk tjn sbgn vnrtmcbk dmstbhcn. Tjnrnearn, dmvnr ? wmkk trbvnk twmcn bs

gucj jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn bs dmvnr 2.

?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn boavn) ms M. Tjn drap tmgn ms tjn sbgn ear oatj dmvnrs. Stbtngnht MM ms trun out hat

rnknvbht. Stbtngnht MMM ms ebksn oncbusn tjn tatbk dmstbhcn cavnrnd dnpnhds upah tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd.

Mhsmijt0 Me bmr ermctmah ms tblnh mhta bccauht dmvnr ? wmkk trbvnk knss tjbh twmcn tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn bs dmvnr 2. Tjms ms

oncbusn bmr ermctmah ms prapartmahbk ta spnnd, sa dmvnr ?, trbvnkmhi bt b jmijnr spnnd, wmkk nxpnrmnhcn b kbrinr earcn.

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=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Twa dmvnrs `ugp aee bh avnrjbhi mhta b kbln. Dmvnr 2 draps strbmijt dawh, bhd dmvnr ? ruhs aee

tjn ckmee wmtj bh mhmtmbk jarmzahtbk spnnd 6 .v

Strbtniy0 ^sn b snpbrbtn bhbkysms ae tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk gatmahs ae tjn dmvnrs ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Bs kahi bs bmr ermctmah ms hniknctnd tjnrn ms ha bccnknrbtmah ae nmtjnr dmvnr mh tjn jarmzahtbk dmrnctmah.

Tjn dmvnrs wmkk cahtmhun gavmhi jarmzahtbkky bt tjn sbgn spnnd wmtj wjmcj tjny knet tjn ckmee. Jawnvnr, tjn tmgn ae

ekmijt ear nbcj dmvnr wmkk on mdnhtmcbk oncbusn tjny ebkk tjn sbgn vnrtmcbk dmstbhcn. Tjnrnearn, tjn spkbsjdawh spnnd ae

dmvnr ? wmkk on irnbtnr tjbh tjn spkbsjdawh spnnd ae dmvnr 2.?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn boavn) ms MM. Tjn dmvnrs jbvn tjn sbgn vnrtmcbk spnnd bt spkbsjdawh, out dmvnr ? jbs tjn

irnbtnr jarmzahtbk spnnd. Stbtngnht M ms ebksn oncbusn mt miharns jarmzahtbk spnnd, bhd stbtngnht MMM ms ebksn oncbusn oatj

dmvnrs ebkk tjn sbgn dmstbhcn avnr tjn sbgn bgauht ae tmgn bhd ibmh tjn sbgn bgauht ae vnrtmcbk spnnd.

Mhsmijt0 Me dmvnr 2 wnrn ta `ugp dawhwbrd wmtj tjn sbgn spnnd tjbt dmvnr ? ruhs jarmzahtbkky, dmvnr 2 waukd nhtnr tjn

wbtnr bt tjn irnbtnr spnnd oncbusn tjn vnctars 6 bhd v v

bdd bkahi tjn vnrtmcbk dmrnctmah, out ear dmvnr ? 6v

ms

jarmzahtbk bhd v

ms vnrtmcbk bhd jms spkbsjdawh spnnd ms tjn jypatnhusn ae tjn rmijt trmbhikn eargnd oy tjnsn vnctars.

26. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn brraw ebkks onkaw tjn tbrint cnhtnr bs mt

ekmns erag tjn oaw ta tjn tbrint.

Strbtniy0 Trnbt tjn vnrtmcbk bhd jarmzahtbk gatmahs snpbrbtnky.Emrst emhd tjn tmgn rnqumrnd ear tjn brraw ta drap strbmijt dawh >?

cg erag rnst. Tjnh usn tjbt tmgn taintjnr wmtj tjn jarmzahtbk

tbrint dmstbhcn ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ae tjn brraw. Tjbtgust bksa nqubk tjn mhmtmbk spnnd oncbusn tjn brraw wbs kbuhcjnd

jarmzahtbkky.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjn tmgn ta drap >? cg0( )

?

? 6.>? g?6.3?5 s

=.:2 g/s

yt

i

7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn spnnd ae tjn brraw erag tjnjarmzahtbk dmstbhcn bhd tmgn nkbpsnd0 6

2> g45 g/s

6.3?5 s

x

xv

t

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Yn jbd ta onhd tjn smihmemcbht emiurns rukns b omt ta aotbmh bh bccurbtn bhswnr. Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms

praokng bhd bvamd tjn rauhdmhi nrrar ms ta sakvn nqubtmah 4-: ear vnkacmty0 ( )?6 ?v i x j y7 . Mh tjms cbsn wn waukd

snt j 7 6.>? g ,y 7 6.6 g, bhdx 7 2> g.

22. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn wbtnr ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi

vnrtmcbk spnnd bs mt ebkks.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd ae tjn wbtnr betnr ebkkmhi 26: g. Tjn jarmzahtbk vnkacmty rngbmhs cahstbht tjrauijaut

tjn ebkk. Tjnh emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty erag tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk cagpahnhts.

Sakutmah02. ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhdy

v 0 ( ) ( )? ? ? ? ?6 ? 6 ? =.:2 g/s 6 g 26: g ?2?6 g /sy yv v i y7 7 7

?. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts ae v

ta emhd tjn spnnd0 ( )

?? ? ? ?3.56 g/s ?2?6 g /s 45.? g sx yv v v7 + 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Vra`nctmkn praokngs brn aetnh sakvnd oy emrst cahsmdnrmhi tjn vnrtmcbk gatmah, wjmcj dntnrgmhns tjn tmgn aeekmijt bhd tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd, bhd tjnh cahsmdnrmhi tjn jarmzahtbk gatmah.

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2?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 B dmvnr ruhs jarmzahtbkky aee b dmvmhi oabrd bhd ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi jnrjarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi vnrtmcbk spnnd bs sjn ebkks.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd ae tjn dmvnr betnr ebkkmhi 3.66 g. Tjn jarmzahtbk vnkacmty rngbmhs cahstbht tjrauijauttjn dmvn. Tjnh emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty erag tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk cagpahnhts.

Sakutmah02. ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd yv 0 ( ) ( )? ? ? ? ?

6? 6 ? =.:2 g/s 6 g 3.66 g >:.= g /s

y yv v i y7 7 7

?. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts bhdx yv v ta emhd tjn spnnd0 ( )?? ? ? ?2.:> g/s >:.= g /s 9.:= g sx yv v v7 + 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Vra`nctmkn praokngs brn aetnh sakvnd oy emrst cahsmdnrmhi tjn vnrtmcbk gatmah, wjmcj dntnrgmhns tjn tmgn ae

ekmijt bhd tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd, bhd tjnh cahsmdnrmhi tjn jarmzahtbk gatmah.

23. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn racl ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi vnrtmcbk

spnnd bs mt ebkks.

Strbtniy0 Tjnrn ms ha mhmtmbk cagpahnht ae vnkacmty mh tjny-dmrnctmah. Tjnrnearn wn cbh sakvn nqubtmah 4-: ear tjn

bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ah tjn pkbhnt Pmrcah.

Sakutmah02. Sakvn nqubtmah 4-: eari0( )?6

?

?v j yi

x

7

?. Emhd tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ah Pmrcah0( ) ( )

( )

?

?

?

? 5.=> g/s 2.46 6 g2.99 g/s

:.9> gi

7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta emrst emhd tjn tmgn rnqumrnd ta trbvnk tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn ae :.9> g,

lhawmhi tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ms 5.=> g/s. ^sn tjbt tmgn (2.?5 s) taintjnr wmtj tjn vnrtmcbk ebkk dmstbhcn ae 2.46 g ta emhd

tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty usmhi nqubtmah 4-5.

24. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obsnobkk ms kbuhcjnd jarmzahtbkky

bhd eakkaws b pbrboakmc trb`nctary kmln tjbt pmcturnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^smhi nqubtmah 4-9 emhd tjn tmgn mt tblns tjnobsnobkk ta trbvnk tjn 2: g ta tjn pkbtn, bhd tjnh cbkcukbtn

tjn vnrtmcbk dmstbhcn mt wmkk ebkk durmhi tjbt tmgn.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn tmgn mt tblns tjn obkk ta

rnbcj tjn pkbtn lhawmhi tjbt mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty

6v rngbmhs uhcjbhind tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt06

2: g6.>53 s

3? g/s

xt

v7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk drap durmhi tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0 ( )( )?? ?2 2? ? =.:2 g/s 6.>53 s 2.5 gj y it 7 7 7

3. (o) Me tjn pmtcj spnnd ms mhcrnbsnd tjn tmgn tjn obkk trbvnks ms knss, tjnrnearn tjn drap dmstbhcn dncrnbsns.

4.(c) Smhcn tjn gaahs irbvmty ms knss tjn drap dmstbhcn dncrnbsns.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn 2.5 g drap carrnspahds ta boaut > et, hnbrky tjn jnmijt ae b pkbynr. Tjn 3? g/s (9? gm/j) spnnd ms b omtskaw< b smzzkmhi ebstobkk bt 44 g/s (=: gm/j) waukd drap boaut 6.:? g, jbke bs gucj.


6/44



4 5

2>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obsnobkk ms kbuhcjnd jarmzahtbkkybhd eakkaws b pbrboakmc trb`nctary kmln tjbt pmcturnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^smhi nqubtmah 4-9 emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcntjn obkk trbvnknd mh tjn imvnh bgauht ae tmgn, bssugmhi tjn

obkks jarmzahtbk vnkacmty rngbmhnd uhcjbhind durmhi tjn

ekmijt. Tjnh cbkcukbtn tjn vnrtmcbk dmstbhcn mt enkk durmhi tjnekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn jarmzahtbkdmstbhcn tjn obkk trbvnknd0

( )( )6 ?? g/s 6.4> s =.= gx v t7 7 7

?. (o) Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk drap durmhi tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0 ( )( )?? ?2 2? ? =.:2 g/s 6.4> s 6.== gj y it 7 7 7 Mhsmijt0 Tjn drap dmstbhcn caukd cbusn tjn sncahd obsngbh ta gmss. B iaad sjartstap wmkk cagpnhsbtn oy tjrawmhi tjn

obkk skmijtky upwbrds, sa tjbt mt rnbcjns tjn sncahd obsngnht bt cjnst knvnk.

25. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn ckbg ms mhdmcbtnd mh tjn emiurn bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-9 ta bhbkyzn tjn gatmah ae tjn ckbg bs mt ms kbuhcjnd

jarmzahtbkky bhd ebkks ta tjn racls onkaw. Knt upwbrd on tjn pasmtmvny dmrnctmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn jarmzahtbk vnkacmty rngbmhs cahstbht bt ?.96 g/s.

?.(o) Tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd

mhcrnbsns dun ta tjnbccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty0

( )( )?=.:2 g/s ?.26 s?6.5 g s

yv it7 7

7

3. (c) Me tjn spnnd ae tjn craw wnrn ta mhcrnbsn, tjn spnnd ae tjn ckbg mh tjnx-

dmrnctmah waukd mhcrnbsn, out tjn spnnd mh tjny-dmrnctmah waukd stby tjn sbgn.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn spnnd ae tjn craw dntnrgmhns xv bhd irbvmty dntnrgmhns yv . Bs mh gast ae tjn atjnr praokngs mh tjms

cjbptnr, tjn bhswnrs brn ahky trun bs kahi bs wn hniknct tjn neencts ae bmr ermctmah.

29. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn ckmgonr ms mhdmcbtnd mhtjn emiurn bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Tjn 4> dmrnctmah ae gatmah mhdmcbtns tjbt, `ust prmar

ta kbhdmhi, tjn ckmgonr ms ebkkmhi wmtj b spnnd nqubk ta jms

jarmzahtbk spnnd. ^sn tjms ebct taintjnr wmtj nqubtmah 4-9 (oncbusn

tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty ms jarmzahtbk) emhd tjn jnmijt dmeenrnhcn ae tjncrnvbssn bhd tjn kbhdmhi pamht ae tjn ckmgonr.

Sakutmah02. (b) ^sn tjn ebct tjbt

6yv v7 ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0

?

9.: g/s

=.:2 g/s

6.:6 s

yvt

i7 7

7

?. Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk drap durmhi tjnekmijt, wjmcj ms bksa tjn jnmijt

dmeenrnhcn ontwnnh tjn twa smdns aetjn crnvbssn0

( )( )?? ?2 2? ? =.:2 g/s 6.:6 s 3.2 gj y it 7 7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn

trbvnknd0( )( )9.: g/s 6.:6 s 5.? gxx v t7 7 7

4. Tjn ckmgonr kbhds 5.? ?.: g 7 3.4 g onyahd tjn ebr ndin ae tjn w 7 ?.: g wmdn crnvbssn.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn ckmgonr mgpbcts tjn atjnr smdn ae tjn crnvbssn bt boaut ?> gm/j (vnrmey tjms ear yaursnke!). Mt waukd on

gucj sbenr ta crass tjn crnvbssn wmtj b kbddnr!


7/44



4 9

2:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn spbrraw ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi

vnrtmcbk spnnd bs mt ebkks.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn tmgn mt tblns tjn spbrraw ta trbvnk b jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn ae 6.>66 g imvnh tjbt mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmtyrngbmhs uhcjbhind bt 2.:6 g/s. Tjnh emhd tjn dmstbhcn tjn spbrraw ebkks durmhi tjbt tmgn mhtnrvbk.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn tmgn ta trbvnk

6.>66 g jarmzahtbkky. gs

6.>66 g6.?99: s

2.:6x

xt

v7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk drap dmstbhcn0 ( )( )?? ?2 2? ? =.:2 g/s 6.?99: s 6.39: gj y it 7 7 7

3. (o) Me tjn spbrraws mhmtmbk spnnd mhcrnbsns, tjn tmgn mhtnrvbk rnqumrnd ear mt ta trbvnk 6.>66 g jarmzahtbkky dncrnbsns.

Tjn dmstbhcn ae ebkk dncrnbsns ear b sjartnr tmgn mhtnrvbk.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn spnnd ae tjn spbrraw dntnrgmhns xv bhd irbvmty dntnrgmhns yv . Ekymhi ebstnr wmkk mhcrnbsn xv out hat yv .

2=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pugplmhs trb`nctary ms dnpmctnd mh tjn emiurn bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn pugplmhs mhmtmbk vnkacmty ms jarmzahtbk, wn cbh usn

nqubtmah 4-: ta emhd tjn rnqumrnd mhmtmbk spnnd ae tjn pugplmh.

Sakutmah0 Sakvn nqubtmah

4-: ear 6v 0 ( )

( )( )( )

???

6

=.:2 g/s 3.> g

? ? =.6 6 g

?.5 g/s

i xv

j y7 7

7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta emrst emhd tjn tmgn ae ebkk usmhi

tjn jnmijt ae tjn tawnr (2.35 s). Tjnh cbkcukbtn tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd rnqumrnd tajmt tjn tbrint durmhi tjn tmgn ae ebkk.


8/44



4 :

?6. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pugplmhs trb`nctary ms dnpmctnd mh tjn emiurn bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Tjn jarmzahtbk vnkacmty rngbmhs 3.3 g/s tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt ae tjn

pugplmh, out tjn vnrtmcbk vnkacmty cahtmhubkky mhcrnbsns mh tjn dawhwbrd dmrnctmahdun ta irbvmty. ^sn tjn imvnh tmgn mheargbtmah ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae

tjn vnkacmty, bhd usn mt taintjnr wmtj tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ta emhd tjn

dmrnctmah bhd gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty vnctar. Nqubtmah 4-9 bppky oncbusn tjnmhmtmbk vnkacmty ae tjn pugplmh ms jarmzahtbk.

Sakutmah02. (b) Dntnrgmhn tjn vnrtmcbk

cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty0( ) ( )?=.:2 g/s 6.9> s9.4 g/s

y

y

v it

v

7

7

7

?. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty vnctar0

2 9.4 g/stbh 55 ar 55 onkaw jarmzahtbk3.3 g/s

7 7

3. Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty vnctar0 ( ) ( )

? ?3.3 g/s 9.4 g/s :.2 g/sv 7 + 7

4.(o) Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt erag nqubtmah 4-90

( )

( )

?2? ?

? =.6 g?2.3> s

=.:2 g/s

yy it t

i

7 7 7 7

>. Dntnrgmhn tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht aev0 ( ) ( )?=.:2 g/s 2.3> s 23.? g/syv it7 7 7

5. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty vnctar0 2 23.? g/stbh 95 ar 95 onkaw jarmzahtbk3.3 g/s

7 7

9. Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty vnctar0 ( ) ( )? ?

3.3 g/s 23.? g/s 24 g/sv 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Yjnh wn study nhnriy mh Cjbptnr : wnkk knbrh b smgpkn wby ta emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty bs b

euhctmah ae bktmtudn. Emhdmhi tjn dmrnctmah, jawnvnr, rnqumrns bh bpprabcj smgmkbr ta tjn ahn autkmhnd boavn.

?2. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn stueend bhmgbks trb`nctary ms dnpmctnd mh tjn emiurn bt

rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Dntnrgmhn tjn bvnrbin spnnd ae tjn rmdnrs ah tjn Enrrms wjnnk oy dmvmdmhi

tjn cmrcugenrnhcn ae tjn wjnnk oy tjn tmgn ta cagpkntn b rnvakutmah. Tjms oncagnstjn mhmtmbk spnnd ae tjn stueend bhmgbk tjbt ms kbuhcjnd jarmzahtbkky. ^sn nqubtmah

4-: taintjnr wmtj tjn mhmtmbk spnnd bhd jnmijt ae tjn stueend bhmgbk ta dntnrgmhn tjn

kacbtmah mt kbhds.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn

cmrcugenrnhcn ae tjn Enrrms wjnnk0( )? ? >.66 g 32.4 gC r 7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn bvnrbin spnnd ae b rmdnr0 32.425 g 6.=:? g/s3?.6 s

Cvt

7 7 7

3. (o) Sakvn nqubtmah 4-: earx imvnh tjbt

( )? >.66 g 2.9> g 22.9> gj 7 + 7 0( ) ( ) ( )

??

6

?

? ? 6.=:? g/s 22.9> 6 g2.>? g

=.:2 g/s

v j yx

i

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta emrst emhd tjn tmgn ae ebkk (2.>> s) usmhi tjn j 7 22.9> g. Tjnh cbkcukbtntjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd imvnh b jarmzahtbk vnkacmty ae 6.=:? g/s.


9/44



4 =

??. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn swmggnrs trb`nctary ms dnpmctnd mh tjn emiurn bt

rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn swmggnrs mhmtmbk vnkacmty wbs jarmzahtbk wn cbh usn

nqubtmah 4-: ta emhd tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt j.

Sakutmah02. (b) Sakvn nq. 4-: ear

j0

( )( )( )

???

? ?

6

=.:2 g/s 2.9: g6

? ? 3.3? g/s

2.42 g

i xj y

v7 + 7 +

7

?.(o) Mt tblns tjn sbgn tmgn ta rnbcj tjn wbtnr. Irbvmty bhd tjn vnrtmcbk

dmstbhcn, hat tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd, dntnrgmhn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

Mhsmijt0 Mh ardnr ta mhcrnbsn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt tjn swmggnr sjaukd kbuhcjjnrsnke bt knbst pbrtky mh tjn upwbrd dmrnctmah.

?3. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi vnrtmcbk

spnnd bs mt ebkks.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-9 ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt ae tjn obkk. Tjnh tjn sbgn snt ae nqubtmahs cbh on usnd ta emhd tjn

kacbtmah tjn obkk kbhds bs wnkk bs tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae mts vnkacmty.

Sakutmah02. (b) ^sn tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt ae

tjn obkk ta dntnrgmhn mts tmgn ae ekmijt.

( )?

? >>> et 6.36> g/et 6 g?( )

>.:9 s=.:2 g/s

j y

t i

7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd0 ( ) ( )>.66 g/s >.:9 s ?=.4 gxx v t7 7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty0 ( )?=.:2 g/s (>.:9 s) >9.5 g/syv it7 7 7

4. Emhd tjn obkks spnnd wjnh cbuijt0 ( ) ( )? ?

>9.5 g/s >.66 g/s >9.: g/sv 7 + 7

>. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah wjnh cbuijt0 2 >9.5 g/stbh :>.6 ar :>.6 onkaw jarmzahtbk>.66 g/s

7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta emhd tjn kbhdmhi spat ms ta usn nqubtmah 4-:. Jawnvnr, tjbt bpprabcj ms hat jnkpeuk ear emhdmhi

tjn dmrnctmah bhd gbihmtudn ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty, sa wn emrst eauhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

?4. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obslntobkks trb`nctary ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-9 ta emhd tjnx bhdy pasmtmahs ae tjnobslntobkk bs b euhctmah ae tmgn. ^sn tjn rmijt trmbhikn eargnd oy tjn

ekaar bhd tjn obslntobkks rnknbsn bhd kbhdmhi pamhts ta wrmtn b rbtma tjbt

bkkaws us ta cbkcukbtn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt bhd tjnrnearn tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjny pasmtmah

bs b euhctmah ae tmgn0

?2?

?2?

6y j it

j it

7 7

7

?. Emhd tjnx pasmtmah bs b euhctmah ae tmgn06x v t7

3. ^sn tjn tbhinht euhctmah ear tjn rmijt trmbhikn0?2

?

6 6

tbh

?

itj it

x v t v

7 7 7

4. Haw sakvn ear tjn ekmijt tmgn t0( )6

?

? 4.?6 g/s tbh36.6? tbh6.4=> s

=.:2 g/s

vt

i

7 7 7

>. Emhd tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt0 ( )( )?? ?2 2? ? =.:2 g/s 6.4=> s 2.?6 gj it7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Me tjn obslntobkk pkbynr tjraws tjn obkk erag tjn sbgn jnmijt out wmtj b jmijnr mhmtmbk spnnd, tjn 36.6 bhikn wmkk

dncrnbsn. Ear mhstbhcn,6

:.46 g/sv 7 praducns bh bhikn ae 25.2. Drappmhi tjn obkk erag rnst gblns tjn bhikn =6.6.


10/44



4 26

?>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk ebkks dawh bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out ibmhmhi vnrtmcbk

spnnd bs mt ebkks.

Strbtniy0 Tjn obkk ms bccnknrbtnd ahky oy irbvmty. Tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt ae tjn obkk dntnrgmhns tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae mtsemhbk vnkacmty, wjmcj taintjnr wmtj tjn emhbk spnnd cbh on usnd ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty. Tjn

mhmtmbk spnnd nqubks tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht oncbusn mt rngbmhs tjn sbgn tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt. Nqubtmah 4-9 cbh on

usnd mh nbcj cbsn.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn bccnknrbtmah ms dun ahky ta irbvmty0?

=.:2 g/s dawhwbrd7b

?.(o) Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty0

( )( )

?

?

?

? =.:2 g/s 6.9> g 3.:4 g/s

y

y

v i y

v

7

7 7

3. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn obkks vnkacmty,

wjmcj ms bksa mts mhmtmbk spnnd0( ) ( )

? ?? ? 4.6 g/s 3.:4 g/s 2.2 g/sx yv v v7 7 7

4.(c) _npnbt ear b emhbk spnnd ae >.6 g/s0 ( ) ( )? ?? ? >.6 g/s 3.:4 g/s 3.? g/sx yv v v7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn vnrtmcbk gatmah ae bh ao`nct drappnd erag rnst ar kbuhcjnd jarmzahtbkky ms dntnrgmhnd saknky oy tjn mhmtmbk

jnmijt bhd tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty. Tjbt ms wjy tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty ms tjn sbgn mh pbrt (c) bs

mt ms mh pbrt (o).

?5. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 B pra`nctmkn tjbt ms kbuhcjnd bt bh bhikn boavn jarmzahtbk eakkaws b pbrboakmc pbtj.

Strbtniy0 Tjn pra`nctmkn ms bccnknrbtnd ahky oy irbvmty, sa mt gbmhtbmhs mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty wjmkn mts vnrtmcbk vnkacmty

ms rnducnd erag b kbrin pasmtmvn vbkun bt kbuhcj ta znra bt tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt. Tjnrnearn tjn spnnd ae tjn pra`nctmkn bttjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt ms nqubk ta mts jarmzahtbk spnnd bt kbuhcj. ^sn tjms ebct ta dntnrgmhn tjn kbuhcj bhikn.

Sakutmah0 Snt pnbl xv v7 bhd sakvn ear02

2 6?2pnbl 6 6?

6

cas cas 56xv

v v v vv

7 7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Me tjn kbuhcj bhikn wnrn 4> tjn spnnd bt tjn pnbl waukd on 6 ?v .

?9. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjrnn pra`nctmkns B, O, bhd C brn kbuhcjnd wmtj tjnsbgn mhmtmbk spnnd bhd eakkaw tjn mhdmcbtnd pbtjs.

Strbtniy0 Snpbrbtnky cahsmdnr tjnx bhdy gatmahs ae nbcj pra`nctmkn mh ardnr

ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Smhcn6 casxv v 7 bhd cas dncrnbsns ta znra bs

bpprabcjns =6, tjn pra`nctmkn wmtj tjn kbrinst kbuhcj bhikn jbs tjn sgbkknstjarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae mts mhmtmbk vnkacmty. Tjn rbhlmhi ms tjus

B ; O ; C

?. (o) Tjn ekmijt tmgn ms kahinst ear pra`nctmkns tjbt jbvn tjn jmijnst vnrtmcbkcagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty. Tjn rbhlmhi ms tjus C ; O ; B.

Mhsmijt0 Vra`nctmkn O cagomhns b gndmug jarmzahtbk spnnd wmtj b gndmug tmgn ae ekmijt ta bcjmnvn tjn kahinst rbhin.


11/44



4 22

?:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjrnn pra`nctmkns B, O, bhd C brn kbuhcjnd wmtj

dmeenrnht mhmtmbk spnnds bhd bhikns bhd eakkaw tjn mhdmcbtnd pbtjs.

Strbtniy0 Snpbrbtnky cahsmdnr tjnx bhdy gatmahs ae nbcj pra`nctmkn mhardnr ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Smhcn nbcj pra`nctmkn bcjmnvns tjn sbgn gbxmgug

jnmijt, wjmcj ms dntnrgmhnd oy tjn mhmtmbk vnrtmcbk vnkacmty, wn

cahckudn tjbt bkk tjrnn pra`nctmkns jbvn tjn sbgn mhmtmbk vnrtmcbk

vnkacmty. Tjbt gnbhs tjn kbrinr tjn jarmzahtbk vnkacmty, tjn kbrinr tjntatbk mhmtmbk vnkacmty. Tjn kbrinst mhmtmbk spnnd wmkk tjnrnearn

carrnspahd wmtj tjn kahinst rbhin. Tjn rbhlmhi ms tjus B ; O ; C.

?. (o) Tjn ekmijt tmgn ms kahinst ear pra`nctmkns tjbt jbvn tjn jmijnst

vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty. Mh tjms cbsn nbcj pra`nctmkn

jbs tjn sbgn gbxmgug bktmtudn bhd tjnrnearn tjn sbgn mhmtmbk vnrtmcbkspnnd. Tjbt gnbhs tjny bkk jbvn tjn sbgn tmgn ae ekmijt bhd tjn

rbhlmhi ms tjus B 7 O 7 C.

Mhsmijt0 Vra`nctmkn C trbvnks tjn ebrtjnst dmstbhcn mh tjn sbgn bgauht ae tmgn oncbusn mt jbs tjn jmijnst spnnd.

?=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts vnrtmcbkspnnd dun ta tjn cahstbht dawhwbrds bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty.

Strbtniy0 Tjn imvnh bhikn ae tjn tjraw bkkaws us ta cbkcukbtn tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty oy usmhi

tjn casmhn euhctmah. Tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty cbh on eauhd oy usmhi tjn smhn euhctmah. Tjn tmgn mt tblns

tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ta skaw dawh tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd, ormhi mt ta znra, bhd spnnd mt up bibmh ta mts mhmtmbk vbkun mstjn sbgn bs tjn tmgn tjn obkk ms mh tjn bmr.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjnx cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty0 ( )6 6 cas 2:.6 g/s cas39.> 24.3 g/sxv v 7 7 7

?.(o) Emhd tjny cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty0 ( )6 6 smh 2:.6 g/s smh 39.> 22.6 g/syv v 7 7 7

3. Knt6y y

v v7 bhd usn nqubtmah 4-5

ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0

( )6?

22.6 22.6 g/s?.?4 s

=.:2 g/s

y yv v

ti

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn ekmijt ae tjn obkk ms pnrenctky syggntrmctjn bhikn ae tjn gatmah ms 39.> onkaw jarmzahtbk bt tjn mhstbht mt

ms cbuijt, bhd tjn obkk spnhds tjn sbgn bgauht ae tmgn iamhi upwbrd ta tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt bs mt dans cagmhi

dawhwbrd erag tjn pnbl. Tjms ms ahky trun me tjn obkk ms cbuijt bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs tjrawh.

36. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts vnrtmcbk

spnnd dun ta tjn cahstbht dawhwbrd bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty, tjnh nxpkamt tjn syggntry ae tjn ekmijt ta dntnrgmhn tjn

emhbk vnkacmty bhd mts dmrnctmah ae gatmah.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjny cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty0 ( )6 6 smh 2:.6 g/s smh 39.> 22.6 g/syv v 7 7 7

?. Tjn trb`nctary ms pnrenctky syggntrmc oncbusn mt ms

cbuijt bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt ms tjrawh06

e 6

22.6 g/s

39.>

y yv v

7 7

7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn ekmijt ae tjn obkk ms pnrenctky syggntrmcmt kbhds wmtj tjn sbgn bhikn ae gatmah wmtj wjmcj mt wbs

kbuhcjnd, bhd tjn obkk spnhds tjn sbgn bgauht ae tmgn iamhi upwbrd ta tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt bs mt dans cagmhi

dawhwbrd erag tjn pnbl. Tjms ms ahky trun me tjn obkk ms cbuijt bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs tjrawh.


12/44



4 2?

32. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn carl trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts

vnrtmcbk spnnd dun ta tjn cahstbht dawhwbrd bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty oy dmvmdmhi tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd oy tjn tmgnae ekmijt. Tjnh usn tjn casmhn euhctmah ta emhd tjn mhmtmbk spnnd ae tjn carl.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ae tjn carl0 62.36 g

2.64 g/s2.?> s

x x

xv v

t7 7 7 7

?. ^sn tjn casmhn euhctmah ta emhd tjn mhmtmbk spnnd0 662.64 g/s

2.?9 g/scas cas 3>.6

xv

v

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Oncbusn irbvmty bcts ahky mh tjn vnrtmcbk dmrnctmah, tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn carls vnkacmty rngbmhsuhcjbhind tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt.

3?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts vnrtmcbk

spnnd dun ta tjn cahstbht dawhwbrd bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty.

Strbtniy0 Tjn imvnh bhikn ae tjn lmcl bkkaws us ta cbkcukbtn tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty oy usmhi tjn

smhn euhctmah. Tjn tmgn mt tblns tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ta skaw dawh tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd, ormhi mt ta znra, bhd spnnd mt

up bibmh ta mts mhmtmbk vbkun ms tjn sbgn bs tjn tmgn tjn obkk ms mh tjn bmr.

Sakutmah0 2. Emhd tjny cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty0 ( )6 6 smh =.:> g/s smh 3>.6 >.5> g/syv v 7 7 7

?. Knt6y y

v v7 bhd usn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0( )6

?

>.5> >.5> g/s2.2> s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta emhd tjn tmgn mt tblns irbvmty ta ormhi6y

v ta znra. Tjbt tmgn carrn-

spahds ta tjn pnbl ae ekmijt, bhd smhcn tjn ekmijt ms syggntrmc wn hnnd ahky dauokn tjbt tmgn ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

33. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn obkk ms sjawh bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn tmgn tjn obkk ms mh tjn bmr. Tjnhusn tjn lhawh mhmtmbk spnnd bhd bhikn ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ae tjn

obkk, wjmcj taintjnr wmtj tjn tmgn ae ekmijt cbh on usnd ta emhd tjn

jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd. Smhcn nqubtmah 4-26 bssugn tjn ao`nctonimhs bt tjn armimh, mh tjms cbsny 7 6 carrnspahds ta tjn pamht wjnrn tjn

obkk knbvns tjn earwbrds jbhds, bhd tjn ekaar carrnspahds ta6.:6 g.y 7

Sakutmah02. ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn tmgn0 ( )

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

?26 ?

? ?2?

? ?

smh

6.:6 g 4.3 g/s smh 2> =.:2 g/s

6 6.:6 g 2.2 g/s 4.=6> g/s

y v t it

t t

t t

7

7

7 + +

?. Bppky tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb0( ) ( ) ( )

( )

?? 2.2 2.2 4 4.=6> 6.:64

? ? 4.=6>

6.>3, 6.32 s

o o bct

b

t

7 7

7

3. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )6 6 cas 4.3 g/s cas 2> 6.32 s 2.3 gxx v t v t7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta usn? ?

6?

y yv v i y7 ta emhd yv , tjnh usn 6, ,y yv v bhd tjn bccnknrbtmah

ae irbvmty ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt bhd jnhcn tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd. Sucj bh bpprabcj rnqumrns bh nxtrb stnpout bvamds tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb.


13/44



4 23

34. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn obkk ms sjawh bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn? ?

6 ?y yv v i y7 ta emhd yv , tjnh usn yv , 6yv bhd tjn

bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt bhd jnhcn tjn jarmzahtbkdmstbhcn trbvnknd.

Sakutmah02. Emhdy

v usmhi nqubtmah 4-260

( ) ( ) ( )( )

( )

? ?

6

? ? ?

smh ?

4.3 g/s smh 2> ? =.:2 g/s 6.:6 g

4.2 g/s Tjn obkk ms trbvnkmhi dawhwbrd

yv v i y7

7

7

?. Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt erag nqubtmah 4-50( )6

?

4.2 4.3smh 2> g/s6.>3 s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

3. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )6 6 cas 4.3 g/s cas 2> 6.>3 s ?.? gxx v t v t7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta usn ( ) ?26 ?smhy v t it7 ta emhd tjn tmgn tjn obkk ms mh tjn bmr. Tjnhusn tjn lhawh mhmtmbk spnnd bhd bhikn ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ae tjn obkk, wjmcj taintjnr wmtj tjn tmgn ae ekmijt cbh

on usnd ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn trbvnknd. Tjms gntjad sbvns b stnp out rnqumrns yau ta usn tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb.3>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctarmns ae tjn shawobkks brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk

vnkacmty ae nbcj shawobkk, bs wnkk bs tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae nbcjvnkacmty. ^sn tjn lhawh cagpahnhts ta dntnrgmhn tjn kbhdmhi spnnd.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn kbhdmhi spnnd ae shawobkk B ms tjn sbgn bs tjbt ae

shawobkk O, oncbusn tjn kbhdmhi spnnd ms mhdnpnhdnht ae kbuhcj bhikn.

?.(o) ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk

cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty ear shawobkk B0( ) ( ) ( )( )

( )

? ?

6

? ? ?

smh ?

23 g/s smh =6 ? =.:2 g/s 9.6 g

2: g/s Tjn shawobkk ms trbvnkmhi dawhwbrd

yv v i y7

7

7

3. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnhtae tjn vnkacmty ear shawobkk B0

( )6 6 cas =6 6 g/sx xv v v7 7 7 .

4. Emhd tjn kbhdmhi spnnd ae shawobkk B0 ( )?? ? ?2: g/s 6 2: g/sy xv v v7 + 7 + 7

>. ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk

cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty ear shawobkk O0( ) ( ) ( )( )

( )

? ?

6

? ? ?

smh ?

23 g/s smh ?> ? =.:2 g/s 9.6 g

23 g/s Tjn shawobkk ms trbvnkmhi dawhwbrd

yv v i y7

7

7

5. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht

ae tjn vnkacmty ear shawobkk O0( ) ( )6 23 g/s cas ?> 2? g/sx xv v7 7 7

9. Emhd tjn kbhdmhi spnnd ae shawobkk O0 ( ) ( )? ?? ? 23 g/s 2? g/s 2: g/sy xv v v7 + 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Cahsnrvbtmah ae gncjbhmcbk nhnriy pravmdns bh nvnh cknbrnr nxpkbhbtmah ae wjy tjn kbhdmhi spnnds ae tjn

shawobkks brn tjn sbgn rnibrdknss ae kbuhcj bhikn. Yn wmkk nxpkarn tjn cahcnpt mh Cjbptnr :.


14/44



4 24

35. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctarmns ae tjn shawobkks brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Shawobkk B ms trbvnkmhi strbmijt dawhwbrd. ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd

tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk cagpahnhts ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty ear shawobkk O, bhdtjnh usn tjn cagpahnhts ta dntnrgmhn tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah.

Sakutmah02. Shawobkk B ms trbvnkmhi strbmijt

dawhwbrd.

=6B 7

?. ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk

cagpahnht ae tjn emhbk vnkacmty ear shawobkkO0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )

? ?

6

? ? ?

smh ?

23 g/s smh ?> ? =.:2 g/s 9.6 g

23 g/s Tjn shawobkk ms trbvnkmhi dawhwbrd

yv v i y7

7

7

3. Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn

vnkacmty ear shawobkk O0( ) ( )6 23 g/s cas ?> 2? g/sx xv v7 7 7

4. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah ear shawobkk

O0

2 2 23 g/stbh tbh 49 ar 49 onkaw jarmzahtbk2? g/s

y

O

x

v

v

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms bhd tjn prnvmaus praokng ms ta usn ( ) ?26 ?smhy v t it7 ta emhd tjn tmgn tjnshawobkk ms mh tjn bmr. ^sn tjbt tmgn bhd tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk kbhdmhi spnnd. Tjnh usn tjn

lhawh mhmtmbk spnnd bhd bhikn ta emhd tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd ae tjn shawobkk. Tjn kbhdmhi spnnd cbh tjnh on eauhd erag

tjn twa cagpahnhts. Tjms gntjad rnqumrns yau ta usn tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

39. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn iake obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd.

Strbtniy0 Tjn gbxmgug rbhin ae b pra`nctmkn kbuhcjnd erag knvnk irauhd accurs wjnh tjn kbuhcj bhikn ms 4>. ^sn

nqubtmah 4-2? ta prndmct tjn rbhin ae tjn iake obkk wjnh kbuhcjnd bt 4>. Tjn gmhmgug spnnd ae tjn obkk wmkk accur

wjnh tjn obkk rnbcjns tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt. Bt tjbt pamht tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty ms znra bhd tjn spnnd

nqubks tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty, wjmcj rngbmhs uhcjbhind tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn rbhin ae tjn obkk wjnh mt mskbuhcjnd bt 4> oy usmhi nqubtmah 4-2?0

( )??6?

34.4 g/ssmh ? smh =6 2?2 g

=.:2 g/s

v_

i

7 7 7

?.(o) Emhd tjnx cagpahnht ae tjn obkks vnkacmty,wjmcj carrnspahds ta tjn gmhmgug spnnd durmhi tjn

ekmijt0

( )6 6 cas 34.4 g/s cas 4> ?4.3 g/sxv v 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn gbxmgug rbhin wmkk accur bt 74> ahky mh tjn bosnhcn ae bmr rnsmstbhcn. Mh tjn prnsnhcn ae tjn

btgaspjnrn yau gust kbuhcj tjn obkk bt b kawnr bhikn tjbh tjbt mh ardnr ta gbxmgmzn tjn rbhin ae tjn obkk.

3:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn iake obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd.

Strbtniy0 Tjn jmijnst trnn tjn obkk mh tjn prnvmaus praokng caukd cknbr waukd on b trnn tjbt ms `ust sjartnr tjbh tjn

gbxmgug bktmtudn bcjmnvnd oy tjn obkk. ^sn tjn gbxmgug jnmijt eargukb dnrmvnd mh Nxbgpkn 4-9 ta emhd tjn gbxmgugjnmijt ae b obkk kbuhcjnd bt 4> boavn tjn jarmzahtbk wmtj b spnnd ae 36.6 g/s.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjn gbxmgug jnmijt ae tjn obkk0( ) ( )

( )

??

6

gbx ?

34.4 g/s smh 4>smh36.? g

? ? =.:2 g/s

vy

i

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 B trnn 36.? g tbkk waukd on boaut 266 et tbkk. Ta jmt b jakn-mh-ahn ms bgbzmhi nhauij, out ta cknbr b 266-et trnn

bkahi tjn wby ms bkgast uhonkmnvbokn!


15/44



4 2>

3=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn eaatobkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd.

Strbtniy0 Tjn tmgn ae ekmijt ae b pra`nctmkn tjbt kbhds bt tjn sbgn knvnk mt ms kbuhcjnd ms dntnrgmhnd oy tjn tmgn mt tblns

tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ta skaw dawh tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty ta znra bhd tjnh spnnd mt up bibmh

obcl ta mts armimhbk vbkun. Tjus upah kbhdmhi tjn spnnd ae tjn obkk ms6 6

smhy y

v v v 7 7 . ^sn tjnsn ebcts ta dntnrgmhn

tjn tmgn ae ekmijt bhd tjnh sakvn ear 6v .

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt0

6 6 6 6smh smh ? smhy yv v v v v

t i i i

7 7 7

?. Sakvn ear 6v 0( )( )?

6

=.:2 g/s 4.>6 s?4.: g/s

?smh ?smh 53.6

itv

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn ekmijt ae tjn eaatobkk waukd hat on pnrenctky syggntrmc me bmr rnsmstbhcn wnrn prnsnht ar me mt wnrn cbuijt bt

b dmeenrnht knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs lmclnd.

46. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pbtj ae tjn obkk ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn obkks vnkacmty taintjnr wmtj tjnjarmzahtbk dmstbhcn dta emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ontwnnh tjn jmt bhd mts cakkmsmah wmtj

tjn wbkk. Tjnh usn tjn tmgn ta dntnrgmhn tjn vnrtmcbk pasmtmah j ae tjn obkk wjnh mt

cakkmdns wmtj tjn wbkk.

Sakutmah02. (b) ^sn nqubtmah 4-26ta emhd tjn tmgn0 ( )6

3.: g

cas 2: g/s cas3?

6.?> s

dt

v 7 7

7

?.(o) ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd j0 ( )

( ) ( ) ( )( )

?26 ?

??2?

smh

2: g/s smh 3? 6.?> s =.:2 g/s 6.?> s ?.2 g

j v t it 7

7 7

Mhsmijt0 Mh gbhy cbsns tjn vnrtmcbk gatmah dntnrgmhns tjn tmgn ae ekmijt, out mh tjms cbsn mt ms tjn jarmzahtbk dmstbhcn

ontwnnh tjn pamht wjnrn tjn obkk ms strucl bhd tjn wbkk tjbt kmgmts tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

42. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pbtj ae tjn obkk ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn obkks vnkacmty taintjnr wmtj tjnjarmzahtbk dmstbhcn dta emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ontwnnh tjn jmt bhd mts cakkmsmah wmtj

tjn wbkk. Tjnh usn tjn tmgn ta dntnrgmhn tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk cagpahnhts ae

tjn obkks vnkacmty wjnh mt cakkmdns wmtj tjn wbkk.

Sakutmah02. (b) ^sn nqubtmah 4-26

ta emhd tjn tmgn0 ( )6

3.: g

cas 2: g/s cas3?

3.: g6.?> s

2>.3 g/s

dt

v 7 7

7 7

?. Emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjn

obkks vnkacmty wjnh mt jmts tjn wbkk0( ) ( ) ( )?6 smh 2: g/s smh 3? =.:2 g/s 6.?> s 9.26 g/syv v it 7 7 7

3. Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty0 ( ) ( )? ?? ? 2>.3 g/s 9.26 g/s 29 g/sx yv v v7 + 7 + 7

4. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty0 29.26 g/s

tbh ?> boavn jarmzahtbk2>.3 g/s

7 7

>. (o) Ha. Oncbusn tjny cagpahnht ae tjn obkks vnkacmty ms pasmtmvn wjnh mt strmlns tjn wbkk, mt ms stmkk rmsmhi bhd jbs hat

ynt rnbcjnd tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn pnbl ae tjn ekmijt accurs bt 6.:6 sncahds, sa tjn obkk ms hat nvnh jbkewby ta tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt (mh tnrgs

ae tmgn). Me tjn wbkk wnrn hat tjnrn mts pnbl jnmijt waukd on 3.2 g, sa mt ms garn tjbh jbkewby ta tjn pnbl mh tnrgs ae

jnmijt.

d

j

y

x

6v

d

j

y

x

6v


16/44



4 25

4?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn lnys msdnpmctnd mh tjn emrst emiurn. Tjn sncahd emiurn sjaws

tjn inagntry ae tjn mhmtmbk pasmtmah bhd vnkacmty ae

tjn lnys.

Strbtniy0 Emhd tjn mhmtmbk spnnd ae tjn lnys erag tjn

gatmah ae tjn Enrrms wjnnk. Tjnh usn inagntry taemhd tjn pasmtmah ae tjn lnys wjnh tjny brn rnknbsnd.

Emhd tjn mhmtmbk jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk cagpahnhtsae tjn lnys vnkacmty upah rnknbsn. Tjnh usnnqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd ae tjn lnys

ust onearn tjny jmt tjn irauhd. ^sn tjn mhmtmbk bhd

emhbk vnrtmcbk spnnds ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt, bhdusn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt taintjnr wmtj tjn jarmzahtbk

vnkacmty ae tjn lnys ta dntnrgmhn tjn mgpbct

kacbtmah.

Sakutmah02. Emhd tjn spnnd ae tjn lnys oy emhdmhi

tjn spnnd ae tjn rmg ae tjn Enrrms wjnnk.? ? (>.66 g)

6.=:? g/s3?.6 s

C rv

t t

7 7 7 7

?. Nbcj jaur ah tjn ckacl ms 356/2?736 bpbrt.

Tjnrnearn tjn mhmtmbk pasmtmah vnctar ae tjn lnys,

rnkbtmvn ta tjn cnhtnr ae tjn wjnnk, ms7 56cauhtnrckaclwmsn erag tjn vnrtmcbk pasmtmah.

Tjnx bhdy mhmtmbk pasmtmahs brn0

( )

( )

6

6

6

smh >.66 g smh 56 4.33 g (knet ae cnhtnr)

cas >.66 g cas 56 >.66 g 2.9> g

=.?> g (boavn tjn irauhd)

x r

y r r o

y

7 7 7

7 + + 7 + +

7

3.Haw emhd tjnx bhdy cagpahnhts ae 6v

oy

rnbkmzmhi erag tjn dmbirbg tjbt 7 7 560

( )

( )

6 6

6 6

cas 6.=:? g/s cas 56 6.4=2 g/s

smh 6.=:? g/s smh 56 6.:>6 g/s

x

y

v v

v v

7 7 7

7 7 7

4. ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd

tjn emhbk vnrtmcbk spnnd0( ) ( )( )

( )

?? ?

6? 6.:>6 g/s ? =.:2 g/s =.?> g

23.> g/s tjn lnys brn trbvnkmhi dawhwbrds

y yv v i y7 7

7

>. Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt erag tjn mhmtmbk

bhd emhbk vnrtmcbk vnkacmtmns06

?

23.> 6.:>6 g/s2.45 s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

5. ^sn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt ta emhd tjn

jarmzahtbk pasmtmah upah kbhdmhi0( )( )6 6 4.33 g 6.4=2 g/s 2.45 s 3.52 gxx x v t7 + 7 + 7 ,

ar tjn lnys kbhd 3.52 g knet ae tjn obsn ae tjn Enrrms wjnnk.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn tmgn ae ekmijt cbh bksa on eauhd erag ( ) ?26 ?smhy v t it7 . Bktjauij sucj bh bpprabcj waukd hat hnndstnp 4 boavn, mt waukd rnqumrn tjn usn ae tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb.

43. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn imrk ms dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 bhd tjn imvnh tmgn ae ekmijt, mhmtmbk spnnd, bhd

kbuhcj bhikn ta dntnrgmhn tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt ae tjn imrk bt tjn rnknbsn pamht.

Sakutmah0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd

tjn mhmtmbk jnmijt ae tjn imrk bt tjn rnknbsnpamht. Me wn knt tjn rnknbsn jnmijt

carrnspahd tay 7 6, tjnh tjn kbhdmhi

jnmijt ms0

( )

( )( )( ) ( )( )

?26 ?

??2?

smh

?.?> g/s smh 3>.6 6.525 s =.:2 g/s 6.525 s

2.69 g

y v t it

y

7

7

7

Mh atjnr wards, sjn wbs 2.69 g boavn tjn wbtnr wjnh sjn knt

ia ae tjn rapn.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn imrks spnnd upah mgpbct wmtj tjn wbtnr ms >.26 g/s (cjncl ear yaursnke) ar 22 gm/j. B euh pkuhin!

v

6v

Emiurn (o)0 Unctar dmbirbg aetjn rnknbsn pamht.

Emiurn (b)0 Trb`nctary ae tjn lnys.


17/44



4 29

44. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pra`nctmkn trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts


Strbtniy0 Bt tjn pra`nctmkns jmijnst pamht, 6.yv 7 Tjnrnearn tjn 6 4v carrnspahds ta tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn

vnkacmty 6xv , wjmcj rngbmhs cahstbht tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt. ^sn tjn casmhn euhctmah taintjnr wmtj 6v bhd 6xv ta

dntnrgmhn tjn kbuhcj bhikn .

Sakutmah0 ^sn tjn lhawh6

v bhd6x

v ta emhd 0 6 6

2 2 26 6

6 6

cas

4 2cas cas cas 9>.>

4

x

x

v v

v v

v v

7

7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Me tjn kbuhcj bhikn wnrn ta mhcrnbsn, tjn gmhmgug spnnd waukd dncrnbsn uhtmk mt oncagns znra wjnh tjn kbuhcj

bhikn ms =6 (strbmijt upwbrd). Yjnh tjn kbuhcj bhikn ms 6 (jarmzahtbk) tjnh tjn gmhmgug spnnd ms 6 6xv v7 .

4>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn pugplmh trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd.

Strbtniy0 Bssugn tjn imvnh rbhin carrnspahds ta b kbuhcj bhikn ae 4> bhd usn nqubtmah 4-2? ta emhd tjn mhmtmbk spnnd

ae tjn pugplmh.

Sakutmah0 Sakvn nqubtmah 4-2? ear

6v 0

( )

?

6

?

6

smh ?

=.:2 g/s (46:5 et 6.36> g/et)222 g/s ?4: gm/j

smh ? smh =6.6

v_

i

i_v

7

7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn gbxmgug rbhin wmkk accur bt 74> ahky mh tjn bosnhcn ae bmr rnsmstbhcn. Mh tjn prnsnhcn ae tjn

btgaspjnrn yau gust kbuhcj tjn pugplmh bt b kawnr bhikn tjbh tjbt mh ardnr ta gbxmgmzn tjn dawhrbhin dmstbhcn.

45. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn dakpjmh trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc bs mt ikmdns tjrauij tjn bmr bhd kbhds mh tjn wbtnr.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn dakpjmh ms trbvnkmhi jarmzahtbkky bs mt pbssns tjrauij tjn jaap, wn cahckudn tjbt 6yv 7 bt tjbt

pamht bhd tjbt tjn dakpjmh gust on bt tjn pnbl ae mts ekmijt. ^sn tjn eargukb dnrmvnd mh Nxbgpkn 4-9 ta emhd jaw jmij tjn

cnhtnr ae tjn jaap ms boavn tjn surebcn ae tjn wbtnr.

Sakutmah0 Emhd tjn gbxmgug jnmijt

ae tjn dakpjmh boavn tjn wbtnr0

( ) ( )

( )

??

6

gbx ?

2?.6 g/s smh 46.6smh3.63 g

? ? =.:2 g/s

vy

i

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Mh ardnr ta pbss tjrauij b jmijnr jaap tjn dakpjmh gust nmtjnr mhcrnbsn tjn kbuhcj bhikn ar `ugp wmtj b jmijnr

mhmtmbk spnnd.

49. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn obkk kbhds bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs kbuhcjnd, wn cbh usn nqubtmah 4-2? ta emhd tjn

kbuhcj bhikn . Tjn tmgn ae ekmijt cbh tjnh on eauhd erag tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty bhd tjn rbhin.

Sakutmah02. (b) Sakvn nqubtmah 4-2? ear0

( )( )( )

?

2 2

? ?

6

=.:2 g/s 4.5 g2 2

smh smh 3?? ? 9.2 g/s

i_

v

7 7 7

?.(o) Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt erag nqubtmah 4-260( )6

4.5 g6.95 s

cas 9.2 g/s cas3?

xt

v 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Unrmey ear yaursnke tjbt tjn gbxmgug jnmijt boavn tjn knvnk ae tjn tjraw bhd cbtcj ms 6.9? g, bhd tjbt ear b

kbuhcj spnnd ae 9.2 g/s tjn gbxmgug rbhin ae tjn obkk waukd on >.2 g.


18/44



4 2:

4:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs strucl.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn obkk kbhds bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs strucl, wn cbh usn tjn eargukbs mh snctmah 4-> ta

sakvn tjms praokng. Yn cbh cagomhn nqubtmahs 4-22 bhd 4-2? ta int b smhikn eargukb ear tjn rbhin bs b euhctmah ae tmgnae ekmijt bhd kbuhcj bhikn, bhd sakvn mt ear kbuhcj bhikn. Ahcn tjn kbuhcj bhikn ms lhawh, tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn mhmtmbk

vnkacmty cbh on eauhd.

Sakutmah02. (b) Cagomhn Nqs. 4-22 bhd 4-2?0? ? ?

?6

6 ?

? ? ?

?

?smh cas Nq. 4-2? bhd Nq. 4-22

4smh

?smh cas

?tbh4smh

v i t_ v

i

i t it_

i

7 7

7 7

?. Sakvn tjn nqubtmah ear0( )( )

( )

???2 2

=.:2 g/s 4.36 stbh tbh 4>.>

? ? =?.? g

i t

_

7 7 7

3. (o) Sakvn nqubtmah 4-22 ear 6v 0( )( )?

6

=.:2 g/s 4.36 s36.2 g/s

?smh ?smh 44.>

i tv

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn tjms praokng ms ta emiurn aut tjnx cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty (?2.4 g/s) erag tjn rbhin

bhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt. Tjny cagpahnht ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty (?2.2 g/s) cbh on dntnrgmhnd erag tjn ebct tjbt irbvmty

rnducns mt ta znra mh jbke tjn tmgn ae ekmijt (?.2> s). Tjn twa cagpahnhts cbh on usnd ta emhd tjn dmrnctmah bhd spnnd.

4=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obsnobkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc bhd ms cbuijt bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs

tjrawh.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn obkk kbhds bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs strucl, wn cbh usn tjn eargukbs mh snctmah 4-> ta

sakvn tjms praokng. Yn cbh usn nqubtmah 4-2? ta emhd tjn obkks mhmtmbk spnnd bhd nqubtmah 4-22 ta emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Sakvn nqubtmah 4-2? ear 6v 0( ) ( )?

6

=.:2 g/s ?=5 et 6.36> g/et?=.: g/s

smh ? smh =6.6

i _v

7 7 7

?.(o) Sakvn nqubtmah 4-22 eart0( )6

?

? ?=.: g/s?smh smh 4>.6 4.?= s

=.:2 g/s

vt

i7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Unrmey ear yaursnke tjbt tjn tjraw spnnd ms 59 gm/j bhd tjn gbxmgug jnmijt ae tjn obkk ms ??.5 g.

>6. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn obkk ms dnpmctnd mh tjn guktmpkn-

nxpasurn pjata bt rmijt. Bssugn tjn cbrt ms gavmhi erag knet ta rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Tjn vnrtmcbk dmstbhcn erag tjn kawnst obkk ta tjn jmijnst ms boaut twacbrt jnmijts ar ?? cg. Erag tjn cbrts erbgn ae rnenrnhcn tjn obkk rmsns strbmijt

up bhd draps strbmijt dawh. Yn cbh tjnrnearn usn nqubtmah 4-5 ta dntnrgmhn tjn

kbuhcj spnnd bhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt. Dmvmdn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt oy 5 (tjnrn brn smxtmgn mhtnrvbks dnpmctnd betnr tjn emrst mgbin) ta emhd tjn tmgn mhtnrvbk ontwnnh

succnssmvn nxpasurns.

Sakutmah02. (b) Cjaasn tjnbppraprmbtn nqubtmah0

? ?

6? 6

y yv v i y7 7

?. Sakvn tjn nqubtmah ear 6 0yv ( ) ( )?6 ? ? =.:2 g/s 6.?? g ?.2 g/syv i y7 7 7

3.(o) Emhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt erag

nqubtmah 4-5 bhd tjn syggntry ae tjn ekmijt06

?

?.2 ?.2 g/s6.4?: s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

4. Dmvmdn tjn tmgn ae ekmijt oy smx0 ( )2 2? ? 6.4?: s 6.692 st t 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn aosnrvnr mh tjn cbrt waukd snn tjn obkk rmsn strbmijt upwbrd bhd ebkk strbmijt dawhwbrd, out bh aosnrvnr mh

tjn kbo snns tjn obkks trb`nctary eakkaw b pbrboakmc sjbpn. Oatj aosnrvnrs birnn ah tjn bccnknrbtmah bhd tjn tmgn ae

ekmijt. Ynkk dmscuss erbgns ae rnenrnhcn mh garn dntbmk mh Cjbptnr ?=.

22 cg

?? cg


19/44



4 2=

>2. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 ]au tjraw b obkk mhta tjn bmr wmtj bh mhmtmbk

spnnd ae 26 g/s bt bh bhikn ae 56 boavn tjn jarmzahtbk. Tjn obkk

rnturhs ta tjn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs tjrawh mh tjn tmgn T.

Strbtniy0 Cahsmdnr tjn jarmzahtbk bhd vnrtmcbk spnnds ae tjn obkk

durmhi tjn ekmijt mh ardnr ta bhswnr tjn cahcnptubk qunstmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Durmhi tjn ekmijt tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd ae tjn obkk wmkk

dncrnbsn ta znra bhd tjnh mhcrnbsn ta tjn gbihmtudn mt jbd btkbuhcj. Tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd wmkk rngbmh cahstbht tjrauijaut tjn

ekmijt. Yn tjnrnearn nxpnct tjn spnnd ta dncrnbsn ta tjn gbihmtudnae tjn jarmzahtbk spnnd (wjmcj ms hat znra mh tjms cbsn) bhd tjnh

mhcrnbsn ta mts armimhbk vbkun. Tjn curvn tjbt rnprnsnhts tjms tjn

onst ms pkat O.

?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn boavn) ms MMM. Tjn obkks spnnd dncrnbsns durmhi mts ekmijt, out mt dansht ia ta znra.

Stbtngnht M ms ebksn oncbusn tjn obkk ms hat kbuhcjnd dawhwbrd bhd stbtngnht MM ms ebksn oncbusn tjn obkk ms hat kbuhcjnd

strbmijt upwbrd.

Mhsmijt0 Bt b =6 kbuhcj bhikn tjn obkks spnnd waukd mhdnnd on znra bt tjn tap ae mts ekmijt bhd pkat C waukd on

bppraprmbtn.

>?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn kbvb tjbt rnbcjns gbxmgug bktmtudn ms jurknd strbmijt upwbrd, cagns ta rnst gagnhtbrmky,

bhd ebkks strbmijt dawhwbrd bibmh.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta dntnrgmhn tjn kbuhcj spnnd rnqumrnd ta bcjmnvn tjn gbxmgug bktmtudn.

Sakutmah02. (b) ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd 6v 0

( )( )

? ?

6

? >

6

? 6 bt tjn pnbl ae ekmijt

? ? 2.:6 g/s ?.66 26 g :4= g/s

y y

y

v v i y

v i y

7 7

7 7 7

?.(o) Me tjn kbuhcj spnnd rngbmhs tjn sbgn, tjn gbxmgug jnmijt ae tjn n`nctnd kbvb ah Nbrtj waukd on knss tjbh mt ms ah

Ma oncbusn tjn bccnknrbtmah ae irbvmty ah Nbrtj ms gucj irnbtnr tjbh 2.:6 g/s?.

Mhsmijt0 Ah Nbrtj b kbuhcj spnnd ae :4= g/s waukd on ?.> tmgns tjn spnnd ae sauhdrauijky nqubk ta tjn guzzkn

vnkacmty ae b rmekn oukknt! Tmdbk earcns erag @upmtnr praducn tjnsn vmaknht vakcbhmc nruptmahs ah Ma.


20/44



4 ?6

>3. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn saccnr obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts


Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn cagpahnhts ae tjn saccnr obkks vnkacmty bs b euhctmah ae tmgn. Tjn cagpahnhtscbh tjnh on usnd ta emhd tjn gbihmtudn bhd dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty bt nbcj mhstbht. Tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnht ae tjn

vnkacmty rngbmhs tjn sbgn tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn jarmzahtbk

cagpahnht ae tjn vnkacmty0( )6 6 cas 26.? g/s cas ?>.6 =.?4 g/sx xv v v 7 7 7 7

?. Emhdy

v bt 6.?>6 s0 ( ) ( )( )?6 smh 26.? g/s smh ?>.6 =.:2 g/s 6.?>6 s 2.:5 g/syv v it 7 7 7

3. Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty0 ( ) ( )? ?? ? =.?4 g/s 2.:5 g/s =.43 g/sx yv v v7 + 7 + 7

4. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty02 2.:5 g/stbh 22.4

=.?4 g/s

7 7

ar 22.4 boavn jarmzahtbk

>. (o) Emhd yv bt 6.>66 s0 ( ) ( )( )?

6 smh 26.? g/s smh ?>.6 =.:2 g/s 6.>66 s 6.>:= g/syv v it 7 7 7

5. Emhd tjn gbihmtudn ae tjn vnkacmty0 ( ) ( )

? ?? ? =.?4 g/s 6.>:= g/s =.?5 g/sx yv v v7 + 7 + 7

9. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn vnkacmty0

2 6.>:= g/s

tbh 3.5:=.?4 g/s

7 7 ar 3.5: onkaw jarmzahtbk

:. (c) Tjn obkk ms bt mts irnbtnst jnmijt onearn 6.>66 s oncbusn bt 6.>66 s tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae mts vnkacmty ms bkrnbdy

hnibtmvn, ar dawhwbrd.

Mhsmijt0 ]au cbh vnrmey ear yaursnke tjbt tjn obkk rnbcjns mts gbxmgug bktmtudn ae 6.=49 g bt 6.446 s betnr tjn lmcl.

>4. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn saccnr obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts


Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah 4-26 ta emhd tjn mhmtmbk vnrtmcbk vnkacmty ae tjn obkk erag tjn tmgn mhtnrvbk ontwnnh tjn lmcl bhd

tjn pnbl ae tjn ekmijt. Tjnh usn tjn lhawh gbihmtudn ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty taintjnr wmtj mts vnrtmcbk cagpahnht mh

ardnr ta emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae tjn lmcl.

Sakutmah02. Yjnh tjn obkk ms bt tjn pnbl

ae ekmijt mts vnrtmcbk spnnd ms znra0 66 smhyv v it 7 7

?. Sakvn tjn nqubtmah ear0( )( )?

2 2

6

=.:2 g/s 6.9>6 ssmh smh 45.?

26.? g/s

it

v

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 ]au cbh vnrmey ear yaursnke tjbt wmtj tjn hnw bhikn ae tjn lmcl tjn gbxmgug jnmijt ms ?.95 g bhd tjndawhemnkd rbhin ms 26.5 g.

>>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn iake obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, kbhdmhi bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs strucl.

Strbtniy0 Oncbusn tjn obkk kbhds bt tjn sbgn knvnk erag wjmcj mt wbs strucl, wn cbh usn tjn eargukbs mh snctmah 4-> tasakvn tjms praokng. Yn cbh usn nqubtmah 4-2? ta emhd tjn obkks dawhemnkd rbhin, bhd utmkmzn tjn ebct tjbt tjn rbhin ms

prapartmahbk ta ( )smh ? mh ardnr ta dntnrgmhn tjn sncahd bhikn tjbt wmkk praducn tjn sbgn rbhin.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn rbhin erag nqubtmah 4-2?0( )

( )

??

6

?

45.> g/ssmh ? smh 9>.6 ?23 g

=.:2 g/s

v_

i7 7 7

?.(o) Oncbusn tjn rbhin dnpnhds upah ( )smh ? , tjnrn brn twa

kbuhcj bhikns tjbt wmkk praducn tjn sbgn rbhin0 bhd =6.? 2

=6 =6 39.> >?.> 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 ]au cbh vnrmey ear yaursnke tjbt ( ) ( )smh 9> smh 26> 7 bhd tjbt ms wjy tjn twa rbhins brn tjn sbgn ear739.>bhd 7>?.>.


21/44



4 ?2

>5. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn jby obkn trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts


Strbtniy0 Tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty ae tjn obkn ms imvnh bs ( ) ( )6 2.2? g/s :.:> g/s7 +v x y

. ^sn tjn ebct tjbt tjn jarmzahtbk

cagpahnht ae tjn obkns vnkacmty hnvnr cjbhins tjrauijaut tjn ekmijt mh ardnr ta emhd tjn vnrtmcbk cagpahnht ae tjnvnkacmty wjnh tjn tatbk spnnd ms >.66 g/s. Tjnh emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ontwnnh tjn mhmtmbk tjraw bhd tjn mhstbht tjn obkn

jbs tjbt vnrtmcbk spnnd. Ear pbrt (o) snt tjn vnrtmcbk spnnd nqubk ta tjn (cahstbht) jarmzahtbk spnnd mh gbihmtudn out

hnibtmvn mh dmrnctmah (pamhtmhi dawhwbrd). Emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ontwnnh mhmtmbk tjraw bhd tjn mhstbht tjn obkn jbs tjbt

hnw vnrtmcbk spnnd.

Sakutmah02. (b) Dntnrgmhn tjny cagpahnht

ae tjn vnkacmty wjnh tjn tatbk spnnd ms >.66 g/s0( ) ( )

? ? ?

6

? ?? ?

6>.66 g/s 2.2? g/s 4.:93 g/s

x y

y x

v v v

v v v

7 +

7 7 7

?. ^sn tjn pasmtmvn vbkun aey

v oncbusn tjn obkn

ms rmsmhi wjnh tjn spnnd emrst nqubks >.66 g/s. Emhd

tjn tmgn nkbpsnd ta tjms pamht erag nqubtmah 4-50

6

?

4.:9 g/s :.:> g/s6.46> s

=.:2 g/s

y yv v

ti

7 7 7

3. (o) Me tjn obkns vnkacmty pamhts 4>.6 onkaw tjn

jarmzahtbk tjnh wn lhaw tjn vnrtmcbk vnkacmty06 2.2? g/sy xv v7 7

4. Emhd tjn tmgn nkbpsnd erag nqubtmah 4-506

?

2.2? g/s :.:> g/s2.6? s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

>. (c) Me 6v

ms pamhtnd strbmijt upwbrd tjnh tjn mhmtmbk vnrtmcbk vnkacmty cagpahnht wmkk on kbrinr, sa mt wmkk rmsn jmijnr

bhd mts tmgn mh tjn bmr wmkk mhcrnbsn.

Mhsmijt0 Tjn obkn wmkk jbvn b spnnd ae >.66 g/s bibmh betnr 2.46 s jbs nkbpsnd. Me mt wnrn tjrawh strbmijt upwbrd wmtj

tjn sbgn mhmtmbk spnnd (:.=? g/s) mt waukd rmsn ta b jnmijt ae 4.65 g, bs appasnd ta 3.== g bs mh tjn armimhbk cbsn.

>9. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Twa shawobkks brn tjrawh smguktbhnausky erag tjn tap ae b raae. Ahn shawobkk ms tjrawhjarmzahtbkky bhd ahn ms tjrawh strbmijt dawh.

Strbtniy0 Ahcn nbcj shawobkk ms rnknbsnd erag tjn cjmkds jbhd tjn ahky earcn (hniknctmhi bmr ermctmah) ms tjn earcn ae

irbvmty. Nbcj shawobkk ms tjnrnearn cahsmdnrnd b pra`nctmkn.

Sakutmah0 Bkk pra`nctmkns brn suo`nct ahky ta tjn earcn ae irbvmty bhd bccnknrbtn bt =.:2 g/s? dawhwbrd. Tjnrnearn, tjn

bccnknrbtmah ae shawobkk ? ms nqubk ta tjn bccnknrbtmah ae shawobkk 2.

Mhsmijt0 Me bmr ermctmah wnrn hat hniknctnd, tjn shawobkk wmtj tjn jmijnr spnnd waukd on suo`nct ta tjn kbrinr earcn ae bmr

ermctmah. Yn waukd cahckudn tjbt shawobkk ? jbs tjn jmijnr spnnd bhd tjnrnearn tjn sgbkknr bccnknrbtmah.

>:. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 B pnhiumh kbuhcjns mtsnke up boavn tjn wbtnrs surebcn bhd kbhds ah bh mcn ekan.

Strbtniy0 Tjn pnhiumh cbh on cahsmdnrnd b pra`nctmkn oncbusn tjn ahky earcn bctmhi ah mt (hniknctmhi bmr ermctmah) ms tjn

earcn ae irbvmty.

Sakutmah0 Tjn spnnd ae b pra`nctmkn ms knss tjbh mts kbuhcj spnnd wjnhnvnr mt ms bt b jmijnr bktmtudn tjbh tjn kbuhcj. Smhcntjn tap ae tjn mcn ekan ms boavn tjn tap ae tjn wbtnrs surebcn, wn cahckudn tjbt tjn spnnd ae tjn pnhiumh `ust onearn mt

kbhds ms knss tjbh mts spnnd wjnh mt ngnrind erag tjn wbtnr.

Mhsmijt0 Me tjn tap ae tjn mcn ekan wnrn bt tjn sbgn knvnk bs tjn wbtnrs surebcn, tjn spnnd ae tjn pnhiumh `ust onearn

kbhdmhi waukd on nqubk ta mts kbuhcj spnnd, uhknss bmr ermctmah wnrn tblnh mhta bccauht.


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4 ??

>=. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 B pnrsah ekmps b camh mh bh nknvbtar tjbt ms gavmhi upwbrd bt cahstbht spnnd.

Strbtniy0 Bppky aur uhdnrstbhdmhi ae rnkbtmvn gatmah ta tjn camh bhd tjn nknvbtar. Oatj tjn camh bhd tjn nknvbtar brn

gavmhi wmtj tjn sbgn vnkacmty rnkbtmvn ta tjn Nbrtj. Tjn camhs vnkacmty rnkbtmvn ta tjn nknvbtar, tjnrnearn, ms znra bhd

tjn autcagn ae tjn nxpnrmgnht ms nxbctky tjn sbgn bs wjnh oatj tjn camh bhd tjn nknvbtar brn mhmtmbkky bt rnst rnkbtmvn tatjn Nbrtj.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn camhs tmgn ae ekmijt ear b pnrsah ah bh nknvbtar rmsmhi bt cahstbht spnnd wmkk on nqubk ta mts tmgn ae

ekmijt wjnh tjn pnrsah wbs bt rnst rnkbtmvn ta Nbrtj.

?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn tjn boavn dmscussmah) ms MM. Tjn camh jbs tjn sbgn upwbrd spnnd bs tjn nknvbtar wjnh mt

ms tassnd, bhd tjn nknvbtars spnnd dansht cjbhin durmhi tjn camhs ekmijt. Stbtngnht M ms ahky pbrtky trun< mt miharns tjn

upwbrd spnnd ae tjn camh. Stbtngnht MMM ms bksa pbrtky trun, out mt miharns tjn upwbrd spnnd ae tjn nknvbtar.

Mhsmijt0 Me tjn nknvbtar wnrn bccnknrbtmhiupwbrd mt waukd mhdnnd sjartnh tjn tmgn ae ekmijt ae tjn camh.

56. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 B pnrsah ekmps b camh mh bh nknvbtar tjbt ms bccnknrbtmhi upwbrd.

Strbtniy0 Cahsmdnr tjn rnkbtmvn gatmah ae tjn camh bhd tjn nknvbtar. Yjmkn tjn camh ms mh tjn bmr tjn nknvbtar ms

bccnknrbtmhi upwbrd (dun ta tjn nxtnrhbk earcn ah mt oy tjn kmet cbokn) out tjnrn ms ha upwbrd earcn ah tjn camh ta

bccnknrbtn mt, ahky tjn dawhwbrd earcn ae irbvmty. Tjn camh wmkk tjnrnearn jbvn b irnbtnr dawhwbrd bccnknrbtmah rnkbtmvnta tjn ekaar ae tjn nknvbtar.

Sakutmah02. (b) Tjn camhs tmgn ae ekmijt ear b pnrsah ah bh nknvbtar tjbt ms bccnknrbtmhi upwbrd wmkk on knss tjbh mts

tmgn ae ekmijt wjnh tjn pnrsah wbs bt rnst rnkbtmvn ta Nbrtj.

?.(o) Tjn onst nxpkbhbtmah (snn tjn boavn dmscussmah) ms MM. Tjn nknvbtars upwbrd spnnd mhcrnbsns durmhi tjn camhs

ekmijt, bhd jnhcn mt cbtcjns up wmtj tjn camh bt b irnbtnr jnmijt tjbh onearn. Stbtngnht M ms trun out hat rnknvbht wjnh tjn

camhs bccnknrbtmah ms gnbsurnd rnkbtmvn ta Nbrtj, out ms ebksn me tjn camhs bccnknrbtmah ms gnbsurnd rnkbtmvn ta tjn ekaar ae

tjn nknvbtar. Stbtngnht MMM ms ebksn. Tjn bccnknrbtmah ae tjn camh rnkbtmvn ta tjn ekaar ae tjn nknvbtarmhcrnbsns dun ta tjn

upwbrd bccnknrbtmah ae tjn nknvbtar.

Mhsmijt0 Tjms ms bh nxbgpkn ae gatmah mh bh bccnknrbtmhi erbgn ae rnenrnhcn, b tapmc tjbt wmkk on nxbgmhnd mh garn dntbmk

mh Cjbptnr >.

52. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn vnctar dmbirbg ae tjn trbmhs vnkacmty ms sjawh bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn imvnh mheargbtmah boaut tjn hartjwbrd vnkacmty ta dntnrgmhn

yv , bhd usn mt taintjnr wmtj tjn lhawh gbihmtudn aev ta emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae

gatmah . Tjnh usn taintjnr wmtj tjn hartjwbrd dmspkbcngnht ta emhd tjnwnstwbrd dmspkbcngnht.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd tjn hartjwbrd vnkacmtyy

v 0 296 g 24 g/s2? s

y

yv

t7 7 7

?. Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah 0 224 g/s

cas cas 54 wnst ae hartj3? g/s

yv

v

7 7 7

3. (o) Emhd tjn wnstwbrd dmspkbcngnht0 ( )tbh tbh 296 g tbh 54 3>6 gx

x yy

7 7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Oatj tjn trbmhs dmspkbcngnht vnctar bhd mts vnkacmty vnctar cbh on dmvmdnd mhtax bhdy cagpahnhts.

Y

H

54

3? g/s


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4 ?3

5?. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty bhd bccnknrbtmah vnctars ae tjn

juggmhiomrd brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn tjn jarmzahtbk bccnknrbtmah ta dntnrgmhn tjn jarmzahtbk cagpahnhtae tjn vnkacmty bt tmgn t7 6.9? s. Smhcn tjnrn ms ha bccnknrbtmah mh tjny dmrnctmah

tjn omrds vnrtmcbk spnnd rngbmhs bt 4.5 g/s tjrauijaut mts gatmah. ^sn tjn lhawh

cagpahnhts ae tjn vnkacmty ta dntnrgmhn tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah.

Sakutmah02. (b) Emhd xv bt t7 6.9? s0 ( )( )?

6 6 22 g/s 6.9? s9.= g/s

x x xv v b t 7 + 7 +

7

?.(o) yv rngbmhs cahstbht0 4.5 g/syv 7

3. (c) Emhd tjn dmrnctmah ae gatmah0 2 24.5 g/s

tbh tbh 36 boavn tjn pasmtmvn bxms9.= g/s

y

x

vx

v

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn omrds gatmah ms smgmkbr ta pra`nctmkn gatmah nxcnpt tjbt tjn uhmearg bccnknrbtmah ms mh tjn jarmzahtbkdmrnctmah bhd tjn cahstbht vnkacmty gatmah ms bkahi tjn vnrtmcbk dmrnctmah.

53. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn obkk gavns bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, trbvnkmhi jarmzahtbkky bt emrst bhd tjnh mh b garn dawhwbrd

dmrnctmah onearn kbhdmhi 2.=> g erag tjn pamht bt wjmcj mt knet tjn rbclnt.

Strbtniy0 Sakvn nqubtmah 4-: ear tjn jnmijt ae tjn obkk wjnh mt ms strucl oy tjn rbclnt. Bssugny 7 6 wjnh tjn obkk jmts

tjn irauhd.

Sakutmah0 Sakvn nqubtmah 4-: earj0( ) ( )

( )

???

? ?

6

=.:2 g/s 2.=> g6 6.9:5 g

? ? 4.:9 g/s

i xj y

v7 + 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Unrmey ear yaursnke tjbt tjn tmgn ae ekmijt ae tjn obkk ms 6.466 s. Tjms wmkk hat on b wmhhnr dawh tjn knet smdnkmhn

oncbusn tjn stbhdbrd tnhhms hnt ms 6.=24 g (35.6 mh) tbkk bt tjn cnhtnr bhd 2.69 g (4?.6 mh) tbkk bt tjn smdn pasts. Tjms obkkhnvnr ints jmijnr tjbh 6.9:5 g sa mt wmkk surnky jmt tjn hnt, bhd tjn 2.=> g 7 5.46 et rbhin msht vnry ebr, nmtjnr.


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4 ?4

54. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn carl bhd mts mhmtmbk vnkacmtyciv

bs snnh

oy bh aosnrvnr ah tjn irauhd brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Bdd tjn vnkacmty ae tjn obkkaah ta tjn vnkacmty ae tjn carl bs snnh oy bh

aosnrvnr mh tjn obkkaah ta emhd tjn vnkacmty ae tjn carl bs snnh oy bh aosnrvnr ah tjnirauhd. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty ta emhd mts gbihmtudn bhd

dmrnctmah. Tjnh usn nqubtmah 4-26 ta dntnrgmhn tjn gbxmgug jnmijt ae tjn carlboavn irauhd bhd tjn tmgn ae ekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Bdd oiv

(tjn vnkacmty ae tjn

obkkaah rnkbtmvn ta irauhd) ta cov

(tjn vnkacmty

ae tjn carl rnkbtmvn ta tjn obkkaah)0( ) ( )

( ) ( )

ci co oi

ci

>.66 g/s ?.66 g/s

>.66 g/s ?.66 g/s

7 +

7 +

7 +

v v v

x y

v x y

?.(o) ^sn tjn cagpahnhts ae civ

ta emhd tjn spnnd0( ) ( )? ?ci >.66 g/s ?.66 g/s >.3= g/sv 7 + 7

3. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts aeciv

ta emhd tjn dmrnctmah0

2 2 ?.66 g/stbh tbh ?2.: boavn jarmzahtbk>.66 g/s

y

x

v

v

7 7 7

4.(c) ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd tjngbxmgug jnmijt ae tjn carl, hatmhi

mts mhmtmbk jnmijt ms 5.66 g0 ( )

( )

? ?

6

??

6

?

gbx 6

6 ?

?.66 g/s6.?64 g

? ? =.:2 g/s

5.66 6.?64 g 5.?6 g

y y

y

v v i y

vy

i

y y y

7 7

7 7 7

7 + 7 + 7

>. (d) ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd tjntmgn ta rnbcj tjn pnbl ae ekmijt0

6

up ?

6 ?.66 g/s6.?64 s

=.:2 g/s

y yv v

ti

7 7 7

5. ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd tjn tmgn

ta ebkk erag tjn pnbl ae ekmijt0( )

? ?2 26 6 6 dawh? ?

6

dawh ?

6 6

? 5.?6 g?2.2?4 s

=.:2 g/s

yy y v t it y it

yt

i

7 + 7 +

7 7 7

9. Bdd tjn tmgns ta emhd tjn tatbk tmgn ae ekmijt0 ekmijt up dawh 6.?64 2.2?4 s 2.33 st t t7 + 7 + 7

Mhsmijt0 Bhatjnr wby ta sakvn pbrt (d) ms ta usn? ?

6?

y yv v i y7 ta emhd

yv , tjnh usn yv , 6yv bhd tjn bccnknrbtmah ae

irbvmty ta emhd tjn tatbk tmgn ae ekmijt. Mt sbvns b stnp ar twa out dansht rnvnbk tup artdawh.

cov

oiv

y6

civ


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4 ?>

5>. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn trb`nctary ae tjn carl bhd mts mhmtmbk vnkacmtyciv

bs snnh

oy bh aosnrvnr ah tjn irauhd brn dnpmctnd bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 Bdd tjn vnkacmty ae tjn obkkaah ta tjn vnkacmty ae tjn carl bs snnh oy bh

aosnrvnr mh tjn obkkaah ta emhd tjn vnkacmty ae tjn carl bs snnh oy bh aosnrvnr ah tjnirauhd. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts ae tjn mhmtmbk vnkacmty ta emhd mts gbihmtudn bhd

dmrnctmah. Smhcn tjn carl ms bmgnd dawhwbrd mts gbxmgug jnmijt ms bksa mts mhmtmbkjnmijt. Emhbkky, usn nqubtmah 4-26 ta dntnrgmhn tjn tatbk tmgn ae ekmijt.

Sakutmah02. (b) Bdd oiv

(tjn vnkacmty ae

tjn obkkaah rnkbtmvn ta irauhd) ta cov

(tjn

vnkacmty ae tjn carl rnkbtmvn ta tjn obkkaah)0( ) ( )

( ) ( )

ci co oi

ci

>.66 g/s ?.66 g/s

>.66 g/s ?.66 g/s

7 +

7 +

7 +

v v v

x y

v x y

?.(o) ^sn tjn cagpahnhts aeciv

ta emhd tjn spnnd0( ) ( )? ?ci >.66 g/s ?.66 g/s >.3= g/sv 7 + 7

3. ^sn tjn cagpahnhts ae civ

ta emhd tjn dmrnctmah02 2 ?.66 g/stbh tbh ?2.: onkaw jarmzahtbk

>.66 g/s

y

x

v

v

7 7 7

4.(c) gbx 6y y7 0 gbx 5.66 gy 7

>. (d) ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhdtjn emhbk vnrtmcbk spnnd0

( ) ( )( )?? ? ?6? ?

? ?.66 g/s ? =.:2 g/s 5.66 g

2?? g /s 22.6 g/s (tjn carl ms trbvnkmhi dawhwbrd)

y y

y

v v i y

v

7 7

7 7

5. ^sn nqubtmah 4-5 ta emhd tjn

tatbk tmgn ae ekmijt erag6y

v bhd 0y

v

( )6ekmijt ?

22.6 ?.66 g/s6.=? s

=.:2 g/s

y yv vt

i

7 7 7

Mhsmijt0 Tjn tmgn ae ekmijt cbh bksa on eauhd erag ( ) ?26 ?smhy v t it7 , sakvmhi eartusmhi tjn qubdrbtmc eargukb.Hatn tjbt tjn tmgn ae ekmijt mh stnp 5 jbs ahky twa smihmemcbht dmimts oncbusn 22.6 + ?.66 g/s 7 =.6 g/s.

55. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjn saccnr obkk trbvnks bkahi b pbrboakmc brc, gbmhtbmhmhi mts jarmzahtbk vnkacmty out cjbhimhi mts


Strbtniy0(b) ^sn tjn vnctar gbihmtudn eargukb bhd6y y

v v it 7 ta dntnrgmhn6y

v . Tjnh usn tjn rnkbtmahsjmp ae6

v

bhd6y

v ta dntnrgmhn .

?.(o) Yrmtn tjn eargukb ear tjn gbihmtudn aev

bhd suostmtutn usmhi6y y

v v it 7 bhd6x x

v v7 0( )

? ? ?

?? ? ? ? ? ?

6 6 6 6 6?

x y

x y x y y

v v v

v v v it v v v it i t

7 +

7 + 7 + +

3.Haw hatn tjbt? ? ?

6 6 6x yv v v+ 7 , bhd tjbt 6 6 smh 0yv v 7 ( )? ? ? ?

6 6? smhv v v it i t 7 +

4.Haw sakvn ear0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )( )( )

? ? ? ?

2 6

6

?? ? ??

2

?

smh?

24.6 g/s 2?.= g/s =.:2 g/s 6.?9> ssmh

? =.:2 g/s 6.?9> s 24.6 g/s

?=.?

v v i t

i t v

+7

+ 7

7

Mhsmijt0 Tjnrn brn atjnr wbys ta sakvn tjms praokng. Ear mhstbhcn, tjn nqubtmahs? ? ?

6 6 6x yv v v7 + bhd? ? ?

6x yv v v7 + cbh on

cagomhnd ta nkmgmhbtn 6xv bhd emhd 6yv , bhd tjnh emhd tjn bhikn erag 6 6 smhyv v 7 .

cov

oiv

y6 civ


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4 ?5

59. Vmcturn tjn Vraokng0 Tjnx bhdy pasmtmahs ae tjn pbrtmckn brn pkattnd bs b

euhctmah ae tmgn bt rmijt.

Strbtniy0 ^sn nqubtmah ?-2? ta dntnrgmhn tjn dmstbhcn x tjn pbrtmckntrbvnks onearn mts spn

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Physics Chapter 4 Answers