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Physics goals and status of feasibility studies of the CBM experiment. Claudia Höhne GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Outline. motivation for CBM physics topics high baryon densities ( in medium properties of hadrons ) deconfinement critical point CBM detector - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Physics goals and
status of feasibility studies
of the CBM experiment
Claudia Höhne
GSI Darmstadt, Germany
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Outline
• motivation for CBM
• physics topics
• high baryon densities ( in medium properties of hadrons)
• deconfinement
• critical point
• CBM detector
• feasibility studies (special emphasis on TRD)
• tracking
• fluctuations
• J/, low mass vector mesons
• D-mesons
• outlook
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Mapping the QCD phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with heavy ion collisions
• high T, low B
top SPS, RHIC, LHC
• low T, high B
SIS
• intermediate range ?
low energy runs SPS, AGS limited in observables, statistics
SIS 300 @ GSI ! 2nd generation experiment needed!
Highest baryon densities!
→ in medium properties of hadrons
Deconfinement?
Critical point?
Motivationcritical endpoint: [Z.Fodor, S.Katz, JHEP 0404:050 (2004)][S.Ejiri et al., hep-lat/0312006]
SIS100/300
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Physics topics and observables
physics topics
deconfinement at high B ?
softening of EOS ?
Critical point ?
in-medium properties of hadrons
onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B
observables
strangeness production: K,
charm production: J/, D
flow excitation function
event-by-event fluctuations
e+e-
open charm
TRD !
PID!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Deconfinement: Strangeness production[NA49, C.Blume et al., nucl-ex/0409008]
• s-production mechanism different in hadronic / partonic scenario
• maximum of strangeness production at 30 AGeV
• CBM energy range: 15 – 35/45 AGeV (depending on A)
• verify and extend energy dependence!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Deconfinement: J/ suppression
• screening of cc pairs in partonic phase
• anomalous J/ suppression observed at top-SPS and RHIC energies
• signal of deconfinement?
• energy dependence?!
[E. Scomparin for NA 60, QM05]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Deconfinement: charm production[G
ore
nste
in e
t al J. P
hys. G
28
(20
02
) 21
51
]
Predictions of open charm yield for central A+A collisions differ by orders of magnitude for different production scenarios, especially at low energies
D-meson, J/
central Au+Au
cc N
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Deconfinement: collective flow
• collapse of v1 and v2 flow of protons at lower energies signal for first order phase transition?!
• full energy dependence needed!central
midcentral
peripheral
[NA49, PRC68, 034903 (2003)]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
In medium modifications: → l+l-
within acceptance
• high quality data at low and high energies now coming in from NA60 (SPS, 158 AGeV, In+In) and HADES (SIS, 2 AGeV, C+C)
• enhancement of low-mass dilepton pairs!
[R. Holzmann for HADES, QM05][E. Scomparin for NA 60, QM05]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
In medium modifications: → e+e-
• intermediate energies with highest baryon densities?
• pioneering measurement of CERES
• study full energy dependence!
CERES [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 042301 (2003)]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
D-mesons in medium[W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 745]
SIS18 SIS100/ 300
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
various QCD inspired models predict a change of the D-mass in a hadronic medium
• in analogy to kaon mass modification, but drop for both, D+ and D-
• substantial change (several 100 MeV) already at =0
• effect for charmonium is substantially smaller
[Mishra et al ., Phys. Rev. C 69, 015202 (2004) ]
D-mesons in medium (II)
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Consequence of reduced D mass: DD threshold drops below charmonium states
[Mishra et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 015202 (2004) ]
• decay channels into DD open for ’, c, J/
broadening of charmonium states suppression of J/ lepton pair channel (large fraction of J/ from higher states) (slight) enhancement of D mesons
D-mesons in medium J/
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Critical point: fluctuations
• dynamical fluctuations of the K/ ratio increasing towards lower energies
• p/ due to resonance decays, reproduced by UrQMD
[C.Roland et al., nucl-ex/0403035]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Critical point: fluctuations (II)
• mean-pt (pT) fluctuations rather constant
• changing fluctuations of net electric charge dyn?
importance of resonance decays?!
[CERES, NPA 727, 97 (2003)][H. Appelshaeuser and H. Sako for CERES, nucl-ex/0409022]
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
detector requirements
Systematic investigations:A+A collisions from 8 to 45 (35) AGeV, Z/A=0.5 (0.4) (up to 8 AGeV: HADES)p+A and p+p collisions from 8 to 90 GeV
observables detector requirements & challenges
strangeness production: K,
charm production: J/, D
flow excitation function
event-by-event fluctuations
e+e-
open charm
tracking in high track density environment (~ 1000)
hadron ID
lepton ID
myons, photons
secondary vertex reconstruction
(resolution 50 m)
large statistics: large integrated luminosity:
high beam intensity (109 ions/sec.) and duty cycle
beam available for several months per year
high interaction rates (10 MHz)
fast, radiation hard detector
efficient trigger
rare signals!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
The CBM experiment
• tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field
• electron ID: RICH & TRD (& ECAL) suppression 104
• hadron ID: TOF (& RICH)
• photons, 0, : ECAL
• high speed DAQ and trigger
beam
targetSTS
(5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 cm)TRDs(4,6, 8 m)
TOF(10 m)
ECAL(12 m)
RICH
magnet
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD – tasks & challenge
Tasks:
• electron identification, suppression > 100
• tracking global tracking, matching to STS, TOF (ECAL)
J/ meson, low-mass vector mesons
particle identification with TOF: (multi-)strange hadrons
flow, correlations, fluctuations of identified particles
Challenge:
• high counting rates (up to 100-150 kHz/cm2)
• self triggered, fast readout (10 MHz)
• large area (3 stations at 4,6,8,m 25, 50, 100 m2)
• good position resolution (~200 m)
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD – design
• layers: radiator (foils or fibres/foams) + readout
• MWPCs (ALICE)
• GEMs
• straw tubes (ATLAS)
Ongoing R&D!
• design studies (segmentation, padsize, ordering,...) started:
3-6 stations
3 stations, 3 layers each
3 stations, 4 layers each
6 stations, 2 layers each
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD - simulation
• simulation of TRDs (simplified geometry, (1.7 – 2.2) % X0)
• e/ separation studied in dependence on• number of layers• thickness and compositions of the active gas• radiator parameters – foil & gap thickness
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM simulation framework
• C++ based simulation framework in development for detailed detector simulation, feasibility studies, design optimization
• tracking !
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
STS tracking
• set of silicon tracking stations inside magnetic field („heart of CBM“)
• 2-3 vertex detectors with high resolution, minimum thickness (e.g. MAPS)
• outer stations: Si-strip, (hybrid pixel detectors in addition?)
so far: simple standard layout with 7 stations (3 + 4) in use
MAPSStripHybrids
Should deliver unambiguous seeds
High resolution tracking
With large coverage
Ultimate vertex resolution
optimization of layout started
tracking!!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
STS tracking (II)
Challenge: high track density 600 charged particles in 25o
task
• track reconstruction for tracks with 0.1 GeV/c < p 10-12 GeV/c and with a momentum resolution of order 1% at 1 GeV/c
• primary and secondary vertex reconstruction (resolution 50 m)
• V0 track pattern recognition (hyperons, e+e- pairs from -conversion)
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
STS tracking (III)
• several trackers under study (cellular automaton, Hough transform, conformal mapping, 3D track following)
• problem: high hit densities: fakes, pile-up in MAPS?
I. Kisel, CA, all tracks, NSTS > 3 ... including 10 pile-up events in MAPS
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD - tracking
• standalone TRD - tracking J/ trigger!
• global tracking (standalone + matching, STS track extrapolation)
work has just started ...
will finally lead to layout of detectors (padsize, station&layer ordering, ...)
pad layout used so far
• rectangular pads:
300-500 m x 3-30 mm
• odd layers rotated by 90°
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD – tracking (II)
• track finding: STS track following
• track fitting: Kalman filter
• input: UrQMD events, central Au+Au @ 25 AGeV
Momentum distribution of tracks requiring > 4 hits in STS
• hit rates 800-1000 per event per layer
• large number of secondaries!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD – tracking (III)
• 9 layers in 3 stations, 2.2% X0
• efficiency for tracks with 9 TRD hits
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
TRD – tracking (IV)Compare to:
• 12 layers in 3 stations, 2.2% X0
• efficiency for tracks with 12 TRD hits slight improvement for low momenta!
• connect to TOF hits: efficiency/ purity of PID?
• impact on fluctuation measurements?
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: dynamical fluctuations
4 acceptance identified
particles
K/ 3.2 0.3 2.6 0.6
p/ -5.3 0.07 -5.9 0.1
datamixed events
2 2dyn data mixed
UrQMD:central Au+Au collisionsat 25 AGeV
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: charmonium measuremente+e- channel (+- also under investigation)assumptions: ideal tracking
momentum resolution 1%
2·1010 central Au + Au UrQMD 25 AGeV + GEANT3
e+e-
different -suppression, pt> 1 GeV
10-2
10-3
10-4
no (red)
-suppression 10-4
-suppression 10-4
• implement reconstructed tracks
• PID
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: → e+e-
track segment
reconstructed no PID
reconstructed PID
main problem: background e !
no tracking in field free region for rejection of close pairs!
N/event Decay BR
36 e+ e- 5.×10-3
38 e+ e- 0
e+ e-
5.9×10-4
7.07×10-5
1.28 e+ e- 3.1×10-4
0 28 e+ e- 4.44×10-5
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: → e+e- (II)• detailed study of cut strategies, still on ideal MC level
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: ?
• alternative: measure J/ and low-mass vector mesons in +- channel?
• 2 options studied: detector behind TOF, rejection of from -decay via kink analysis (TRD!)
Fe/C absorbers behind STS, tracking stations in between + at end (TRD?)
problem: from soft! also stopped ...first promising results from kink studies for J/!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: D0 → K-+ (~4%, c = 124m)
• rather advanced studies available including tracking, secondary vertex reconstruction (65 m resolution), cut strategies for online D selection (only tracking informnation from STS used, no PID)
event reduction by factor 1000:10 MHz 10 kHz
D0+ D0 multiplicity from HSD: 1.5·10-4 per central Au+Au event at 25 AGeV
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
CBM: D+ K-++ (9%, c = 317 m)
• first studies started, similar strategy as for D0
• feasibility of reconstructing 3 particle vertices shown
• c (c=62 m, pK-+ (5%))?
efficiency ~ 5.3%
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Outlook
• detector design and optimization
• R&D on detector components
• feasibility studies of key observables
detailed studies started by now!
• physics workshop, GSI Dec. 15th-16th, 2005
• CBM collaboration formed and still increasing
• technical Status Report submitted in January 2005
• exciting physics lie ahead of us!
Claudia Höhne International workshop: TRDs – Present & Future, Romania, 2005
Croatia: RBI, Zagreb
Cyprus: Nikosia Univ. Czech Republic:Czech Acad. Science, RezTechn. Univ. Prague France: IReS Strasbourg
Germany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst.Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. FrankfurtUniv. Mannheim Univ. MarburgUniv. MünsterFZ RossendorfGSI Darmstadt
Romania: NIPNE Bucharest
Russia:CKBM, St. PetersburgIHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. PetersburgKurchatov Inst., MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR DubnaLIT, JINR DubnaPNPI GatchinaSINP, Moscow State Univ.
Spain: Santiago de Compostela Univ. Ukraine: Univ. Kiev
Hungaria:KFKI BudapestEötvös Univ. Budapest
Italy: INFN Frascati
Korea:Korea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.
Norway:Univ. Bergen
Poland:Jagiel. Univ. Krakow Silesia Univ. KatowiceWarsaw Univ.Warsaw Tech. Univ. Portugal: LIP Coimbra
CBM collaboration