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Physics Opportunities with heavy quark system at FAIR

Su Houng Lee Yonsei Univ., Korea

1. Introduction to FAIR

2. Heavy quark system in nuclear medium

3. Heavy exotics from heavy Ion collision

4. Summary

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Introduction to FAIR

Facility for Antiproton and Ion Researchat GSI

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FAIR FAIR 1. CBM 2-35 GeV Heavy Ion (Gold) projectile

QCD phase diagram at high baryon density

2. PANDA: anti proton project (1-15 GeV) charmonium sprectroscopy, origin of hadron mass

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Heavy quark system in nuclear medium

Physics with antiproton beam

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QCD Vacuum

3(250 MeV)qq 30.8 (250 MeV)qq

Partial Chiral symmetry restoration in nuclear matter

Could be probed by light vector mesons

Nuclear matter

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From Volker Metag’s recent talk

Shocking

result !!

New structure appearing?

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2 3380 MeV/fms B

2 3380 MeV/fms E

2 3365 MeV/fms B

2 3335 MeV/fms E

Change of gluonic background in nuclear matter

could be probed by heavy quark system

QCD Vacuum Nuclear matter

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Why Heavy Quark system can probe this gluonic change

1. Heavy quark propagation

mqqS

1)( where,...........)()()()( qSGqSqSqSG

Perturbative treatment are possible

because 0for even qqm QCD

q

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2. System with two heavy quarks

..)2/1(4

),(...)(

2222

21

0

n

n Gqxqm

xqFdxq

Perturbative treatment are possible when

222 4 QCDqm

2q

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q2<0: QCD sum rules for charmonium (cc)

3090

3000

3400

35003570

42

2

MeV 20350

with0)(q prediction rule sum QCD

G

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Heavy quark propagator is is sensitive to only gluon fields

and therefore the mass of heavy quark system will change in nuclear medium

2 2 0s sB E

2 2, 0s sB E

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Approaches for charmonium mass shift Approaches for charmonium mass shift in nuclear matterin nuclear matter

Quantum numbers

QCD 2nd Stark eff.

Potential model

QCD sum rules

Effects of DD loop

c 0-+ –8 MeV –5 MeV(Klingl, SHL ,Weise)

No effect(SHL, Ko)

J/ 1-- –8 MeV(Peskin, Luke)

-10 MeV(Brodsky et al).

–7 MeV(Klingl, SHL ,Weise)

<2 MeV(SHL, Ko)

0,1,2+

+

-40 MeV(SHL)

-60 MeV(SHL)

No effect on

1-- -100 MeV(SHL)

< 30 MeV(SHL, Ko)

1-- -140 MeV(SHL)

< 30 MeV(SHL, Ko)

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Such experiment can be done at Such experiment can be done at 1. GSI future accelerator facility

⇒ anti proton project (1-15 GeV)

HESR

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Anti proton

4 to 6 GeV/ck

Heavy nuclei

3 2

11.2

0.17 5fm

fm fm

1/3 12 1.310 / for A=125

0.8

At fm c

c

Anti proton project at GSI

Anti proton will be absorbed at surface and

Charmonium will decay inside the heavy nuclei

e

e

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Production rate:Production rate:

JPC Mass shift

Final state

to final state

Events per day

J/ 1-- –8 MeV e+ + e- 6 pb 100

1-- –100 MeV e+ + e- 0.6 pb 10

1-- -100 MeV e+ + e- 1 pb 17

0++ -50 MeV J/+ 200 pb 3400

1++ -50 MeV J/+ 80 pb 1360

0++ -50 MeV J/+ 350 pb 5950

2

2 2 21 2

2 1

(2 1)(2 1) ( ) / 4in out Total

BWR Total medium

B BJ

s s k E E

32 2 1Luminosity = 2 10 cm s

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Charmonium spectrum

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Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943)

Zeeman effect: Nobel prize 1902

Johannes Stark (1874-1957)

Stark effect: Nobel prize 1919

Similar to discoveries in E&M

Beginning of the Femtophysics era

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Heavy exotics from Heavy Ion collision

Physics with CBM

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aq

aq

aq

bq

abc

Attractions in quark-antiquark vs. diquark

One gluon exchanger

1

3

4

r

1

3

4

2

1

Lattice calculationr r2

1

kiki

SSmm

C

3

1 kiki

SSmm

C Phenomenological fit to hadron spectrum

color spin interaction

2Zmm

mmE

ji

ji

2/1Zmm

mmE

ji

ji

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Color spin interaction explains hadron spectrum

Works very well with 3CB=CM = constant

Nucleon

u u d

2222

2 2

1duuduu

q

B

duduuuki

B

ssssssm

C

ssssssmm

C

Baryon Mass difference Meson Mass difference

MeV 1500 MeV, 500 MeV, 300 csdu mmmm

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When will a pentaquark form ?

qu

d du

Strong quark-antiquark attraction

qu

dd

uqu

d du

Weak quark-antiquark attraction

sc

Epentaquark-Emeson-Baryon= -50MeV

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a ud

b

bu da

When will a tetraquark form ?

au

d b

Strong quark-antiquark attraction

Weak quark-antiquark attraction

ss cc

Etetraquark-E2-meson= +38 MeV

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Success of statistical model

P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel (95 …)

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Exotic particle production: elementary vs HIC

Exotic particle production from elementary processes

cu

d du

QGP

cu

d du

N=c exp(-m/T)

Exotic particle production from Heavy Ion collision

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Possible Decay mode of charmed Pentaquark

cu

d du

+

L=1

exotic Decay mode Final states Branching ratio

udusc uds() +uc(D0) + k0 0 (k+ -)

+ k0 - +

2.3 % (3.8 % )

5.97 %

uud(p) +sc (Ds-) P + k0 -

P + k+ - -

2.82 %

9.2 %

ududc udu (p)+dc (D-) P + k0 -

P + k+ - -

2.82 %

9.2 %

udd (n)+uc (D0) n + k0 0 (k+ -)

n + k0 - +

2.3 % (3.8 % )

5.97 %

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Rough estimate of events at RHIC

cu

d du

c

Central collision (0-10%)

dNcc/dy = 2.2 (phenix)

Final state Decay mode Final states Branching ratio

ududc udu (p)+dc (D-) p + k0 -

P + k+ - - 2.82 %

9.2 %

udd (n)+uc (D0) n + k0 0 (k+ -)

n + k0 - +

2.3 % (3.8 % )

5.97 %

00045.003.0148

12.2

ratio Branching]/exp[//

TmdydNdydN pDc

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Possible Decay mode of Tetra-quark

cu dc

exotic Decay mode Final states Branching ratio

uscc uc (D0)+sc (Ds-) D0 (k0 0 , k+ -k0 - + )

Ds-(k0k- , k-k+ -) 3.6 % ( 4.4 %)

udcc dc (D-)+uc (D0) D- (k0 -l k+ - - ) +

D0 (k0 0 , k+ -k0 - + )

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If STAR can do it, CBM can do much better

kD0

STAR CBM

4 month Au+Au at 25 AGeV CBM

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And also at LHC (W.Liu, C.M.Ko, SHL 07)

udud c ud cc

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SummarySummary

1. From PANDA (anti proton beam), can look at the charmonium mass shift in nuclear medium

Beginning of Femto Physics

Hint to confinement and QCD vacuum

3. From CBM (heavy Ion Physics), can look at heavy Exotics

New exotic hadron in QCD

If found the first real exotic ever, will tell us about QCD and dense matter color superconductivity

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4 month Au+Au at 25 AGeV CBM

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q2 processexpansion parameter

negativeQCD sum rules for heavy

quarks

0Photo production of open

charm

m2J/

> 0 Dissociation cross section of bound states

Perturbative treatment are possible when 2222 4 QCDqm

2

2

4mQCD

22

2

4 QmQCD

2/

2

2

4 J

QCD

mm

0/

2

2

J

QCD

mm

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Example: from Volker Metag’s recent talk

Shocking

result !!

New structure appearing?