““Physiological properties of Physiological properties of the heart. Heart as a pump the heart. Heart as a pump ””

ContentsContents::

1. 1. Morphological and functional Morphological and functional properties of the heartproperties of the heart

2. 2. AutomatismAutomatism

3. 3. ExcitabilityExcitability

4. 4. ConductibilityConductibility

5. 5. ContractilityContractility

66.. Pump work of the heart Pump work of the heart

7. Heart sounds7. Heart sounds

8. Echocardiography8. Echocardiography

AutomatismAutomatism

Active potentialActive potential of contractiveof contractive heart cellsheart cells

Phases of active potentialPhases of active potential

0 – 0 – depolarizationdepolarization 1 – 1 – beginning rapid beginning rapid

repolarizationrepolarization 2 – 2 – slowly repolarization or slowly repolarization or

plateauplateau 3 – 3 – ending rapid ending rapid

repolarizationrepolarization 4 – 4 – rest periodrest period..

4 – 4 – absolute absolute refractivityrefractivity; ;

5 – 5 – relative relative refractivityrefractivity; ;

6 – 6 – period of period of increase increase excatabilityexcatability;;

7 - 7 - exaltationexaltation

Active potential, contraction, excitability of Active potential, contraction, excitability of heart cells heart cells

2 – 2 – SA nodeSA node; ;

3 – 3 – Bachman tractBachman tract; ;

4 – 4 – tracts of tracts of BachmanBachman, , VenkebachVenkebach,,

TorelTorel

6 –6 – AV node AV node

7 – 7 – Hiss bungleHiss bungle

8 – 8 – right leg of Hiss bungleright leg of Hiss bungle

9 – 9 – anterior brunch of left leg of anterior brunch of left leg of Hiss bungleHiss bungle

10 – 10 – posterior brunch of left leg of posterior brunch of left leg of Hiss bungleHiss bungle

11 - Kent bungle11 - Kent bungle

12 – 12 – Jams bungleJams bungle

13 - 13 - Meacham bungleMeacham bungle

Conductive system of heartConductive system of heart

Cardiac cycleCardiac cycle Systole Systole

1. period of tension1. period of tension asynchrony contractionasynchrony contraction isometric contractionisometric contraction (all valves are closed) (all valves are closed) 2. period of ejection2. period of ejection protosphigmic interval protosphigmic interval

(opening of semilunear valves)(opening of semilunear valves) fast ejectionfast ejection slow ejectionslow ejection

Cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle DiastoleDiastole

1. Period of relaxation1. Period of relaxation protodiastolic interval (closing of protodiastolic interval (closing of

semilunear valves)semilunear valves) phase of isometric relaxation phase of isometric relaxation

(opening of AV-valves is end of this phase)(opening of AV-valves is end of this phase) 2. Period of filling2. Period of filling phase of rapid fillingphase of rapid filling phase of slow fillingphase of slow filling phase of filling by help of atrium phase of filling by help of atrium

systole systole

Heart sounds. ComponentsHeart sounds. Components I tone.I tone. 1. 1. Valve component (AV Valve component (AV

valves)valves). . 2. 2. Muscle componentMuscle component.. 3. 3. Vessels componentVessels component

(opening of semilunear valves)(opening of semilunear valves) 4. Atrium component4. Atrium component.. II tone. 1. II tone. 1. Valve componentValve component

(closing of semilunear valves)(closing of semilunear valves) 2. 2. Vessels componentVessels component..

EchocardiographyEchocardiography

1. M-measure1. M-measure 2. D-measure2. D-measure 3. Doppler3. Doppler 4. Contrasing4. Contrasing

Thank you!Thank you!