• Physiology = function

• Anatomy = structure

• structure aids function

• Pathology = disease = bad A&P

why study physiology ?

• because you have to

• the language of health care

• recognize disease

• goals of treatment

• this is the story of you

functions of living things• obtain energy from environment

– change to useful form (ATP)• obtain and process building materials

– digest, absorb, transport• communication and control

– coordinate functions between tissues• make more living things

– reproduction, genetics

Organ Systems• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous• Endocrine• Cardiovascular• Lymphatic ; Immune• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Reproductive

fig 1.3 p6-7

integrated functions

• movement• nutrition• fluid balance• elimination• regulation• making more individuals

Homeostasis• = similar condition• optimum conditions

– temperature– blood pressure– glucose levels

• normal range

• keep things optimum for survival

homeostasis• variable body function or amount

– set point “normal” level

• receptor notices change– stimulus any change that excites a receptor

• integration center compares change to set point• effector causes response

homeostasis

negative feedback• response is opposite to change• brings variable back to normal

• body temp• BP• glucose

inhibition• response shuts off response

– low glucose shuts off insulin production

• end-product inhibition– insulin shuts off insulin production– products shut off chemical reactions

• antagonsists opposite effectors

positive feedback• response increases the change

– labor contractions– blood clotting

• still has an end point no stimulus– baby not present no stretch– clot formed no rough edge

homeodynamics• homeostasis is dynamic• optimum function for current condition

– 25o F. outside– no food for 4 days– lions– exercise

• dynamic dysequilibrium

physiologic reflexes• Sensation Integration

Response

• appropriate responses to changes

physiologic reflexes• receptor notices change• afferent pathway sensory neurons• integration center brain

endocrine glands• efferent pathway motor neurons

blood• effector muscle, organ, gland

science vs nonscience• science things that can be tested

• nonscience things that can be believed

learning• science of the ear learn what we are told

• science of the eye learn what we can see (sense)

Scientific Method• science = deductions from reproducible data

• we must trust our senses

• we must trust our methods

• we analyze what we observe, not what we expect

Scientific Method• observation• hypothesis• experiment

– data collection• deductions

Scientific Method• 2 groups :• experimental group

– independent variable we control values– dependent variable changes w/ independent– elimination of other variables

• control group independent variable doesn’t changeused for comparison to experimental

group

data analysis - graphing• x-axis independent variable• y-axis dependent variable

• curve– positive correlation– negative correlation