Phytorid technology and implemented projects across India

BY:

Dr. Raman Sharma, Sr. Scientist

Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-NEERI raman.sharma@neeri.res.in

Layout of the Lecture

• Decentralised waste water treatment

• Constructed wetland for waste water

treatment.

o In-situ treatment

o Ex-situ treatment

• Success stories.

• Conclusions.

2

What is decentralised waste water

treatment?

• Decentralized wastewater treatment consists of a variety of

approaches for collection, treatment, and dispersal/reuse of

wastewater for individual dwellings, industrial or

institutional facilities, clusters of homes or businesses, and

entire communities.

• These systems are a part of permanent infrastructure and can

be managed as stand-alone facilities or be integrated with

centralized sewage treatment systems.

• They are typically installed at or near the point where the

wastewater is generated.

3

Why decentralised waste water treatment?

• Decentralized wastewater treatment can be a smart alternative

for communities considering new systems or modifying,

replacing, or expanding existing wastewater treatment

systems. For many communities, decentralized treatment can

be:

o Cost effective

o Green and sustainable

o Safe in protecting the environment, public health and water

quality.

• Phytorid Technology is one of the technology that can help

us in the decentralised waste water treatment.

4

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND:

A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland created

for the purpose of treating wastewater designed to

emulate the features of natural wetlands such as acting

as a biofilter, removing sediments and pollutants

NEERI TECHNOLOGIES:

Phytorid Technology

In-situ Nallah Clean-up

Lake Clean-up

River Rejuvenation using Phytorid

Technology

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PHYTORID TECHNOLOGY SUBSURFACE FLOW TYPE

WASTEWATER APPLIED TO CELLS/BEDS FILLED WITH

POROUS MEDIA

FILTER MEDIA

PLANTS

PHYTORID

UNIT USES FILTER MEDIA

WHICH IS LOCALLY AVAILABLE

GRAVELS, STONES, DEBRIS

AQUATIC, SEMI-AQUATIC,

ORNAMENTAL AND/OR

FLOWERING SPECIES

CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF

PHYTORID TREATMENT

SYSTEM WHERE INFLUENT

IS FROM NALLAH

WASTEWATER CONSTITUENT FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR REMOVAL MECHANISMS

Suspended solids Sedimentation / filtration

BOD

Microbial degradation (aerobic and anaerobic)

Sedimentation (accumulation of organic matter/ sludge on the sediment

surface)

Nitrogen Ammonification followed by microbial nitrification and de-nitrification,

Plant uptake, Ammonic volatilization

Phosphorus Media sorption (adsorption precipitation reactions)

Plant uptake

Pathogens Sedimentation / filtration, Natural die-off

CONTAMINANT REMOVAL MECHANISM IN PHYTORID

For the treatment of wastewater generated in the

form of :

Municipal/ Domestic wastewaters

Commercial establishments

Agricultural runoffs

Storm water runoffs

Neutralized effluent from CETP

USES OF PHYTORID TECHNOLOGY

PHYTORID TECHNOLOGY: PROCESS

Phytorid wastewater treatment plant layout

Components of Phytorid wastewater treatment plant

I. SCREEN CHAMBER

FUNCTION:

Removal of coarse and fine solid particles (by using bar

screens), followed by oil and grease removal

BAR SCREEN

SECTIONAL VIEW

INLET

MANHOLES

OUTLET

II.COLLECTION-CUM-SEDIMENTATION TANK

FUNCTION:

Allows suspended solids to settle down in the tank and

simultaneous removal of BOD

SETTLER ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTOR (ABR)

SEDIMENTATION TANK

MANHOLES INLET

OUTLET

III. PHYTORID BED

Treatment occurs via natural methods such as filtration,

sedimentation, nutrient uptake by plants and microbial action in a

constructed system which is filled with gravels

Specifically identified different species of plants which are

known to have good nutrient uptake rates are planted in the

gravel bed

AQUATIC

PLANTS

TYPICAL SECTION OF PHYTORID FILLING MEDIA

A range of plants have shown

their ability to assist in the

breakdown of wastewater. Some

of the species such as:

Colocasiaesculenta

Canna indica

Cyperusalternifolius

Yellow Cana

Red Cana

Pampas Grass

Cyperus Spp.

Spider Lily

Canna Verigated

Typha spp.

Soft Rush / Bull Rush Spp.

Elephant Ear

Phragmitesaustralis / spp.

are good examples of marsh

species that can effectively uptake

nutrients

TYPES OF PLANT SPECIES

Bird of Paradise

Typha

Canna Indica

Cyperus spp.

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE AREAS

Inlet areas

[Screen, Grit Removal, Sedimentation/ Clarifier]

Treatment Area

[Phytorid Bed, Gravel, Plants]

Collection and Reuse Area

[Tanks and Pumps]

UNIT CLEANING

FREQUENCY

SEDIMENTATION TANK

Grey water 4-5 years

Black water 2-3 years

PLANTS MAINTENANCE/HARVESTING

Fast growing plants After 3 months

Slow growing plants After 5-6 months

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

PARAMETER INLET

SEWAGE

QUALITY

TREATED

WATER

QUALITY

CPCB

STANDARDS

FOR INLAND

SURFACE

WATER

New

CPCB

Standards

(October,

2017)

STANDARDS

LAND

IRRIGATION

pH 7.1 - 7.5 7.2 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0

Biochemical Oxygen

Demand (mg/L)

(BOD)

80-130 < 10 30 <20 100

Chemical Oxygen

Demand (mg/L)

(COD)

130 - 350 < 30 250 Not Specified

Total Suspended

solids (mg/L)

(TSS)

80-120 < 20 100 <50 200

Ammonia Nitrogen

(mg/L)

10 - 15 4-5 50 Not Specified

Phosphate (mg/L) 1 - 2 0.4 - 0.5 5 Not Specified

PERFORMANCE OF PHYTORID FOR SEWAGE:

TYPICAL RESULTS

NALLAH SYSTEM (EX-SITU) NALLAH SYSTEM (IN-SITU)

PHYTORID TECHNOLOGY FOR NALLAH TREATMENT

16

17

PROJECT DETAILS USING

PHYTORID TECHNOLOGY

18

BEDMUTHA INDUSTRIES LTD., DHULE

PROJECT DETAILS

500 CMD semi automated ETP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Half a million litres per day is expected to

be treated using conventional neutralization

followed by iron removal process and then

PHYTORID for trace organics removal.

The system is further augmented with

tertiary Pressure Sand Filter (PSF) &

Activated Carbon Filter (ACF) which feeds

into Reverse Osmosis for complete

recycling of the treated water back into the

pickling process.

With an inlet TDS values ranging to the

tune of several 1000’s, the system is

expected to achieve <100μS conductivity.

19

SLAUGHTER HOUSE

WASTEWATER, NASHIK

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

PHYTORID now has found its way into slaughter house wastewater treatment and probably this would be the

final destination since the worst of worst effluent from industrial sector is that generated from slaughter house.

Low cost, maintenance free and lowest energy consuming system was the demand which is being fulfilled

by PHYTORID.

The system comprises of conventional physico-chemical primary treatment for disintegration of organic

matter like blood and body parts followed by neutralization cum coagulation and settling.

This partially treated wastewater flows through series of wetland beds and finally through tertiary filtration

system achieving the regulatory standards at Bhadrakali.

PROJECT DETAILS

130 CMD ETP, 5 CMD ETP & 5 CMD ETP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

20

EAST DELHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, SHAHDARA

PROJECT DETAILS

3 MLD STP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The purpose of this project is to

rejuvenate Shahdara Jheel (30

acres: 14 acres lake + 16 acres

park) by treating the municipal

sewer waste being directly disposed

into the Jheel.

The plant has been designed to

treat 3 MLD waste water using

Phytorid Technology.

The treatment scheme includes

primary treatment followed by

PHYTORID as a secondary

treatment.

21

EAST DELHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, SHAHDARA

(Contd.)

The sewage is lifted

to grit chambers followed by

collection cum settling tank

where tube settler have been

installed.

The settled sludge is

directed to further disposal

using decanter system.

The overflow from the tube

settler is collected into the

launder followed by Phytorid

beds. The treated effluent

shall be discharged into the

Jheel.

Perspective view of lake

23

WARANA INDUSTRIES LTD., (Cadbury Division) KOLHAPUR

PROJECT DETAILS

50 CMD ETP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The technology was provided to

treat the dairy effluent which had

characteristics like high BOD &

COD.

The treatment process consists

of primary process of conventional

chemical treatment with simple

settling.

Overflow from settling chamber

passed through wetland system

and tertiary units.

This was one of the first

experiments of wetlands for effluent

treatment and has been very

successful & satisfactory

24

MAHINDRA VEHICLES MANUFACTURERS LTD.

CHAKAN (Maharashtra)

PROJECT DETAILS

750 CMD ETP

PROJECT

DESCRIPTION

The system is simple

without use of any power.

The greatest sign of

success is that yet again

Phytorid has formed part

of the success story for

MVML’s Vasundhara

Award from MPCB

25

SARA BUILDERS & DEVELOPERS PVT. LTD.

This is one of the best customized

designs of Phytorid as per requirement

and space availability.

500CMD capacity STP is designed with

conventional primary treatment followed by

PHYTORID as secondary treatment.

The sewage passes through three Phytorid

beds of different sizes designed to best suit

the space availability.

The project is to treat the sewage

generated from the residential building

complex at Aurangabad.

Treated water shall be used for gardening

purposes in the premises.

PROJECT DETAILS

50 CMD STP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

26

N.P. BANGALI SENIOR

SECONDARY GIRLS

SCHOOL

PROJECT DETAILS

100 CMD STP

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project is to treat the sewage generated from the municipal school.

100 CMD capacity STP is designed with conventional primary treatment followed by

PHYTORID as secondary treatment.

Treated water shall be used for gardening purposes in the premises.

River Rejuvenation using Phytorid Technology

Ranchi-Harmu River Clean-up

LAKE WITH PHYTORID SYSTEM (FLOATING RAFTERS)

29

Case studies: Makhmali Lake, Thane

Location: Thane Area: 0.4 Ha Status before: BOD >200mg/L TSS > 180 mg/L Phosphate: >10 mg/L Nitrate: 30-40 mg/L Status now: BOD 10-20mg/L TSS 10-15 mg/L Phosphate 1-2 mg/L Nitrate 5-10 mg/L Just after installation

Before installation- highly Eutrophic nature clearly visible

Case studies: Sidheshwar Lake, Thane

Location: Thane Area: 1 Ha Status before: BOD >200mg/L TSS > 180 mg/L Phosphate: >20 mg/L Nitrate: 30-40 mg/L Status now: BOD 10-20mg/L TSS 10-15 mg/L Phosphate 1-2 mg/L Nitrate 5-10 mg/L

Note slums on 2/3rd lake periphery from where wastewater enters lake continuously

Lake Area: 11 Ha

Phytorid Capacity 2 MLD

Telibandha lake, Raipur

Conclusion

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• In peri urban communities and large villages requirement is of

– decentralized treatment systems e.g. Phytorid (Bhoopalpally, Tirupati, Delhi, Arvi, and many villages)

– Nallah cleanup (Amritsar, Ulhasnagar , Palghar, Nasik, etc)

– Lake remediation (Mumbai, Raipur, Delhi, Nagpur, etc)

THANK YOU

raman.sharma@neeri.res.in

Septage management- solids from Sewage

•Total septage from country is aprox. 3000 MLD

•20,000 times more concentrated than sewage

•Also put in nallahs, rivers, lakes and existing sewer network/STP (which can’t handle it’s shock load)