PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) - environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/190220189DVWP59DEIA... · 2.17 Rain Water Harvesting 2-17 2.18 Greenbelt Development

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

of

PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) Plot No. SPM-29/2, Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd.,

At & Po: Sarod, Tal: Jambusar, Dist: Bharuch, Gujarat

for

Proposed Pesticide, Pesticide Intermediates

and Fine Chemicals manufacturing

Project Activity: 5(b) & 5(f), Category: A

Prepared by

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.

(NABET Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0084; Valid till 23.12.2019)

424, Medicine Market, Paldi Cross Road,

Ahmedabad-380006, Gujarat

Email: [email protected]

(February, 2018)

mailto:[email protected]

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad

EIA Report of PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) 1

Contents Particulars Page No.

Contents 1-9

List of Tables 10-12

List of Figures 13-14

List of Annexures 15

Index Chapter 1 Introduction Page No.

1.1 Preface 1-1

1.2 Purpose of the Report 1-1

1.3 Identification of Project & Project proponent 1-2

1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific

criteria

1-2

1.3.2 Project Identification with respect to category 1-3

1.3.3 Project proponent 1-3

1.4 Brief description of the project 1-4

1.4.1 Nature of the project 1-4

1.4.2 Size of the project 1-4

1.4.3 Location of the project 1-9

1.5 Regulatory Framework 1-9

1.6 Scope of the study 1-10

1.7 Compliance to Terms of Reference 1-11

1.8 Objective of EIA 1-22

1.9 Methodology for EIA 1-23

1.10 Structure of Report 1-24

1.11 List of industries within 10 km radius 1-26

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Type of project 2-1

2.3 Need for the project/Justification of the Project 2-1

2.4 Capital Investment 2-2

2.5 Land Requirement 2-2

2.6 Details of the Site 2-2

2.7 Size or Magnitude of Operation 2-3



2.8 Infrastructure facilities of plant (Proposed Major

Machineries)

2-9

2.9 Proposed Schedule for Approval and

Implementation

2-10

2.10 Description of Manufacturing Process 2-10

2.11 Project Components 2-10

2.12 Input Requirement 2-11

2.13 Generation of Pollutants 2-12

2.13.1 Wastewater Generation 2-12

2.13.2 Gaseous Emission 2-13

2.13.3 Hazardous Waste Generation 2-13

2.13.4 Noise generation 2-14

2.14 Pollution Control Strategy 2-14

2.14.1 Effluent Management 2-14

2.14.2 Air Pollution Control Measures 2-15

2.14.3 Hazardous Waste Management 2-15

2.14.4 Noise Pollution Control 2-16

2.15 Odour Control Plan 2-16

2.16 Solvent Management Plan 2-17

2.17 Rain Water Harvesting 2-17

2.18 Greenbelt Development 2-17

2.19 Occupational Health & Safety 2-18

Chapter 3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Prelude 3-1

3.1.1 Study area 3-1

3.1.2 Period of study 3-2

3.2 Source of Environmental Data Generation 3-2

3.2.1 Methodology 3-2

3.3 Land Environment 3-2

3.3.1 Land use pattern of the Study Area 3-3

3.3.2 Objective of land use Studies 3-3

3.4 Meteorology 3-3

3.4.1 Site specific micro-meteorological data 3-4

3.4.2 Wind Rose 3-4

3.5 Ambient Air quality 3-5

3.5.1 Introduction 3-5

3.5.2 Design Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3-5



Stations

3.5.3 Reconnaissance 3-5

3.5.4 Parameters, Frequency and monitoring

Methodology

3-6

3.5.5 Interpretation of result 3-6

3.6 Water Environment 3-7

3.6.1 Geology and Hydro-geology of the study area 3-7

3.7 Water Quality 3-8

3.7.1 Introduction 3-8

3.7.2 Sampling Frequency, Techniques & Methodology 3-9

3.7.3 Surface water quality (Primary date) 3-10

3.7.4 Ground water quality 3-10

3.7.5 Interpretation 3-10

3.7.6 Conclusion 3-11

3.8 Noise Environment 3-11

3.8.1 Instrument used for sampling and monitoring 3-11

3.8.2 Noise quality Monitoring Locations 3-12

3.8.3 Ambient Noise Standards 3-12

3.8.4 Results 3-12


3.9 Soil Environment 3-13

3.9.1 Soil Sampling Locations 3-13

3.9.2 Methodology 3-13

3.9.3 Corollaries 3-14


3.10 Biological Environment 3-15

3.10.1 Period of the Study 3-16

3.10.2 Study methodology 3-16

3.10.3 Floral species in the study area 3-16

3.10.4 Fauna in the study area 3-16

3.11 Socio-Economic Environment 3-16

3.11.1 Objective of the study 3-17

3.11.2 Land use pattern and infrastructure 3-17

3.11.3 Demographic and Socio-economic Environment 3-18

3.11.4 Living Standard and Infrastructure 3-18



Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts &

Mitigation Measures

4.1 General 4-1

4.2 Identification of Impact 4-2

4.2.1 Identification of Environmental Attributes 4-2

4.3 Impact on Topography 4-2

4.4 Impact on Air Environment 4-3

4.4.1 Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling of Stack Emissions 4-4

4.4.2 Micrometeorology 4-5

4.4.3 Input Data 4-6

4.4.4 Receptor Network 4-6

4.4.5 Output of model (24-hourly GLCs) 4-6

4.4.6 Incremental & cumulative concentration of

pollutants

4-6


4.5 Impact on Water Environment 4-7

4.6 Impact on Noise Environment 4-8

4.7 Impact on Land Environment 4-9

4.8 Impact on Biological Environment 4-10

4.9 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment 4-11

4.10 Impact on Occupational Health & Safety 4-12

Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Prologue 5-1

5.2 Site Alternative 5-1

5.3 Process Alternative 5-2

Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 Prelude 6-1

6.2 Objective of Monitoring Plan 6-1

6.3 Schedules for Environment Monitoring 6-1

6.3.1 Monitoring Schedule during Operation Phase 6-2

6.3.2 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of

Environmental Monitoring

6-3

6.4 Environment Monitoring Program 6-3

6.4.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis 6-3

6.4.2 Monitoring of wastewater Streams 6-4

6.4.3 Noise Levels 6-4

6.5 Reposting Schedules of the Monitoring Data 6-5



Chapter 7 Additional Studies

(A) Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment 7-1


7.2 Risk Assessment – Identification of Hazards 7-1

7.3 Hazardous Material Storage 7-3

7.4 Risk Screening Approach 7-4

7.4.1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLS) 7-9

7.4.2 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs) 7-9

7.4.3 Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) 7-10

7.4.4 Handling of Phosgene 7-11

7.5 QRA Approach 7-13

7.6 Thermal Hazards 7-14

7.7 Damage due to Explosion 7-15

7.8 Toxic Release 7-16

7.9 Data Limitations 7-16

7.10 Likely Failure Scenarios 7-16

(B) Quantitative Risk Assessment & Consequence

Analysis

7-17

7.11 Preamble 7-17

7.11.1 Weather Effect 7-18

7.12 Incidents Impacts 7-18

7.13 Consequential Impacts 7-22

7.13.1 Thermal and Explosion Hazards 7-23

7.13.2 Toxic Hazards 7-23

7.13.3 Other Hazards 7-23

7.13.4 Other Toxic Hazards 7-23

7.14 Occupational Health 7-23

7.14.1 Treatment of workers affected by accidental spillage

of chemicals

7-24

7.15 Conclusion & Recommendations 7-25

7.16 Action plan for handling & safety system of

chemical

7-27

7.16.1 Safety Measures for Transportation and Unloading

of Hazardous Chemicals

7-27

7.16.2 Safety Measures for Storage/Handling of Hazardous

Chemicals

7-27

7.16.3 Safety Measures for Process Units 7-28

7.16.4 Safety Measures for Preventive Maintenance 7-28



7.16.5 Safety measures to prevent spillage/leakage of

toxic chemicals

7-29

7.17 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of

workers engaged in handling of toxic materials

7-29

7.18 Disaster Management Plan (DMP) 7-31

7.18.1 Definitions 7-32

7.18.2 Objective of the Disaster Management Plan 7-33

7.19 On-site Emergency Plan 7-34

7.19.1 Incident Controller 7-34

7.19.1.1 Duties of Incident Controller 7-34

7.19.2 Site Main Controller 7-35

7.19.2.1 Duties of Site Main Controller 7-35

7.19.3 Other Key Personnel 7-36

7.19.3.1 Emergency Response Team 7-36

7.19.3.2 Emergency Personnel’s Responsibilities Outside

Normal Working Hours of the Factory.

7-36

7.19.3.3 Assembly Points 7-36

7.19.4 Emergency Control Centre 7-37

7.19.4.1 Role of Emergency Control Centre 7-37

7.19.5 Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements 7-37

7.19.6 Medical Arrangements 7-38

7.19.7 Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements 7-38

7.20 Communication System 7-38

7.20.1 Declaring the Emergency 7-38

7.20.1.1 Type of Sirens 7-38

7.20.1.2 Location of Siren 7-39

7.20.1.3 Raising Alarm 7-39

7.20.2 Internal Communication 7-40

7.20.2.1 Availability of Key Personnel outside Normal

Working Hours

7-40

7.20.3 Communication to the Authorities 7-40

7.21 Pre-emergency activities 7-41

7.22 Post-Emergency Activities 7-41

7.22.1 Evacuation and Transportation 7-41

7.22.2 Safe Close Down 7-42

7.22.3 Use of Mutual Aid 7-42

7.22.4 Use of External Authorities 7-42



7.22.5 Medical Treatment 7-42

7.22.6 Accounting for Personnel 7-42

7.22.7 Access to Records 7-42

7.22.8 Public Relations 7-42

7.22.9 Rehabilitation 7-42

7.23 Causes of Emergency 7-43

7.23.1 Risk 7-43

7.23.1.1 Nature 7-43

7.23.1.2 Various Emergency Actions 7-43

7.23.1.3 Response Time-Minutes 7-44

7.24 Off-site Emergency Plan 7-44

7.24.1 Need of the Site Emergency Plan 7-44

7.24.2 Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan 7-45

7.24.3 Role of the Factory Management 7-45

7.24.4 Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO) 7-45

7.24.5 Role of Local Authority 7-45

7.24.6 Role of Fire Authorities 7-45

7.24.7 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities 7-45

7.24.8 Role of Health Authorities 7-46

7.24.9 Role of Mutual Aid Agencies 7-46

7.24.10 Role of Factory Inspectorate 7-46

7.25 Mock Drills and Records 7-46

7.25.1 Need of Rehearsal & Training 7-46

7.25.2 Some Check Points 7-46

7.25.3 Records and Updating the Plan 7-46

Chapter 8 Project Benefits


8.2 Improvements in Physical Infrastructure 8-1

8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 8-1

8.4 Employment Potential 8-2

8.5 Other Tangible Benefits 8-2

Chapter 9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 9-1

Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan


10.2 Environmental Management During Construction

Phase

10-1



10.2.1 Air and Noise Environment 10-2

10.2.2 Water Environment 10-2

10.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment 10-2

10.2.4 Safety and Health 10-2

10.3 Environmental Management during Operational

Phase

10-2

10.3.1 Air Pollution Management 10-3

10.3.1.1 Source of air pollution and control measures 10-3

10.3.1.2 Measures for Solvent Recovery 10-3

10.3.1.3 Odour Control Plan 10-4


10.3.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 10-6

10.3.4 Noise Control 10-7

10.3.5 Green Belt Development 10-7

10.3.6 Occupational Health & Safety Plan 10-10

10.4 Post-Project Environmental Monitoring 10-12

10.4.1 Details of Work Place Air Quality Monitoring Plan 10-13

10.5 Environment Management Budget Allocation 10-14

10.6 Environmental Management Cell 10-14

10.6.1 Hierarchical Structure of Environmental

Management Cell

10-15

10.6.2 Reporting System of Non Compliances/Violations of

Environmental Norms

10-15

10.7 Resource conservation and cleaner production 10-16

10.8 Socio-economic activities 10-16

Chapter 11 Summary & Conclusion

11.1 Project Description 11-1

11.1.1 Brief details of the project 11-1

11.1.2 Investment of the project 11-2

11.1.3 Product profile 11-2

11.2 Description of Environment 11-7

11.2.1 Baseline Environmental Study 11-7

11.2.2 Air Environment 11-7


11.2.4 Noise Environment 11-10

11.2.5 Soil Quality 11-10

11.2.6 Biological Environment 11-10



11.2.7 Socio-Economic Environment 11-10

11.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures

11-10

11.3.1 Impact on Air quality & Mitigation measures 11-11

11.3.2 Impact on Water Environment & Mitigation

measures

11-11

11.3.3 Impact on Noise quality & Mitigation measures 11-11

11.3.4 Impact on Land & Mitigation measures 11-12

11.3.5 Impact on Socio Economy & Mitigation measures 11-12

11.3.6 Impact on Ecology 11-12

11.4 Environment Monitoring Programme 11-12

11.5 Additional Studies 11-13

11.5.1 Risk Assessment 11-13

11.6 Project Benefits 11-13

11.7 Environmental Management Plan 11-13

11.8 Conclusion 11-15

Chapter-12 Disclosure of Consultant engaged

12.1 Preface 12-1

12.2 Details of EIA Consultant Organization 12-1



List of Tables

Table

No.

Name Page No.

1.1 List of Products with its capacity 1-4

1.2 Details of Co-ordinates of all four corners of the site 1-9

1.3 List of industries in 10 km radius of project site 1-26

2.1 Land breakup 2-2

2.2 Location Details 2-2

2.3 Product Details 2-3

2.4 List of Proposed Machineries 2-8

2.5 Utility details 2-12

2.6 Raw Material Consumption details 2-19

2.7 Break up of water consumption & wastewater generation 2-37

2.8 Wastewater quality 2-38

2.9 Details of Stacks 2-39

2.9(A) Estimated emission from stacks 2-40

2.9(B) Estimated work area quality of chemicals with TLV/TWA

limit

2-41

2.9(C) Source of Fuel 2-41

2.10 Technical specification of Boiler 2-42

2.11 Technical specification of Scrubber 2-43

2.12 Details of Hazardous Waste 2-45

2.13 Estimated Characteristics of Hazardous waste 2-47

3.1 Land use statistics work out based on satellite imagery 3-3

3.2 Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data 3-4

3.3 Meteorological Data 3-4

3.4 Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring 3-6

3.5 Sampling locations with source & date of sampling 3-9

3.6 Monitoring Methodology of Noise 3-12

3.7 Location of soil sampling 3-13

3.8 Methodology of Soil Sample analysis 3-13

3.9 Methods used for sampling of flora and fauna 3-16

3.10 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-20

3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status 3-21

3.12 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) 3-22

3.13 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5) 3-23



3.14 Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) 3-24

3.15 Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) 3-25

3.16 Ambient Air Quality Status (CO, HC (Methane & Non-

methane Hydrocarbon), HCl, NH3, & Cl2)

3-26

3.17 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-27

3.18 Results of Ground water Quality in the Study Area 3-29

3.19 Results of Surface water Quality in the Study Area 3-30

3.20 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water 3-31

3.21 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-32

3.22 Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise 3-32

3.23 Soil Analysis of Study area 3-33

3.24 Floral Diversity 3-34

3.25 Faunal Diversity 3-36

3.26 Traffic Survey 3-39

3.27 Land Use Pattern 3-40

3.28 Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography) 3-41

3.29 Basic amenities in the study area 3-42

4.1 Input data for air quality modeling 4-14

4.2 Cumulative Concentrations at various locations 4-15

4.3 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM 4-16

4.4 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2 4-17

4.5 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx 4-18

4.6 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for PPM 4-19

4.7 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl 4-20

4.8 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for Cl2 4-21

4.9 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NH3 4-22

6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan 6-6

6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring

Plan

6-7

7.1 Bulk Storage of Hazardous Chemicals 7-4

7.2 Hazard Analysis- Raw materials 7-5

7.3 Risk Classification 7-13

7.4 Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity 7-14

7.5 Thermal Radiation Impact to Human 7-15

7.6 Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects 7-15

7.7 Damage due to Overpressure 7-15

7.8 Different Failure Scenarios 7-16



7.9 Hazard Scenario Impact 7-18

10.1 Details of solvent to be used 10-4

10.2 Environment Monitoring Plan 10-13

10.3 Budget Allocation for Environment Management 10-14

10.4 Budgetary provisions for the social upliftment 10-17



List of Figures

Figure No.

Name Page No.

1.1 Location Map of the project site 1-27

1.2 Google map of 10 km radius 1-28

1.3 Image showing all four boundary coordinates of the site 1-29

2.1 Water Balance Diagram 2-48

2.2 ETP flow diagram, Unit I 2-49

2.3 Incinerator Process flow, Unit I 2-50

2.4 MEE process flow diagram 2-51

2.5 Plant Layout 2-52

3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality 3-21

3.2 Graphical representation for PM10 3-22

3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5 3-23

3.4 Graphical representation for SO2 3-24

3.5 Graphical representation for NOX 3-25

3.6 Location of AAQM 3-45

3.7 Wind Rose Diagram 3-46

3.8 Water sampling Locations 3-47

3.9 Locations of Noise monitoring station 3-48

3.10 Locations of Soil Sampling 3-49

3.11 Land use pattern of the study area (Satellite Imagery) 3-50

3.12 Toposheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius (1:25,000 scale)

3-51

3.13 Toposheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius (1:50,000 scale)

3-52

4.1 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for SPM 4-23

4.2 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for SO2 4-24

4.3 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for NOx 4-25

4.4 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for PPM 4-26

4.5 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for HCl 4-27

4.6 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for Cl2 4-28

4.7 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for NH3 4-29

7.1 Isobutylene Spillage & Fire - Thermal Impact Zone 7-18

7.2 Isobutylene Spillage & Evaporation - Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

7-19

7.3 Liquid Ammonia Spillage & Evaporation—Toxic Impact Zone (Stability Class-D)

7-19



7.4 Liquid Ammonia Spillage & Evaporation—Toxic Impact

Zone (Stability Class-F)

7-20

7.5 Bromine Release Impact Zone (Stability Class D) 7-20

7.6 Bromine Release Impact Zone (Stability Class F) 7-21

7.7 Hexane Burning Puddle-Thermal Radiation Impact Zone 7-21

7.8 Hexane Burning Puddle-Thermal Radiation Impact Zone 7-22

7.9 Dimethyl Sulfate Spillage-Toxic Impact Zone 7-22

10.1 Environmental Management Cell 10-15



List of Annexures Annexure No. Annexure Name Page No.

Annexure-I NABET/QCI Certificate A-1

Annexure-II Manufacturing process, chemical reaction & mass balance of all products

A-2

Annexure-III Photographs of proposed site A-146

Annexure-IV Plot allotment letter A-148

Annexure-V EHS policy of the company A-149

Annexure-VI Undertaking from project proponent A-150

Annexure-VII Material safety data sheet A-151

Annexure-VIII Undertaking from consultant A-231

Annexure-IX Copy of Terms of Reference (TOR) A-232


EIA Report of PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) 1-1

Chapter-1

Introduction

1.1 PREFACE

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the

possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on

the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and

economic aspects. It is an assessment and management tool that

evaluates the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project

may have on the environment. EIA systematically examines both

beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that

these effects are taken into account during project design. The purpose of

the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing

environmental impacts when deciding to proceed with a project.

As India is a developing country, lot of industrialization has come in focus

since last few decades that ultimately leads to the bigger issues related to

environmental quality of the country. Hence, it is needful for Government

of India to control the haphazard industrial development by providing for

sustainable for sustainable development through legislative measures.

In India, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change has defined

elaborated „Environmental Clearance (EC)‟ framework along with

requirements for preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (Environmental Impact

Assessment Notification, 2006) for establishing/expanding an industry/

development projects, it supports development but only if the

development does not hamper the environment over a defined threshold

limit.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Industrial development in India has increased economic growth and

improved living standards of people. These growths are achieved through

industrialization and infrastructure development. Industrialization has

played a major role in development of the country. It also has many

other benefits. Industrial development leads to rapid consumption of

natural resources, fuel etc. in day to day operational activity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment



These developmental activities while deteriorating resources increase

emissions of waste. To control the pollutions from industrial activity,

government has framed regulations which are governed by Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change in India (MoEF&CC). Environment

Impact analysis is mandatory as per the Environment Impact Assessment

(EIA) Notification issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi dated 14th September,

2006 and its amendment thereof; for setting up a new projects or

activities, or expansion or modernization of existing projects or activities

based on their potential environmental impacts as indicated in the

Schedule to the notification, being undertaken in any part of India, unless

prior environmental clearance has been accorded.

Proposed activity of M/s. PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) falls under the

schedule 5(b) Pesticide and pesticide intermediates (except formulation)

along with fine chemicals covered under 5(f) hence categorized under

“A”. Therefore, unit requires Environmental Clearance for proposed

project.

EIA Consultant

In view of the above, legal aspect and monitoring work has been carried

out for all the environmental attributes by M/s. San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.,

Ahmedabad. Draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)/Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) have been prepared after obtaining Terms of

References (TORs) from Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate

Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi. EIA/EMP report incorporating the Terms

of References will be submitted to MoEF&CC for Environment Clearance.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific criteria

M/s. PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) has proposed to set a new unit at Plot No.

SPM 29/2, Vill: Sarod, Tal: Jambusar Dist: Bharuch. Following points are

justifying the project:

Availability of adequate land for proposed activities.

Availability of all essential facilities like infrastructure,

communication, medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled &

skilled manpower, raw materials, road network etc.

As the project is in SEZ, no Rehabilitation & Resettlement is required.



Nearest city Vadodara is @ 43.0 km away from the location, which is

having connectivity with other parts of the country by road, rail & air.

The unit is well connected with State Highway and National Highway.

Availability of good communication and transportation facilities.

Easy availability of skilled and unskilled labour for construction of

plant and its operation.

No National park or wildlife Habitat falls within 10 km radial distance

from the project site.

1.3.2 Project Identification with respect to category

As per the EIA Notification, 2006 and amendment thereof; the proposed

activity is covered under 5(b) - Pesticide and pesticide intermediate &

5(f) - Synthetic organic Chemicals.

1.3.3 Project Proponent

Mr. Salil Singhal has been spearheading the Company on its growth

path since 1979 and currently serves as Chairman Emeritus on Board of

PI. He is credited with Company‟s early adoption of an global outlook and

ingraining a strong value system within the Company. He has been

involved in shaping many agriculture-related policy issues and has

addressed many Seminars and Conferences both in India and abroad. He

also serves on the Boards of Wolkem India Ltd., Historic Resorts Hotels

Pvt. Ltd., The Lake Palace Hotels and Motels Pvt. Ltd., Secure Meters

Ltd., Somany Ceramics Ltd., PILL Finance and Investment Ltd., Usha

Martin Ltd. and Mahindra World City (Jaipur) Ltd.

Highly reputed and a renowned name in the Agro Chemical Industry, he

is Co-Chairman of CII‟s National Council on Agriculture besides being a

member of its National Council for the past 8 years. Mr. Singhal was the

Chairman of the Pesticides Association of India (rechristened Crop Care

Federation of India) for 20 years and is its Chairman Emeritus. In the

past, he has been a member of the Executive Committee of FICCI and

also the Chairman of its Environment Committee for 5 years, the

Chairman of the Northern Region of CII and the Chairman of the National

Council for MSMEs.



1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.4.1 Nature of the Project

The proposed unit is pesticide, pesticide intermediates & fine chemical

manufacturing unit. List of raw materials to be used are given in Table

2.6 of Chapter-2. Generated wastewater will be treated in ETP &

incinerator of adjacent sister concern unit of PI, Unit-I and final disposal

to SEZ common sump. Hazardous waste generation is given in Table

2.12 of Chapter-2.

1.4.2 Size of the project

Production details are given below:

Table: 1.1 List of products with its capacity

Sr. No.

Common Name IUPAC Name Quantity (MTPA)

Insecticides and Intermediates 4800

1 Amino Triazines

a THM Bis (1,2,3 - Trithiacyclohexyl Dimethyl Ammonium) Oxalate

2 Diamides

a Flub 3-Iodo-N2-(2-Methyl-1-(Methyl sulfonyl)

Propan-2-yl)-N1-(2-Methyl-4-(Perfluoropropan-2-yl) phenyl) Phthalamide

b SOD N2-(2-Methyl-1-(Methylsulfinyl)propan-2-yl)-N1-(2-Methyl- 4 - (perfluoropropan-2-yl)

phenyl) phthalamide

c MMTPA/SAA 2-Methyl 1-Methylthio-2-Propanamine

3 Hydazinopyridine

a CHDP 3-Chloro-2-Hydrazino Pyridine

4 Nicotinamides

a TFNA 2,6-Dichloro-4-(Trifluromethyl) pyridine-3-

Carbonitrile

5 Nitroguanidines

a BNHT 5-Benzyl-1-Methyl, 2-Nitro 2 imino-tetrahydro 1, 3, 5-trizan.

b AETF 3-Amino methyl Tetrahydrofuran

6 Organophosphorus Insecticide

a MTN 3-(Dimethoxy Phosphinothioyl sulfanyl methyl) -5-Methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one

7 Phenyl organo thiophosphate

a PTF (RS)-(O-2,4-Dichlorophenyl O-Ethyl S-Propyl Phosphorodithioate)

8 Phthalimides

a PMT Phosmet

9 Pyrazole-diamides

a Q4039 3-Methyl Antranilic Acid

b YB449 3-Methyl-2-Nitrobenzoic acid



c DPX 2-Amino-5-Chloro-N,3-Dimethyl Benzamide

d BPCA 3-Bromo-1-(3-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-Carboxylic Acid

10 Quinazoline

a FNZQ 3-[2-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) phenyl] ethoxy] Quinazoline

11 Quinolinyl carbonate

a FMTQ 2-Ethyl-3,7-Dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy]-4-Quinolyl

Methyl Carbonate

12 Thiazolidines

a CCITM Dimethyl Cyano Dithioimido Carbonate

b CCMP 2-Chloro-5-Chloromethyl Pyridine

Herbicides and Intermediates 5650

1 Alkylazines

a DMI 2,6-Dimethylindanone

b DMAI 2,6-Dimethyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine

2 Amide-triazolones

a IAT 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one, 4-amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-

3 Aryloxyphenoxy propionates

a FPES Ethyl(2R)-2-{4-[6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy] phenoxy} propanoate

4 Benzoyl cyclohexanediones

a AE 473 (2-{2-chloro-4-mesyl-3-[(RS)]-tetrahydro-2-

furylmethoxymethyl} benzoyl)-cyclohexane-1, 3-Dione)

b Tembutrion 2-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}cyclohexane-

1,3-dione

c 747 Either 2-Chloro-4-(methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl] Benzoic acid

d 2C6SMT 3-Chloro-2-Methylthioanisole

5 Furanones

a FLURT 5-(Methylamino)-2-Phenyl-4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl) phenyl] furan-3(2H)-one

6 Intermediate of Herbicide

a MTAA Methyl (methylthio) Acetate

7 Active nitrile Herbicide

a PYCL 1-(3-Chloro-4,5,6,7-tetra hydropyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-2-yl)-5-[methyl (prop-2-

ynyl)amino] pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

8 Oxazinones

a MY-100 3-[1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one

9 Oxazoles

a Lake Palace 3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl) methyl]

sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole

10 Oxazolidinediones



a KPP Pantoxazone

11 Phosphinates

a MPBS Methyldichlorophosphine

12 Pyrimidinediones

a PCM N-(2 Chloro-4 Fluoro-5-((ethoxy carbonyl)-

amino)-benzoyl)-N-iso-propyl-N-methyl-sulfamid

b EATB Ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate

13 Pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid

a Bispyribac sodium 2,6-bis(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid

14 Pyrimidinylsulfonylurea

a FRSF N,N-Dimethyl-2-[ N-[ N-(4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidin-2-yl)-Amino carbonyl] Amino

sulfonyl]-4-(N-formylamino) benzamide, sodium salt

b ESPS 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridine sulfonamide

15 Sulfonylurea

a AMSB(Mesylamide) Methyl 2-Amino-4-{[(methyl sulfonyl)amino] methyl} benzoate

b OTMA 2-(Trifluoro Methoxy) Aniline

16 Triazines

a CNZ Cyanazine

17 Triazopyrimidine sulfonamides

a DTPBS N-(5,8-Dimethoxy [1,2,4] Triazolo [1,5-c] pyrimidine-2-yl)-2-Fluoro-6-(Trifluoro

Methyl) Benzene Sulfonamide

Fungicides and intermediates 3550

1 Active amide Fungicides

a SSF-126/OXIME (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-Methyl-2-(2-

Phenoxy Phenyl) Acetamide

b TRFRN N,N'-[1,4-Piperazinediyl-bis(2,2,2-Trichloro Ethylidene)]-Bis-[Formamide]

c FNXL N-(1-Cyano-1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4—Dichlorophenoxy) Propanamide

d MIPD (1E)-1-(2,5,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)

Propane -1,2-dione 1-(O-Methyloxime)

e ORST Orysastrobin

2 Benzamides

a ZXMD (RS)-3,5-Dichloro-N-(3-Chloro-1-Ethyl-1-

Methyl-2-Oxopropyl)-p-Toluamide

3 Carboxamides

a AMB 3,4,5-Trifluoro-Amino biphenyl

4 Organophosphates

a KTZ(Kitazin) S-benzyl O,O-Diisopropyl Phosphorothioate

5 Pyridine Fungicides

a CTPE 2-[3-Chloro-5-(Trifluoro methyl) Pyridin-2-

yl] Ethanamine

6 Pyrimidines

a AZST Methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-Cyanophenoxy)



pyrimidin-4-yloxy] phenyl}-3-Methoxy acrylate

7 Quinoxalines

a CMTH 4-(Methoxy-6-(trifluoro methyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

8 Triazoles

a IPCZ (1RS, 2SR, 5RS; 1RS, 2SR, 5SR)-2-(4-

Chlorobenzyl)-5-Isopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) Cyclopentanol

b FTL 1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(1, 2, 4-Triazol-1-yl) Ethanol

c FOX 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-Fluoro phenyl)

Oxirane

d IBCZ (4-Chlorophenyl) Methyl N-(2,4-

Dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-Ethanimidothioate

Fine Chemicals 7500

1 Substituted Anthraanilic acid

a ACBM 2-Amino-3-Chlorobenzoic Acid Methyl Ester

2 Substituted 1,2,4-Triazole

a AMT 5-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol

3 Substituted tetrahydo pyran

a ATHP 1-(Tetrahydropyran-4-yl) Ethanone

4 Dimethyl halo substituted benzene

a CDMA 4-Chloro-2,6-Dimethyl Aniline

b CDMB 4-Chloro 2,6-Dimethyl-Bromo benzene.

5 Substituted cyclopropyl ethanone

a CPFK 1-Cyclopropy-2(2 Fluorophenyl) Ethanone

6 Substituted alkyl diamine

a DAEEA N,N'-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Ethylene Diamine

7 Substituted dihalo pyridine

a DCTFP 2,3-Dichloro-5-(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine

8 Subsituted dimethyl dioxane methanol

a DHD 2, 2-Dimethyl-5-Hydroxymethyl-1, 3-

Dioxane

9 Substituted Butanone

a DMB 4,4-Dimethoxy-2-Butanone

10 Substituted Butanoic acid

a EMBA 2-Ethyl-2-Methyl Butanoic acid

11 Substituted Hydrazine

a MMH Mono Methyl Hydrazine

b UDMH 1,1,-Dimethyl Hydrazine

C SDMH 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine

12 Substituted Phenothiazine

a 10-H Phenotiazine 10-H Phenotiazine

13 Substituted diphenyl ether

a Metaphenoxy benzaldehyde

3-Phenoxy Benzaldehyde

14 Phosgene Carbonyl dichloride



Pyrazoles 5500

1 n-alkyl 3,4,5 sustituted pyrazoles

a PFD N-{3-Isobutyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-

(trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl}-1,3,5- Trimethyl Pyrazole -4- Carboxylic Amide

b TBFN 4-Chloro-N-[[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) Phenyl]

Methyl]-3-Ethyl-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-5-Carboxamide

c TLF Tolfenpyrad

d IBA 3-Isobutylanoline

e OCTOPUSSY 3-[[[5-(Difluoro methoxy)-1-methyl-3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl] methyl] sulfonyl]-4,5-Dihydro-5,5-Dimethyl isoxazole

f MY-71 3-[1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-Methylethyl]-

3,4-Dihydro-6-Methyl-5-Phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one

g MTP 1-Methyl-3-(Trifluro methyl)1H-Pyrazol-5-ol

h DCPA 1,3-Dimethyl-5-Chloro-4-Pyrazolyl Carboxylic Acid Chloride

i CFPA 3,4-Dichloro-5-Fluoro Biphenyl-2-Amine

j ACH 3-(Difluoro Methyl)-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-

Carboxylic Acid

k BDB 4-Bromo- 1,2-Dichloro Benzene

l PRZ Difluoro Methyl-N-Methyl Pyrazolic acid

Fluorospeciality products 2000

1 Fluoro substituted alkyl amine

a DFEA 2,2-Difluoro Ethylamine

Pharma intermediates 1000

1 Substituted triazole carboxylate

a EMTC Ethyl-4-Methyl-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxylate

Specialty Chemicals 1000

1 Substituted cyclohexane carboxylate

a ETMD Methyl cis-1-[2-(2,5-Dimethyl phenyl)-Acetyl

amino]-4-Methoxy-Cyclohexane Carboxylate

2 Hepta Fluoro Alkane

a HFMOP 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro Isopropyl Methyl

Ether

3 Substituted 1,3-dioxalane

a MDO 2,2-Dimethyl-4-Methylene-1,3-Dioxalane

4 Substituted Isobutyrate

a CMIBA Chloromethyl 2-Methyl Propanoate

5 Substitued plenyl ether

a CMTB 2-Chloro-4-(Methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-

trifluoro ethoxy) methyl] Benzoic Acid

Performance Chemicals 13000

1 Substituted phenyl morpholoine Ketone



a PCBM 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-1-one

2 Catecol mixed salt

a Negolyte Titanium Biscatecholate Monopyrogallate Sodium Potassium Salt

New R&D product for Pilot scale 240

Total 44240

Sr. No.

List of By-products Quantity (MTPA)

1 27% NaSH 1000

2 30 % HCl 12000

3 Ammonia Solution 15% 1000

4 H2SO4 300

5 Distill Solvent 6900

6 Sodium Propionate 2400

7 NaBr/MgBr 60000

8 Acetic Acid 1200

9 Orthocresol 300

10 Propionic Acid 900

11 Ammonium Chloride 500

12 HBr 1000

13 Sodium hypochloride solution 900

14 AlCl3 1800

Total 90200

1.4.3 Location of the project

The project is located in Sarod of Bharuch District. The geographical co-

ordinates of the site are 22°10'54.42"N Latitude and 72°47'24.35"E

Longitude. The location of the project site on map is shown in Figure 1.1

and satellite image/Google earth image is shown in Figure 1.2. Boundary

co-ordinates latitude and longitude of all four corners of the site are given

in Table 1.2 and shown in Figure 1.3.

Table 1.2 Details of Co-ordinates of all four corners of the site

Corners Latitude Longitude

A 22°10'48.60"N 72°47'17.70"E

B 22°10'54.51"N 72°47'32.05"E

C 22°11'0.16"N 72°47'29.51"E

D 22°10'54.15"N 72°47'14.31"E

1.5 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The MoEF&CC, CPCB and SPCBs together form the regulatory and

administrative core of the sector. Legislation for environmental protection

in India for chemical industry is mainly EIA Notification-2006, Water



(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act-1974, Air (Prevention & Control of

Pollution) Act-1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,

1977; Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management & Transboundary

Movement) Rules 2016 are major Act/Rules/Notification applicable to

industry.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the EIA study is based on the guideline provided by Ministry

of Environment, Forests & Climate change, Government of India for

structure of environmental impact assessment document.

The scope of the study broadly includes:

Field sampling of environmental attributes at various representative

locations in the study area to establish the baseline status;

Collect & compile secondary data including socio-economic data;

Identification, assessment and evaluation of the beneficial and

adverse impacts on surrounding environment due to proposed

project activities considering the existing baseline status along with

compilation of other information;

Analysis of project proposal and data analysis;

Assessment of pollution potential due to proposed project;

Predict the incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to

the proposed project;

Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental

attributes by using scientifically developed & widely accepted models.

Identification and assessment of risks associated with the proposed

project and their appropriate management through proper Risk

Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

Prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the

predicted impacts; and

Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored

during the project execution and to suggest post project monitoring.

The scope also includes all the conditions outlined in the TOR issued by

MoEF&CC and the compliance to the TOR is given below.



1.7 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

Based on the documents submitted and presentation before 18th Expert

Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) meeting held during 23rd to 25th

January, 2017; Terms of Reference (TOR) was issued by MoEF&CC, dated

29/04/2017, vide TORs letter No. J-11011/6/2017-IA II (I) and directed

to prepare detailed EIA/EMP including following Terms of Reference.

Compliance of TORs is as below:

Sr.

No.

TOR Points Compliance

A. Specific TOR

i Zero Liquid Discharge will be adopted

essentially.

We have requested to EAC for

amend this condition and EAC

has accepted our request and

allowed effluent discharge vide

24th EAC meeting held on 14th

to 16th June, 2017.

ii 24 hr. indoor monitoring of volatile

compounds.

Committed to comply

iii Peripheral greenbelt to be developed

inside the plant boundary as per CPCB

norms.

We have proposed to develop

greenbelt in an area of around

28810 m2, which is 33% of

total project land area. Major

greenbelt develops at

peripheral of the plant.

iv In view of the production quantity and

toxicity of the chemical the EAC

emphasized on the need of public

hearing even though project is located in

a notified industrial estate.

Public hearing is exempted in

our case as per the TOR

amendment letter dated

22.06.2017.

5(b) Standard Terms of Reference for Conducting Environment Impact

Assessment Study for Pesticides Industry and Pesticide Specific

Intermediates (Excluding Formulations) and Information to be

Included in EIA/EMP Report.

A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE

1 Executive Summary Executive summary of the

project is given in Chapter-11

of EIA report.

2 Introduction

i Details of the EIA Consultant including

NABET accreditation.

Details of EIA consultant is

given in chapter-12 „Disclosure

of Consultant engaged‟.

NABET accreditation certificate

is enclosed as Annexure-I.

ii Information about the project Pls. refer sec. 1.3.3, page no.



proponent. 1-3 of chapert-1 for details of

project proponent.

iii Importance and benefits of the project. It is described in chapter-8 of

EIA report.

3 Project Description

i Cost of project and time of completion. Pls. refer sec. 2.4, page no. 2-2

of chapter-2.

Time of completion of

project: Around 6-8 months

after accordance of EC.

ii Products with capacities for the

proposed project.

Pls. refer table 2.3, page no. 2-

3 of chapter-2 for product

details with capacity.

iii If expansion project, details of existing

products with capacities and whether

adequate land is available for expansion,

reference of earlier EC if any.

This is a greenfield project.

iv List of raw materials required and their

source along with mode of

transportation.


19 of chapter-2 for list of raw

material, its sources along with

mode of transportation.

v Other chemicals and materials required

with quantities and storage capacities.


4 for bulk storage details of

other chemicals.

vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous

waste generation and their

management.

Emission: Pls. refer table 2.9

on page no. 2-39 for sources of

air emission & its APCM details.

Effluent: Pls. refer table 2.7 on

page no. 2-37 for effluent qty.

Effluent will be treated in

adjacent sister concern unit of

PI, Unit-I. ETP diagram is given

in figure 2.2, page no. 2-49.

Hazardous waste: Pls. refer

table 2.12 on page no. 2-45 for

Haz. waste generation & its

management.

vii Requirement of water, power, with

source of supply, status of approval,

water balance diagram, man-power

requirement (regular and contract).

Pls. refer sec. 2.12, page no. 2-

11 of chapter-2 for all the

details.

viii Process description along with major

equipments and machineries, process

flow sheet (quantitate) from raw

material to products to be provided.

Pls. refer Annexure-II for

process description, process

flow diagram of all products.


9 of chapter-2 for major

equipment & machineries.



ix Hazard identification and details of

proposed safety systems.


5. Its safety system is given in

sec. 7.16, page no. 7-27.

x Expansion/modernization proposals:

a. Copy of all the Environmental

Clearance(s) including Amendments

thereto obtained for the project from

MoEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an

Annexure. A certified copy of the latest

Monitoring Report of the Regional Office

of the Ministry of Environment and

Forests as per circular dated 30th May,

2012 on the status of compliance of

conditions stipulated in all the existing

environmental clearances including

Amendments shall be provided. In

addition, status of compliance of

Consent to Operate for the ongoing/

existing operation of the project from

SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP

report.

Not applicable as this is a new

unit.

b. In case the existing project has not

obtained environmental clearance,

reasons for not taking EC under the

provisions of the EIA Notification 1994

and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be

provided. Copies of Consent to

Establish/No Objection Certificate and

Consent to Operate (in case of units

operating prior to EIA Notification 2006,

CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained

from the SPCB shall be submitted.

Further, compliance report to the

conditions of consents from the SPCB

shall be submitted.

Not applicable as this is a new

unit.

4 Site Details

i Location of the project site covering

village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State,

Justification for selecting the site,

whether other sites were considered.

Location of the project site

covering village, Taluka/Tehsil,

District and State on Indian

map is attached as figure 1.1,

page no. 1-27 of chapter-1.

ii A toposheet of the study area of radius

of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/

1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet

(including all eco-sensitive areas and

environmentally sensitive places).

Toposheet of study area with

site location on 1:25,000 scale

followed by 1:50,000 scale of a

circle of a radius of 10 kms is

incorporated in EIA/EMP report.

Pls. refer figure no. 3.12 & 3.13



on page no. 3-51 & 3-52.

iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for

selection of site.

Justification of site selection is

given in sec. 5.2, page no. 5-1

of chapter-5.

iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four

corners of the site.

Coordinates (Lat long) of all

four corners of the site is given

in sec. 1.4.3 & figure 1.3, page

no. 1-9 & 1-29 of chapter-1.

v Google map-Earth downloaded of the

project site.

Google map of 10 km radius is

attached as figure 1.2 on page

no. 1-28 of chapter-1.

vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as

well as proposed unit indicating storage

area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities

etc. If located within an Industrial area/

Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial

Area indicating location of unit within

the Industrial area/Estate.

Layout map indicating proposed

set up as well as storage area,

plant area, greenbelt area,

utilities etc. are given as figure

2.5, page no. 2-52 of chapter-

2.

vii Photographs of the proposed and

existing (if applicable) plant site. If

existing, show photographs of

plantation/greenbelt, in particular.

Photographs of proposed plant

site are attached as Annexure-

III.

viii Land use break-up of total land of the

project site (identified and acquired),

government/private - agricultural,

forest, wasteland, water bodies,

settlements, etc. shall be included. (not

required for industrial area).

Details of total land & its

breakup are given in table 2.1,


ix A list of major industries with name and

type within study area (10km radius)

shall be incorporated. Land use details

of the study area.

List of industries (name and

type of industries) located

within 10 km radius is

mentioned in sec. 1.11, page

no. 1-26 of chapter-1.

Land use details of the study

area based on satellite

imaginary is given in Table 3.1,

page no. 3-3.

x Geological features and Geo-hydrological

status of the study area shall be

included.

Hydrogeological status of the

study area is given in sec. 3.6;


xi Details of Drainage of the project up to

5km radius of study area. If the site is

within 1 km radius of any major river,

peak and lean season river discharge as

well as flood occurrence frequency

based on peak rainfall data of the past

30 years. Details of Flood Level of the

There is no river & flood Hazard

zone within 1 km radius from

the site.

This project is not covered

under the Mega green field

projects hence this point is not



project site and maximum Flood Level of

the river shall also be provided. (mega

green field projects).

applicable.

xii Status of acquisition of land. If

acquisition is not complete, stage of the

acquisition process and expected time of

complete possession of the land.

Total land is purchased from

SEZ. Plot allotment letter is

attached as Annexure-IV.

xiii R&R details in respect of land in line with

state Government policy.

Proposal is in the notified

industrial area hence no R&R is

required.

5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):

i Permission and approval for the use of

forest land (forestry clearance), if any,

and recommendations of the State

Forest Department. (if applicable)

No forest land is involved hence

permission from State Forest

Department is not required.

ii Land use map based on High resolution

satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed

site delineating the forestland (in case of

projects involving forest land more than

40 ha).

Not applicable as no forest land

is involved.

iii Status of Application submitted for

obtaining the stage I forestry clearance

along with latest status shall be

submitted.

Not applicable

iv The projects to be located within 10 km

of the National Parks, Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors

of Wild Animals, the project proponent

shall submit the map duly authenticated

by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these

features vis-à-vis the project location

and the recommendations or comments

of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.

None of mentioned eco

sensitive area falls within the

10 km radius from the project

boundary hence map duly

authenticated by Chief Wildlife

Warden showing these features

vis-à-vis the project location

and the recommendations or

comments of the Chief Wildlife

Warden is not required in this

project.

v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly

authenticated by the Chief Wildlife

Warden of the State Government for

conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any

exists in the study area.

Not applicable as Schedule I

fauna not found/exists in the

study area.

vi Copy of application submitted for

clearance under the Wildlife (Protection)

Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of

the National Board for Wildlife.

Not applicable

6 Environmental Status

i Determination of atmospheric inversion Site-specific micro-



level at the project site and site-specific

micrometeorological data using

temperature, relative humidity, hourly

wind speed and direction and rainfall.

meteorological data for a

season are given in sec. 3.4.1

on page no. 3-4.

ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8

locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO

and other parameters relevant to the

project shall be collected. The

monitoring stations shall be based CPCB

guidelines and take into account the

pre-dominant wind direction, population

zone and sensitive receptors including

reserved forests.

AAQ data at 8 locations are

tabulated in table no. 3.12 to

3.16 on page no. 3-22 to 3-26.

Figure 3.7 shows Air monitoring

stations on page no. 3-46.

iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12

weeks of all stations as per frequency

given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov.

2009 along with - min., max., average

and 98% values for each of the AAQ

parameters from data of all AAQ stations

should be provided as an annexure to

the EIA Report.

AAQM of all station is

summarized in table no. 3.11 to

3.16 on page no. 3-21 to 3-26

of EIA report.

iv Surface water quality of nearby River

(100m upstream and downstream of

discharge point) and other surface

drains at eight locations as per CPCB/

MoEF&CC guidelines.

This point is not applicable in

our case as no river is passing

in the vicinity and unit is going

to discharge treated

wastewater to SEZ common

sump which takes it to ECP

channel.

However, we have taken

samples of available surface

water sources. Pls. refer table

3.19, page no. 3-30 of chapter-

3 for surface water quality.

v Whether the site falls near to polluted

stretch of river identified by the CPCB/

MoEF&CC, if yes give details.

Not applicable, site does not fall

near to polluted stretch of river

identified by the CPCB/

MoEF&CC.

vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at

8 locations shall be included.

Ground water monitoring at 8

locations is given in Table 3.18,


vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations

within the study area.

Noise level monitoring is given

in Table 3.21, page no. 3-32 of

chapter-3.

viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB

guidelines.

Soil Characteristic is given in

Table 3.23, page no. 3-33 of

chapter-3.

ix Traffic study of the area, type of Traffic study of the area is



vehicles, frequency of vehicles for

transportation of materials, additional

traffic due to proposed project, parking

arrangement etc.

given in Table 3.26, page no. 3-

39 of chapter-3.

x Detailed description of flora and fauna

(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the

study area shall be given with special

reference to rare, endemic and

endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna

are found within the study area, a

Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be

prepared and furnished.

Description of flora is given in

Table 3.24, page no. 3-34 and

fauna is given in table 3.25,


xi Socio-economic status of the study area. Pls. refer sec. 3.11, page no. 3-

16 of chapter-3 for socio-

economic status of the study

area.

7 Impact and Environment Management Plan

i Assessment of ground level

concentration of pollutants from the

stack emission based on site-specific

meteorological features. In case the

project is located on a hilly terrain, the

AQIP modelling shall be done using

inputs of the specific terrain

characteristics for determining the

potential impacts of the project on the

AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of

emissions (including transportation) on

the AAQ of the area shall be assessed.

Details of the model used and the input

data used for modelling shall also be

provided. The air quality contours shall

be plotted on a location map showing

the location of project site, habitation

nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

All the points mentioned are

covered in chapter-4 of EIA

report.

Cumulative impact of all

sources of emissions on AAQ of

the area is given in table 4.2,

page no. 4-15.

Pls. refer figure 4.1 to 4.7,

page no. 4-23 to 4-29 for

Isopleths plotted on location

map.

ii Water Quality modelling - in case of

discharge in water body.

Unit is not going to dispose w/w

directly into water body hence

this point is not applicable.

iii Impact of the transport of the raw

materials and end products on the

surrounding environment shall be

assessed and provided. In this regard,

options for transport of raw materials

and finished products and wastes (large

quantities) by rail or rail-cum road

transport or conveyor-cum- rail

transport shall be examined.

The road transport system will

be utilized for this project is

nearby approach road of

Sterling SEZ, which merge with

Village road of Sarod and is

sufficient to accommodate the

additional traffic load of

proposed project. Rail or

conveyor transport system is



not proposed in present

scenario of development.

iv A note on treatment of wastewater from

different plant operations, extent

recycled and reused for different

purposes shall be included. Complete

scheme of effluent treatment.

Characteristics of untreated and treated

effluent to meet the prescribed

standards of discharge under E (P)

Rules.

Pls. refer sec. 2.14.1, page no.

2-14 for effluent treatment

process.

Refer figure 2.1 water balance

on page no. 2-48 for recycle/

reuse details of treated

effluent.


38 for characteristics of

untreated and treated effluent.

v Details of stack emission and action plan

for control of emissions to meet

standards.


39 for stack emission and APCM

details.

vi Measures for fugitive emission control Pl. refer sec. 10.3.1.1, page no.

10-3 for fugitive emission

control details.

vii Details of hazardous waste generation

and their storage, utilization and

management. Copies of MOU regarding

utilization of solid and hazardous waste

in cement plant shall also be included.

EMP shall include the concept of waste-

minimization, recycle/ reuse/ recover

techniques, Energy conservation, and

natural resource conservation.

Pls. refer table 2.12, page no.

2-45 for hazardous waste

generation & management.

Concept of recycle/ reuse/

recover & resource

conservation detail is given in

sec. 10-7; page no. 10-16 of

chapter-10.

viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be

ensured as per Fly Ash Notification,

2009. A detailed plan of action shall be

provided.

No generation of fly ash as

FO/NG is used as fuel.

ix Action plan for the green belt

development plan in 33 % area i.e. land

with not less than 1,500 trees per ha.

Giving details of species, width of

plantation, planning schedule etc. shall

be included. The green belt shall be

around the project boundary and a

scheme for greening of the roads used

for the project shall also be

incorporated.

Detailed greenbelt development

plan is given in sec. 10.3.5,


x Action plan for rainwater harvesting

measures at plant site shall be

submitted to harvest rainwater from the

roof tops and storm water drains to

recharge the ground water and also to

use for the various activities at the

Rainwater harvesting details

are given in sec. 2.17; page no.

2-17 of chapter-2.



project site to conserve fresh water and

reduce the water requirement from

other sources.

xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/

annum for environmental pollution

control measures shall be included.

Total capital cost and recurring

cost/annum for environmental

pollution control measures is

given in table 10.3, page no.

10-14 for chapter-10.

xii Action plan for post-project

environmental monitoring shall be

submitted.

Post-project environmental

monitoring is given in Table

10.2, page no. 10-13.

xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and

Man-made) Preparedness and

Emergency Management Plan including

Risk Assessment and damage control.

Disaster management plan should be

linked with District Disaster Management

Plan.


34 & sec. 7.24, page no. 7-44

of chapter-7.

8 Occupational health

i Plan and fund allocation to ensure the

occupational health & safety of all

contract and casual workers.

It is covered in fund for EMS in

table 10.3, page no. 10-14.

ii Details of exposure specific health status

evaluation of worker. If the workers'

health is being evaluated by pre

designed format, chest x rays,

Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing

(Far & Near vision, colour vision and any

other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-

placement and periodical examinations

give the details of the same. Details

regarding last month analyzed data of

above mentioned parameters as per

age, sex, duration of exposure and

department wise.


10-10 of chapter-10.

iii Details of existing Occupational & Safety

Hazards. What are the exposure levels

of hazards and whether they are within

Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If

these are not within PEL, what measures

the company has adopted to keep them

within PEL so that health of the workers

can be preserved.

Covered in chapter-7, RA

report.

iv Annual report of health status of

workers with special reference to

Occupational Health and Safety.

This is a Greenfield project and

we will carry out required test

covered under the

Occupational, Health & Safety



suggested by factory

inspectorate.

9) Corporate Environment Policy

i Does the company have a well laid down

Environment Policy approved by its

Board of Directors? If so, it may be

detailed in the EIA report.

Yes, Environment policy of the

unit is attached as Annexure-

V.

ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe

for standard operating process/

procedures to bring into focus any

infringement/ deviation/violation of the

environmental or forest norms/

conditions? If so, it may be detailed in

the EIA.

Yes

iii What is the hierarchical system or

Administrative order of the company to

deal with the environmental issues and

for ensuring compliance with the

environmental clearance conditions?

Details of this system may be given.

Details are given in

Environment management cell

sec. 10.6, page no. 10-14.

Hierarchical structure of the

unit is given in figure 10.1,

page no. 10-15.

iv Does the company have system of

reporting of non-compliances/violations

of environmental norms to the Board of

Directors of the company and/or

shareholders or stakeholders at large?

This reporting mechanism shall be

detailed in the EIA report.


10-15 of chapter-10.

10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities

such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to

be provided to the labour force during

construction as well as to the casual

workers including truck drivers during

operation phase.

Unit will provide facilities like

sanitation, fuel, restroom etc.

to the labor during construction

phase of proposed project as

well as to the casual workers

including truck drivers during

the operation phase.

11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)

i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the

project cost) shall be earmarked

towards the Enterprise Social

Commitment based on Public Hearing

issues and item-wise details along with

time bound action plan shall be included.

Socio-economic development activities

need to be elaborated upon.

Industry proposes to allocate

Rs. 9.825 Crore, which is 2.5%

of total project cost; towards

Corporate Social Responsibility.

Proposed CSR activities are

given in sec. 10.8 & table 10.4,

on page no. 10-16 & 10-17.

12. Any litigation pending against the

project and/or any direction/order

passed by any Court of Law against the

project, if so, details thereof shall also

No



be included. Has the unit received any

notice under the Section 5 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or

relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts?

If so, details thereof and compliance/

ATR to the notice(s) and present status

of the case.

13. A tabular chart with index for point wise

compliance of above TOR.

Done

B. Specific Terms of Reference for EIA studies for Pesticides Industry

and Pesticide Specific Intermediates (Excluding Formulations)

1. Commitment that no banned pesticides

will be manufactured.

Commitment of no banned

pesticides will be manufactured

is attached as Annexure-VI.

2. Details on solvents to be used,

measures for solvent recovery and for

emissions control.

Pls. refer sec. 10.3.1.2, page

no. 10-3 for details of solvent &

measures for solvent recovery.

3. Details of process emissions from the

proposed unit and its arrangement to

control.


39 of chapter-2 for details of

process emission and its APCM

proposed to control it.

4. Ambient air quality data should include

VOC, other process-specific pollutants*

like NH3*, chlorine*, HCl*, HBr*, H2S*,

HF*, CS2 etc. (*-as applicable)

Pls. refer table 3.16, page no.

3-26 of chapter-3 for ambient

air quality details.

5. Work zone monitoring arrangements for

hazardous chemicals.

Monitoring programme of hazardous chemical in work

area is given in Table 6.1, page no. 6-6.

6. Detailed effluent treatment scheme

including segregation for units adopting

'Zero' liquid discharge.

Unit has minimized the volume

of effluent disposed by way of

Incineration of concentrated

process effluent, Evaporation of

High TDS/COD stream. Low

concentration stream will be

treated in ETP and final disposal

into Gulf of Cambay via SEZ

sump approved by concern

authorities.

7. Action plan for odour control to be

submitted.

Pls. refer sec. 10.3.1.3, page 10-4 for action plan of odour

control.

8. A copy of the Memorandum of

Understanding signed with cement

manufacturers indicating clearly that

they co-process organic solid/hazardous

waste generated.

Unit will explore the possibility

of co-processing after

commissioning of the plant.



9. Authorization/Membership for the

disposal of liquid effluent in CETP and

solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any.

Treated effluent will be

disposed into SEZ sump which

is finally conveyed to Gulf of

Cambay.

Unit will obtain membership of

TSDF site at the time of

establishment of the plant.

10. Material Safety Data Sheet for all the

Chemicals are being used/will be used.

MSDS of all the major

chemicals are attached as

Annexure-VII.

11. Authorization/Membership for the

disposal of solid/hazardous waste in

TSDF.

Unit will obtain membership of

TSDF site at the time of

establishment of the plant.

12. Details of incinerator if to be installed. Unit is not going to install its

own incinerator hence this point

is not applicable.

13. Risk assessment for storage and

handling of hazardous chemicals/

solvents. Action plan for handling &

safety system to be incorporated.

A detailed Risk Assessment

Study for storage and handling

of hazardous chemicals/

solvents are incorporated in

Chapter-7.


27 for action plan for handling

& safety system.

14. Arrangements for ensuring health and

safety of workers engaged in handling of

toxic materials.

Arrangements for ensuring

health and safety of workers

engaged in handling of toxic

materials are mentioned in sec.

7.17; page no. 7-29 of

Chapter-7.

1.8 OBJECTIVES OF EIA

EIA is a policy and management tool for both planning and decision

making. EIA assists in identification, prediction and evaluation of the

foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed developmental and

industrial project.

The objectives of the present EIA Study is to assess the impacts on

various environmental components due to the proposed project and to

recommend appropriate environmental management plant for the unit to

ensure that the adverse impacts if any will be minimized. Moreover the

objective is to prepare an Environmental Statement to indicate

conclusively, if the overall impacts are positive or negative. Second

purpose of the Environmental Impact Assessment study and report is to



comply with the TOR issued by the MoEFCC as a part of the process to

obtain Environmental Clearance. Most importantly the purpose of EIA

study is to identify and mitigate environmental impacts in a timely

manner.

1.9 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

Environmental Assessment (EA), another term used in the environmental

studies, refers to an understanding of the present status of environment

and a study of how to manage them. Keeping in view the nature and size

of the proposed project and industrial area and various guidelines

available, it was decided to cover an area of 10 km radius from the center

of proposed plant site for the purpose of Environmental Impact

Assessment study. The methodology is briefly reported below and has

been described in this section.

Baseline data Collection

The baseline data for the impact zone have been generated for the

following environmental parameters:

Ambient Air Quality

Micrometeorology

Noise Levels

Surface and ground water quality

Soil Quality

Flora and fauna

Land use pattern

Socio-economics

The baseline status of the above environmental parameters has been

worked out based on the rapid monitoring/analysis carried out during the

study period of Jan, 2017 to March, 2017 supplemented by data

collected from various government departments, census publications etc.

The data is collected & analyzed as per the standard methods for

establishing the baseline data and to determine the impact of proposed

activity on the same.

Evaluation of Impact from Project Activities

The environmental Impact resulting from the various project activities,

have been identified, predicted and evaluated based on the study of



manufacturing process and other project related activities as well as

correlating the same with existing baseline status.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management plan has been prepared covering pollution

prevention measures at source in terms of air and water pollution control

measures, solid waste/ hazardous waste management, safety

management, green belt development, environmental surveillance and

environmental management team.

Finally, the detailed assessment of the resultant environmental impacts

have been made based on the impacts identification and evaluated from

the activities over the baseline status of various environmental

components to reduce the pollution and to delineate a comprehensive

environment management plan along with recommendations and

suggestions to improve environment management system.

1.10 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

EIA report has been structured covering various aspects like project

description, baseline conditions, environmental impacts, mitigation

measures, environmental management plan etc. The present report

based on EIA study has been prepared as per the structure given below.

Sr. No. EIA Structure Contents

1. Introduction Identification of project & project

proponent

Purpose, Objectives & Scope of EIA study

EIA structure & Regulatory Frame work

Maps showing Project Location

2. Project description Description & Justification of the project

Project Location and Salient features of

the project site, plant layout

Product details and process description

Description of facilities, infrastructure

need, resource requirement, pollution

potentials & management

3. Description of the

Environment

Approach & methodology of baseline

study

Establishment of baseline status for

valued environmental parameters as

identified in scope

Maps of the study area showing sampling

& monitoring locations and land use



pattern.

4. Anticipated

Environmental

Impacts & Mitigation

Measures

Identification & prediction of

environmental impacts during

construction as well as operation phases

of the proposed project

Evaluation of Impacts on air environment

using mathematical model.

Mitigation measures for minimizing and /

or avoiding adverse impacts during

construction as well as operation phases.

5. Analysis of site

alternatives

(technology & site)

Justification of sites selection &

technology for the manufacturing of

proposed products

6. Environmental

Monitoring Program

Technical aspects of monitoring the

effectiveness of mitigation measures

including measurement methodologies,

frequency, location, data analysis,

reporting schedules.

Details of corporate environmental

responsibility.

Description of the administrative &

managerial aspects of ensuring that

mitigation measures are implemented

and their effectiveness monitored.

7. Risk and safety

management

Details of hazardous chemicals and

Safety measures for the transportation,

loading/unloading, Storage/handling etc.

Risk assessment study

Safety measures for the manufacturing

process and preventive maintenance

Occupational Health & Safety

Management

Onsite/Offsite Emergency Plan

8. Project Benefits Employment opportunity and Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR).

Socio-economic development and

Improvements in the physical & social

infrastructure.

Employment & Other tangible benefits.

9. Environmental Cost

Benefit Analysis

--

10. Environmental

Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan for

various project Activities

Illustration of greenbelt development

plan and application of cleaner production

technology

Budgetary allocation for environment



protection

11. Summary &

Conclusion

Salient features of the project covering

project description, location, mitigation

measures, costing etc.

Overall Conclusion for the proposed

project

12. Disclosure of

Consultants Engaged

Details of the EIA consultants, experts &

Laboratory engaged.

1.11 List of industries within 10 km radius

List of major industries within 10 km radius are given in below table:

Table 1.3 List of industries in 10 km radius of project site

Sr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry

1. M/s. Megafine Speciality Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No. SPS 13/1, Sterling SEZ

Pigment beta blue and CPC derivative



Figure 1.1

Location Map of the project site

Gujarat state

Bharuch

District

Bharuch district Project Location



Figure 1.2

Google Map of 10 km radius



Figure 1.3

Image showing all four boundary coordinates of the site



Chapter-2

Project Description 2.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) is a green field project, proposed for

manufacturing of pesticides, pesticide intermediates, fine chemicals at

Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd., Plot No. SPM-29/2, Village: Sarod,

Tehsil: Jambusar, District: Bharuch, State: Gujarat.

Total production capacity of the unit will be 44240 MT/annum and total

byproduct recovery will be 90200 MT/annum. Detailed list of products

and by-products along with capacity of the unit is summarized in Table

2.3.

2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT

Unit proposed to manufacture pesticide and pesticide intermediate along

with addition of manufacturing facility for Fine Chemicals, Pyrazoles,

Fluorospeciality Products, Pharma Intermediates, Speciality and

Performance based chemicals. As per the EIA Notification-2006 and

amendments therein; activity is covered under 5(b) category - “Pesticides

industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations)”

along with fine chemicals covered under 5(f) & falls under category “A”.

Therefore, EC requires prior to establishment of manufacturing facility.

2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT/JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

PI Industries Ltd. is having expertise in manufacturing of world class Crop

Protection chemicals, meeting needs of the farmers in many countries.

Agriculture, which is the backbone of every economy today require

protection against various threats like weeds, insects and fungus,

encourages us to play a vital role. Company is continuously involved in

innovating products and technology to meet solutions for our farmers. As

the demand of agro products are increasing day by day, company has

decided to expand its production capacity by addition of a new

manufacturing plant.



2.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT

The estimated cost of the proposed project is around Rs. 393.0 crores.

Out of this around Rs. 26.0 crores will be invested for pollution control

measures as capital cost and around Rs. 6.85 crore as recurring cost of

EMS per annum.

2.5 LAND REQUIREMENT

Total project area is 87300 m2. Greenbelt will be developed in 33% of the

project area. The plot is situated within the notified SEZ (Special

Economic Zone). The detailed land break up is given in below table,

whereas the layout map is given in the Figure 2.5.

Table 2.1: Land breakup

Sr.

No.

Particular Area in m2

1. Technical Plant 10500

2. Utilities 3500

3. Air Pollution Control Systems 1695

4. Storage (RM & Finished Products) 5150

5. Solvent & Bulk storage yard 4500

6. Canteen 1200

7. Security area and rest room 2300

8. Office 500

9. Parking area 2290

10. Green belt 28810

11. Internal Road 14580

12. Open to sky 12275

Total 87300

2.6 DETAILS OF THE SITE:

The proposed project site is located in Sarod village, Jambusar Taluka of

Bharuch District, Gujarat. Site is having location advantage with respect

to availability of raw materials, market proximity and infrastructure

facility. Details of the project site are as given in following table:

Table 2.2 Location details

Sr.

No.

Particulars Details

1. Plant location

Plot No. SPM-29/2

Taluka Jambusar



District Bharuch

State Gujarat

2. Plant site Co-ordinates Latitude: 22°10'54.42"N

Longitude: 72°47'24.35"E

3. Nearest Railway Station Jambusar-14.5 km

4. Nearest Airport Vadodara-48.2 km

5. Nearest City Vadodara-43.0 km

6. Nearest Town Jambusar-14.0 km

7. Reserved/Protected forest None within 10 km radius

Note: Aerial distances are given in above table.

2.7 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

Unit proposed to manufacturing following products:

Table: 2.3 Product details

Sr.

No.

Common Name IUPAC Name Quantity

(MTPA)


1 Amino Triazines

a THM Bis (1,2,3 - Trithiacyclohexyl Dimethyl

Ammonium) Oxalate

2 Diamides



b SOD N2-(2-Methyl-1-(Methylsulfinyl)propan-2-

yl)-N1-(2-Methyl- 4 - (perfluoropropan-2-yl) phenyl) phthalamide


3 Hydazinopyridine


4 Nicotinamides


Carbonitrile

5 Nitroguanidines

a BNHT 5-Benzyl-1-Methyl, 2-Nitro 2 imino-

tetrahydro 1, 3, 5-trizan.






8 Phthalimides

a PMT Phosmet



9 Pyrazole-diamides




d BPCA 3-Bromo-1-(3-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-

pyrazole-5-Carboxylic Acid

10 Quinazoline

a FNZQ 3-[2-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) phenyl] ethoxy] Quinazoline


a FMTQ 2-Ethyl-3,7-Dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy]-4-Quinolyl

Methyl Carbonate

12 Thiazolidines




1 Alkylazines



2 Amide-triazolones

a IAT 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one, 4-amino-2,4-

dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-


a FPES Ethyl(2R)-2-{4-[6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-

yl)oxy] phenoxy} propanoate



furylmethoxymethyl} benzoyl)-cyclohexane-

1, 3-Dione)

b Tembutrion 2-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}cyclohexane-

1,3-dione

c 747 Either 2-Chloro-4-(methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2, 2, 2-

trifluoroethoxy) methyl] Benzoic acid


5 Furanones

a FLURT 5-(Methylamino)-2-Phenyl-4-[3-

(Trifluoromethyl) phenyl] furan-3(2H)-one




a PYCL 1-(3-Chloro-4,5,6,7-tetra hydropyrazolo

[1,5-a] pyridin-2-yl)-5-[methyl (prop-2-ynyl)amino] pyrazole-4-carbonitrile



8 Oxazinones

a MY-100 3-[1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-

3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one

9 Oxazoles

a Lake Palace 3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl) methyl] sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole


a KPP Pantoxazone

11 Phosphinates


12 Pyrimidinediones

a PCM N-(2 Chloro-4 Fluoro-5-((ethoxy carbonyl)-amino)-benzoyl)-N-iso-propyl-N-methyl-

sulfamid








15 Sulfonylurea

a AMSB(Mesylamide) Methyl 2-Amino-4-{[(methyl sulfonyl)amino]

methyl} benzoate


16 Triazines

a CNZ Cyanazine






a SSF-126/OXIME (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-Methyl-2-(2-Phenoxy Phenyl) Acetamide

b TRFRN N,N'-[1,4-Piperazinediyl-bis(2,2,2-Trichloro

Ethylidene)]-Bis-[Formamide]


d MIPD (1E)-1-(2,5,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl) Propane -1,2-dione 1-(O-Methyloxime)

e ORST Orysastrobin

2 Benzamides



a ZXMD (RS)-3,5-Dichloro-N-(3-Chloro-1-Ethyl-1-Methyl-2-Oxopropyl)-p-Toluamide

3 Carboxamides


4 Organophosphates



a CTPE 2-[3-Chloro-5-(Trifluoro methyl) Pyridin-2-yl] Ethanamine

6 Pyrimidines

a AZST Methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-Cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yloxy] phenyl}-3-Methoxy

acrylate

7 Quinoxalines

a CMTH 4-(Methoxy-6-(trifluoro methyl)-1,3,5-

triazin-2-amine

8 Triazoles





Oxirane

d IBCZ (4-Chlorophenyl) Methyl N-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-

Ethanimidothioate

Fine Chemicals 7500

















a DHD 2, 2-Dimethyl-5-Hydroxymethyl-1, 3-

Dioxane














a Metaphenoxy

benzaldehyde

3-Phenoxy Benzaldehyde


Pyrazoles 5500


a PFD N-{3-Isobutyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl}-1,3,5-

Trimethyl Pyrazole -4- Carboxylic Amide

b TBFN 4-Chloro-N-[[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) Phenyl] Methyl]-3-Ethyl-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-5-Carboxamide

c TLF Tolfenpyrad


e OCTOPUSSY 3-[[[5-(Difluoro methoxy)-1-methyl-3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl] methyl] sulfonyl]-4,5-Dihydro-5,5-Dimethyl isoxazole

f MY-71 3-[1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-Methylethyl]-

3,4-Dihydro-6-Methyl-5-Phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one




j ACH 3-(Difluoro Methyl)-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid













a ETMD Methyl cis-1-[2-(2,5-Dimethyl phenyl)-Acetyl amino]-4-Methoxy-Cyclohexane Carboxylate


a HFMOP 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro Isopropyl Methyl Ether






a CMTB 2-Chloro-4-(Methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-

trifluoro ethoxy) methyl] Benzoic Acid



a PCBM 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-1-one


a Negolyte Titanium Biscatecholate Monopyrogallate Sodium Potassium Salt


Total 44240

List of by products

Sr. No.

List of By-products Quantity (MTPA)

1 27% NaSH 1000

2 30 % HCl 12000


4 H2SO4 300



7 NaBr/MgBr 60000

8 Acetic Acid 1200

9 Orthocresol 300



12 HBr 1000


14 AlCl3 1800

Total 90200



2.8 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES OF PLANT (Proposed Major

Machineries)

Table 2.4: List of proposed machineries

Sr. No. Name of equipment/machineries Nos.

1 Vessel 414

2 Reactor 98

3 Catch pot , phase separators 385

4 Column 53

5 Agi + Jacketed vessel 48

6 Condenser 98

7 Heat exchanger 260

8 Storage Tank 135

9 Filter 98

10 Pump 742

11 Blower 42

12 PTS & vacuum system 30

13 Rota jet ejector 23

14 ANF 17

15 Venturi 15

16 Air Receiver 13

17 Cooler 13

18 Packing system 12

19 RVD 12

20 Re-boiler 10

21 Tank 10

22 Evaporator 8

23 Hoist 7

24 Hot water generator Unit 7

25 Air Dryer 5

26 ATFE 5

27 Compressor 5

28 Pandryer 5

29 Weighing balance 5

30 Steam Jet Ejector 5

31 Reservoir 5

32 Charcoal bed 3

33 ZMS 2

34 Silo 2



2.9 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION

Specifics Applied

under the

Act

Specifics for

approval or

legal procedure

Related recent

Status

Implementation

Proposed

Project

Under

Environment

Protection

Act, 1986

Environment

clearance for the

Proposed Project

from MoEF&CC as

per the guideline

of EIA

Notification-2006

Submitted Form I,

TOR presentation,

TORs awarded on

29.04.17, its

amendment on

22.06.2017 and

further amendment

therein on

05.02.2018

Project will

executed after the

obtaining EC

obtain from

MoEF&CC.

Operation

of the

new

project

Under Air,

Water &

Environment

(Protection)

Act, 1986.

CTE & CTO/CCA

from GPCB.

Shortly apply for

CTE/CCA to GPCB.

Establishment

after EC/CTE and

operate after

obtaining CC&A.

2.10 DESCRIPTION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Manufacturing process, Chemical reaction along with mass balance of all

existing and proposed products is attached separately as Annexure-II.

2.11 PROJECT COMPONENTS

Components of the project include all facilities required for the operation

of the project with legal necessity.

a) Input requirements: Raw materials, water, fuel, power etc.

b) Utility requirement: Boiler, TFH, cooling tower, D.G. set etc.

c) Treatment Facilities:

Water Treatment facilities: RO system for treating wastewater

from cooling tower and boiler bleed off. ETP having conventional

treatment (clariflocculation followed by aeration-clarification) and

sand and activated carbon filtration. See Figure 2.2 for process flow

diagram (Details of ETP is of PI, Unit-I). Unit will utilize Environmental

facilities of their adjoining unit, which has adequate capacity of overall

EMS including ETP and incinerator for both the units.

Air Pollution Control Facilities: No APCM for flue gas stacks; Alkali

scrubbers for process stacks; See Table 2.9 for details.

Hazardous/solid waste facilities: Collection, storage & final

disposal at Incinerator of PI, Unit-I or approved common TSDF

site/CHWIF. See Table 2.12 for details.

d) Other facilities: Includes greenbelt area, rain water harvesting

system etc.



2.12 INPUT REQUIREMENTS

(a) Raw Material Requirement:

Raw material required along with estimated quantity, likely source of

material & mode of transportation is mentioned in Table 2.6. The

transportation of raw materials will be done by road complying with all

safety requirements. The raw materials will be procured and stored/

inventory will be maintained as per market requirement of the products

and production schedule. All solid/powder/granular raw materials will

come in bags/drums and will be transported through road transport.

Liquid raw materials will come in road tankers (bulk) or in drums

through road. Most of the raw materials are indigenously available.

(b) Water Requirement:

The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement from SEZ Authority.

Total water requirement for the project will be tune around 2625.0 KLD;

out of which; 2491.0 KLD will be fresh water requirement and 134.0

KLD will be recycled/treated water (RO permeate). The detailed breakup

of the water consumption is given in Table 2.7. The water balance

diagram is given in Figure 2.2.

(c) Power:

Total power requirement will be tune around 15000 kVA and it will be

fulfilled by Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Limited (DGVCL). Unit will

install 6 nos. of stand-by D.G. set of 4000 kVA to meet emergency

power requirement during failure of power supply by state grid.

(d) Fuel:

Unit is proposed to use Furnace Oil (204 MT/day) and Natural Gas

(195440 Nm3/day) as fuel in proposed boilers, thermic fluid heater. Unit

has also proposed to install six stand by D.G. Sets of 4000 kVA, which

will be operated in case of power failure. HSD will be used as fuel in

D.G. Set at the rate of 700 lit/hr. per DG or 100 KLD.

(e) Manpower:

Total manpower proposed for the plant operations shall be approx. 300

nos. which includes the manpower at all levels; i.e. manager, supervisor

& chemist, skilled workers and unskilled workers.



(f) Utilities

The utility facilities are tabulated below:

Table: 2.5 Utility details

Sr. No. Particulars Qty. Capacity

1. Boiler 1 6 TPH

2 12 TPH each

2. Thermic Fluid Heater 1 60 lakhs kcal/hr.

3. D. G. Set 6 4000 kVA each

4. Cooling tower 1 9000 TR

5. Chilling plant 1 400 TR

6. Chilled brine plant (-15oC) 1 500 TR

7. Chilled brine plant (-35oC) 1 200 TR

8. Soft water plant 1 40 m3/hr.

9. RO plant 2 10 kl/hr.

10. DM water plant 1 100 m3/hr.

11. Nitrogen plant 4 280 Nm3/hr. each

12. MEE 1 set 15 kl/hr

2.13 GENERATION OF POLLUTANTS

The sources of pollution will be as below;

2.13.1 Wastewater Generation

Source of wastewater generation will be from process, scrubber, lab,

washing and utilities. Total wastewater generation will be 734 KLD

(including industrial and non-industrial sources), out of which 684 KLD

will be industrial wastewater and 50 KLD will be domestic w/w. The

wastewater from process will be divided into three streams for treatment

based on the quality of the effluent stream. One of the effluent streams

of (60 KLD) will be directly taken to the incinerator of PI, Unit-I, while

another stream (292 KLD) having high TDS and COD will be directed to

the MEE of Unit-I respectively. Dilute stream from process (59 KLD) will

be directly taken to ETP along with effluent of lab, washing. Utilities

effluent i.e. cooling bleed off, boiler blow down and DM plant will be sent

to RO. RO reject will be further sent to ETP. Domestic effluent will also be

treated into ETP. MEE, ETP and Incineration facility will remain common

for both the units i.e. Unit-I and Unit-II. The capacity of the treatment

facilities will be augmented accordingly.



Out of 734 KLD; 60 KLD goes to incinerator, 40 KLD system loss & salt

generation and 134 KLD treated water recycle and resulted 500 KLD

waste water generation goes to ETP of adjacent sister concern unit of PI

Industries (Unit-I) and finally discharged to SEZ sump for final disposal.

Unit will utilize Environmental facilities of adjoining unit, which is at the

adjacent plot, which has excess capacity of overall EMS including ETP and

incinerator. The details of the water consumption & wastewater

generation are depicted in Table 2.7.

2.13.2 Gaseous Emission

Main source of air emission will be point source & fugitive emission. Flue

gas emission will be from stack attached with Boilers and TFH. FO/NG will

be used as fuel so no APCM is required. Process gas emission will be from

stack attached to reactors of multipurpose plant. Alkali scrubber will be

installed as APCM. Proper stack height will be provided for proper

atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Most probable emitted pollutants

from flue gas stacks will be SPM, SO2 and NOX. Unit is also proposed to

install a standby D.G. set (4 nos.) of 4000 kVA capacity to fulfill power

requirement in case of non-availability of power/emergency, where HSD

will be used as a fuel. Probable pollutants likely to emit will be SPM, SO2

and NOx, but it will not the constant source of emission as it will be used

in case of power failure only. Details of the stacks are given in Table 2.9.

Sources of fugitive emission:

The fugitive pollutants such as VOCs, dust (PM) & Acid mist are likely to

be emitted from process area. However, it will be at acceptable level.

Details of fugitive emissions are given in Table 2.9 (b).

2.13.3 Hazardous Waste Generation

Sources of hazardous waste generation will be MEE salt, used oil,

Residues after distillation, fractionation, condensation recovery

etc./Solvent Distillation residue, spent carbon, process waste, discarded

drums/containers/liners, date expired off specification products, spent

crude solvent, spent catalyst, spent acid & spent resin. The details of the

hazardous waste with its category as per HWM rules are given in Table

2.12.



2.13.4 Noise

The main sources of noise pollution will be from boiler, reactors,

machineries, D.G. Set, process plant etc. The noise level in the unit is

well within the prescribed limit.

2.14 POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY

The details of pollution control strategy for various parameters are given

hereunder,

2.14.1 Effluent Management

The main source of the industrial wastewater generation will be from

process, scrubber, lab, washing and utilities. The wastewater from

process will be divided into three streams for treatment based on the

quality of the effluent stream. One stream will be directly incinerated in

incinerator at adjacent unit of PI, Unit-I. High TDS & high COD stream

will be taken to MEE and dilute stream from process will be taken to ETP.

Entire quantity of lab, washing & utilities i.e. cooling bleed off, boiler blow

down and DM plant will be sent to RO. RO reject will be further sent to

ETP. Domestic effluent will also be treated into ETP. Entire quantity of

treated water from ETP will be disposed off into SEZ common sump which

will be finally connected with ECP channel.

Effluent treatment scheme: (ETP of PI, Unit-I)

Process wastewater will be segregated into three parts, wherein one

stream will be subjected to ETP, second to MEE along with wastewater

from scrubber and another to incinerator for incineration. Wastewater

from washing and utilities will be filtered and followed by RO. Permeate of

RO will be reused in utilities. The RO reject, filter blow down, domestic

wastewater and process wastewater streams coming from plant and

utilities are collected in a collection sump, where it is directed to ETP,

having a treatment capacity of 2500 m3/day. Raw effluent passes

sequentially through oil and grease trap, equalization tank, flash mixer

tank, clariflocculator tank, and aeration basins. Effluent from clarifier is

later passed through sand filter and activated carbon filter to provide final

effluent that meets SPCB norms, which is discharged to sea through

ECPL‟s effluent disposal system. Discharged sludge from clariflocculator



tank and clarifiers undergoes dewatering and is sent to TSDF. See Figure

2.2 for flow diagram of unit of ETP.

2.14.2 Air Pollution Control Measures

The source of gaseous emission will be flue gas emission and process gas

emission. Flue gas emission will be from the stack attached to boiler,

Thermic Fluid Heater and stand by D.G. set. FO/NG will be used as fuel in

boiler and Thermic Fluid Heater; HSD will be used as fuel in D.G. set. As

FO/NG is used as fuel there is no requirement of APCM. Alkali scrubber

will be installed as an APCM for stack attached to reactors of multi

product plant. Adequate stack height will be provided for proper

dispersion of pollutants. Most probable pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and

NOx. It will be almost within the emission norms.

Adequate stack height will be provided to control & disperse the air

pollutants within the satisfactory levels and facility for sampling such as

ladder and sampling point will be provided as per the GPCB guidelines.

Details of stacks are presented in Table 2.9.

Fugitive Emission Control

To control fugitive emission, following steps will be implemented:

Entire process will be carried out in closed reactors.

Closed circuit transfer of liquid raw material in rector.

Raw material will be stored in the covered structure.

Regular maintenance of valves, pipes etc.

Frequent work area monitoring will be done ensure fugitive

emissions level.

Greenbelt will be developed around the plant boundary and also

along the roads to arrest the fugitive emission.

Internal roads will be concreted or paved to reduce fugitive

emission during vehicular movement.

Air borne dust will be controlled with water sprinklers

Regular water sprinkling is also carried out to reduce fugitive dust

emissions.

2.14.3 Hazardous Waste Management

Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per

(Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, amended time



to time. MEE salt will be disposed at approved TSDF site. Spent resin will

be disposed off at approved TSDF site/co-processing. Used oil will be sold

to registered re-refiners. Process waste and Residues after distillation,

fractionation, condensation recovery etc./Solvent distillation residue and

date expired off specific products will be incinerated or sent to Common

Incineration facility or co-processing. Spent carbon will be sold to

authorized recyclers/ re-processors. Whereas discarded drums/containers

and liners will be disposed off by selling to authorized scrap dealer or end

user. Spent/crude solvent will be incinerated at PI, Unit-I or CHWIF or

send for co-processing. Recyclable solvent will be either distilled in-house

or sent to GPCB approved distillation facility. Spent catalyst will be

incinerated at PI, Unit-I or sent to Common Incineration facility or co-

processing or will be sold to authorized recyclers/re-processors, spent

acid will be sold to authorized recyclers/re-processors/users. The unit will

provide isolated area with impervious flooring for the storage of

hazardous waste. Thus, there will not be any major impact on the

environment due to hazardous waste management. The details of

Hazardous Waste are given in Table 2.12.

2.14.4 Noise Pollution Control

Major sources of noise generation in the plant will be equipment, pumps,

D.G. set, blowers, compressors & other machineries etc. Most of the

noise generating equipment will be in closed structures. Appropriate ear

muff and ear plug will be provided to all workers working in noisy area.

Acoustic enclosure will be installed to control the noise. Ear muff, ear plug

will be provided to all workers working at noisy area.

2.15 ODOUR CONTROL PLAN

All solid raw materials shall be charged directly to reactor through special

air lock hopper against slight negative pressure (in water column) so that

no odour is emitted to the environment. Solid charging nozzle in reactor

shall be projected inside so that it directly falls in to the solvent media,

thereby eliminating carrying over of solid to vapour nozzle. Powder

Transfer System (PTS) shall also be used where ever applicable to have

zero loss of powder into the atmosphere.



All liquid raw material handled in drum shall be cooled down during

summer before charging so as to minimize its vapour pressure and

control of odour. Liquid from drums shall be charged in day tank or to

reactor with the help of FLP motorized barrel pump. Alternatively vacuum

lock could also be used in day tank for transfer of liquid from drum

(pumping under vacuum). Proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)

will be provided to the workers who are involved in handling odorous

materials.

2.16 SOLVENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The solvent distillation system shall be designed so as to achieve

minimum 92% - 95% recovery of solvent.

Pure solvent, crude solvent and distilled (recovered) solvent shall be

stored only in storage tanks and we shall not be using drums at any

stage in the Solvent Management System.

Wherever required, the solvents shall be directly pumped into day tanks

from the storage tanks and shall be charged into the reactors without

involving any manual handling.

All the pumps shall be mechanical seal type to avoid any leakage of

solvent.

All necessary firefighting systems shall be provided with alarm system.

Flameproof wiring and flame proof electrical accessories shall be provided

to avoid any mishap.

Residue generated from the distillation will be incinerated sent to

common incinerator site.

2.17 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

The rain water from the building roofs will be directed through the

drainage to the covered storm water drainage line. All drainage system

will be concreted lined and located along the roads up to rain water

harvesting pit. Roof top rain water will be collected in tanks and reused

after filtration as per requirements.

2.18 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Total area for greenbelt development will be 28810 m2, which will be

around 33% of total area of the proposed project.



2.19 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

The company is concerned with the health, safety and environment

protection. The company will formulate and develop an „Occupational

Health & Safety Policy‟ to ensure good health and safety of its employees.

Following key safety measures shall be a part of the Health & Safety

policy of the company and shall be followed after the project

implementation:

Safety Training shall be provided to the employees.

Safety Sirens with Alarm System in case of emergency shall be

provided.

Fire Hydrant System & Fire Extinguishers shall be installed.

Mock drills shall be periodically conducted and factors like response

time shall be evaluated.

First Aid Facility and training shall be provided.

Personnel protective Equipment shall be provided to the employees.

Health check-ups shall be organized at regular intervals.

Safety/Health records and MSDS shall be maintained.



Table 2.6

Raw Material Consumption details

Sr.

No.

List of Raw Materials Quantity

(MT/MT)

Source Transportation

Insecticides and intermediates

1. THM

Monosultap 1.48 Indigenous By road

Xylene 0.56 Indigenous By road

Sodium hydroxide 0.78 Indigenous By road

Sodium Sulfide 0.59 Indigenous By road

Hydrogen Peroxide 0.04 Indigenous By road

Oxalic acid Dihydrate 0.47 Indigenous By road

2. Flub

Sodium Bicarbonate 0.31 Indigenous By road


Toluene 1.63 Indigenous By road

SAA 0.31 Indigenous By road

Phthaloyl dichloride (PDC) 0.50 Indigenous By road

Tert butyl methyl ether 0.84 Indigenous By road

RFBr 0.69 Indigenous By road

O-Toluidine 0.33 Indigenous By road

Sodium hydrosulfite 0.43 Indigenous By road

N,N-Dimethyl acetamide 0.28 Indigenous By road

DIH 0.35 Indigenous By road

Dimethyl Acetamide 0.08 Indigenous By road

98% Formic acid 0.09 Indigenous By road

Conc. Sulfuric Acid 0.07 Indigenous By road


Caustic solution 0.58 Indigenous By road

3. SOD




SAA 0.33 Indigenous By road

Phthaloyl dichloride (PDC) 0.53 Indigenous By road

Tert butyl methyl ether 0.89 Indigenous By road

RFBr 0.73 Indigenous By road

O-Toluidine 0.35 Indigenous By road

Sodium hydrosulfite 0.45 Indigenous By road

N,N-Dimethyl acetamide 0.30 Indigenous By road


4. MMTPA

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol 0.75 Indigenous By road

Sulfuric Acid 0.82 Indigenous By road

Sodium Methyl Mercaptide 0.59 Indigenous By road

Caustic Soda 0.34 Indigenous By road



5. CHDP

Hydrochloric acid 0.95 Indigenous By road

3-Amino Pyridine 1.08 Indigenous By road

Chlorine 0.98 Indigenous By road

Sodium Nitrate 0.58 Indigenous By road

Copper Chloride 0.08 Indigenous By road

Hydrazine hydrate 1.31 Indigenous By road

6. TFNA

Potassium Hydroxide 0.81 Indigenous By road

2-Cyanoacetamide 1.11 Indigenous By road

Ethyl 3-oxo Trifluoro Acetoacetate 0.97 Indigenous By road

Methanol 0.50 Indigenous By road

Phosphoryl chloride 1.42 Indigenous By road

Sodium acetate 1.08 Indigenous By road

Sodium Hydroxide 0.46 Indigenous By road


7. BNHT

1-Phenylmethanamine 0.74 Indigenous By road

Methylnitro Guanidine 0.74 Indigenous By road

Formaldehyde 0.87 Indigenous By road

8. AETF

2-butene-1,4-diol 1.43 Indigenous By road

Carbon monoxide 0.02 Indigenous By road

Hydrogen 0.01 Indigenous By road

Sulfuric acid 0.03 Indigenous By road


Raney Nickel 0.11 Indigenous By road

Ammonia 0.49 Indigenous By road

Ethyl Acetate 0.62 Indigenous By road

9. MTN


Phosphorous pentasulfide 0.73 Indigenous By road


Tertbutyl Amonium bromide 0.01 Indigenous By road

Dry HCl gas 0.24 Indigenous By road

Ethylene Dichloride 1.27 Indigenous By road

M-Thiazone 0.50 Indigenous By road

Paraformaldehyde 0.12 Indigenous By road


10. PTF

Sulphur 0.13 Indigenous By road

Phosphorous trichloride 0.76 Indigenous By road

n-Propyl Mercaptane 0.30 Indigenous By road


Methyl Ethyl Pyridine 1.78 Indigenous By road

Ethanol 0.22 Indigenous By road

2,4 Dichlorophenol 0.56 Indigenous By road




11. PMT


Phosphorous pentasulfide 0.54 Indigenous By road

Catalyst 0.00 Indigenous By road

23.5 % Caustic sol. 0.38 Indigenous By road

Phthalimide 0.62 Indigenous By road

37% formalin 0.52 Indigenous By road

Thionyl Chloride 1.04 Indigenous By road


12. Q4039

Acetic Acid 1.98 Indigenous By road

2-Nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene 1.26 Indigenous By road

Acetaldehyde 0.48 Indigenous By road

Oxygen 0.85 Indigenous By road


Hydrogen Gas 0.04 Indigenous By road

13. YB449




14. DPX


Oxygen 0.09 Indigenous By road



Caustic flakes 0.08 Indigenous By road



Aq. Sodium Hydroxide 1.85 Indigenous By road

Potassium carbonate 1.00 Indigenous By road


Ethyl chloroformate 0.80 Indigenous By road



Sodium sulfite 0.08 Indigenous By road

Methane sulpfonic acid 0.02 Indigenous By road

Ethyl acetate 0.97 Indigenous By road

Methylamine 0.23 Indigenous By road

15. BPCA

3 chloro-2-pyridinone hydrazone 0.46 Indigenous By road

Acetonitrile 3.02 Indigenous By road

Diethyl maleate 0.64 Indigenous By road


phosphorous oxy bromide 0.76 Indigenous By road

potassium per sulphate 0.52 Indigenous By road




Sulphuric Acid 0.76 Indigenous By road

16. FNZQ

Caustic Solution 1.64 Indigenous By road

4-Hydroxyquinazoline 0.58 Indigenous By road

Tert-butyl phenyl ethanol 1.00 Indigenous By road


17. FMTQ

3-Pantanone 0.56 Indigenous By road

Aluminium trichloride 0.68 Indigenous By road

Chlorine gas 0.62 Indigenous By road



Iron chloride 0.00 Indigenous By road

Isopropyl Alcohol 0.96 Indigenous By road


Methyl chloroformate 0.24 Indigenous By road

Methylene Dichloride 0.43 Indigenous By road

Nitric Acid 0.36 Indigenous By road


p-Toluyl chloride 0.46 Indigenous By road


Sulfolane 0.52 Indigenous By road


Tetra butyl ammonium bromide 0.04 Indigenous By road


Trifluoro methoxy phenol 0.58 Indigenous By road


18. CCITM

50% Aq. Cynamide 0.65 Indigenous By road

Carbondisulphide 0.75 Indigenous By road

Methylchloride 1.35 Indigenous By road

19. CCMP

3-Picoline 1.55 Indigenous By road

Azo Isobutyro nitrile 0.03 Indigenous By road

Benzoyl Chloride 0.69 Indigenous By road

Chlorine Gas 0.68 Indigenous By road



Methylene dichloride 0.74 Indigenous By road


Sodium Tungstate 0.01 Indigenous By road


Triethyl Amine 0.99 Indigenous By road

Herbicides and Intermediate

20. DMI

Propionic anhydride 1.81 Indigenous By road

Sodium Propionate 1.08 Indigenous By road



4-methyl benzaldehyde 1.27 Indigenous By road


Caustic lye (30%) 0.35 Indigenous By road



21. DMAI

Formamide 1.70 Indigenous By road

Formic Acid 0.67 Indigenous By road

DMI 0.76 Indigenous By road



22. IAT


Iso Butyric Acid 0.73 Indigenous By road

Hydrazine Hydrate 0.44 Indigenous By road

Titatnium Dioxide 0.03 Indigenous By road

1,2-dichloro Ethane 0.79 Indigenous By road


Methyl Chloroformate 0.75 Indigenous By road


23. FPES


Ethyl(2R)-2-(4-hydroxy phenoxy)

propanoate 0.61

Indigenous By road

Polyethylene Glycol 0.03 Indigenous By road

Potassium Carbonate 0.51 Indigenous By road

2,6-dichlorobenzene oxazole 0.57 Indigenous By road

24. AE-743

10% Sodium hypochlorite Sol. 4.00 Indigenous By road

30% Sodium Hydroxide 1.32 Indigenous By road


AE-513 1.02 Indigenous By road



1,3 Cyclohexanedione 0.34 Indigenous By road


Acetone cyanohydrin 0.03 Indigenous By road

5% Sodium Bicarbonate 0.30 Indigenous By road

35% HCl 0.88 Indigenous By road

Isopropanol 0.45 Indigenous By road

Caustic Flakes 0.08 Indigenous By road

25. TMBT


747 Ether 0.94 Indigenous By road

Thionyl chloride 1.00 Indigenous By road

1,3 Cyclohexanedione 0.32 Indigenous By road

Triethyl amine 0.69 Indigenous By road



Cyanohydrine 0.24 Indigenous By road

26. 747 Ether

Ortho DiChloro Benzene 1.38 Indigenous By road


NaOH Prills (97%) 0.42 Indigenous By road


Trifluoroethanol 1.02 Indigenous By road

HCl 30% 0.25 Indigenous By road

27. 2C6SMT

3-chloro-2-methyl aniline 0.82 Indigenous By road

HCl (35%) 0.53 Indigenous By road

Sodium Nitrite 1.20 Indigenous By road

Sodium Carbonate 0.14 Indigenous By road


Sodium Methyl Mercaptane 2.10 Indigenous By road

28. Flurt

3-trifluoromethylphenyl

acetonitrile 2.00

Indigenous By road

Sodium Ethoxide 2.00 Indigenous By road

Ethyl Phenyl Acetate 1.55 Indigenous By road

Bromine 1.90 Indigenous By road

Glacial Acetic Acid 0.67 Indigenous By road


HCl 0.44 Indigenous By road

29. MTAA

32 % NaOH 0.07 Indigenous By road

Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) 0.16 Indigenous By road

Tetra butyl ammonium bromide

(TBAB) 0.02

Indigenous By road

Methyl chloro acetate 1.01 Indigenous By road

Sodium Methyl Mercaptane 0.25 Indigenous By road


30. PYCL

1,1,7-trichloroheptene-3-one 0.76 Indigenous By road

Caustic Lye 0.56 Indigenous By road

Conc. HCl 0.25 Indigenous By road



Malononitrile 0.58 Indigenous By road

NaOH Soln 0.55 Indigenous By road

n-Butanol 0.56 Indigenous By road

Propargyl chloride 0.71 Indigenous By road

Tetra butyl ammonium bromide

(TBAB) 0.14

Indigenous By road

Trimethylorthoformate 0.92 Indigenous By road

Zinc chloride 0.00 Indigenous By road

31. MY-100



Methyl phenyl Acetate 1.03 Indigenous By road

Ethyl acetate 0.54 Indigenous By road

Sodium Methanoate 1.20 Indigenous By road


3,5-dichlorobenzoyl Chloride 1.09 Indigenous By road

Chloromethane 1.46 Indigenous By road

Magnesium metal 0.12 Indigenous By road

Tetrahydrofuran 1.11 Indigenous By road




Hexanol 2.13 Indigenous By road

Formaldehyde 1.10 Indigenous By road


32. LakePalace

2,5 Dichloro Phenol 0.54 Indigenous By road


Diethyl Sulfate 0.61 Indigenous By road



BIO 4.31 Indigenous By road

Thiourea 0.30 Indigenous By road


Iso propyl alcohol 0.89 Indigenous By road

33. KPP

4 Fluorophenol 0.62 Indigenous By road


Caustic 0.59 Indigenous By road

Ethyl Chloroformate 0.74 Indigenous By road


Nitric Acid 0.58 Indigenous By road


Chloroformate 0.67 Indigenous By road

Alkyl Bromide 0.54 Indigenous By road

Alkyl Butaneoat 0.20 Indigenous By road


34. MPBS


Aluminium Chloride 1.18 Indigenous By road

Methyl Chloride 0.47 Indigenous By road

Diethyl phthlate 1.56 Indigenous By road

Yellow Phosphorous 0.18 Indigenous By road

N-Butanol 0.90 Indigenous By road

NaOH 0.66 Indigenous By road

35 PCM

2-chloro 4 fluoro toluene 1.13 Indigenous By road




Oleum 0.74 Indigenous By road

Ethanol 0.51 Indigenous By road

N-isopropyl-N-methylamine 1.24 Indigenous By road





Ethyl chloro formate 1.10 Indigenous By road


36. EATB

Ethyl trifluoro acetate 0.93 Indigenous By road




Ammonium Acetate 0.95 Indigenous By road


37. BPS


Sodium hydride 0.33 Indigenous By road

Dihydroxy benzoic acid 0.42 Indigenous By road

2-Methylsulfonyl-4,6-

dimethoxypyrimidine 1.28

Indigenous By road

38. FRSF


2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 0.45 Indigenous By road

Phenyl chloroformate 0.71 Indigenous By road


NSA 0.82 Indigenous By road





Acetic anhydride 0.61 Indigenous By road

Acetone 0.33 Indigenous By road

Sodium Methanoate 0.47 Indigenous By road

39. ESPS

3-Aminopyridine 1.26 Indigenous By road


Ferric Chloride 0.08 Indigenous By road



Sodium Bisulfite 0.70 Indigenous By road


Copper chloride 0.01 Indigenous By road


Sodium Sulfite 1.68 Indigenous By road

Sodium bicarbonate 0.18 Indigenous By road



Ethyl Bromide 0.18 Indigenous By road


Sodium hydro sulfide 0.51 Indigenous By road


40. AMSB

Methyl 2-nitro 4-cyanobenzoate 1.05 Indigenous By road




HCl Gas 0.11 Indigenous By road



methane sulfonyl chloride 0.53 Indigenous By road


41. OTMA

Trifluoromethoxy benzene 1.52 Indigenous By road


Fuming Nitric Acid 0.34 Indigenous By road


Methylene Dichloride 0.31 Indigenous By road


42. CNZ

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile 1.16 Indigenous By road


2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine 1.88 Indigenous By road

Aq. Ethyl amine 0.47 Indigenous By road

43. DTPBS

4-amino-2,5-dimethoxypyrimidine 0.60 Indigenous By road

Ethoxy carbonylisothiocyanate 0.58 Indigenous By road


Hydroxylamine 0.15 Indigenous By road


2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)

benzenesulfonyl chloride 0.74

Indigenous By road

44. SSF

Molten Phenol 0.44 Indigenous By road

1,2-dichloro benzene 1.41 Indigenous By road



Magnesium Turnings 0.17 Indigenous By road


Di Butyl Oxalate 1.19 Indigenous By road


Hydroxyl amine sulphate 0.64 Indigenous By road



Dimethyl Sulphate 0.58 Indigenous By road



45. TRFRN

Trichloroacetaldehyde 0.85 Indigenous By road


Phosphorous Trichloride 0.90 Indigenous By road

Piperazine 1.09 Indigenous By road

46. FNXL


DCPPA 0.80 Indigenous By road



ADMBN 0.45 Indigenous By road


47%NaOH 0.04 Indigenous By road

47. MIPD

Acetyl Acetone 0.54 Indigenous By road

Sulphuric Acid (50%) 0.53 Indigenous By road


NaCl 0.05 Indigenous By road



NPG 90% Neopentyl glycol 0.80 Indigenous By road

48. ORST

MIPD-Ketal 0.92 Indigenous By road

25% NaOH 0.50 Indigenous By road

Methoxy Amine hydrochloride 1.81 Indigenous By road

Hydroxylamoniumsulfate 2.22 Indigenous By road

Sodium Methylate 0.18 Indigenous By road

CLMO 0.78 Indigenous By road


49. ZXMD

3-Methyl-1-pentyne-3-ol 1.12 Indigenous By road



Methyl-p-Toluate 1.09 Indigenous By road





Methyl Isobutyl ketone 0.57 Indigenous By road

Silver nitrate 0.00 Indigenous By road

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TClA) 0.41 Indigenous By road

50. AMB

Magnesium turnings 0.15 Indigenous By road

Dry Tetrahydrofuran 0.66 Indigenous By road

AAA-BrTFB 1.21 Indigenous By road

Trimethoxyborane 0.66 Indigenous By road

10% HCl 0.22 Indigenous By road



47% Caustic lye 0.43 Indigenous By road

51. Kitazin

SDTP 1.88 Indigenous By road


Benzylchloride 0.44 Indigenous By road

52. CTPE

2,3 dichloro-5-

trifluoromethyl)pyridine 1.10

Indigenous By road

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 2.51 Indigenous By road


Ethyl acetoacetate 0.69 Indigenous By road



Acetic acid 0.43 Indigenous By road


53. AZST

2(3H)-Benzofuranone 0.96 Indigenous By road

Trimethyl orthoformate 1.14 Indigenous By road


Sodium methoxide 0.44 Indigenous By road

4,6-Dichloropyrimidine 1.15 Indigenous By road

2-cynophenol 0.48 Indigenous By road

Potessium carbonate 0.04 Indigenous By road

Dimethyl Formamide 0.50 Indigenous By road

54. CMTH

Methyl trifluoroacetate 0.58 Indigenous By road


2-Cyanoguanidine 0.08 Indigenous By road

Sodium methoxide 0.36 Indigenous By road

55. IPCZ

Dimethyl Adipate 1.96 Indigenous By road


Isopropyl Bromide 1.47 Indigenous By road

N-methyl pyrrolidone 3.69 Indigenous By road

p-chlorobenzyl chloride 1.75 Indigenous By road

Potassium Iodide 0.15 Indigenous By road


Sodium Methoxide 1.32 Indigenous By road

Sodium salt of 1,2,4-Triazole 0.77 Indigenous By road

Sodium tert-butoxide 0.44 Indigenous By road

TMSOB 1.60 Indigenous By road


56. FTL


1,2,4-Triazole 0.46 Indigenous By road


FOX 1.44 Indigenous By road



57. FOX

2-fluorobenzoyl Chloride 0.56 Indigenous By road

Fluorobenzene 0.30 Indigenous By road


dimethyl sulfoxide 0.81 Indigenous By road

dimethyl sulphate 0.87 Indigenous By road

Potassium hydroxide 0.08 Indigenous By road

DABCO 0.02 Indigenous By road


58. IBCZ

2,4-dichloroaniline 0.90 Indigenous By road

Chloro Acetyl Chloride 0.86 Indigenous By road


Phosphorous pentachloride 0.60 Indigenous By road


1-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)

benzene 1.01

Indigenous By road




1,2,4-Triazole 0.58 Indigenous By road

Cyanomethane 0.34 Indigenous By road

59. ACBM

2,3 dichloro benzoic acid 1.06 Indigenous By road

Copper chloride 0.04 Indigenous By road



Methyl Isobutyl ketone 1.36 Indigenous By road


Tertabutyl ammonium bromide 0.18 Indigenous By road


60. AMT

Aminoguanidine Bicarbonate 0.95 Indigenous By road

Ammonium Thiocynate 0.85 Indigenous By road



61. ATHP

Bis dichloro diethylether 1.83 Indigenous By road



Potassium Iodide 0.22 Indigenous By road

Methyl Acetoacetate 1.00 Indigenous By road

H2SO4 (49%) 0.96 Indigenous By road



62. CDMA

2,6-Dimethylaniline 1.24 Indigenous By road







63. CDMB


2,6-Dimethyl Aniline 0.99 Indigenous By road



Hydrobromic Acid 1.89 Indigenous By road


64. CPFK

Magnesium Turnings 0.38 Indigenous By road

2-Chloropropane 4.90 Indigenous By road

2-Fluoro Toluene 1.04 Indigenous By road

CPCM 0.46 Indigenous By road


65. DAEEA

Ethylene Diamine 1.50 Indigenous By road

2-Chloro Ethanol 2.24 Indigenous By road


66. DCTFP

Phosphorous Trichloride 1.55 Indigenous By road

Nicotinic Acid 0.35 Indigenous By road


Hydrogen fluoride 0.57 Indigenous By road

67. DHD



Diethylmalonate 1.52 Indigenous By road

Triethyl Ortho Formate 0.89 Indigenous By road

Sodium Bisulphate 0.11 Indigenous By road



Dimethyl sulfoxide 1.38 Indigenous By road

Sodium chloride 1.10 Indigenous By road

Lithium aluminium hydride 0.44 Indigenous By road


68. DMB


Methyl formate 0.91 Indigenous By road



Sulfuric Acid 0.12 Indigenous By road

69. EMBA

Sodamide 0.97 Indigenous By road

Propionitrile 0.54 Indigenous By road






70. MMH

Chloroform 1.55 Indigenous By road



71. 10-H Phenothiazine

Diphenylamine 0.90 Indigenous By road

Sulphur 0.34 Indigenous By road

72. MPB

Benzaldehyde 0.14 Indigenous By road



HCl solution 0.71 Indigenous By road


Thio Solution 0.36 Indigenous By road

Soda solution 0.01 Indigenous By road

1,2-Ethanediol (MEG) 0.65 Indigenous By road

Cuprous chloride 0.01 Indigenous By road


Phenol 0.60 Indigenous By road


Sulphuric acid 0.03 Indigenous By road

73. Phosgene

Catechol 0.01 Indigenous By road

Carbon Monoxide 0.29 Indigenous By road


74. PFD


Sodoium bisulphate 0.36 Indigenous By road

IBA 0.64 Indigenous By road


RFI 1.58 Indigenous By road


Zinc Chloride 0.34 Indigenous By road

N-methyl pyrrolidone 0.49 Indigenous By road

TMC 0.65 Indigenous By road


NaH in Paraffin 0.12 Indigenous By road

Isobutyryl chloride 0.33 Indigenous By road

75. TBFN

4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-

pyrazole-5carbonyl Chloride

1.80 Indigenous By road

1-(4-tert-

butylphenyl)methanamine

1.00 Indigenous By road




76. TLF

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 0.82 Indigenous By road

4-chloro benzonitrile 2.13 Indigenous By road

4-methyl Phenol 1.54 Indigenous By road

Diethyl Ethanedioate 1.63 Indigenous By road


Dimethyl sulfate 1.41 Indigenous By road







Sodium Oxychloride 1.10 Indigenous By road



77. IBA

Mono chlorobenzene 0.70 Indigenous By road


Diethylene Gylcol 0.49 Indigenous By road

Fuming Nitric Acid 2.17 Indigenous By road


Hydrogen gas 0.13 Indigenous By road

Isobutyl chloride 1.58 Indigenous By road



78. Octopussy

Hydroxyl amine sulfate 0.42 Indigenous By road

Glyoxalic acid 0.75 Indigenous By road

NaOH sol 0.87 Indigenous By road

Na2CO3 sol. 0.13 Indigenous By road


Sodium carbonate 0.69 Indigenous By road

Butyl acetate 1.14 Indigenous By road


HCl soln. 0.45 Indigenous By road

79. MY-71

1,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone 0.99 Indigenous By road

2,6- Dichloro Toluene 0.62 Indigenous By road

Acetyl Chloride 1.18 Indigenous By road



Hydrochloric Acid 0.45 Indigenous By road


Sodium Hypochlorite 0.99 Indigenous By road





80. MTP


Ethyl trifluoro acetate 1.03 Indigenous By road




Monomethyl Hydrazine 0.90 Indigenous By road

81. DCPA

DPMO 0.77 Indigenous By road









82. CFPA

Magnesium turnings 0.16 Indigenous By road


Bromo dichloro benzene 1.15 Indigenous By road

Tetramethyl benzidine 0.67 Indigenous By road

98% Sulphuric Acid 0.70 Indigenous By road


2-bromo-4-fluoroaniline 0.93 Indigenous By road

Tripotassium phosphate 0.30 Indigenous By road

83. ACH

Ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate 0.94 Indigenous By road

Trimethyl Orthoformate 1.73 Indigenous By road

Acetic Anhydride 0.55 Indigenous By road

O-Ethyl Acrylate 1.06 Indigenous By road

Mono Methyl Hydrazine 1.17 Indigenous By road

84. Acetone 0.41 Indigenous By road





85. BDB

Ortho dichloro benzene 0.28 Indigenous By road




Sodium thiosulfate 0.09 Indigenous By road

86. PRZ

Ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate 0.62 Indigenous By road


Trimethylorthoformate 0.75 Indigenous By road




Mono Methyl Hydrazine 0.79 Indigenous By road

Aq. HCl 0.07 Indigenous By road



87. DFEA

N methyl pyrolidine 2.27 Indigenous By road


Difluoro chloro ethane 0.79 Indigenous By road

88. EMTC

Ethyl acetoacetate 1.43 Indigenous By road

Sulfuryl Chloride 1.48 Indigenous By road



Phosphorous Pentasulphide 0.86 Indigenous By road

89. ETMD

2,5-Dimethylphenyl acetyl chloride 0.99 Indigenous By road

4-methoxy-cyclohexanone 0.77 Indigenous By road


Carbon Dioxide 0.17 Indigenous By road



Chlorobenzene 1.70 Indigenous By road



Sodium cyanide 0.32 Indigenous By road


90. HFMOP

OIME 2.48 Indigenous By road

Tetramethyl ammonium chloride 0.03 Indigenous By road



Sodium Hypochlorite 0.06 Indigenous By road

Dimethyl sulfate 0.93 Indigenous By road



KF 0.13 Indigenous By road

91. MDO


Epichlorohydrin 1.10 Indigenous By road

Tributyl amine 0.01 Indigenous By road

Tetra Ethylene Glycol 0.47 Indigenous By road


92. CMIBA

Isobutyryl Chloride 0.92 Indigenous By road


Anhydrous Zinc Chloride 0.02 Indigenous By road



93. CMTB



Sodium hydride 0.29 Indigenous By road

Tri Fluoroethanol (TFE) 1.46 Indigenous By road



94. PCBM

Chlorobenzene 1.99 Indigenous By road

Aluminum Chloride 1.77 Indigenous By road

Isobutyryl Chloride 1.25 Indigenous By road

1,2-Dichloro Ethane 0.71 Indigenous By road




Morpholine 1.04 Indigenous By road

95. Negolyte

Catechol 0.88 Indigenous By road


Titanium chloride 0.52 Indigenous By road



Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid 0.03 Indigenous By road



Table 2.7

Break up of Water consumption & Wastewater generation

Sr.

No.

Source Water

Consumption (KLD)

Wastewater

Generation (KLD)

I Domestic 60 50

II Gardening 148 00

III Industrial

a) Process 253 411

b) Scrubber 125

c) Water treatment 39 39

d) Boiler 460 50

e) Cooling 1480 124

f) Lab 10 10

g) Washing 50 50

Total Industrial 2417 684

Total (I+II+III) 2625 734*

Recycle water 134 -

Actual fresh water

requirement

2491 -

* Total w/w generation will be tune around 734 KLD; out of which 60 KLD

goes to incinerator, 40 KLD system loss & salt generation and 134 KLD

treated water recycle and resulted 500 KLD waste water generation goes to

ETP.



Table 2.8

Wastewater Quality

Parameters Unit Process &

Scrubber

Washing Utilities Equalize After

treatment

pH pH Unit 4-10 6.8 7.0 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

TSS mg/L 650 250 150 145 85-100

TDS mg/L 18910 4350 2500 5260 4500-5000

BOD mg/L 6300 650 10 1195 95-100

COD mg/L 28500 1650 50 1942 140-150

Phenol mg/L 8 1.5 0 1.6 0.85-1.0



Table 2.9

Details of Stacks

Sr.

No.

Stack attached to Fuel

Type

Stack

Height

in m

APC measures Probable

emission

Flue Gas Stacks

1 Boiler (03 Nos.) FO/NG 30 -- PM <150 mg/Nm3

SO2 <100 ppm

NOx <50 ppm

2 Thermic Fluid

Heater (01 Nos.)

FO/NG 20 -- PM <150 mg/Nm3

SO2 <100 ppm

NOx <50 ppm

3 DG Set (06 Nos.) -

4000 kVA each

HSD 30 -- PM <150 mg/Nm3

SO2 <100 ppm

NOx <50 ppm

Process Gas stacks

1 Reactor of Multi

Product Plant-10

-- 27 Alkali Scrubber HCl <20 mg/Nm3

Cl2 <9 mg/Nm3

NH3 <175 mg/Nm3

SO2 <40 mg/Nm3

Pesticide

compound in form

of Particulate

matter:<20

mg/Nm3

2 Reactor of Multi

Product Plant-11 -- 27 Alkali Scrubber

3 Reactor of Multi


4 Reactor of Multi


5 Reactor of Multi




Table 2.9 (a)

Estimated emission from stacks

Sr.

No.

Stack attached

to

Stack

Temp.

(0C)

Fuel Velocity

(m/s)

Dia. of

stack

(m)

Stack

Height

(m)

SPM

mg/

Nm3

SO2

mg/

Nm3

NOX

mg/

Nm3

Flue Gas Emission

1. Boiler (03 Nos.) 170 FO/

NG

6.4 2.5 30 95 60 25

2. Thermic Fluid

Heater (01 Nos.)

185 FO/

NG

7.1 0.425 20 85 50 30

3. DG Set-06 Nos.

4000 KVA each

210 HSD 15.0 0.675

(Comm

on)

30 110 30 35

Process Gas stacks

1. Process Stack

MPP-10

55 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:7.0 mg/Nm3

Cl2: 3.0 mg/Nm3

NH3: 10.0 mg/Nm3

SO2: 12.0 mg/Nm3

Pesticide compound

in form of Particulate

matter: 0.5 mg/Nm3

2. Process Stack

MPP-11

55 -- 6.4 0.300 27 HCl: 7.0 mg/Nm3

Cl2: 3.0 mg/Nm3

NH3: 10.0 mg/Nm3

SO2: 12.0 mg/Nm3

Pesticide compound


matter: 0.5 mg/Nm3

3. Process Stack

MPP-12

60 -- 7.1 0.300 27 HCl:7.0 mg/Nm3

Cl2: 3.0 mg/Nm3

NH3: 10.0 mg/Nm3

SO2: 12.0 mg/Nm3

Pesticide compound


matter: 0.5 mg/Nm3

4. Process Stack

MPP-13

55 -- 6.3 0.300 27 HCl: 7.0 mg/Nm3

Cl2: 3.0 mg/Nm3

NH3:10.0 mg/Nm3

SO2: 12.0 mg/Nm3

Pesticide compound


matter: 0.5 mg/Nm3

5. Process Stack

MPP-14

55 -- 6.7 0.300 27 HCl: 7.0 mg/Nm3

Cl2: 3.0 mg/Nm3

NH3: 10.0 mg/Nm3

SO2: 12.0 mg/Nm3

Pesticide compound


matter: 0.5 mg/Nm3



Table 2.9 (b)

Estimated work area quality of chemicals with TLV/TWA limit

Sr.

No.

Pollutant Location Results

(μg/m3)

TLV/TWA

Limit (ppm)

1 RPM Packing area 110.5 --

2 RPM Storage Yard 80.1 --

3 DMF Solvent storage yard 16.3 10

4 Iso Propyl Alcohol 14.5 400

5 Ethanol 10.1 1000

6 Hexane 45.2 50

7 Cl2 Chlorine Storage Yard 1.2 0.5

8 HCl Process area 2.6 --

Table 2.9 (c)

Source of Fuel

Name of

Fuel

Source Distance from

plant site

Mode of

transportation

FO/NG Local supplier Within 200 km from

plant site

Road transport

HSD Local supplier Within 200 km from

plant site



Table 2.10

Technical specification of Boiler

Sr.

No.

Description Unit Technical Specifications

1.0 GENERAL PERFORMANCE

1.1 Steam Pressure -Safety

Valve Set Pressure

Kg/cm2 10.54

1.2 Steam Temperature 0C 180

1.3 Stack Temperature 0C 180-200

1.4 Dryness Fraction % 98

2.0 DESIGN DATA

2.1 Design Code - IBR 1950 (with latest

amendment)

2.2 Design Pressure Kg/Sq.cm 12.17

2.3 MOC -

2.4 Shell - SA 515/516 Gr.70

2.5 Tubes - BS 3059 Part 1 Gr.320 OR

IS 1914 Part 4 Gr.320

2.6 Type of Grate - N/A (F.O FIRED BOILER)

2.7 Heating Surface Area m2 392

2.8 Water Holding Capacity m3 28.95

2.9 Steam Holding Capacity m3 6.73

2.10 Steam/Water Interface m2

3.0 COMPONENT DATA

3.1 Number of Reversal

Chamber No.

2

3.2 Shell Inside Dia. (Main) mm 3200

3.3 Shell Length mm 7500

3.4 Shell Thk. mm 14

3.5 Tubes

3.6 OD/Thickness mm 76.2/3.66

3.7 Length mm (6448/7434)

3.8 Quantity Nos. (110/84)

3.9 Furnace Qty 1

3.10 Outside Dia. mm 1640

3.11 Length mm 6500



Table 2.11

Technical specification of Scrubber

HCl recovery system: (Acid scrubber)

Size: Column Dia. 750 mm, 8000 mm Ht., 02 Nos.

MOC: HDPE

Internals: Packing, Ht 5800 mm, Pall ring, Size 2”, HDPE

Design Data:

Gas Flow Rate: 1500 m3/hr.

Gas Temp: Inlet gas temp. 40oC @ Ist column inlet

Working temp: 50oC

Working Press: -250 to 300 mm WC

Gas Handled: Acidic Vapours

Absorbing Media: Ist column water scrubbing media followed by

caustic solution column

Scrubber Solution Collection Tank: 2 Nos.

Capacity: 5000 Ltr. each

MOC: MS+FRVE lined

Scrubbing Solution Transfer Pump - 2 Nos.

Type: Centrifugal Pump

Capacity: 10 m3/hr

Head: 35 mlc

Electrical Motor: 10 Hp / 2900

MOC: CS-PFA lined

Recirculation piping (1 lot) MS-HDPE lined



Table 2.11 (a)

Alkali Scrubber

Size: Column Dia. 1400 mm, 8000 mm Ht, 02 Nos.

MOC: HDPE

Internals: Packing, Ht 5700 mm, Pall ring, Size 2”, HDPE

Design Data:

Gas Flow Rate: 6000 m3/hr

Gas Temp: Inlet gas temp. 40 Oc @ Ist column inlet

Working temp: 50 oC

Working Press: -250 to 300 mm WC

Gas Handled: Hydrocarbon vapors from plant

Absorbing Media: Ist column water scrubbing media followed by

caustic solution column

Scrubber Solution Collection Tank: 1 No.

Capacity: 5000 Ltr. each

MOC: MS+FRVE line

Scrubbing Solution Transfer Pump - 1 No.

Type: Centrifugal Pump

Capacity: 15 m3/hr

Head: 25 mlc

Electrical Motor: 5 Hp / 2900

MOC: SS

Recirculation piping (1 lot) - MS-HDPE lined



Table 2.12

Details of Hazardous/Solid Waste

Sr.

No.

Type of

Waste

Category of

Waste as per

HWM Rules

2016

Quantity Disposal facility

1. MEE salt 35.3 235

MT/month

Collection, Storage,

Transportation & Disposal in

approved common TSDF/ co-

processing.

2. Used Oil 5.1 25

KL/month

Collection, storage and reused

or sold to registered refiners

3. Residues after

distillation,

fractionation,

condensation

recovery etc./ Solvent

Distillation Residue

20.3 300

MT/month

Collection, storage, &

Incineration at PI, Unit-I or in

approved common incineration

facility or co-Processing/

incineration

4. Spent Carbon 36.2 50

MT/month

Collection, storage &



facility or Send to Authorized

recyclers/ re-processors for

recovery/ co-processing

5. Process Waste

(Process Waste

Sludge/residue)

29.1 1800

MT/month




facility or Co-processing/co-

incineration facility

6. Discarded containers

/ drums/

liners

33.1 300 MTPM

&

50000

nos./month

Recycled or sold to authorized

scrap dealer or end users or

disposal in approved common

TSDF/incineration at PI, Unit-I

as well approved common

facility or sent for common

decontamination facility

7. Date Expired off

specification products

29.3 100

MT/month




facility/co-processing

8. Spent/Crude Solvent 29.4 1500

MT/month


Incineration at PI, Unit-I or at

authorized CHWIF facility or

Co-processing or reuse by in-

house solvent distillation. In

Some of the product where

purity requirements are very

high, recycling is not possible

due to build-up of moisture or

some specific impurity, such



solvents are required to be sent

to authorized as well as CPCB

registered solvent distillation

unit. Sold to GPCB Authorized

recyclers/distillators/re-

processor

9. Spent Catalyst 29.5 50

MT/month

Collection, storage &



facility or co-processing, Send

to Authorized recyclers/ re-

processors for recovery or sent

for regeneration to supplier.

10. Spent Acid 29.6 1500

MT/month

Collection, storage, & sold to

authorized recyclers/re-

processors, re-user

11. Spent Resin 34.2 2

MT/month

Collection, storage,

transportation and disposal in

approved common TSDF



Table 2.13

Estimated Characteristics of Hazardous waste

S.

No.

Parameters Unit Result

(ETP Sludge)

AS IS BASIS

1. Moisture (%) - 18.36

2. Ether Soluble gm/Kg 0.21

3. TIS at 5500C gm/Kg 735

WATER LEACHATE (10% SOLUTION IN DISTILLED WATER)

1. pH pH Unit 7.2

2. Sulphate gm/Kg 25.3

3. Chloride gm/Kg 15.4

4. Total Alkalinity gm/Kg 5.8

5. Total Dissolved Solid gm/Kg 72.5

6. COD gm/Kg 16.3

7. Iron gm/Kg 0.141

8. Total Chromium gm/Kg 1.3

9. Hexavalent Chromium gm/Kg 0.18

10. Copper gm/Kg ND

ACID LEACHATE

1. Iron gm/Kg 32.1

2. Total Chromium gm/Kg ND

3. Hexavalent Chromium gm/Kg ND

4. Copper gm/Kg ND



Figure 2.1

Water Balance Diagram

All units are in KLD

ETP & Incinerator of the adjoining unit will be utilize to treat the effluent to be generated from

PI, Unit-II

DM rejects 39

232

Water consumption 2625 KLD (2491 Fresh + 134 recycle)

Domestic 60

Process water 378

Washing

50

Utilities 1845+134*

Greenbelt 148

Boiler

460

Cooling

1480

ETP

50+59+252+50+10+40+39 =500

Domestic effluent

50

DM treatment 1979

60

Bleed off 124

Process 253

Scrubber 125

MEE

292

Blow down 50

Finally discharged into SEZ common sump

ETP

59 Incinerator

60

By-

Product 65

Salt 9.0

System Loss

31

Lab 10

To TSDF

Filter

124+50=174

RO

RO Reject 40

RO Permeate

134*

Treated water

1940 98 from

RM

Effluent treatment Plant to Adjacent Unit SPM-28

252

*



Figure 2.2

Flow Diagram of ETP of PI, Unit-I

Buffer tank

Screen chamber

Oil & grease tank

Equalization tank

Flash Mixer

Flocculation Tank

Primary Settling

tank

1st stage bioreactor

2nd

stage bioreactor

1st stage secondary

tank

2nd

stage secondary

tank

Intermediate tank

Pressure sand filter

Activated carbon

filter

Guard pond

Sludge holding tank

followed by Filter

Press

Treated water to ECP

channel through SEZ sump

Filter Press



Figure 2.3

Incinerator Process flow of PI, Unit-I



Figure 2.4

MEE Flow Diagram



Figure 2.5

Plant Layout



Chapter-3

Description of the Environment

3.1 PRELUDE

To assess environmental impacts from proposed project at a specific

location, it is essential to monitor the existing environmental quality

prevailing in the surrounding area prior to implementation of the project.

The environmental status within the impact zone could be used for

identification of significant environmental issues to be addressed in the

impact assessment study. Baseline data generation forms a part of the

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and helps to evaluate the

predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study

area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted impact

assessment methodologies. This section contains the description of

baseline studies of 10-km radius surrounding the project site. Baseline

study was carried out to understand following environmental parameters.

Land Environment

Meteorology

Air Environment

Water Environment

Soil Environment

Noise Environment

Biological Environment

Socio-economic Environment

The data collected has been used to understand the existing environment

scenario around the project site against which the potential impacts of

the project can be assessed.

3.1.1 Study Area

M/s. PI Industries Ltd. proposes to set up at Plot No. SPM 29/2, Sarod,

Taluka: Jambusar, District: Bharuch, Gujarat. The baseline study was

carried out within 10 km radius from the center of the project site as per

the TOR issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.



3.1.2 Period of Study

The baseline study of the project was carried out during Jan, 2017 to

March, 2017 within 10 km radius from the center of the project site.

3.2 SOURCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA GENERATION

Baseline information on micrometeorology, ambient air quality, water

quality, noise level, soil quality and ecology (flora-fauna) are generated

by M/s. San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Environment Consultants, from

Ahmedabad. Apart from these, secondary data have been collected from

census book, revenue records, forest department, meteorological

department etc. The generation of primary as well as collection of

secondary data & information from the site and surrounding was carried

out during the study period.

3.2.1 Methodology

The process & methodology adopted for various environmental attributes

in the study is as follows:

To assess the air environment in the study area, monitoring of the Air

quality was done by setting up reconnaissance. The samples were

collected by installation of Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) Sampler

(with gaseous attachment & FPS facility) at different locations for

monitoring of primary air pollutants.

Ground water samples & surface water samples were analyzed for the

parameters necessary to determine water quality (based on IS:

10500-2012 & APHA AWWA, 22nd edition) & those which are relevant

from the point of view of environmental impacts of the project site.

Soil samples were collected using an Auger and analyzed for relevant

physico-chemical characteristics in order to assess the impact on soil.

The noise level monitoring was done at various locations at different

intervals of time with the help of sound level meter.

Socio-economic data was collected from field studies and secondary

sources like Census of India 2011, Revenue record, etc.

3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (includes

grass, trees, bare ground, water etc.); whereas Land use is the human

use of land. Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an important



role in identifying susceptible issues and to take appropriate action to

uphold ecological equilibrium in the region. Main objective is to provide a

baseline status of the study area so that temporal changes due to the

proposed activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future.

3.3.1 Land use pattern of the Study Area

The study area of 10-km around the project site is considered for the

land use pattern study. It indicates the way in which the land is utilized

for different purposes. The land-use distribution of the study area is given

in Table 3.1. Land-use map is given in Figure 3.11.

Table 3.1 Land use statistics based on satellite imagery

Sr. No.

Class Area (Sq. Km.) Area (%)

1 Agricultural Land 166.37 52.838

2 Barren Land 38.00 12.069

3 Canal 2.80 0.889

4 Dry Salt Flats 6.58 2.091

5 Industrial 2.16 0.687

6 Reservoir 1.50 0.476

7 Residential 4.89 1.553

8 Stream 58.39 18.545

9 Tidal Flat 31.78 10.095

10 Transportation 2.38 0.757

Total 314.87 100

3.3.2 Objective of land use Studies

The objectives of land use studies are:

To develop land use & land cover map using land coordinates of the

project area.

To identify and mark important basic features according primary

and secondary data.

To suggest measures for conservation and sustainable use of land.

3.4 METEOROLOGY

Meteorology is the key to understand the air quality. Wind fluctuations

over a very wide range of time, accomplish dispersion and strongly

influence other processes associated with them. The micrometeorological

conditions at the project site will be regulating the transport and diffusion

of air pollutants released into the atmosphere.



3.4.1 Site specific micro-meteorological data

The data on meteorological parameters in the study area were collected

during the study period by setting up portable weather monitoring station

at project site. The sensor of the equipment was kept at sufficient height

(about 10 m) from ground level with free exposure to the atmosphere.

The wind data generated at site were also compared with the

climatologically data obtained from the nearest Indian Meteorological

Department station at Vadodara. The monitoring methodology is given in

Table 3.2 & data collected are presented in Table 3.3. The following

parameters were recorded at hourly intervals during monitoring period:

• Wind speed & Wind direction

• Temperature

• Relative humidity

• Rainfall

Table 3.2: Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data

S.

No.

Sampling

Parameters

Sample Collection Total

Sampling

Period

Sampling

Frequency

Methodology

Sampling

Equipment

Sensitivity/

Detection

Limit

1 Wind Speed Anemometer

cup counter

(0 to 65 m/s)

0.25 m/s Jan, 17 to

March, 17

Hourly As per

manufacturer’s

manual,

Instruments are

Calibrated 2 Wind

Direction

Wind vane

(0° to 357°)

10

3 Temperature Thermometer

(-40° to 60°)

0.10C

4 Humidity Thermometer

(-40° to 60°)

3%

5 Rainfall Rain gauge 0.5 mm

6 Cloud Cover -- -- 4 Hourly Visual Inspection

Table 3.3: Meteorological Data (Period: Jan, 2017 to March, 2017)

Month Wind speed

(km/hr.)

Pre dominant

wind

direction

Temp.

(0C)

Relative

Humidity

(%)

Rain fall (mm)

Max Min Ma

x

Min Max Min 24 hrs.

highest

No. of

rainy days

Jan, 17 20.93 0 NE, NNE, NNW 36 15 83 23 No rainfall during

the study period Feb, 17 20.93 0 NE,NNE, W 40 17 82 15

March,

17

20.93 0 NNW,NW,WNW 44 21 65 12

Average 7.89 NNE 28.6 33.6 --

3.4.2 Wind Rose

Wind rose is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed in a specified

direction with its arms representing sixteen directions, each arms give a



frequency distribution of wind speed in a particular direction for a given

period of time. It is one of the most important meteorological parameters

and governs dispersion, diffusion & transportation of pollutants. The %

frequencies of wind in 16 directions have been computed from the

recorded data during the study period for 24-hourly intervals to plot wind

rose. The predominant wind directions - NE, NNE, NNW and WNW;

implying that winds come from these directions for most of the time

during the period. The wind speed class 1-5 kmph occurred for 6.53%, 6-

10 kmph about 21.3%, 11-15 kmph 37.59% and above 15 kmph and

below 40 kmph occurred for 24.12% of the study period. Calm wind

during this period is 10.46%. Wind rose diagram is shown as Figure 3.7.

3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

3.5.1 Introduction

To quantify the impact of the project on the ambient air quality, it is

necessary to evaluate the existing ambient air quality of the area. The

ambient air quality monitoring with respect to the study area of 10 km

radius around the project site was done for the baseline information.

3.5.2 Design Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through

a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The

design of monitoring network is based on the following considerations:

Topography/Terrain of the study area

Populated areas within the region

Prediction of maximum concentrations and distances of their likely

occurrence under prevailing meteorological conditions

Representation of regional background

Representatives of likely impact areas

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were placed at eight

locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points.

3.5.3 Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance was undertaken to establish the baseline status of air

environment in the study region. The monitoring locations (relative

directions and distances) are given in Table 3.10 & shown in Figure 3.6

and results are given in Table 3.12 to 3.16.



3.5.4 Parameters, Frequency and monitoring Methodology

The existing ambient air quality, in terms of Particulate Matter-10 (PM10),

Particulate Matter-2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro Carbon (HC), HCl has been

measured. It was ensured that, the equipment was placed at open space

free from any obstacles at a height of at least 3 to 4 m above the ground

level at each monitoring station. Monitoring has been carried out as per

the latest CPCB and MoEF&CC guidelines and notifications. Details of

methodology are given in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring

Sampling

Parameters

Instrument

used

Analytical

equipment

Sensitivity/

Detection Limit

Test method

PM10 RDS (Respirable

Dust Sampler)

Electronic

Balance

1 μg/m3 Gravimetric

IS: 5182

(Part 23) 2006

PM2.5 FPM (Fine

Particulate

Sampler)

APM 550

Electronic

Balance

1 μg/m3 Gravimetric

CPCB Guidelines

for Ambient Air

Monitoring

SO2 Gaseous flow

attachment with

RDS sampler

Spectro

Photometer

1.7 μg/m3 Colorimetric

IS: 5182: (Part II)

2001

NOx Gaseous flow

attachment with

RDS sampler

Spectro

Photometer

0.5 μg/m3 Colorimetric

IS: 5182: (Part VI)

2006

CO CO Analyzer/GC Bladder &

Pump

1145 μg/m3 Sensor/GC method

(IS: 5182: Part

10)

HC GC Bladder &

Pump

1 ppm Gas

Chromatography

Duration of sampling of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 & NOx was 24-hourly continuous

sampling per day and CO, HC, HCl, Cl2 were sampled for 8-hours duration.

The monitoring was done for twice a week for three months.

3.5.5 Interpretation of result

The existing baseline levels with respect to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX are

tabulated in Tables 3.12 to 3.15 & chart is given as figure 3.2 to 3.5.

Particulate Matter (PM10)

Average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the

locations were found to be in range of 60.1-67.4 g/m3 and 65.8-74.5

g/m3. The results were found well within the National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS-CPCB) of 100 g/m3 and have negligible

adverse impact by proposed project activities.



Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the

locations ranged from 28.8-32.9 g/m3 and 30.9-37.8 g/m3. The values

are well within National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS-CPCB) of

60 g/m3 and have negligible adverse impact by proposed project

activities.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged from 8.7-10.3 g/m3 and 9.6-12.8 g/m3

respectively, which are well below National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS-CPCB) of 80 g/m3 and have negligible adverse impact by

proposed project activities.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Average and 98th percentile value of 24 hourly NOx value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged from 13.2-17.7 g/m3 and 14.8-19.3

g/m3 respectively, which are well below the National Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS-CPCB) of 80 g/m3 and have negligible adverse

impact by proposed project activities.

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 Geology and Hydro-Geology of the Study Area

Geology of the Project area

Geologically the project area falls under lower Pleistocene age i.e. Tertiary

period of Cenozoic era. It contains marine and Fluvio-marine sediments.

Geologically, Jambusar formation is composed of yellow, grey clays,

coarse sand, kankar and typically points to its deposition under regressive

shallow marine to fluviatile conditions. The formation is overlain by

alluvial formation of Holocene period. Fluvialite conditions are primarily

deposition of eroded material from upper reaches occurred during periods

of low flow. These result in flood plains, which are limited in extension

and depth.

Geo-hydrology:

The topography of the area is almost flat. Therefore, the possibility of

water retention is less. During monsoon, the surface water is collected in

small ponds through the surrounding area of various dimensions.



Approximately, all ponds are dried up in peak summer season. If the

storage of the ponds could be increased, they may contain some quantity

of water during summer season also.

Hydrogeology:

The composition of the subsoil strata is alternate bands of clay and sand.

Clay is sticky in nature. This is due to the salinity at moderate depth (15

Mts. to 18Mts.). Static water level varies from 8 Mts. to 12 Mts., while,

pumping water level varies between 12 mt to 15 mt depth. Water

structures which are located on the bank of the ponds are yielding better

quality of water. The yield (discharge) of the water structures also varies

with their locations. The yield varies from 2000 lph to 50,000 lph.

Infiltration:

Generally the variability of the stream flow depends on the source of the

supply if the source of stream flow is from surface run-off. The stream is

characterized by short periods of high flow with long periods of low flow or

no flow at all. In case of Dhadhar River these contains low flow (mostly

effluent of upper reaches area probably effluent from Vadodara City). Low

surface gradient of the area and upper fluvial deposits may allow little

infiltration in upper un-confined aquifer system.

Aquifer System:

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or

unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater

can be extracted using water well. The sedimentary deposits of recent

age are considered as alluvial deposits. The alluvium contains soil and

clay majorly. Sand mixed with kankar is porous in nature, suitable for

storage of ample quantities of groundwater. Water table in the study area

is varying with 10 m to 15 m. During the monsoon, it is naturally

recharged.

3.7 WATER QUALITY

3.7.1 Introduction

Water quality assessment is one of the essential components of EIA

study. Such assessment helps in evaluating the existing health of water

body and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the

potential impact from development projects. The water quality at the site



and other locations within the 10-km impact zone was monitored during

the study period. The purpose of the study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions

recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and

related activities.

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were

finalized based on:

Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely

impact areas; and

Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

3.7.2 Sampling Frequency, Techniques & Methodology

Four surface water and eight groundwater samples were collected during

the study period. Ground water samples were collected from the existing

bore wells, while surface water was collected from ponds/river by surface

water sampler. These samples were taken as grab samples. Necessary

precautions were taken for preservation of samples. Sampling locations

with source & date of sampling is given in Table 3.5. The samples were

analyzed for physico-chemical parameters to assess the existing water

quality of the area (based on IS: 10500-2012 & APHA/AWWA, 22nd

edition). The water sampling locations and the result of the analysis

(ground water and surface water) is presented in the Figure 3.8 & Table

3.18 & 3.19 respectively.

Table 3.5 Sampling locations with source & date of sampling

Ground Water Sampling Locations

Sample

Code

Location Date of

Sampling

Taluka District

GW1 Project Site 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW2 Valipore 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW3 Sarod 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW4 Samoj 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW5 Vedach 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW6 Dabha 16/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW7 Piludara 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

GW8 Bhodar 16/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch



Surface Water Sampling Locations

Sample Code

Location Date of Sampling

Taluka District

SW1 River Mahi 14/02/17 -- --

SW2 Village pond Valipore 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

SW3 Village pond Vedach 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

SW4 Village pond Gajera 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

3.7.3 Surface Water Quality (Primary data)

Surface water samples were collected from River Mahi, Village pond of

Valipore, Vedach & Gajera. Analysis of the same is given in Table 3.19.

The results have been compared with the drinking water quality

standards specified in IS: 10500-2012. It was observed that all the

physico chemical parameters and heavy metals are below stipulated

drinking water standards & it is suitable for drinking and other purposes.

3.7.4 Ground Water Quality

Groundwater is one of the sources of drinking water in the area. Ground

water samples were collected from Nr. Project site, Valipore, Sarod,

Samoj, Vedach, Dabha, Piludara and Bhodar. The results of the ground

water quality monitored during the study period are given in Table 3.18.

3.7.5 Interpretation

The samples were taken as grab samples and analyzed for various

parameters of ground water. Sampling location is shown in Figure 3.8.

Color: All the samples were found color less meeting desirable norms.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.1 to

7.8).

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 1232 mg/L

(Vedach) to 1690 mg/L (Sarod). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 2000 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water are not

available).

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 57 mg/L (Dabha) to

112 mg/L (Samoj), all the samples meet the permissible limit of 200

mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water is not available).

Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 36 mg/L

(Samoj) to 61 mg/L (Dabha). All the samples meet the permissible limit

of 100 mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).



Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 53 mg/L (Vedach) to

92 mg/L (Sarod). All the samples meet the permissible limit of 400 mg/L

for drinking water (if alternate source of potable water in not available).

Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.54 mg/L (Sarod)

to 0.89 mg/L (Valipore). All the samples meet the permissible limit (1.5

mg/L).

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 262

mg/L (Vedach) to 342 mg/L (Samoj). All the samples are within the

permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate source of

portable water is not available).

Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 51 mg/L to 63 mg/L),

Sodium (ranges from 346 mg/L to 476 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from

572 mg/L to 813 mg/L).

Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium and zinc are well below the

limit in all samples.

3.7.6 Conclusion

The results have been compared with the drinking water quality

standards specified in IS: 10500-2012 & meet the permissible limit set by

the authority (BIS). Indian Standard specification for drinking water is

given in Table 3.20.

3.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. The definition of noise as

unwanted sound implies that it has an adverse effect on human beings

and their environment. The noise level variation can be temporal, spatial.

It interferes with speech and hearing and is intense enough to damage

hearing or is otherwise annoying. Noise can also disturb natural wildlife

and ecological system. It is therefore, necessary to measure both the

quality as well as the quantity of noise in and around the proposed site.

3.8.1 Instrument used for Sampling and Monitoring

The intensity of sound energy in the environment is measured in a

logarithmic scale and is expressed in a decibel, dB(A) scale. Sound Level

Meter (SLM) is used for the collection of data related to noise at an

interval of one hour. The day noise levels have been monitored during

6:00 am to 10:00 pm and night noise levels during 10:00 pm to 6:00 am



at all the eight locations. Noise levels recorded at each station are

computed for equivalent noise levels. Noise monitoring methodology is

given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 Monitoring Methodology of Noise

Environment

Component

Sampling

Location

Test method Instrument

used

Make

Ambient

Noise level

08

Locations

As per manufacturers

Manual

Sound Level

Meter

Mextech-

SL-4012

3.8.2 Noise Quality Monitoring Locations

The noise survey was conducted to assess the background noise levels in

different zones. Noise level measurements have been made at 8 locations

within the study area using Sound Level Meter. Based on the Gazettes

Notification (S.O. 123(E)) of MoEF dated February 14, 2000 on ambient

air quality standards, 8 monitoring locations were selected. The noise

monitoring locations & its results are given in Table 3.21 & Figure 3.9.

3.8.3 Ambient Noise Standards

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) has notified the noise

standards vide Gazette Notification, 14.02.2000 for different zones viz.

industrial, commercial, residential & silence zones under the Environment

Protection Act, 1986. These standards are given in Table 3.22.

3.8.4 Results

The noise levels of various locations are given in Table 3.21. The

monitored noise level in the day time Leq (Ld) varies from 52.9 to 61.2

dB(A) and the night time Leq (Ln) varies from 42.2 to 54.5 dB(A) within

the study area. Higher noise value of 61.2 dB(A) was recorded during day

time at Project site & lower noise value of 42.2 dB(A) was recorded

during night time in village Samoj.

3.8.5 Conclusion

Based on the observations made during the studies, it is concluded that;

the noise levels recorded at various locations in the study area show

considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic movement,

commercial and other domestic activities in the study area. Overall the

ambient noise level in the monitored locations was found to be within the

permissible limits stipulated for residential and industrial areas.



3.9 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth’s crust that serves as a

natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral

matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and

environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants

and crops. The objective of the soil sampling is:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics;

To monitor the impact on soil (pollutant deposition/other)

3.9.1 Soil sampling locations

Soil quality of the study area is one of the important components for

environment impact assessment. The composite soil samples were

collected from the study area from six locations (Project site, Valipore,

Sarod, Dabha, Piluadra and Vedach) and were analyzed for different

parameters. The locations of the monitoring are given in Table 3.7 below

& its results are given in Table 3.23.

Table 3.7 Location of soil sampling

Sample Code

Locations Date of sampling

Tehsil District

S1 Project site 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

S2 Valipore 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

S3 Sarod 14/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

S4 Dabha 16/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

S5 Piludara 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

S6 Vedach 15/02/17 Jambusar Bharuch

3.9.2 Methodology

To understand the soil quality of the study area, analysis of all soil

samples were conducted by making suspension of soil sample for various

physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Analysis was done by using

following methodology.

Table 3.8 Methodology of Soil Sample analysis

Sampling

Parameters

Sample

collection

Analytical

Equipment

Methodology Remarks

Porosity

Manual

sample

Collection in

polyethylene

bags using

an Auger

- IS: 2720 Part 7 Trial pit

method

for topsoil

sample

collection;

disturbed

samples

Water holding

capacity

- -

Permeability - IS: 2720 Part 17

Moisture

content

Electronic

Balance

IS: 2720 Part 2

Texture - IS: 2720 Part 4

Particle size Glass wares IS: 2720 Part 4 5% Leachate



Distribution to

be made and

analyzed as

per

APHA,

“Standard

Methods”

All method

numbers are

as

per APHA

“Standard

Methods”

(22nd

edition)

Cation

Exchange

Capacity

Centrifuge IS: 2720 Part 24

(1976)

SAR

F. Photometer

(Na, K)

Titration

(Ca & Mg)

Calculation

pH pH Meter 4500 H+B

Electrical

Conductivity

Conductivity

Meter

As per IS 14767

-2000

Calcium Glassware 3500 Ca B

Magnesium Glassware 3500 Mg B

Sodium (Na) Flame

Photometer

3500 Na B

Potassium Flame

Photometer

3500 K B

3.9.3 Corollaries

Physical Parameters

Particle Size: A Particle size of the different constituents (clay, silt, sand

and gravel) controls the porosity and water holding characteristic of the

soil. Clay (size<0.002 mm) amount in the soil samples ranges from 12%

to 16%; Silt (size 0.002 to 0.075 mm) in the soil samples is 23% to 28%

and Sand (size 0.075 to 0.475 mm) in the soil samples is 31% to 40%,

while Gravel (size>4.75 mm) in the soil samples is 22% to 27%. Analysis

shows that the soil has moderate water holding capacity.

Porosity: Porosity is a measure of space in between soil particles caused

by structural conditions and determined under identical conditions.

Porosity of soil samples of the study area ranges from 43.7% to 45.7%.

Water Holding Capacity (WHC): Water Holding Capacity (WHC) of soil

samples of the study area ranges between 32% to 39%.

Bulk Density: Bulk Density of soils in the study area is found to be in the

range from 1.34 to 1.39 g/cm3.

Chemical Parameters

pH: pH of soils in the study area is found to be in the range of 7.4 to 7.9.

Chloride: Chloride content in soils of the study area is found to be in the

range of 179 to 229 mg/kg.

Soluble Calcium: The soluble calcium as CaCO3 in soil samples is found

to be in the range of 129 to 149 mg/kg.



Magnesium: Magnesium content in soil samples of the study area ranges

from 41 to 56 mg/kg.

Total Phosphorus: Available Phosphorus content in soil samples of the

study area ranges from 13.5 to 18.3 mg/kg.

Total Nitrogen: Available nitrogen content in soil samples of the study

area is found to be in the range from 106 to 116 mg/kg.

Potassium: Potassium content in soil samples of the study area is found

to be in the range from 16 to 38 mg/kg.

Sodium: Sodium content in soil samples of the study area is found to be

in the range from 295 to 392 mg/kg.

Total Organic Matter (TOM): Total organic matter content in soil

samples of the study area is found to be in the range of 1.31 to 1.49

mg/kg.

3.9.4 Conclusion

In the study area, variations in the pH value ranging from 7.4 to 7.9

which shows that the soil is slightly alkaline in nature. Organic Matter

ranges from 1.31 to 1.49 mg/kg in the soil samples. Soil of the study

area is known to be good for cultivation. Generally, soils with low bulk

density have favorable physical conditions (porosity and permeability)

whereas those with high bulk density exhibit poor physical conditions for

agriculture crops.

3.10 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

An ecological study is essential to understand the impact of industry &

urbanization on existing flora and fauna of the study area. The biological

study was undertaken as a part of the EIA study report to:

Understand the present status of ecosystem prevailing in the study

area.

Compare it with past condition with the help of available data.

Predict changes in the biological environment as a result of present

activities and to suggest measures for maintaining its health.

The survey was conducted to study the flora & fauna in 10 km radius.

Some of the information was gathered from the local habitants. All the

collected data were classified to interpret the impact of pollution on the

flora and fauna of the region.



3.10.1 Period of the study

The baseline study, for the assessment of the floral and faunal

biodiversity of the terrestrial environment, within 10 km radius from the

site was conducted during Jan, 2017 to March, 2017.

3.10.2 Study methodology

Survey methodology was based on the flora & fauna species identification

in person and recently recorded and found in the region by the localities.

Sampling of grass species was carried out by quadrat sampling method to

examine the species distribution.

Table 3.9 Methods used for sampling of flora and fauna

Taxa Sampling Methods

Plants Quadrate sampling and enumeration

Amphibians Visual encounter survey

Reptiles Visual encounter survey

Birds Point count, opportunistic observation

Mammals Tracks and signs and visual encounter survey

Quadrat Sampling Method:

A quadrat (or plot-based) survey is a quantitative examination of species

distribution & abundance. Quadrats are more likely to detect

inconspicuous species because a smaller area is sampled in a

concentrated search. The survey was carried out for the vegetation

ground cover found in the road edges by 1 m2 quadrat and study on the

edge effect due to rapid industrialization and urbanization.

3.10.3 Floral species in the study area

Flora is basically the plant life that is present in a particular region or

habitat at a particular time. List of flora found in the study area is

tabulated in Table 3.24.

3.10.4 Fauna in the study area

Fauna is the animal life that is present in a particular region or habitat at

a particular time. Faunal biodiversity with their scientific names and

common names is presented in Table 3.25.

3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

An essential part of environmental study is socio-economic environment

incorporating various facts related to socio-economic conditions in the



area, which deals with the total environment. Socio economic study

includes demographic structure of the area, provision of basic amenities

viz., housing, education, health and medical services, occupation, water

supply, sanitation, communication, transportation as well as feature of

aesthetic significance such as temples, historical monuments etc. at the

baseline level. This would help in visualizing and predicting the possible

impact depending upon the nature and magnitude of the project. Socio-

economic study of an area provides a good opportunity to assess the

socioeconomic conditions of an area. This study will possibly make a

change in living and social standards of the particular area benefitted due

to the project. The gross economic production of the area will be

increased substantially due to the existence of this project. It can

undoubtedly be said that this plant will provide direct and indirect

employment and improve the infrastructural facilities and standards of

living of the area.

3.11.1 Objective of the study

The objectives of this socio-economic report consist of:

To conduct socio-economic assessment study in lease Area

To help in providing better living standards.

To know the current socio-economic situation in the region to cover

the sub sectors of education, health, sanitation, water and food

security.

To provide employment opportunities.

3.11.2 Land use pattern and infrastructure

The land use pattern indicates the manner in which different parts of land

in an area is being utilized or non-utilized. It is an important indicator of

environmental health; human activity and a degree of inter play between

these two. Even though the soil quality, water availability and climate

have strong influence on agriculture and vegetation, the human activity

may alter the natural environment to a large extent to suit human needs.

Unnatural land use often triggers rapid environmental deterioration and

disturbs ecological balance. In census records, major land use

classifications are; Forests, Culturable land, Culturable wasteland and

area not available for cultivation. Culturable land is further classified as:



irrigated and un-irrigated. Area not available for cultivation includes lands

put to non-agriculture uses as well as barren and uncultivable lands.

The main land use in area is for dwellings, infrastructure and related

activities. However, the land use pattern for rural areas is discussed

below. The information is preliminary based on 2011 Census as depicting

in Table 3.27. Total land area is 32770.6 ha, out of that Irrigated area is

3408 ha and it constitutes 10.40%. 12857.9 ha are un-irrigated by

source and it constitutes 39.23% of total land area. The study area

consist of Cultivable wasteland is 37 ha (0.11%). Area not available for

cultivation is 13029.9 ha & it constitute 39.76%.

3.11.3 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment

The demographic and Socio-economic details of the study area are

discussed below. These are primarily based on census data of 2011. Data

on number of households, population as well as literacy and employment

pattern in the study area have been presented in Table-3.28. The

employment pattern in the area is indicator of number of persons

employed in various sectors. It also indicates the various categories of

employment flourishing in the area. The Study area in 10 km radius has

21 villages including project site.

The total no. of household in the villages are 16532 and the total

population is 78436 (52.37% men & 47.89% women). 69.34% of are

literate while literacy rate among women & men is 40.28% & 29.05%

respectively. 27.89% of male population is part of main worker, while

only 4.79% of female population is a part of main workers. 3.02% of

male workers are marginal workers, while 7.24% of female workers are

engaged in such type of activities. 21.22% of male population and

35.84% of female population are non-workers.

3.11.4 Living Standard and Infrastructure

In India it is not possible to setup a primary standard of living because of

wide variations in terms of income, economic conditions, social custom,

employment opportunity, pattern of spending, etc. However, availability

of amenities like education, medical, water supply, communication, road

network, electricity, etc. significantly reflects the level of development of

the area. Information on available amenities in the study area has been



extracted from census record of 2011. Total numbers of village in study

area are 21. On the basis of data presented in the Table-3.29, the status

of available amenities is discussed in following sub-sections:

Educational Facilities

As per 2011 census, there are primary school in all 21 villages, 1 Pre-

primary school, 12 Secondary schools, and 2 Senior Secondary schools.

Medical Facilities

21 villages in the study area have 3 primary health centers, 13 primary

health sub centers, and 1 Veterinary hospital in study area of 10 km.

Drinking Water Supply

All the 21 villages in the study area have two or more sources of drinking

water. Most of the villages in study area have Hand pump supply in

addition to Tap water (almost all). Moreover all villages have facility of

Well water, river/canal and tank water, tube well or other facilities for

water.

Communication and Transport

The main mode of public transport available in the study area is by bus

service. In addition to land transport most of the villages have water

bound macadam facility. Majority of villages in the study area is

connected with state highways and pucca road.

Post and Telegraph

As per 2011 census record out of 21 villages in study area, almost all the

villages have phone facility at doorstep & sub post office facility. Villages

have facility of Public Call Office service at door step.

Power Supply

As per 2011 census record all the villages are getting power supply for all

purposes.



Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

(Period of Monitoring: January, 2017 to March, 2017)

Sr.

No.

Sampling

Location

Direction w.r.t

center of

Industry

Distance

(km)

Type of Area

1 Project site (A1) -- -- Industrial

2 Valipore (A2) SSW(DW) 3.4 Residential

3 Sarod (A3) WSW(UP) 5.1 Residential

4 Samoj (A4) SW (CW) 6.45 Residential

5 Vedach(A5) SE (DW) 6.1 Residential

6 Dabha (A6) SSE(DW) 8.73 Residential

7 Piludara (A7) E (DW) 7.0 Residential

8 Bhodar (A8) SSW(DW) 9.7 Residential



Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Status


Sr. No.

Sampling Station

PM10

(g/m3)

PM2.5

(g/m3)

SO2

(g/m3)

NOx

(g/m3)

Average (Min-Max)

1 Project site (A1) 67.4

(59.1-74.5)

32.9

(25.3-37.9)

10.3

(8.3-13.4)

17.7

(14.8-19.4)

2 Valipore (A2) 63.3 (61.9-69.2)

29.3 (26.1-34.8)

9.5 (7.9-10.8)

15.3 (12.9-18.2)

3 Sarod (A3) 65.9 (60.7-71.8)

31.1 (28.5-35.8)

9.1 (7.9-10.7)

15.0 (12.7-18.9)

4 Samoj (A4) 63.5

(54.1-69.0)

32.0

(27.3-38.8)

9.4

(8.0-11.3)

15.0

(13.3.-18.2)

5 Vedach(A5) 63.1

(57.8-76.6)

30.7

(23.4-35.3)

8.7

(7.8-9.7)

14.6

(13.0-16.5)

6 Dabha (A6) 65.0 (54.7-72.6)

31.0 (26.6-35.8)

9.1 (8.0-10.7)

14.8 (12.5-18.0)

7 Piludara (A7) 66.0 (54.7-72.6)

32.5 (25.2-37.8)

9.4 (7.8-11.5)

13.2 (11.7-15.0)

8 Bhodar (A8) 60.1

(56.9-66.2)

28.8

(26.7-31.1)

9.0

(7.8-10.7)

13.8

(11.7-15.6)

Standards 100 60 80 80

Figure 3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality



Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10)


Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3

Station Name Max Min 98th

Percentile

75th

Percentile

50th

Percentile

25th

Percentile

Avg SD

Project site

(A1)

74.5 59.1 74.5 71.0 68.2 63.2 67.4 4.9

Valipore (A2) 69.6 61.9 69.2 66.7 61.9 60.9 63.3 3.5

Sarod (A3) 71.8 60.7 71.3 68.7 65.4 63.8 65.9 3.1

Samoj (A4) 70.3 54.9 70.3 68.7 63.6 59.1 63.5 5.3

Vedach(A5) 69.0 54.1 68.6 65.7 64.5 59.8 63.1 4.3

Dabha (A6) 76.3 57.8 74.5 69.2 66.4 59.8 65.0 5.5

Piludara (A7) 72.6 54.7 72.0 69.8 66.3 63.5 66.0 4.6

Bhodar (A8) 66.2 56.9 65.8 60.5 59.7 58.8 60.1 2.4

Figure 3.2 Graphical representations for PM10



Table 3.13: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5)


Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3


Percentile

75th

Percentile

50th

Percentile

25th

Percentile

Avg SD

Project site

(A1)

37.9 25.2 37.8 34.3 32.7 31.6 32.9 3.0

Valipore (A2) 34.8 26.1 34.4 30.1 29.2 27.8 29.3 2.2

Sarod (A3) 35.8 28.5 35.4 32.3 30.5 29.7 31.1 2.0

Samoj (A4) 38.8 27.3 37.4 34.1 31.4 30.3 32.0 2.9

Vedach(A5) 35.3 23.4 35.3 31.9 30.4 29.5 30.7 2.8

Dabha (A6) 35.8 26.6 35.6 32.5 30.9 28.6 31.0 2.9

Piludara (A7) 37.8 25.2 37.4 33.6 32.2 31.6 32.5 2.7

Bhodar (A8) 31.1 26.7 30.9 30.0 28.8 27.4 28.8 1.5

Figure 3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5



Table 3.14: Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2)


Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3


Percentile

75th

Percentile

50th

Percentile

25th

Percentile

Avg SD

Project site

(A1)

13.4 8.3 12.8 10.8 10.2 9.7 10.3 1.2

Valipore (A2) 10.8 7.9 10.8 10.5 9.3 9.0 9.5 1.0

Sarod (A3) 10.7 7.9 10.6 9.6 9.2 8.5 9.1 0.8

Samoj (A4) 11.3 8.0 11.0 9.7 9.3 9.0 9.4 0.7

Vedach(A5) 9.7 7.8 9.6 9.3 8.7 8.3 8.7 0.6

Dabha (A6) 10.7 8.0 10.6 9.7 9.0 8.4 9.1 0.8

Piludara (A7) 11.5 7.8 11.5 10.0 9.2 8.5 9.4 1.2

Bhodar (A8) 10.7 7.8 10.6 9.5 8.9 8.4 9.0 0.9

Figure 3.4 Graphical representation for SO2



Table 3.15: Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx)


Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3


Percentile

75th

Percentile

50th

Percentile

25th

Percentile

Avg SD

Project site

(A1)

19.4 14.8 19.3 18.6 17.9 16.8 17.7 1.3

Valipore (A2) 18.2 12.9 18.1 16.2 15.4 14.5 15.3 1.5

Sarod (A3) 18.9 12.7 18.3 15.8 14.8 14.0 15.0 1.5

Samoj (A4) 18.2 13.3 17.6 15.7 14.8 14.1 15.0 1.3

Vedach(A5) 16.5 13.0 16.3 15.5 14.5 13.6 14.6 1.1

Dabha (A6) 18.0 12.5 17.9 16.0 14.7 13.3 14.8 1.7

Piludara (A7) 15.0 11.7 14.8 14.0 13.1 12.4 13.2 1.0

Bhodar (A8) 15.6 11.7 15.6 14.6 14.1 12.8 13.8 1.2

Figure 3.5 Graphical representation for NOX



Table 3.16: Ambient Air Quality Status

(CO, HC (Methane & Non-methane Hydrocarbon), HCl, NH3 & Cl2)


Station Name CO

(g/m3)

Hydro Carbon

(g/m3)

Source Related

Parameters (g/m3)

Methane Non-

Methane

HCl NH3 Cl2

Project site (A1) 443 46.3 1062 BDL BDL BDL

Valipore (A2) 486 22.7 977 BDL BDL BDL

Sarod (A3) 465 20.2 956 BDL BDL BDL

Samoj (A4) 515 20.9 972 BDL BDL BDL

Vedach(A5) 375 18.7 992 BDL BDL BDL

Dabha (A6) 399 16.6 1027 BDL BDL BDL

Piludara (A7) 363 15.5 1023 BDL BDL BDL

Bhodar (A8) 422 19.1 1016 BDL BDL BDL



Table 3.17: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(EP, 7th amendment Rules-2009)

Pollutants Time-

weighted

average

Concentration in ambient air

Industrial,

Residential,

Rural and

others area

Ecologically

Sensitive

area

(Notified by

Central

Government)

Method of

Measurement

Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2) µg/m3

Annual

Average*

50 20 Improved west and

Gaeke

Ultraviolet

fluorescence 24 hours** 80 80

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO2) µg/m3

Annual

Average*

40 30 Modified Jacob

&Hochheiser

(Na-Arsenate)

Chemiluminescence 24 hours** 80 80

Particulate Matter

(Size less than 10

µm or PM10) µg/m3

Annual

Average*

60 60 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta attenuation 24 hours** 100 100

Particulate Matter

(Size less than 2.5

µm or PM2.5) µg/m3

Annual

Average*

40 40 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta attenuation 24 hours** 60 60

Ozone (O3)

µg/m3

8 hours ** 100 100 UV photometric

Chemiluminescence

Chemical Method 1hours** 180 180

Lead (Pb)

µg/m3

Annual

Average*

0.50 0.50 AAS/ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter

paper

ED-XRF using

Teflon filter

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

Carbon Monoxide

(CO) mg/m3

8 hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive

Infra Red (NDIR)

Spectroscopy 1 hour** 04 04

Ammonia(NH3)

µg/m3

Annual

Average*

100 100 Chemiluminescence

Indophenol Blue

Method 24 hours** 400 400

Benzene (C6H6)

µg/m3

Annual* 05 05 Gas

chromatography

based continuous

analyzer

Adsorption and

desorption followed

by GC analysis

Benzo(a)Pyrine

(BaP)-particulate

phase only,

µg/m3

Annual* 01 01 Solvent extraction

followed by

HPLC/GC analysis

Arsenic (As),

µg/m3

Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter

paper



Nickel (Ni)

µg/m3

Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter

paper

*

Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**

24 hourly/8 hourly or 01 hourly values, as applicable, shall be

complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may

exceed the limits but not two consecutive days of monitoring.



Table 3.18: Results of Groundwater Quality in the Study Area

(Date of Monitoring: 14/02/17 to 16/02/17)

Sr.

No.


Nr. Project

site (GW1)

Valipore

(GW2)

Sarod

(GW3)

Samoj

(GW4)

Vedach

(GW5)

Dabha

(GW6)

Piludara

(GW7)

Bhodar

(GW8)

1 pH pH Unit 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.8 7.4 7.2 7.5

2 Color Co-Pt

Units

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

Color

Less

3 Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm

1830 1987 2432 2142 1775 2110 1963 1855

4 Turbidity NTU 9.3 6.8 5.1 10.3 3.8 4.9 5.8 8.9

5 Total Hardness mg/L 362 407 462 428 330 394 355 364

6 Alkalinity mg/L 297 318 307 342 262 292 310 315

7 Chloride as Cl- mg/L 598 673 813 701 604 721 652 572

8 Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/L 86 85 92 79 53 77 69 83

9 TDS mg/L 1274 1392 1690 1483 1232 1472 1363 1290

10 Sodium as Na+ mg/L 349 390 476 408 346 411 421 369

11 Potassium as K+ mg/L 60 58 63 59 51 53 53 61

12 Calcium as Ca+2 mg/L 79 92 109 112 68 57 68 83

13 Magnesium as Mg+2 mg/L 40 43 46 36 39 61 40 38

14 Nitrate as NO3-3 mg/L 18 15 20 16 22 16 18 14

15 Fluoride as F- mg/L 0.72 0.89 0.54 0.62 0.81 0.59 0.68 0.65

16 Phenol as C6H5OH mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

17 Arsenic as As mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

18 Cadmium as Cd mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

19 Copper as Cu mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

20 Lead as Pb mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

21 Manganese as Mn mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.46 0.33 0.24 0.18 0.26 0.14 0.16 0.22

23 Total Chromium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Zinc as Zn mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01



Table 3.19: Results of Surface water Quality in the Study Area


Parameters Unit CONCENTRATION

River Mahi

(SW1)

Village

Pond

Valipore

(SW2)

Village

Pond

Vedach

(SW3)

Village

Pond

Gajera

(SW4)

pH pH Unit 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.6

Temperature 0C 29 28 29 29

Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm

3810 518 458 510

Turbidity NTU 30.7 20.1 14.5 16.3

DO mg/L 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.8

TDS mg/L 2645 346 462 492

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.2

Total Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/L 372 128 180 186

Total Alkalinity mg/L 310 263 272 265

Sodium as Na+ mg/L 863 120 146 156

Potassium K+ mg/L 54 18 32 38

Calcium Ca+2 mg/L 68 28 26 30

Magnesium Mg+2 mg/L 49 14 28 27

Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 1292 102 159 171

Sulfates as SO4-2 mg/L 210 31 42 39

Nitrates as NO3-3 mg/L 10 14 15 12

Phenol as C6H5OH mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Arsenic as As mg/L <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

Cadmium as Cd mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Copper as Cu mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

Lead as Pb mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Manganese as Mn mg/L <0.007 <0.007 <0.007 <0.007

Iron as Fe mg/L 0.32 0.14 0.16 0.11

Total Chromium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Nickle as Ni mg/L 0.1 <0.07 <0.07 <0.07

Total Coliform MPN/ml 12 46 32 30



Table 3.20: Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water

Sr.

No.

Parameters Desirable

Limit

Permissible Limit

in the Absence of

Alternate Source

I Essential Characteristics

1. Colour, Hazen Units, Max. 5 25

2. Odour Unobjectionable -

3. Taste Agreeable -

4. Turbidity, NTU, Max. 5 10

5. pH value 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation

6. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max. 300 600

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/l, Max. 0.3 1.0

8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, Max. 250 1000

9. Residual Free Chlorine, mg/l, Min. 0.2* -

II Desirable Characteristics

10. Dissolved Solids, mg/l, Max. 500 2000

11. Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max. 200 600

12. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max. 200 400

13. Nitrate (as NO3) 50 No Relaxation

14. Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max. 1.0 1.5

15. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max. 75 200

16. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max. 30 100

17. Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max. 0.05 1.5

18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max. 0.1 0.3

19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max. 0.001 No Relaxation

20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation

21. Selenium (as Se) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation

22. Arsenic (As As) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

23. Lead (as Pb) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

24. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, Max. 5 15

25. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, Max. 0.03 0.2

26. Boron (as B) mg/l, Max. 1 5

27. Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

28. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

29. Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH)

mg/l, Max.

0.001 0.002

30. Anionic Detergents (as MBAS) mg/l,

Max. mg/l, Max.

0.2 1.0

31. Mineral Oil mg/l, Max. 0.01 0.03

32. Pesticides Absent 0.001

33. Radioactive Materials

a. Alpha Emitters, Bq/I, Max.

b. Beta Emitters, Pci/I, Max

-

-

0.1

0.037

*Applicable only when water is chlorinated

Source: IS: 10500-2012



Table 3.21: Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area

Sr.

No.

Location Ld/Ln Applicable

Standard

dB (A)

Noise Level

dB (A)

1. Project site (N1) Ld 75.0 61.2

Ln 70.0 54.5

2. Near Main Gate (N2) Ld 75.0 59.7

Ln 70.0 52.8

3. Near Entry gate of Estate

(N3)

Ld 75.0 60.2

Ln 70.0 53.9

4. Village Valipore (N4) Ld 55.0 53.1

Ln 45.0 42.7

5. Village Sarod (N5) Ld 55.0 53.2

Ln 45.0 42.5

6. Village Samoj (N6) Ld 55.0 54.0

Ln 45.0 42.2

7. Village Dabha (N7) Ld 55.0 52.9

Ln 45.0 42.8

8. Village Bhodar (N8) Ld 55.0 53.4

Ln 45.0 42.3

Table 3.22: Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to noise

Category of Area Limits Leq, dB(A)

Day Time Night Time

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40



Table 3.23: Soil Analysis of Study area


Sr.

No.


Project

site

(S1)

Valipore

(S2)

Sarod

(S3)

Dabha

(S4)

Piludara

(S5)

Vedach

(S6)

1. pH (5%) Solution 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.5

2. Loss of Ignition % 7.8 5.1 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.1

3. Particle Size

Clay (< 0.002 mm) % 14 12 14 16 12 15

Silt (0.002 to 0.075mm) % 27 24 28 26 23 24

Sand (0.075-0.475mm % 35 38 35 31 40 39

gravel (size > 4.75mm) % 24 26 23 27 25 22

4. Water Holding Capacity % 35 37 36 39 32 34

5. Permeability cm/hr 3.14 3.02 2.81 2.88 2.85 3.0

6. Bulk Density g/cm3 1.36 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.39 1.36

7. Porosity % 44.9 44.5 45.3 45.7 43.7 44.9

8. Sodium Absorption

Ratio

- 7.31 5.78 5.77 5.28 5.7 6.11

9. Sodium mg/kg 392 308 317 296 295 317

10. Potassium mg/kg 21 18 16 36 38 27

11. Calcium mg/kg 149 135 145 144 129 142

12. Magnesium mg/kg 41 48 50 56 44 37

13. Chlorides mg/kg 229 221 179 182 194 188

14. Sulphates mg/kg 189 182 176 195 189 157

15. Organic Matter mg/kg 1.49 1.32 1.31 1.40 1.34 1.35

16. Available Nitrogen mg/kg 114 116 113 116 106 109

17. Available Phosphorus mg/kg 18.3 18.2 15.3 13.5 17.1 15.4

18. Iron mg/kg 3.61 1.42 1.39 1.57 1.61 1.48

19. Cation Exchange

Capacity

- 2.84 2.46 2.56 2.57 2.39 2.47



Table 3.24: Floral Diversity

(A) Trees

Sr. No.

Scientific Name

Family

Vernacular Name

1 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Limdo

2 Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica sub sp. Indica Baval

3 Sapotaceae Achras sapota Chiku

4 Simaroubacceae Ailanthus excelsa Rukhdo

5 Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium Ankol

6 Mimosaceae Albizia lebbeck Kalo saras

7 Annonaceae Annona squamosa Sitaphal

8 Combretaceae Anogeissus seicea Dhao

9 Balanitaceae Balanites aegyptiaca Ingorio

10 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia racemosa Astori

11 Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba Shimlo

12 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Tad

13 Fabeceae Butea monosperma Kesudo

14 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia siamea ---

15 Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra Dholo shimlo

16 Rutaceae Citrus limon Limbu

17 Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Vans

18 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus globulus Nilgiri

19 Rutaceae Feronia elephantum Kotha

20 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Vad

21 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Papal

22 Moraceae Ficus virens Pipli

23 Rhamnaceae Fzizyphus mauritiana Bor

24 Apocynaceae Holarrhena antidysenterica Indrajav

25 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Kanjo

26 Mimosaceae Leucena latisiliqua Pardesi baval

27 Sapotaceae Madhuca indica Mahudo

28 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Ambo

29 Saptaceae Manilkara hexandra Rayan

30 Rubiaceae Morinda tomentosa Aal

31 Moringaceae Moringa concan Jangli saragavo

32 Caesalpiniaceae Parkinsonia aculeata Ram baval

33 Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris Khajuri

34 Mimosaceae Pithecellobium dulce Goras ambli

35 Fabeceae Pongamia pinnata Karanj

36 Mimosaceae Prosopis juliflora Gando baval

37 Mimosaceae Prosopis spicigera Khijado

38 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Jamphal

39 Moraceae Streblus asper Harero

40 Caesalpiniaceae Tamarindus indica Amli

41 Combretaceae Teminalia catappa Deshi bardam



(B) Shrubs

Sr. No.

Scientific Name

Family

Vernacular Name

1 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia Nerifolia Thor

2 Asclepiafaceae Calotropis procera Akado

3 Capparidaceae Capparis decidua Kerdo

4 Capparidaceae Capparis sepiaria Kanthar

5 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia auriculata Aval

6 Combretaceae Cobretum ovalifolium Mad velo

7 Meinspermaceae Cocculus cillosus Vevdi

8 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tirucalli Thor

9 Convolvulaceae Impomoea fistulosa Naphatio

10 Euphorbiaceae Jatroha cureas ---

11 Euphorbiaceae Kriganelia reticulata Kamboi

12 Lythraceae Lassonia inernis Mendhi

13 Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens Kavach

14 Cactaceae Opuntia elatori Phafda thor

15 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Divel

16 Rhmnaceae Zizyphus mummularia Chani bor

(C) Herbs

Sr. No.

Scientific Name

Family

Vernacular Name

1 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Darbh

2 Poaceae Apluda mutica Pofli

3 Pepavraceae Argemone mexicana Darudi

4 Asteraceae Blumea membranacea -

5 Poaceae Chloris barbata Mindadin

6 Asteraceae Echinops echimatus Shulio

7 Poaceae Eragrostic tinella -

8 Acanthaceae Hygrophila auriculata Kantashulio

9 Asteraceae Sphaeranthus indicus Gorakh mundi

10 Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea Sarphankho

11 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens Pardeshi bhangro

12 Typhaceae Typha angustata Ramban

(D) Agricultural Crops

Sr. No.

Scientific Name

Family

Vernacular Name

1 Poaceae Zea maize Makai

2 Poaceae Sorghum vulgare Bajri

3 Poaceae Triticum aestivum Gehu

4 Malvaceae Gossypium herbaceum Kapas

5 Fabaceae Cajamus cajan Tuver

6 Poaceae Oryaza sativa Danger



Table 3.25: Faunal Diversity

(A) Amphibia

Sr. No.

Common Name Scientific Name

1 Skipper frog Euphlyctic cyanophlytis

2 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus

(B) Reptilia

Sr. No.

Common Name

Scientific Name

1 Wall Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis

2 Garden lizard Calotes versicolor

3 Skink Mabuya carinata

4 Fan throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana

5 Cobra Naja naja

6 Rat Snake Ptyas mucous

(C) Birds

Sr. No.

Common Name

Scientific Name

1 Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis

2 Ashy crowned finch lark Eremopterix grisea

3 Bank myna Acredotheres ginginianus

4 Black winged kite Elanus caerulus

5 Blue rock pigeon Columba livia

6 Cattle egret Bulbucus ibis

7 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus

8 Common crow Corvus splendens

9 Common myna Acredotheres tristis

10 Common sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos

11 Coppersmith Megalaima haemacephala

12 Crow- pheaasent Centropus sinensis

13 Fantail flycatcher Rhipidura aureola

14 Franklins wren warbler Prinia hodgsonii

15 Grey shrike Lanius excubitor

16 Grey tit Parus major

17 House sparrows Passer domesticus

18 House swift Apus affinus

19 Indian koel Eudynamysscolopaceae

20 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata

21 Indian roller Coracias benghalensis

22 Indian tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda

23 Indian white backed vulture Gyps benghalensis

24 Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus



25 Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos

26 Lesser golden backed wood

peaker

Dinopium benghalens

27 Lotens sunbird Nectarinia lotenia

28 Magpie robin Copsychus saularis

29 Pariah kite Milvus migrans

30 Pond heron Ardeola grayii

31 Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica

32 Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

33 Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus

34 Rofous backed shrike Lanius schach

35 Rofous tailed finch lark Aammomanes deserti

36 Rose ringed parakeet Paittacula krameri

37 Shikra Accipter badius

38 Small green bee- eater Merops orientalis

39 Spotted owlet Ethane brama

40 Swallow Hirundo rustica

41 Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius

42 White breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrensis

43 White wagtail Motavilla alba

44 Yellow throated sparrows Patronia xanthocollis

(D) Insects and others

Sr. No.

Common Name

Scientific Name

1 Ant lion Myrmeleo sp.

2 Beetle Mylabris sp.

3 Black ant Camponotous compressus

4 Blue pancy Précis orithya

5 Common castor Ariadne merione merione

6 Common crow Euploea core core

7 Common evening brown Maelanitus leda leda

8 Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe simulate

9 Common mormon Papilio polyets romulus

10 Danaid eggfly Hypolimans misippus

11 Earthworm Megascolex sp

12 Field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

13 German cockroach Blatta germanica

14 Grasshopper Orthetrum sp.

15 Grasshopper Conocephalus sp.

16 Honey bee Apis dorsata

17 Honey bee Apis indica

18 House cricket Gryllus domecticus

19 House fly Musca domestica (Linn.)



20 Indian cupid Everes lcturnus syntala

21 Lime butterfly Papilio demoles

22 Mole cricket Grylltaipa Africana

23 Mosquito Anopheles sp.

24 Mosquito Culex sp.

25 Pigmy locust Acridium sp.

26 Plain tiger Danus crysippus crysippus

27 Potter wasp Eumenes sp.

28 Red ant Oecophylla smargdina

29 Red cotton bug Ddysdercus sp.

30 Striped tiger Danus genutia genutia

31 Termite Microtermes

32 Tree cricket Oecanthus indicus (Sauss)

33 wasp Icaria sp.

34 Water strider Geris spinole (Leth)

35 Yellow pancy Précis hierta hierta

(E) Mammals

Sr.

No.

Common Name

Scientific Name

1 Banded four legged spider Argiope aemula (Walckenaer)

2 Banded four legged spider Argiope sp.

3 House spider Crossopriza sp.

4 Jumping spider Plexippus sp.

5 Lynx spider Oxyopes sp.

6 Lynx spider Peucetia sp.

7 Orb web spider Cyclosa sp.

8 Orb web spider Larinia sp.

9 Orb web spider Neoscona sp.

10 See spider Clubiona sp.

11 Social spider Stegodyphus sp.

12 Two tailed spider Hersilia sp.

13 Wolf spider Hippasa sp.

14 Wolf spider Lycosa sp.

15 Wolf spider Pardosa sp.



Table 3.26

Traffic Survey

TRAFFIC SHEET

LOCATION Approach road of Sterling SEZ, Vill.-Sarod,

Tal.- Jambusar, Dist-Bharuch

TIME 09.00 to 10.00 DATE 15/02/2017

TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr

BUSES* 25 PCU x 3 75

CARS/VANS 95 PCU x 1 95

MOTORCYCLES / BICYCLES 201 PCU x 0.5 101

Total 271

TIME 18.00 to 19.00 DATE 15/02/2017

TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr

BUSES* 27 PCU x 3 81

CARS/VANS 92 PCU x 1 92

MOTORCYCLES / BICYCLES 188 PCU x 0.5 94

Total 267

Note: *Mini-bus, Chartered Bus, School Bus, have been collectively classified

as Buses.

Additional traffic from our project will be estimated 195 PCU/day [65 trucks x

3] and 45 PCU/day from car and motorcycle, which have insignificant impact

on existing traffic load.

Existing Traffic Scenario and Level of Services

The road from Sterling SEZ approach road, all types of vehicles move on the road.

Capacity of road as per IRC = 1500 PCU’s/hr

Total Volume during Peak Hours = 267

Existing Volume/Capacity ratio = 267/1500 = 0.178

The level of service is “A” that is Excellent

LEVEL OF SERVICE

Sr.

No.

Existing

Volume/Capacity Ratio

Level of Services

1. 0.0 to 0.2 “A” (Excellent)

2. 0.2 to 0.4 “B” (Very Good)

3. 0.4 to 0.6 “C” (Good)

4. 0.6 to 0.8 “D” (Fair)

5. 0.8 to 1.0 “E” (Poor)



Table 3.27: Land Use Pattern

Name of

Village

Total Area

of the

Village

(ha)

Irrigated

by

source

(ha)

Un-

irrigated

(ha)

Cultivable

waste

(ha)

Area not

available

for

cultivation

(ha)

Kareli 2151.7 718 614.5 12 20.9

Dudhwada 614.5 452 105 0 0

Piludara 720.6 150 468.1 24.1 0

Brahmanvasi 590.9 250 249 0 6

Gajera 1505.8 443 886.3 0 1.2

Vedach 3582.4 137 1172.2 0 1983.4

Uber 4397.1 125 1519.9 0 2557.4

Dabha 1465 70 1198.1 0 1.4

Nondhana 589.6 150.4 363.3 0 1.4

Nobar 968.8 36.9 759.9 0 0.6

Amanpor(Nana) 335.4 10 282.3 0 0.1

Amanpor(Mota) 597.4 0 515.1 0 1.4

Samoj 866 0 772.3 0 13.3

Bhodar 590.5 0 540.6 0 0.3

Kavli 1031.4 0 953.3 0 0.1

Sarod 7380.2 0 1429.8 0 5418

Valipore 1690.8 89 157.8 0 1380

Dhuvaran 1279 0 344.9 0 895.7

Haripura 1068.8 107 400.8 0 535

Badalpur 618.6 285.4 24.7 0.9 29

Khadodhi 726.1 384.3 100 0 184.7



Table 3.28: Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography)

Name of the

Village/

Town/

Ward

No. of

Occupied

Residential

House

Total Population

(Including

institutional and

houseless

population)

Literates Total main

Workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Laborer

Marginal

Workers

Non-Worker

P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

Kareli 1313 5719 3007 2712 2326 1628 1740 308 153 736 661 37 656 216 1114 1668

Dudhwada 460 1854 1001 853 853 653 667 139 13 15 162 4 239 60 321 699

Piludara 1045 4960 2594 2366 2009 1424 1432 220 161 507 357 13 579 114 1001 1639

Brahmanva

si

430 2175 1146 1029 818 592 575 219 146 166 287 25 208 182 425 644

Gajera 1109 4793 2496 2297 1730 1263 1528 242 28 285 404 3 748 165 940 1770

Vedach 1744 7921 4163 3758 2971 2164 2090 458 522 800 387 23 1174 232 1551 2500

Uber 830 3702 1936 1766 1532 1066 1251 361 64 356 313 14 643 254 621 1049

Dabha 833 4334 2254 2080 1528 1098 1216 141 111 68 247 3 726 50 927 1871

Nondhana 370 1546 807 739 604 324 391 45 63 197 60 8 273 33 353 497

Nobar 389 1819 957 862 748 559 530 139 63 34 240 19 201 103 364 689

Amanpor(Nana)

132 641 340 301 203 135 195 9 15 7 22 0 154 8 130 285

Amanpor

(Mota)

186 723 376 347 332 304 261 20 0 1 86 2 156 16 115 326

Samoj 341 1493 776 717 629 473 455 51 30 19 159 4 139 27 291 647

Bhodar 226 991 503 488 375 279 330 207 7 19 167 118 129 84 166 262

Kavli 409 2292 1210 1082 933 654 605 26 74 177 112 1 442 21 531 879

Sarod 1528 7854 4039 3815 3164 2559 1911 342 156 214 285 29 736 238 1972 3259

Valipore 98 397 397 206 171 155 121 32 7 63 76 18 34 9 78 96

Dhuvaran 1529 8043 4168 3875 3433 2469 2198 112 106 157 345 13 880 38 1864 3606

Haripura 1210 6034 3175 2859 2621 1744 1553 342 193 399 289 23 930 76 1429 2118

Badalpur 1203 5396 2770 2626 2308 1673 1258 161 213 274 326 20 562 78 1299 2191



Table 3.29: Basic amenities in the study area

Name of

Village

Education

al

Facility

Medical

Facility

Drinking

Water

Facility

Communication

(Post

or Telegraph)

Transportation

Facility

(Bus etc.)

Approach to

Village

Nearest

town

Power

Supply

Kareli P(2),S,SS(

<5)

PHS,MCW(5-10) T,W,HP,R/

C

PH,PCO,SPO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Dudhwada P,S(<5) PHS,FWC(<5),D(<5),

MHC(<5),PHC(<5)

T,W,TW,T

K,HP

PH,PCO,SPO,PO(<

5)

BS,RS(<5) PR,KR,WBM,FP Padra EA

Piludara P,S,SS(5-

10)

VH,PHS,PHC(5-10) T,TW,,HP PH,PCO,SPO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Brahmanvasi P,S(<5) FWC(<5),MHC(<5),M

CW(<5)

T,HP,TW,

TK

PH,PCO,SPO BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR(<5),FP Padra EA

Gajera P(4),S,SS PHS,PHC T,W,TW,T

K

PH,PO BS PR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Vedach P(5),S,SS(

<5),C(5-

10)

PHS,PHC(<5),CHC(5-

10),TBC(5-

10),FWC(5-10)

T,W,TW,T

K,HP,R/C

PH,PCO,SPO,PO(5

-10)

BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Uber P(3),S(5-

10)

PHS,FWC(5-

10),HA(5-10),D(5-

10)

T,W,TW,T

K,HP,R/C

PH,PCO,SPO,PO(5

-10)

BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Dabha P,S(5-10) FWC(5-10),D(5-

10),TBC(5-10)

T,W,TW,T

K,HP,R/C

PH,PCO(5-10) BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Nondhana P,S PHS T,HP,W PH,PCO,SPO BS PR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Nobar P,PP(5-

10),SS(5-

10)

PHS,HO(5-

10),CHC(5-10),D(5-

10)

T,W,HP,T

K

PH,SPO,PO(5-10) BS,RS(5-10) PR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Amanpor(Na

na)

P,S MCW(<5),PHC(5-10) T,W,TK PH BS PR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Amanpor (Mota)

P,S MCW(5-10),PHC(5-

10)

T,W,TW,R

/C,TK

PH,PCO,SPO BS PR,KR(5-

10),WBM,FP

Jambusar EA

Samoj P,S(5-10) PHC(5-10),PHS(5-

10)

T,HP,W PH,PCO,SPO(<5) BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Bhodar P HA(10+) T,W,TW,T

K

PH,SPO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Kavli P PHC(<5) T,HP,W,T PH,SPO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA



Name of

Village

Education

al

Facility

Medical

Facility

Drinking

Water

Facility

Communication

(Post

or Telegraph)

Transportation

Facility

(Bus etc.)

Approach to

Village

Nearest

town

Power

Supply

K,R/C

Sarod P(3),S PHS T,W,TW,T

K,HP,R/C

PH,PCO,PO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Valipore P HO(10+) T,HP,W PH,PCO BS PR,KR,WBM,FP Jambusar EA

Dhuvaran P(6),S,SS PHS,PHC T,HP PH,PCO,SPO,PO(5-

10)

BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR,SH,FP Khambhat EA

Haripura P(4),S PHS T,HP,TW,R

/C

PH,PCO,PO(5-10) BS PR,KR,SH,FP Khambhat EA

Badalpur PP,P(4),S PHS,PHC,MCW(<5) T,W,HP,T

W,R/C

PH,SPO,PO(5-10) BS,RS(5-10) PR,KR,WBM,FP Borsad EA



Abbreviations:

Educational

PP - Pre-primary school P - Primary School S - Secondary School

SS - Senior Secondary School C - College

Medical Facility MCW - Maternity & Child Welfare Centre

PHC - Primary Health Centre PHS - Primary Health Sub-Centre

VH - Veterinary Hospital MHC - Mobile Health Centre HA - Allopathic Hospital

HO - Hospital D - Dispensary

FWC - Family Welfare Centre TBC - T.B Clinic

Drinking Water T - Tap Water

W - Well Water TW - Tube well Water TK - Tank water

HP - Hand Pump R/C - River/Canal

Post and Telegraph PO - Post Office

PH - Telephone Connection PCO - Public Call Office

SPO - Sub Post Office Transportation

BS - Bus RS - Railway Station

Approach to Village

PR - Pucca Road KR - Kutccha Road FP - Foot path

SH - State Highway NH - National Highway

WBM - Water Bounded Macadam Road

Power Supply

EA - Electricity for all Purposes



Figure 3.6

Location of AAQM

Indicating AAQM stations

Project Site



Figure 3.7

Wind Rose Diagram

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017)



Figure 3.8

Water sampling Locations

Indicating Ground Water sampling location

Indicating Surface Water sampling location

Project Site



Figure 3.9

Locations of Noise monitoring station

Indicating Noise Monitoring location

Project Site



Figure 3.10

Locations of Soil sampling

Indicating Location of Soil sampling

Project Site



Figure 3.11

Land use pattern of the study area (Satellite Imagery)



Figure 3.12

Toposheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius

(1:25,000 scale)



Figure 3.13

Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius

(1:50,000 scale)



Chapter-4

Anticipated Environmental Impacts&

Mitigation Measures

4.1 GENERAL

Environmental Impact can be defined as any change in environmental

conditions which may be adverse or beneficial; occurred due to action or

set of actions under consideration.

It can be assessed by identifying the sources of the impact and predicting

the same. The identification of environmental impacts has been made by

co-relating the relationship between project activity and environmental

parameters. As a part of present EIA study, anticipated environmental

impacts associated with the project activity of the unit have been

identified. The project activities are usually divided into two phases:

Construction Phase and Operation Phase. For evaluation of impacts due

to proposed activities, baseline data has been utilized. Changes in the

environmental parameters & their impact in terms of short term/long

term, positive/negative, reversible/irreversible are identified &

predicted.The next step is prediction of impacts, which is an important

component in environmental impact assessment process. Several

techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting the impacts on

physical, chemical, biological and socio-economic components of

environment. Such predictions delineate contribution in existing baseline

condition for the proposed project. The additional impacts due to

proposed activities are analyzed by keeping in mind the baseline status.

This helps to assess the assimilative capacity of the environment and in

turn the gravity of the impacts. Based on the identification & prediction of

the nature of impact, it can be evaluated qualitatively and

quantitatively.In this chapter, the effect due to construction & operational

activity of the proposed project is explained.



4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT

This chapter deals with the assessment of project impacts on

environment. Mitigation measures are suggested to minimize the likely

negative impacts. The network method (Cause - effect) was adopted to

identify potential impact of the proposed activity. It includes stepwise

study of relationship between an activity and its environmental

parameters. This method involves in the “Road Map” type of approach to

the identification of second & third order effect. The basic idea is to

account for the project activity & identify the type of impact that could

initially occur followed by the identification of secondary & tertiary

impact.

The project will have impacts of varying magnitude on different

environmental components. These impacts could be categorized as -

Primary impacts, i.e. impacts which occur as a direct result of the

project activities.

Secondary and tertiary impacts, i.e. impacts that occur as a result

of primary impacts.

4.2.1 Identification of Environmental Attributes

There are various types of impacts arise due to the proposed activities

which will be evaluated considering the following environment parameters

in construction and operational phase,

Impact on Topography

Impact on Air Environment

Impact on Water Environment

Impact on Noise Environment

Impact on Land Environment (Hazardous/solid waste generation)

Impact on Biological Environment

Impact on Socio-Economic Environment

Impact on Occupational Health & Safety

4.3 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY

Proposed activities will be carried out in the SEZ. During the construction,

excavated soil will be restored to its original shape. Thus, the impact

during the construction is reversible, for short terms and insignificant.

Construction of plant & building will be carried out for proposed project.



During the operational phase of the project, no major impact is envisaged

on the topography.

4.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT

a. Construction Phase impact & mitigation measures

Construction activities will be carried out as per the plant design. So,

there will be chances of dust generation. It will be limited up to working

area only and not likely to spread in wider area. To mitigate the impact,

regular sprinkling of the water will be done. Vehicular traffic lead to

increased concentration pollutants through exhaust gases, affecting the

ambient air quality of surrounding areas. Vehicles only with PUC

certificates will be allowed. However, this effect remains localized near to

the plant site during the time of vehicular movement only. So this impact

is envisaged as short term negative & reversible in nature. Hence, looking

to the overall facts described above, it can be concluded that, the impacts

on air due to the construction & erection activities will be minimum or

negligible.

b. Operational phase impact & mitigation measures

Long term impacts on the air quality are anticipated due to operational

activities. It depends on various factors like process technology,

operation & maintenance, raw material, fuel, air pollution control

measures. For the study of impact assessment of air environment, all

probable emissions are studied including fugitive emission. The sources

and expected emission level are described in below section.

Emission from the project

Main source of air emission will be point source & fugitive emission. There

will be emissions from flue gas stacks of Boiler, TFH and D. G. Sets as

furnace oil/natural gas is used as fuel. Emitted pollutants will be SPM,

SO2 and NOx. Source of D. G. set is not a regular emission source

because D. G. Set will be used only during the power failure or in case of

non-availability of power/emergency. HSD will be used as a fuel. There

will be 5 source of process emission attached to Multi Purpose Plant.

Mitigation measures

There will be no need of APCM in flue gas stack as natural gas/furnace oil

will be used as fuel. Alkali Scrubber, hypo scrubber and Ventury scrubber



will be installed as APCM for process gas emission. Adequate stack height

is provided as per the SPCB guidelines for proper dispersion of pollutants.

4.4.1 Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling of Stack Emissions

Following sub-section give air pollution dispersion modeling details for

prediction of changes in GLC of pollutants emitted from the above stacks.

Objective: The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground

level concentration during the operation phase and its impact on ambient

air quality of the area and compare with applicable NAAQS.

Model used: The impact on air quality due to emissions from single

source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models.

The impacts of air pollutants were predicted usingGaussian air dispersion

model, which is selected on the basis of existence of multiple point

sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project

site. In order to predict the impact of air pollutants on ambient air

quality, ISCST3 model (Industrial Source Complex – Short Term

(ISCST3) dispersion model) of United State Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) was used by considering guidelines stipulated by CPCB

for air pollution dispersion modeling. The Gaussian model provides

estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations.

It is an hour-by-hour steady state Gaussian model which takes into

account the following:

Terrain adjustments

Stack-tip downwash

Gradual plume rise

Buoyancy-induced dispersion, and

Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection

Plume reflection off elevated terrain

Building down wash

Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for Hourly

source emission rates, exit velocity and stack gas temperature

Only two stability conditions based on the meteorology aspects were used

to calculate the theoretical maximum ground level concentration is

comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical



modeling, it highlights that the stability condition E & A-B were

predominant in the region.

Following are the assumptions made while using the model:

- No dry and wet depletion of pollutants

- Receptors are on flat terrain

The key emitted pollutants will be PM, SO2, NOx, HCl, Cl2, NH3, CH3Cl, HBr

& HC and dust of pesticides.

4.4.2 Micrometeorology

Hourly micrometeorological data collected during the study period (Jan,

2017 to March, 2017) have been used for modeling. The hourly wind

speed, solar insolation & total cloudiness during day time and wind speed

& total cloudiness during night time were used to determine the hourly

atmospheric stability classes (defined by Pasquill and Gifford as A to F, A

being most unstable and F being most stable). The hourly stability classes

were determined based on the technique suggested by Turner.

Turner’s system used for determining the stability classes is as follows:

- For day or night: If total cloud cover (TC) = 10/10 and ceiling

<7000 ft (2134 m), NR=0

- For night-time (defined as period from one hour before sunset to

one hour after sunrise):

a) If TC<4/10, use NR = -2

b) If TC>4/10, use NR = -1

- For daytime: determine isolation class number (IN)

a) If TC<5/10, use NR=IN

b) If TC>5/10, modify IN by the sum of the following applicable

criteria

If ceiling<7000 ft (2134 m), modification = -2

If ceiling>7000 ft but <16000 ft (4877 m), modification = -1

- If TC=10/10 and ceiling>7000 ft, modification = -1 and let modified

value of IN=NR, except for day-time NR cannot be <+1.

During the study period, stability calculated based on above-mentioned

Turner method gives average stability as A-B class during Day time and E

class during Night time.



4.4.3 Input data

Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of incremental GLC

values of SPM, SO2, NOx, HCl, Cl2, NH3 and dust of pesticides using one

season meteorological data during Jan, 2017 to March, 2017. Input

data includes quantitative expected emission levels, temperature, and

mixing height from the stack. Input data is given in Table 4.1.

4.4.4 Receptor Network

Uniform polar grid and ambient air monitoring locations are considered as

discrete Cartesian receptor network for entire study area of 10 km radius.

4.4.5 Output of model (24-hourly GLCs)

The 24-hourly average Ground Level Concentration (GLC) values from

project have been computed for SPM, SO2, NOx, HCl, Cl2, NH3 and dust of

pesticides considering topographical features around the plant &

applicable stability classes. The maximum 50 (24-hr) average

concentration values for SPM, SO2, NOx, HCl, Cl2, NH3 and dust of

pesticides are given in Table 4.3 to 4.10. Corresponding Isopleths for

24-hourly predicted value is generated which is shown in Figure 4.1 to

4.8.

It may be noted from the computed result for the proposed scenario that,

the highest 24-hourly average GLCs value of PM, SO2 and NOx from the

proposed activity are 3.937 g/m3, 2.336 g/m3 and 1.070 g/m3

respectively. These GLCs are expected to occur at a distance of 1.0 km

from the source in W direction. Whereas highest 24-hourly average GLCs

value for process pollutants like HCl, Cl2, NH3 and dust of pesticides from

the proposed activity are 0.128 g/m3, 0.043 g/m3, 0.213 g/m3, 0.009

g/m3 respectively at a distance of 1.41 km from the source in NE

direction.With this marginal contribution due to the proposal of the

project, the levels of SPM, SO2, NOx, HCl, Cl2, NH3, and dust of pesticides

will remain well below the 24-hourly ambient air quality standards

prescribed by CPCB.

4.4.6 Incremental & cumulative concentration of pollutants

The maximum incremental GLCs due to project for SPM, SO2, NOx, HCl,

Cl2, NH3, HC and dust of pesticides is superimposed on the baseline

concentrations recorded during the study period to arrive at the likely



resultant concentrations after implementation of the proposed plant. The

cumulative concentrations (baseline + incremental) of the project is

tabulated below at Table 4.2.

4.4.7 Conclusion

The modeling study proved that, the air emissions from the proposed

activities would not likely to cause any significant impact on the ambient

air quality of the study area. The ambient air quality around project site

will remain within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

prescribed for residential area.

4.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

The main sources of impact on water environment will be due to use of

fresh water from the GIDC water supply system during construction and

operation phase. The treated effluent will be discharged to SEZ effluent

discharge pipeline, while solids disposed to TSDF site.

Prediction of Impact-

During Construction phase

Construction activities will be carried out as per requirement. There will

not be any adverse impact on the quality of water because very small

quantities of water will be used and met from SEZ, water supply system.

No disposal of construction waste outside the plant and no leaching are

anticipated. Thus, the quality and quantity of ground water will not have

any adverse impact during construction phase.

During Operational Phase

Fresh water requirement will be satisfied through SEZwater supply. Total

water requirement for the project will be tune around 2625 KLD; out of

which; 2491 KLD will be fresh water requirement and 134 KLD will be

recycled/treated water (RO permeate).

The industrial water requirement will be for the process, washing, boiler

and coolingetc. Industrial wastewater generation will be from the process,

lab, scrubber, washing, utilities. The unit will treat its effluent in Effluent

Treatment Plant of adjacent at PI, Unit-I. The treated effluent will be

discharged to SEZ effluent discharge pipeline.



Impact Assessment

As fresh water will be met from SEZ water supply hence insignificant

impact envisage on ground water.However, it will be balanced by

recharging ground water during the monsoon season. For that, industry

has developed rain water harvesting structure nearby project area. Thus,

by recharging the ground water during the rain, unit will contribute to

balance groundwater. So, there will not be any major impact on the

water environment due to proposed activities.

Additionally, balance wastewater generated from process, domestic, lab

and washing will be treated in ETP of PI, Unit-I. Finally it will be

discharged to SEZ effluent discharge pipeline. Effluent from utilities will

be passed through Filter along with RO for reuse purpose; reject of RO

will be discharged to ETP for further treatment. Proper, effective planning

will be implemented to minimize the temporary effect on water resources.

Mitigation Measures:

Minimum use of water will be done for construction phase.

Regular maintenance of rain water harvesting structures shall be

undertaken to have effective recharge.

RO permeatewill be used in utilities to reduce burden on fresh water

resources.

4.6 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Any unwanted sound that creates disturbance in hearing is termed as

Noise. Hence, it is important to assess the present noise quality of the

area in order to predict the potential impact of future noise levels due to

the project.

a. Construction Phase Impact & mitigation measures

During the construction phase, impacts on noise level will occur due to

the noise generation from new equipments/machineries as well as some

impact due to transportation. Mainly the impacts of increased noise levels

during construction are likely to occur due to increase movement of

trucks & other diesel powered material handling equipment. The impacts

of noise during the construction would be restricted to the site only and

will be temporary. PPEs like ear muff/ear plug will be provided to the

workers. Regular maintenance & lubrication of construction equipment &



machineries will be undertaken to reduce the noise generation. Thus, it is

envisaged that the impacts on noise during the construction phase would

be insignificant after mitigation measure.

b. Operational Phase Impact & mitigation measures

During operation of the project, noise levels will increase considerably

due to operation of boiler, generators, reactors etc. The noise anticipated

from the project will be confined only within plant boundary. Adequate

greenbelt is developed for prevention of noise propagation outside plant

premises. Oiling/lubrication & preventive maintenance will be done to

reduce noise generation at source to the permissible limit. However, at

places where noise levels may exceed the limit, PPEs will be provided to

workers. Adequate noise control measures such as silencers, anti-

vibration pad etc. will be provided. All the equipment will be

designed/operated in such a way that the noise level in work place shall

not exceed 85 dB(A) as per the OSHA Standard. During operation, the

protective measures like PPEs (ear muff, ear plug) will be provided & the

exposure duration of workers/other personnel to noise will be managed

as per OSHA standard. The results of baseline monitoring carried out in

the region are presented in Chapter-3. The results are below the

standards prescribed for Industrial environment. It can be concluded

that, the impact on noise environment will be long term but insignificant.

4.7 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The main source of impact on land and soil environment will be due to

construction activities and hazardous waste disposal.

a. Construction Phase Impact & mitigation measures

The lad is allotted by Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd., already

developed land for industrial purpose. There will be no change in land use

as the land is already been converted for use of industrial purpose.The

construction activities like excavation, clearing, leveling & vehicular

movements will entail change in the landscape, which are expected to be

of short duration and insignificant. Unit will provide sanitation facilities for

the staff engaged in construction work which will prevent the impacts on

land. Thus, there will not be any issue of impacts on land during the

construction phase.



b. Operational Phase impact (Solid/Hazardous Waste)

During the operation phase, it is identified that the impacts on land would

occur due to the contamination by Solid/Hazardous wastes. The

hazardous wastes are the major source of impacts on land. Hazardous

waste generation from project must be considered to identify the

potential impacts. There will be increase in the quantity of generation of

hazardous waste. Total qty. of Haz.wasteis given below.

Details of Hazardous Wastes

a) MEE Salt – 235 MT/month

b) Used Oil – 25 KL/month

c) Distillation Residue – 300 MT/month

d) Spent Carbon – 50 MT/month

e) Process waste – 1800 MT/month

f) Discarded containers/liners – 300 MT/month and 50000 Nos./month

g) Date Expired off specification products – 100 MT/month

h) Spent/Crude Solvent – 1500 MT/month

i) Spent Catalyst – 50 MT/month

j) Spent Acid – 1500 MT/month

k) Spent Resin - 2 MT/month

Entire quantity of the hazardous waste will be stored in the isolated

hazardous waste storage area within premises having impervious

platform having RCC floor, leachate collection system & roof cover and

disposed as per the scientific method. No adverse impact on the land

environment is likely to occur. Hence, no significant negative impact is

envisaged on the surrounding soil quality.

4.8 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

a. Construction phase impact & mitigation measures

There will not be any cutting of natural vegetation. Thus, it is envisaged

that there will not be any adverse impacts on the ecology/biological

environment in construction phase.

b. Operational phase impact & mitigation measures

There are no protected areas like national park/wildlife sanctuary within

the 10 km radial of the project site so there will not be any significant

impact on ecology. No endangered floral or faunal species has been



recorded within the study area. Further, unit already has developed

greenbelt & proposed to make it denser to enhance the biological feature

of the site. Also, the trees are identified for their sensitivity & pollution

tolerance capacity. Following is the list of trees which are helpful as

pollution absorber and at the same time pollution sensitive.

Family Name Botanical Name Common

Name

Sensitive Tolerant

Anacardiaceae Mangiferaindica Mango Cement dust, Coal dust, SO2

Dust collector

Anonaceae Polyalthialongifolia Asopalav SO2 Dust

collector

Caesalpini-

aceae

Cassia fistula Garmalo Cement dust,

Poor Dust collector, SO2

N.A

Delonixregia Gulmohar SO2, Fly ash,

Cement dust

N.A

Meliaceae Azadirachtaindica Neem Cement dust SO2

There will not be any discharge of effluent from the plant into any water

body; hence there will not be any impact on aquatic ecology of the

surrounding area. GLCs of air pollutants will remain low and hence no

significant impact on terrestrial ecology is expected. Thus, there will not

be any significant impact on ecological environment due to proposed

activities.

4.9 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

a. Construction Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

During the peak construction phase, construction manpower including

construction workers will be employed.However, to the maximum extent

possible, construction workers will be employed within the study area.

Since the construction phase of this project will be for short time period,

the socio-economic impact due to construction of this project is going to

be temporary.Around 30-45 workers will be employed in the construction

work. This will increase construction employment in the study area. As

the construction phase for the proposed project will be few months, the

impact would be temporary.

b. Operation Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

The proposed activities will be carried out in the SEZ. Therefore, no

displacement of person is envisaged. Unit will provide employment



opportunity to locally available skilled and un-skilled labours at different

level as per the requirement, which in turn result into a positive impact

on prevailing socio-economic environment. For the proposed activities,

700 nos. of workers will be employed. In addition, employment will be

generated by the secondary supporting activities e.g. transportation,

communication, daily utility services. Surrounding area has got good

educational facilities and most of employees will come from the

surrounding area. Thus, overall impacts on socio-economic environment

are long term and positive in nature.

4.10 IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

a. Construction Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

In the construction phase, some effects on occupational health &safety of

the employees working in the site are envisaged. Major health issues

encountered will be physical hazards & accidental hazard. All plans and

construction schedule will be followed as per relevant laws approved by

competent authority, so as to minimize the occupational health hazards.

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Attribute

Mitigation Measures

1 Safety & Health Necessary PPEs like helmets, ear plug/ear muff,

safety shoes, goggles etc. will be provided to

workers.

Incident/accident reporting system will be

developed and all the employees will be made

aware for the same.

Periodic inspection & testing of equipments &

machineries will be done.

b. Operational Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

In operational phase, various effects on occupational health and safety of

the employees working in the plant are envisaged. Major health and

safety issues encountered will be physical hazards, respiratory hazards,

electrical hazards, noise, fire hazards associated while working within the

plant. Preventive safety measures shall be taken to minimize the risk of

accident with respect to chemical handling.

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Attribute

Mitigation Measures

1 Safety & Health Emergency preparedness plan should be

implemented.



First aid/other emergency treatment should be

provided.

Workers shall be well equipped with personal

protective equipments. Only authorized persons will

be allowed inside the plant.

A health monitoring program shall be in place to

monitor the health of the persons working on the

site to ensure the health status of all concerned.

Fire hydrant system, fire extinguishers will be

installed at different locations within premises.

Sign boards will be displayed at designated locations

indicating appropriate hazard warnings.

Good house-keeping will be ensured within the

factory premises.



Table 4.1

Input data for air quality modeling

Sr

No

Stack

attached

to

Stack

Temp.

(0C)

Fuel Velocity

(m/s)

Dia. of

stack

(m)

Stack

Height

(m)

SPM

g/s

SO2

g/s

NOX

g/s

Flue Gas Emission

1. Boiler

(03 Nos.)

170 FO/NG 6.5 2.5 30 3.030 1.913 0.797

2. Thermic

Fluid

Heater (01

Nos.)

185 FO/NG 7.0 0.425 20 0.066 0.039 0.023

3. DG Set-06

Nos. 4000

KVA each

210 HSD 15.0 0.675

(Common)

30 0.216 0.059 0.069

Process Gas stacks

1. Process

Stack MPP-

10

55 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:0.003 g/s

Cl2:0.001 g/s

NH3:0.005 g/s

SO2: 0.006 g/s

Pesticide compound in

form of Particulate

matter:0.0002 g/s

2. Process

Stack MPP-

11

55 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:0.003 g/s

Cl2:0.001 g/s

NH3:0.005 g/s

SO2: 0.006 g/s


form of Particulate

matter:0.0002 g/s

3. Process

Stack MPP-

12

60 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:0.003 g/s

Cl2:0.001 g/s

NH3:0.005 g/s

SO2: 0.006 g/s


form of Particulate

matter:0.0002 g/s

4. Process

Stack MPP-

13

55 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:0.003 g/s

Cl2:0.001 g/s

NH3:0.005 g/s

SO2: 0.006 g/s


form of Particulate

matter:0.0002 g/s

5. Process

Stack

MPP-14

55 -- 6.5 0.300 27 HCl:0.003 g/s

Cl2:0.001 g/s

NH3:0.005 g/s

SO2: 0.006 g/s


form of Particulate

matter:0.0002 g/s



Table 4.2

Cumulative Concentrations at various locations

Station Direction Dist.

(Km)

Baseline

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Predicted GLCs

(µg/m3)

Cumulative

Concentration

(µg/m3)

PM SO2 NOx PM SO2

NOx PM SO2 NOx

Project site (A1) -- -- 67.4 10.3 17.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 68.2 10.8 18.2

Valipore (A2) SSW(DW) 3.5 63.3 9.5 15.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 63.7 9.8 15.6

Sarod (A3) WSW(UP) 5.0 65.9 9.1 15.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 66.3 9.3 15.2

Samoj (A4) SW (CW) 6.4 63.5 9.4 15.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 63.7 9.5 15.1

Vedach(A5) SE (DW) 6.2 63.1 8.7 14.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 63.3 8.9 14.7

Dhaba (A6) SSE(DW) 8.7 65.0 9.1 14.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 65.2 9.2 14.9

Piludra (A7) E (DW) 7.1 66.0 9.4 13.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 66.1 9.5 13.3

Bhodar (A8) SSW(DW) 9.8 60.1 9.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.1 9.0 13.8



Table 4.3

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE

1 3.937 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 2.539 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

2 3.710 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC 27 2.501 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

3 3.450 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 28 2.488 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

4 3.312 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 2.478 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 3.229 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 30 2.466 ( 4000.00, -4000.00) GC

6 3.203 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 31 2.463 ( 5000.00, 2000.00) GC

7 3.092 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 32 2.440 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

8 3.079 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 33 2.426 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC

9 2.994 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 2.413 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC

10 2.963 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC 35 2.413 ( 5000.00, 5000.00) GC

11 2.887 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 2.412 ( -7000.00, -3000.00) GC

12 2.864 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC 37 2.392 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC

13 2.808 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 38 2.392 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

14 2.803 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 39 2.378 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

15 2.780 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 40 2.372 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 2.752 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 2.368 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

17 2.664 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC 42 2.367 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

18 2.647 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 43 2.364 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

19 2.609 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 44 2.342 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

20 2.589 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC 45 2.340 ( 1000.00, 2000.00) GC

21 2.583 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC 46 2.335 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC

22 2.554 ( 4000.00, 4000.00) GC 47 2.321 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC

23 2.551 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 48 2.306 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

24 2.547 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 49 2.301 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 2.540 ( -5000.00, -5000.00) GC 50 2.280 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC

Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3



Table 4.4

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2


1 2.336 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 1.482 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

2 2.187 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC 27 1.472 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

3 2.054 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 28 1.469 ( 4000.00, -4000.00) GC

4 1.982 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 1.467 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 1.914 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 30 1.460 ( 5000.00, 2000.00) GC

6 1.892 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 31 1.439 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

7 1.812 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 32 1.437 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

8 1.810 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 33 1.434 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC

9 1.791 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 1.433 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC

10 1.773 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC 35 1.424 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 1.706 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 1.422 ( 5000.00, 5000.00) GC

12 1.696 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC 37 1.420 ( -7000.00, -3000.00) GC

13 1.667 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 38 1.418 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

14 1.658 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 39 1.414 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC

15 1.630 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 40 1.405 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 1.595 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 1.397 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

17 1.578 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC 42 1.394 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC

18 1.544 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 43 1.392 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

19 1.541 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 44 1.388 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 1.525 ( -5000.00, -5000.00) GC 45 1.382 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

21 1.524 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC 46 1.365 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC

22 1.500 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC 47 1.361 ( 1000.00, 2000.00) GC

23 1.494 ( 4000.00, 4000.00) GC 48 1.359 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC

24 1.493 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC 49 1.347 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 1.493 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 50 1.345 ( 3000.00, 7000.00) GC




Table 4.5

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx


1 1.070 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 0.694 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

2 1.015 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC 27 0.687 ( -5000.00, -5000.00) GC

3 0.937 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 28 0.678 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

4 0.899 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.676 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 0.888 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 30 0.670 ( 5000.00, 2000.00) GC

6 0.870 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.669 ( 4000.00, -4000.00) GC

7 0.849 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 32 0.666 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

8 0.842 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 33 0.662 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC

9 0.812 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 0.660 ( 5000.00, 5000.00) GC

10 0.803 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC 35 0.660 ( -7000.00, -3000.00) GC

11 0.791 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.659 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

12 0.780 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC 37 0.657 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

13 0.767 ( 2000.00, -5000.00) GC 38 0.656 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC

14 0.766 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 39 0.653 ( -4000.00, -4000.00) GC

15 0.763 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 40 0.653 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 0.763 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 41 0.650 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

17 0.729 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 42 0.644 ( 1000.00, 2000.00) GC

18 0.725 ( 3000.00, -7000.00) GC 43 0.643 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

19 0.716 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC 44 0.642 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.712 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC 45 0.641 ( 3000.00, -3000.00) GC

21 0.708 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC 46 0.638 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

22 0.702 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC 47 0.635 ( 2000.00, 5000.00) GC

23 0.702 ( 4000.00, 4000.00) GC 48 0.633 ( -5000.00, -2000.00) GC

24 0.701 ( -3000.00, -3000.00) GC 49 0.633 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.697 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 50 0.630 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC




Table 4.6

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for PPM


1 0.009 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 26 0.004 ( .00, 3000.00) GC

2 0.008 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.004 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.007 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.004 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.007 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.004 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 0.006 ( .00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.004 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

6 0.006 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 31 0.004 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.006 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.004 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

8 0.006 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.004 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

9 0.006 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 0.004 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.006 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.004 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.006 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.004 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

12 0.005 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.004 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.005 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.004 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.005 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 39 0.004 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

15 0.005 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 40 0.004 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 0.005 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.004 ( 2000.00, .00) GC

17 0.005 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.004 ( 3000.00, .00) GC

18 0.005 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.004 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

19 0.005 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 44 0.004 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.005 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 45 0.004 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.005 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.004 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

22 0.004 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.003 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

23 0.004 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.003 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

24 0.004 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.003 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.004 ( 3000.00, .00) GC 50 0.003 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Table 4.7

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl


1 0.128 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 26 0.066 ( .00, 3000.00) GC

2 0.120 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.065 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.101 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.064 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.099 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.063 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 0.089 ( .00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.062 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

6 0.089 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 31 0.062 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.089 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.062 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

8 0.086 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.061 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

9 0.086 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 0.061 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.086 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.061 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.083 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.059 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

12 0.082 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.059 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.081 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.057 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.080 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 39 0.057 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

15 0.078 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 40 0.057 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 0.077 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.057 ( 2000.00, .00) GC

17 0.076 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.056 ( 3000.00, .00) GC

18 0.076 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.056 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

19 0.074 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 44 0.056 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.070 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 45 0.055 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.068 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.053 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

22 0.067 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.052 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

23 0.067 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.052 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

24 0.066 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.051 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.066 ( 3000.00, .00) GC 50 0.050 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Table 4.8

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for Cl2


1 0.043 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 26 0.022 ( .00, 3000.00) GC

2 0.040 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.022 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.034 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.021 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.033 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.021 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 0.030 ( .00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.021 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

6 0.030 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 31 0.021 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.030 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.021 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

8 0.029 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.020 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

9 0.029 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 0.020 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.029 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.020 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.028 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.020 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

12 0.027 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.020 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.027 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.019 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.027 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 39 0.019 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

15 0.026 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 40 0.019 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 0.026 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.019 ( 2000.00, .00) GC

17 0.025 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.019 ( 3000.00, .00) GC

18 0.025 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.019 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

19 0.025 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 44 0.019 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.023 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 45 0.018 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.023 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.018 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

22 0.022 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.017 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

23 0.022 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.017 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

24 0.022 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.017 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.022 ( 3000.00, .00) GC 50 0.017 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Table 4.9

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NH3


1 0.213 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 26 0.109 ( .00, 3000.00) GC

2 0.200 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.109 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.169 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.106 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.165 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.105 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

5 0.148 ( .00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.104 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

6 0.148 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 31 0.103 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.148 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.103 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

8 0.144 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.102 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

9 0.144 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 34 0.102 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.143 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.102 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.139 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.098 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

12 0.137 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.098 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.134 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.095 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.133 ( 2000.00, 2000.00) GC 39 0.095 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

15 0.130 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 40 0.095 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

16 0.128 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.094 ( 2000.00, .00) GC

17 0.127 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.094 ( 3000.00, .00) GC

18 0.127 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.094 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

19 0.123 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 44 0.093 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.116 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 45 0.092 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.113 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.088 ( 3000.00, 3000.00) GC

22 0.112 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.087 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

23 0.112 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.086 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

24 0.110 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.085 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.109 ( 3000.00, .00) GC 50 0.084 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Figure 4.1: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SPM



Figure 4.2: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SO2



Figure 4.3: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for NOx



Figure 4.4: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for PPM



Figure 4.5: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for HCl



Figure 4.6: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for Cl2



Figure 4.7: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for NH3



Chapter-5

Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 PROLOGUE

Alternative analysis is the process of analyzing the proposed locating for

suitability for basic necessities to operate the plant safely, this analysis

also covers the environmental aspect of pollution prevention and

improvement in quality of life nearby the project vicinity. The project

alternative is the course of action in pace of another, that would meet the

same purpose and need, but which would avoid or minimize negative

impacts and enhance project benefits.

Such projects may result in specific impacts which can be avoided or

mitigated by adherence to certain predetermined performance standards,

guidelines or design criteria. Alternative approaches may therefore be

more effective in integrating environmental and social concerns into the

project planning process.

5.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE

The project site is in proximity of Bharuch district of Gujarat state;

therefore, it becomes easy for the unit to propose the project. Required

infrastructure and resources are readily available. Other supporting

features are briefly summarized hereunder,

Availability of adequate land for proposed activities.

Availability of all essential facilities like infrastructure,

communication, medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled &

skilled manpower, raw materials, road network etc.

As the project is in SEZ, no Rehabilitation & Resettlement is required.

Nearest city Vadodara is @ 43.0 km away from the location, which is

having connectivity with other parts of the country by road, rail & air.

The unit is well connected with State Highway and National Highway.

Availability of good communication and transportation facilities.

No National park or wildlife Habitats falls within 10 km radial distance

from the project site.

So no alternative for site is analyzed.



5.3 PROCESS ALTERNATIVE

Proposed technology of production is currently best available technology

and no alternative is currently available currently with the proponent.



Chapter-6

Environmental Monitoring Programme

6.1 PRELUDE

Environment monitoring is the sampling and analysis tool to know the

environment conditions at particular time. The record of environmental

monitoring is most important as the environmental changes are slow in

nature and impact appears after many years. Environmental Monitoring is

the technical heart of assessment of environmental and social impacts

arising due to implementation of the proposed project. An equally

essential element of this process is to develop measures to eliminate,

offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels during implementation and

operation of projects. The integration of such measures into project

implementation and operation is supported by clearly defining the

environmental requirements within an Environmental Management Plan.

M/s. PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) proposed to manufacture pesticides,

pesticide intermediates & Fine chemicals at Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure

Ltd., Plot No. SPM-29/2, Village: Sarod, Tehsil: Jambusar, Dist: Bharuch,

State: Gujarat. Unit will have adequate environmental monitoring

programme.

6.2 OBJECTIVE OF MONITORING PLAN

The basic objective of implementing a monitoring plan on a regular basis

is as follows:

To know the pollution status within the plant and its vicinity.

Generate data for corrective action in respect of pollution.

Correlate the production operations with emission & control

mechanism.

Examine the performance of pollution control system.

Assess the Environmental impacts.

Remedial measures and environment management plant to reverse

the impacts.

6.3 SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

The environmental monitoring will be scheduled on regular interval to

assess the conditions. The record of these monitoring will be compared



with the baseline study to know the changes in environmental conditions.

The post-project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be

as per the following guideline.

The highlights of the integrated environmental monitoring plan are:

The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and porthole at

all the stacks will be maintained in good condition.

Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks/vents.

The performance of air pollution control equipment evaluated based

on these monitoring results.

Water consumption will be recorded daily.

As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of

acoustic hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular

noise level monitoring will be carried out.

Greenbelt will be properly maintained and new plantation

programmes will be undertaken frequently.

Continuous environmental awareness programmes will be carried

out for the employees and also in the surrounding villages.

6.3.1 Monitoring Schedule during Operation Phase

During operation stage of the project, air emissions from process, boiler,

TFH, D.G. sets, wastewater reuse, hazardous & non-hazardous waste

generation is envisaged. Thefollowing attributes which merit regular

monitoring based on the environmental setting andnature of project

activities are listed below:

• Source emissions and ambient air quality

• Water and ETP effluent quality

• Hazardous and solid waste characterization (process/distillation

residue, ETP waste, used oil, discarded containers/barrels/liners)

• Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational

exposures andambient noise levels) and

Besidesmonitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance

conditions and regular permits fromSPCB/MoEF&CC will be monitored and

continue to be reported periodically as stated therein.



6.3.2 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental

Monitoring

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored

in a relevantdatabase. This will enable efficient retrieval, storage and

interpretation of the data. Regulardata extracts and interpretive reports

will be sent to the regulatory authority.

6.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

The continuous monitoring of Environmental parameters like air, water,

noise, soil and performance of pollution control facilities and safety

measures in the plant are vital for proper Environmental management of

any industrial project. Therefore, the company shall create environmental

monitoring facilities by the environmental and safety department to

monitor air and water pollutants as per the guideline of GPCB & CPCB.

Moreover, air and water shall be monitored by outside agencies

authorized by GPCB at regular frequencies. This department shall also

carry out periodical checkup of fire and safety equipments.

6.4.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

Stack Monitoring

The emissions from all the stacks will be monitored regularly. The exit

gas temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations will be measured.

Any deviation from the design criteria will be thoroughly examined and

appropriate action will be taken. Air blowers will be checked for anydrop

in exit gas velocity.

Workplace Monitoring

The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace/work zone

environment willbe monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than

threshold limits are observed, thesource of fugitive emissions will be

identified and necessary measures taken. Methane and non-methane

hydrocarbons will be monitored in all storage area once in a season. In

case, the levels are high, suitable measures as detailed in EMP will be

initiated.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The concentrations of PM, SO2, NOX and VOC in the ambient air will be

monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise will be investigated to



identify the causes and appropriate action will be initiated. Greenbelt will

be developed for minimizing dust propagation. The ambient air quality

data will be transferred and processed in a centralized computer facility

equipped with required software. Trend and statistical analysis will be

carried out.

The ambient air quality monitoring systems are recommended for

monitoring the ground level concentrations and fugitive emissions around

the plant. Unit should install three monitoring stations around its battery

limit (at 1200 as per guideline) for monitoring PM, SO2, NOX and VOC. The

combined data will provide overall characteristic and emission from the

industry. For this, the following equipment is recommended to be

procured or can hire the services from Environmental consultant by the

project proponent for implementing the above mentioned monitoring

schemes:

Respirable Dust Sampler

Blower - 1.0-1.5 m3/min capacity with adapter for uniform suction

through filter and a properly calibrated manometer assembly for the

determination of flow rate through filter paper.

Rota meter - For gaseous sampling, calibrated Rota meter (0-5 LPM) for

maintaining flow rate should be provided.

Main housing - The main housing should be rectangular with a stand of

about 1.25 m height.

Besides this, stack emissions monitoring as per SPCB guidelines shall be

carried out.

6.4.2 Monitoring of Wastewater Streams

All the wastewater streams in the project area will be regularly analyzed

for flow rate, physico-chemical and demand parameters. The monitoring

will be carried out from stream wise raw wastewater, inlet and outlet

characteristics of ETP before reuse. These data will be documented and

compared against the design performance values of ETP for necessary

corrective action.

6.4.3 Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone environment such as boiler house and DG

house will be monitored. Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations



will also be monitored. Audiometric tests will be conducted periodically for

the employees working close to the high noise sources.

6.5 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data

It is proposed that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with

reference to the EMP will be undertaken. The environmental monitoring

cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at site and data thus

generated will be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agency. The

frequency of reporting will be on monthly basis to the local state PCB

officials and six monthly reports to Regional Office of MoEF&CC.



Table: 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan

Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis

with its analyzer

Parameters

Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &

Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of

each stack

Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl, Cl2,

NH3

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as

per the statutory conditions

by external agency

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX

Noise level Monthly as per the

statutory conditions by

external agency

Nr. Main gate, Nr. boiler,

Nr. TFH, Nr. D. G. Set,

Process area etc.

Work zone fugitive

monitoring

Monthly by external agency RPM, VOCs, acid mist

Health check-up of

workers

As per the statutory

guideline

All workers



Table: 6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Particulars No. of

location

Parameters Methodologies

Method of

Monitoring

Method of Analysis

Stack

Monitoring of

each stack

All stacks PM, SO2, NOx Stack

monitoring

kit

PM: IS 11255: part-1:

1985

SO2: IS 11255: part-

2: 1985

NOx: IS 11255: part-

7: 2005

Ambient Air

Quality

Monitoring

3 locations PM2.5, PM10,

SO2, NOx

RDS, Fine

particulate

sampler

PM2.5: IS 5182: part-

23: 2006

PM10: IS 5182: part-

23: 2006

SO2: IS 5182: part-2:

2001

NOx: IS 5182: part-6:

2006

Waste water

Analysis

1 sample pH, TDS, SS,

Oil & Grease,

etc.

-- APHA-AWWA 22nd

edition

Work zone

fugitive

monitoring

2 to 3

locations

RPM, VOCs,

Acid mist

Personal

sampler,

VOC sampler

Gravimetric, GC,

Colorimetric

Noise Pollution 6 to 8

locations

Sound Level

Meter

Sound Level

Meter

Sound Level Meter

Health status

of workers

All workers As suggested

by panel

doctor

-- --

Budgetary provision for environment & safety management system has

been made in the project planning with Rs. 26.0 crore as capital cost for

EMS and Rs. 6.85 crorerecurring cost per annum.


EIA report of PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) 7-1

Chapter-7

Additional Studies (A) Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in

nature by virtue of their intrinsic chemical properties or their operating

temperatures or pressures or a combination of these. Fire, explosion,

toxic release or combinations of these are the hazards associated with

industrial plants using hazardous chemicals. More comprehensive,

systematic and sophisticated methods of Safety Engineering, such as,

Hazard Analysis and Quantitative Risk Assessment have now been

developed to improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of

industrial plants. The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce

risk to human life, property and environment. Some of the more

important methods used to achieve this are:

Quantitative Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the

likelihood and severity of various possible hazardous events by

critically examining the plant process and design.

Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the plant

layout and operating procedures in practice have any inherent

infirmities.

Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at plant operating conditions, work

practices and work environments to detect unsafe conditions.

Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of

accidents occurring. Yet, there always exists, no matter how remote,

probability of occurrence of a major accident. If the accident involves

highly hazardous chemicals in sufficiently large quantities, the

consequences may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the

populations residing therein.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT-Identification of Hazards

A three „levels‟ risk assessment approach has been adopted for M/s. PI

Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) (Henceforth PIL) facilities. The risk

assessment levels are generally consistent with the practices encountered



through various assignments for medium and large chemical complexes.

The brief outline of the three tier approach is given below:

Level 1 – Risk Screening

This is top-down review of worst- case potential hazards/risks, aimed

primarily at identifying plant sites or areas within plant, which pose the

highest risk. Various screening factors considered include:

Inventory of hazardous materials;

Hazardous Materials properties;

Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure);

Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas/populace).

The data/information is obtained from plant. The results provide a

relative indication of the extent of hazards and potential for risk

exposure.

Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative)

The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk

assessment techniques applied both qualitative as well quantitative

mode. The primary objective is to identify and select major risks at a

specific location in the plant considering possible soft spots/weak links

during operation/maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually

include:

Process Hazards;

Process Safety Management Systems;

Fire Protection and Emergency response equipment and programs.

Security Vulnerability;

Impact of hazards consequences (equipment damage, business

interruption, injury, fatalities);

Qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous

materials;

Risk reduction measures.

Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide

means of prioritising mitigative measures and allocate the resources to

the areas with highest risks.



Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic)

This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible

hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such

as human injury, fatality or destruction of property. The four basic

elements include:

Hazards identification utilizing formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.);

Frequency Analysis. Based on past safety data (incidents / accidents);

Identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic /

inflammable material release;

Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards

scenarios (fire, explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release etc.).Establish

minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, over pressure, radiation flux)

to assess the impact on environment.

Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering

effect/impact due to weather data, population data, and frequency of

occurrences and likely hood of ignition/toxic release. Data are

analyzed considering likely damage (in terms of injury/fatality,

property damage) each scenarios is likely to cause.

QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of a number

of undesired events, allowing analyst and the team to focus their risk

reduction efforts where they will be beneficial most.

Proposed project of PIL is hazardous in nature. The QRA for this plant is

based on Level 1 and Level 2. Table 2.3 in Chapter 2 gives the list of

products (and their monthly production capacity) to be manufactured in

the proposed project. Table below gives the bulk storages of liquid and

gaseous raw materials and their consumption.

7.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE

The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be

stored in chemicals godowns. The products (liquid or solid) will be packed

in drums and stored in product godowns as per market demand. The bulk

storages of liquid hazardous materials are given in the Table 7.1 below:

The solid products powder or granules spillage can results in polluting

small area only. The damage to personnel can be through ingress- dermal

(if individual come in contact), oral (if individual food gets infected



through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main route is

fugitive dust which in covered area will move to short distance only.

The risk is through liquid products which are volatile material. The toxic

vapours due to spillage of such material can travel to some distance (as

they are stored in covered godowns) and cause damage. The extremely

hazardous {ET} pesticides are solids only. The liquid products will be

packed in drums (50 litres, 100 litres or 200 litres drums).

Table 7.1: Bulk Storage of Hazardous Chemicals

S. No. Scenario Storage

1. Hydrogen Chloride 10 MT

2. Chloro Benzene 40 MT

3. Sulfuric Acid 85 MT

4. Toluene 75 MT

5. Caustic Soda

6. Sodium Hydroxide 47% w/w 80 MT

7. Methoxylamine hydrochloride

Solution

24 MT

8. Methyl Alcohol 48 MT

9. Sodium Hypochlorite

10. Chloro Sulfonic Acid 20 MT

11. 2-Bromoheptafluoropropane 16 nos.

12. Dimethyl Sulfate 20 MT

13. Tert-butyl Methyl Ether 20 MT

14. Bromine Liquid 20 KL

15. N – Butyl Acetate 50 KL

16. Isobutylene 10 KL

17. Aceto Nitrile 99% min 50 KL

18. Formaldehyde 37% 50 KL

19. Iso Propyl Alcohol 50 KL

20. Hexanes 40 KL

21. Hydrogen Compressed Gas 30 KGS

22. N- Isopropyl Methylamine 25 KL

23. Hydrogen Peroxide Liquid 50 % 35 MT

7.4 RISK SCREENING APPROACH

Proposed Plant: Risk screening of PIL plant was undertaken through

process study and study of data/information provided by PIL. Data of

major/bulk storages of raw materials, intermediates and other chemicals

were collected. MSDS of hazardous chemicals were studied vis a vis their

inventories and mode of storage. PIL plant will be using number of



hazardous chemicals and also producing pesticides and Speciality

Chemicals – all hazardous in nature. The chemicals stored in bulk (liquid

or gaseous) and defined under MSIHC Rule will be considered for detailed

analysis. All PIL pesticides are hazardous in nature. However hazards

potential (for damage) of products and other materials to plant

personnel, environment and off-site area is different for different

materials. PIL will be using large numbers of raw materials but few of

them are stored in bulk. Among the bulk stored chemicals, only 23 are

listed under “List of hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under

MSIHC Rules, 1989. The raw materials stored in bulk and coming under

hazardous category as specified by MSIHC Rules, 1989 (including

subsequent amendments) is given in Table 7.2 below:

Table 7.2 Hazard Analysis- Raw materials

S. No.

Raw Material S. No & Threshold Quantity

(TQ in MT) as per MSHIC Rules

Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks

Schedule- 1,

Part-II

Schedule-2, Part-I

Schedule-3, Part-I

Hazards Toxic

1 Hydrochloric acid (Gas) CAS No: 7647-01-0 UN No: 1789

313 -- -- Not Flammable; Inhalation of fumes results in coughing and choking sensation & irritation of nose and lungs. Liquid causes burns

ERPG-1: 3.0 ppm ERPG-2: 20 ppm ERPG-3: 150 ppm IDLH: ---- ppm

Plant uses liquid and emits HCl gas

2 Chloro Benzene C6H5Cl CAS No: 108-90-7 Flammable

colorless liquid; almond- like odour FP:230C Explosion Limit:LEL:1.8%; UEL: 9.6%

128 -- -- Harmful if inhaled. May cause liver damage. Breathing vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Causes

eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation

LD50:2200 mg/kg (rabbit) LD oral: 1110 mg/kg (rat) LC50:2965 ppm(rat)

Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

3 Sulphuric Acid CAS No: 7664-93-9 UN No: 1830

591 -- -- Flammability: Will not burn Health Hazard: Extremely hazardous - use full protection; Reactivity: Violent chemical change possible

ERPG-1: 2.0 mg/m3 ERPG-2: 10 mg/m3 ERPG-3: 30 mg/m3 IDLH: 15 mg/m3

---

4 Toluene CAS No: 108-88-3 UN No: 1294 A clear colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor. Flash point

628 -- -- Flammability: Ignites at normal temperatures; Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back; Health Hazard Vapors irritate eyes

ERPG-1: 50 ppm ERPG-2: 300 ppm ERPG-3: 1000 ppm IDLH: 500 ppm

--



40°F and upper respiratory tract; cause dizziness, headache, anesthesia, respiratory arrest. Liquid irritates eyes and causes drying of skin.

5 Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) CAS No: 1310-730-2 UN No: 1823

571 --- --- Not flammable; Corrosive to metals and tissue. Hazardous.

ERPG-1: 0.5 ppm ERPG-2: 5.0 ppm ERPG-3: 50 ppm IDLH: ---- ppm

--

6 Methoxyl amine hydrochloride Solution CH3NH2.HCl CAS No:593-61-1, White colour Solid

--- --- --- Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Data not available

---

7 Methanol CAS No:67-56-1 UN No:1230

377 --- --- A colorless fairly volatile liquid with a faintly sweet pungent odor like that of ethyl alcohol. Highly Flammable; Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode.

ERPG-1: 200 ppm ERPG-2: 1000 ppm ERPG-3: 5000 ppm IDLH: 6000 ppm

Health Hazards: Exposure to excessive vapor causes eye irritation, headache, fatigue and drowsiness. 50,000 ppm will probably cause death in 1 to 2 hrs. Swallowing may cause death or eye damage.

8 Sodium Hypochlorite

NaOCl (15%) CAS No:7681-52-9; Light greenish Liquid with Chlorine odour; Unstable

--- --- --- May cause burns to the eyes, skin and

mucous membranes

STEL (OSHA): 3ppm as Cl

STEL (ACHIH): 1 ppm as Cl

---

9 Chloro Sulfonic Acid; ClSO3H CAS No:7790-94-5 Light colour Liquid with strong odour

--- --- --- Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion. Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation

No Data Available

--

10 2-Bromohepta fluoro propane C3BrF7 CAS No:422-77-5 Liquid with BP: 140C

--- --- --- Irritant --- Limited Data

11 Dimethyl Sulfate (CH3)2SO4 CAS No:77-78-1 Odourless Colourless oily liquid

--- --- --- Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 205 mg/kg [Rat]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 45 ppm 4 hour(s) [Rat].

--



membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract,

12 Tert-butyl Methyl Ether C5-H12-O CAS No: 1634-04-4 Clear colourless flammable liquid with

strong characteristic odour

--- --- --- Extremely hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion. Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of inhalation

Oral (LD50): Acute: 4000 mg/kg [Rat]. 5960 mg/kg [Mouse]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 23576 ppm 4 hour(s) [Rat].

---

13 Bromine CAS No:7726-95-6 UN No:1744

84 17 TQ-1: 50 MT TQ-2: 500 MT

106 TQ-1: 40 MT TQ-2: 500 MT

Stable. Incompatible with reducing agents, alkali metals, powdered metals, steel, iron, copper, organic materials. Toxicology May be fatal if inhaled. Highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. Causes severe burns. Lachrymator. Typical TLV 0.1 ppm. Typical STEL 0.3 ppm

--- PIL Storage: 10 KL

14 N – Butyl Acetate CH3COO(CH2)CH3 CAS No:123-86-4 Flammable liquid

--- --- --- Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 10768 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 17601 mg/kg [Rabbit]

---

15 Isobutylene CAS No:115-11-7 Liquefied extremely flammable gas BP:--6.90C

--- --- --- Extremely flammable gas. May form explosive mixtures with air. Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated. May cause frostbite. May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation

LC50 (rat) 550000 mg/m3

--

16 Acetonitrile CAS No:75-05-8 UN No:1648

A colorless limpid liquid with an aromatic odor. Flash point 42°F

7 --- --- Highly flammable; toxic vapours (HCN /NOX) are generated when heated;

Vapor heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Health Hazards: Exposure to 160 ppm for 4 hours causes flushing of the face and a feeling of constriction in the chest; 500 ppm for brief periods is

TEEL-1: 13 ppm TEEL-2: 320 ppm TEEL-3: 670

ppm IDLH 500 ppm

---



irritating to the nose and throat.

17 Formaldehyde CAS No.: 50-00-0

285 -- 112 TQ-1: 5 MT TQ-2: 50 MT

FP-56 0C ; BP-980C LEL-7%; UEL-73% May react violently with acids/ alkali/ oxidising agents etc.

LD50- 42 mg/kg Exposure Limit: 0.3 ppm

Death if inhaled or absorbed; severe eye irritation and burns; allergic dermatitis, skin burns; bronchitis, pulmonary oedema;

18 Isopropyl Alcohols CAS No: 67-63-0

334 Flash Pt: 55.00 F Method Used: TCC Explosive Limits: LEL: 2.5% UEL: 12.1% LD 50/ LC 50: Acute dermal Rabbit 1300 mg/kg; Acute inhalation Rat (8 hours) 12000 ppm.

--- ---

19 n-Hexane CAS No:110-54-3 UN No:1208

306 --- --- Clear colorless liquids with a petrol -like odor. Flash points -9°F Highly flammable; Vapours may explode;

TEEL-1: 400 ppm TEEL-2: 3300 ppm TEEL-3: 8600 ppm IDLH 1100 ppm

Health Hazards: Inhalation causes irritation of respiratory tract, cough, mild depression, arrhythmias. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema;

20 Hydrogen Compressed Gas

247 --- --- Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant).

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5620 mg/kg [Rat]. 4100 mg/kg [Mouse]. 4935 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50):

Acute: 45000 mg/m 3 -3 hours [Mouse]. 16000 ppm 6 hours [Rat].

Highly Flammable/ Explosive

21 N- Isopropyl Methylamine (CH3)CHNHCH

3 CAS No:4747-21-1; Liquid BP:530C

--- --- --- Highly inflammable; FP:--320C

---- Limited Data

22 Hydrogen Peroxide (50%) (H2O2) CAS No: 7732-18-5 Colourless/ odourless liquid; BP-108 0C

-- -- -- Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive), of ingestion,

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2000 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 4060 mg/kg [Rat]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 2000 mg/m 4 hours [Rat].

Non-flammable but fire hazards in presence of combustible materials; Explosive in presence of open flames and sparks

23 Ammonia

CAS No:7664-41-7 UN No:1005

31 2

TQ-1: 60 MT TQ-2: 600 MT

105

TQ-1: 50 MT TQ-2: 500 MT

Fire Hazards: Mixing

of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Health Hazards: Vapors cause irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Liquid will burn skin and eyes. Poisonous;

ERPG-1: 25

ppm ERPG-2: 150 ppm ERPG-3: 750 ppm IDLH: 300 ppm

PIL Storage: 20 KL



may be fatal if inhaled. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with liquid may cause frostbite.

Note: 1. TQ-I: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 4,5,7 to 9 and 13 to 15)

TQ-II: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 10 to 12)

As detailed in the above table; out of 23 raw materials stored in bulk nine

are not listed in MSIHC rules. Three are (namely Bromine, Hydrogen and

Isobutylene) flammable and toxic gases, few are acids /alkali. For some

raw materials limited data are available. Chloro Benzene is flammable as

well as toxic. However its combustion/decomposition product includes

Phosgene and carbon Monoxide which are highly poisonous gases. Special

precautions (suitable gas masks) are to be taken while dealing with

Chloro Benzene fire. None of the products except Phosmet & Phosgene

are listed in MSHIC Rules, 1989.

7.4.1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLS)

AEGL-3 is “the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is

predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals,

could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.”



could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse

health effects or an impaired ability to escape.”



could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic

no sensory effects.”

7.4.2 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs)

The 3 ERPG tiers are defined as follows:

ERPG-3 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is

believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour

without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects."





without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health

effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take

protective action."



without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or

perceiving a clearly defined, objectionable odor."

7.4.3 Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)

TEELs are used in similar situations as the 60-minute AEGLs and ERPGs.

However, in situations where the concentration varies over time, the

TEEL developers recommend using a conservative 15-minute time-

weighted average concentration. A chemical may have up to 4 TEEL

values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects.

The 4 TEEL tiers are defined as follows:

TEEL-3 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed

nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or

developing life-threatening health effects."


nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or

developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that

could impair their abilities to take protective action."


nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing other than

mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly defined

objectionable odor."

TEEL-0 is "the threshold concentration below which most people will

experience no appreciable risk of health effects."

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

defines an immediately dangerous to life or health condition as a

situation "that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants

when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed

permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an

environment."



The IDLH limit represents the concentration of a chemical in the air to

which healthy adult workers could be exposed (if their respirators fail)

without suffering permanent or escape-impairing health effects.

7.4.4 Handling of Phosgene:

Properties of Phosgene:

Chemical Abstract Registry Number of is 75-44-5 with chemical formula

COCl2. Phosgene is a colorless liquid, non-flammable, potentially highly

toxic gas at sufficiently lower temperatures or higher pressures or both.

At low concentrations, its odor is similar to that of green corn or newly

mown hay; at high concentrations, its odor can be sharp and suffocating.

There may be perceived odors at the lower threshold value but

recognition of the odor as phosgene is usually at a higher value. Odor

Threshold: >0.125 ppm (odor perception), >1.5 ppm (recognition of

odor). Permissible Exposure Limit Threshold Limit Value (by volume in

air): 0.1 ppm.

Phosgene is a stable compound at normal ambient temperatures (210 C).

At temperatures above 2500 C, phosgene decomposes to form mixtures

of carbon monoxide (CO), chlorine (CI2) carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon

tetrachloride (CCI4). Phosgene reacts slowly with water to form carbon

dioxide and hydrochloric acid. Phosgene reacts readily with caustic

solution and even more readily with ammonia and ammonia water.

Standards for Exposure:

The 2017 threshold limit value (TLV) established by the American

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for phosgene

is 0.1 ppm (volume/volume). It is a time-weighted average (TWA)

concentration for an 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek. It only

serves as a guide in the control of health hazards, and not as a fine line

to distinguish between safe and dangerous concentrations. Engineering

control measures can be used to maintain very low phosgene exposure

concentrations, so that routine exposure too near 0.1 ppm does not

occur. Control measures serve a critical function towards eliminating

phosgene concentrations in the work place. While there is no guidance

for a short term exposure level (STEL) or Ceiling (C), ACGIH provides

that excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-



TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a workday, but under

no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV- TWA. The

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) give an

additional recommendation for short-term excursions. The NIOSH

Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for phosgene excursions above the

REL is 0.2 ppm for 15 minutes

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The primary target organ for phosgene exposure is the lung; for liquid

phosgene it can be the eye, skin, and lung. Consider establishing

engineering and work practice controls to help guard against potential

exposure because the odor of phosgene may not give adequate warning

as to the potential exposure hazard due to the relatively high odor

threshold and the odor not being unpleasant or irritating. Phosgene

fatalities have occurred from overexposure, sometimes with few, if any,

initial symptoms. Handling phosgene in completely closed processing

systems helps minimize exposure. In the event of a release of phosgene,

the immediate evacuation of the area, and entering the area only with

the use of appropriate respiratory protective equipment will minimize

potential exposures. It is beneficial to have several sets of respiratory

protective equipment available at all times stored outside of, but near to,

the area where phosgene is used. Workers can benefit from instructions

on how to avoid or minimize breathing phosgene in areas where they

may be exposed to the gas. Items that help the worker avoid breathing

the gas include a pressure demand full-face supplied air respirator in

combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus when it

is expected that phosgene may escape. Familiarize workers with the

location, operation, limitations, and the duration of use of respiratory

protective equipment. Training and handling protocols for phosgene will

have incident reporting requirements for any suspected phosgene

exposure. Liquid exposures will also consider the cryogenic properties of

a liquid phosgene exposure to skin or eyes as well as the need to

decontaminate protective equipment or clothing before downgrading

respiratory protective measures. Phosgene gas/vapors may remain a

hazard after signs of liquid phosgene have been removed or evaporated.



Phosgene detection devices are essential tools in determining effective

decontamination of equipment and clothing. Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE) complements, but does not substitute for safe working

conditions, adequate process control, ventilation and proper conduct by

employees working with phosgene. However, in some instances, PPE is

the only practical means of protecting the worker in emergency

situations and while performing tasks where engineering controls are not

sufficient.

7.5 QRA APPROACH

Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and

Level-2 activities) calls for detailed analysis of each scenario for potential

of damage, impact area (may vary with weather conditions/wind

direction) and safety system in place. Subsequently each incident is

classified according to relative risk classifications provided in Table 7.3.

Table 7.3: Risk Classification

Stage Description

High (> 10-2/yr.)

A failure which could reasonably be expected to occur within the expected life time of the plant. Examples of high failure likelihood are process leaks or single

instrument or valve failures or a human error which could result in releases of hazardous materials.

Moderate (10-2 --10-4/yr.)

A failure or sequence of failures which has a low probability of occurrence within the expected lifetime of the plant.

Examples of moderate likelihood are dual instrument or valve failures, combination of instrument failures and human errors, or single failures of small process lines or fittings.

Low (<10-4)

A failure or series of failures which have a very low probability of occurrence within the expected lifetime of plant.

Examples of „low‟ likelihood are multiple instruments or valve failures or multiple human errors, or single spontaneous

failures of tanks or process vessels.

Minor Incidents Impact limited to the local area of the event with potent for

„knock – on- events‟

Serious Incident One that could cause: Any serious injury or fatality on/off site; Property damage of $ 1 million offsite or $ 5 million

onsite.

Extensive

Incident

One that is five or more times worse than a serious incident.

Assigning a relative risk to each scenario provides a means of prioritising

associated risk mitigation measures and planned actions.



7.6 THERMAL HAZARDS

In order to understand the damages produced by various scenarios, it is

appropriate to understand the physiological/physical effects of thermal

radiation intensities. The thermal radiation due to tank fire usually results

in burn on the human body. Furthermore, inanimate objects like

equipment, piping, cables, etc. may also be affected and also need to be

evaluated for damages. Table 7.4, Table 7.5 and Table 7.6 (below),

respectively give tolerable intensities of various objects and desirable

escape time for thermal radiation. Thermal hazards could be from fires or

explosion. Fire releases energy slowly while explosion release energy very

rapidly (typically in micro seconds). Explosion is rapid expansion of gases

resulting in rapidly moving shock wave. Explosion can be confined (within

a vessel or building) or unconfined (due to release of flammable gases).

BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion) occurs if a vessel

containing a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric boiling point

ruptures. The subsequent BLEVE is the explosive vaporization of large

fraction of its vapour contents; possibly followed by combustion or

explosion of the vaporized cloud if it is combustible. Thermal hazards

have been considered for various scenarios including: Fire in inflammable

chemicals storage tanks.

Table 7.4: Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity

Incident Radiation

kW/m2

Damage Type

0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation

1.6 No discomfort on long duration

4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first degree burn are likely).

9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree burn after 20 sec.

12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition

of wood, melting of plastic tubing etc.

25

Minimum Energy required for piloted ignition

of wood, melting, plastic tubing etc.

37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment.

62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood.



Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact to Human

Exposure Duration

Radiation Energy {1% lethality;

kW/m2}

Radiation Energy for 2nd

degree burns; kW/m2

Radiation Energy for 1st

degree burns; kW/m2

10 sec 21.2 16 12.5

30 9.3 7.0 4.0

Table 7.6: Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects

Sl.

No.

Objects Tolerable Intensities

(kw/m2)

1 Drenched Tank 38

2 Special Buildings

(No window, fire proof doors)

25

3 Normal Buildings 14

4 Vegetation 10-12

5 Escape Route 6 (up to 30 secs.)

6 Personnel in Emergencies 3 (up to 30 secs.)

7 Plastic Cables 2

8 Stationary Personnel 1.5

7.7 DAMAGE DUE TO EXPLOSION

The explosion of a dust or gas (either as a deflagration or detonation)

results in a reaction front moving outwards from the ignition source

preceded by a shock wave or pressure front. After the combustible

material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure wave

continues its outward movement. Blast damage is based on the

determination of the peak overpressure resulting from the pressure wave

impacting on the object or structure. Damage estimates based on

overpressure are given in Table 7.7 below:

Table 7.7: Damage due to Overpressure

Sr.

No.

Overpressure

(psig/bar)

Damage

1. 0.04 Loud Noise/sonic boom glass failure

2. 0.15 Typical pressure for glass failure

3. 0.5 - 1 Large and small windows usually shattered

4. 0.7 Minor damage to house structure

5. 1 Partial demolition of houses, made uninhabitable

6. 2.3 Lower limit of serious structure damage

7. 5 - 7 Nearly complete destruction of houses

8. 9 Loaded train box wagons completely demolished

9. 10 Probable total destruction of houses

10. 200 Limits of crater lip

In PIL case explosion probability is remote.



7.8 TOXIC RELEASE

Hazardous materials handled and stored in bulk in PIL complex are are

two gases ammonia, chlorine/Sodium Hypochlorite and liquids (as

detailed in Table 7.1) and many other raw materials as defined in MSHIC

rules and indicated in Table 7.2. Some of these chemicals are stored in

bulk (in tank farm). Many of the pesticides products are new molecules

with unique properties. The main use of these pesticides molecules are to

kill insects, pests or other small organism which are harmful or do

damage to the human system directly or indirectly. The new pesticides

molecules are made because harmful organisms are becoming immune to

existing pesticides or the existing pesticides are doing more damage to

human than giving benefits.

Damage criteria: For toxic release the damage criteria considered is IDLH

concentration (if data are available). In the absence of non-availability of

IDLH, „Inhalation Toxicity (IT) data for rats‟ are considered. „IT‟ data are

used for such chemicals for whom IDLH are not available for these

chemicals.

7.9 DATA LIMITATIONS

It is also observed that very little data or information (regarding physical

properties required for modelling) is available about the pesticides

products. Considering these aspects modelling are based on the physical

properties of solvents or other chemicals (more volatile) used in the

manufacture of pesticides.

7.10 LIKELY FAILURE SCENARIOS

Few likely failure scenarios have been selected after critical appraisal of

raw materials and storage inventories. Failure scenarios selected are as

given in Table 7.8 below:

Table 7.8: Different Failure Scenarios

S. No. Scenario Storage Remark

Raw materials

Case-1 Liq. Iso. Butylene

Spillage

20 Kl Thermal/ Explosion

Impact

Case-2 Liq. Ammonia heavy release

20 Kl Toxic Impact

Case-3 Liq. Bromine heavy release

10 Kl Toxic Impact



S. No. Scenario Storage Remark

Case-4 Hydrogen 275 No. Thermal/ Explosion Impact

Case-5 Toluene Spillage 75 MT Toxic Impact

Case-6 Hexane Spillage 40 KL Thermal Impact

Case-7 Chloro Benzene Spillage

40 MT Toxic/Thermal Impact

Case-8 Dimethyl Sulfate Spillage

25 MT Toxic Impact

(B) QUANTITATIVE Risk ASSESSMENT & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

7.11 PREAMBLE

In the previous chapter, we have carried out the hazards analysis of the

PIL, Unit-II complex considering various aspects including bulk storages

of hazardous chemicals, plant process system, plant incidents/ accidents

records, critical appraisal and discussion at site for soft spots in the plant

etc. Based on the hazards analysis few critical scenarios have been

selected for QRA and consequence analysis. QRA quantifies vulnerable

zones for a conceived incident with various levels of severity.

Consequence calculations for risk assessment are invariably in terms of

percentage of fatalities but for emergency handling, fatalities are of no

interest saving lives is the main objectives then. The injury criteria have

to be agreed in terms of thermal load or toxic concentration versus

exposure duration in the first instance. In consequence calculation, use is

made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical effects

of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage

(lethality, injury, material destruction, and other property damage). The

risk assessment modeling can be roughly divided into three groups:

Determination of source strength parameters;

Determination of consequential effects;

Determination of damage or damage distances (with specific severity

rates)

7.11.1 Weather Effect

The effect of ambient conditions on the impact of fire/heat radiation and

GLC of hazardous/toxic material can be beneficial as well as harmful. A

high wind (turbulence) can dilute the toxic material while stable

environment can extend the reach of IDLH or IT (inhalation LC50 rats for



products) concentration to long distance. Any inflammable gas/vapour

release in turbulent weather will soon dilute the hazardous gases below

LEL and thus prevent the disaster.

7.12 INCIDENTS IMPACTS

The identified failure scenarios (Table 7.8) have been analyzed (Using

ALOHA and EFFECT Modules) for the impact zones considering damage

due to thermal and toxic impacts. Each incident will have Impact on the

surrounding environment which in extreme case may cross plant

boundary. The impact zones for various scenarios are given in Table 7.9.

Table 7.9: Hazards Scenario Impact

Scenario

No.

Scenario Impact Zone

(m)

Remarks

Scenario Raw Material

Case-1 Liq. Iso. Butylene

27

78

1st degree burn Figure 7.1 Flammable area of Vapour

Cloud Explosion Figure 7.2

Case-2 Liq. Ammonia 210 (IDLH) 420 (IDLH)

Stability Class-D [Figure 7.3] Stability Class-F [Figure 7.4]

Case-3 Liq. Bromine 616 (IDLH) 1300 (IDLH)

Stability Class-D [Figure 7.5] Stability Class-F [Figure 7.6]

Case-4 Hydrogen < 10

10

1st degree burn

Flammable area of Vapour Cloud Explosion

Case-5 Toluene 10 (IDLH) Stability Class-D

Case-6 Hexane 35 1st degree burn; Figure 7.7

Case-7 Chloro

Benzene

10 (IDLH)

15

Stability Class-D

1st degree burn; Figure 7.8

Case-8 Dimethyl Sulfate

100 (IDLH) Stability Class-D; Figure 7.9

Figure 7.1 Isobutylene Spillage & Fire - Thermal Impact Zone



Figure 7.2 Isobutylene Spillage & Evaporation - Flammable Area of

Vapor Cloud

Figure 7.3 Liquid Ammonia Spillage & Evaporation—Toxic Impact Zone

(Stability Class-D)



Figure 7.4 Liquid Ammonia Spillage & Evaporation—Toxic Impact Zone (Stability Class-F)

Figure 7.5 Bromine Release Impact Zone (Stability Class D)



Figure 7.6 Bromine Release Impact Zone (Stability Class F)

Figure 7.7 Hexane Burning Puddle-Thermal Radiation Impact Zone



Figure 7.8 Hexane Burning Puddle-Thermal Radiation Impact Zone

Figure 7.9 Dimethyl Sulfate Spillage-Toxic Impact Zone

7.13 CONSEQUENTIAL IMPACTS

The consequential impacts from each incident scenarios can be though

thermal and toxic route. The damage can be on plant personnel (and

neighboring residents in case incident crosses boundary), property and



also loss in production. The impact zones for some of the hazards are

shown in the figure 7.1 to 7.9.

7.13.1 Thermal and Explosion Hazards

Incidents involving thermal hazards are mainly due to raw material fire

(in tank farms). The impact (1st degree burn) is limited to 27 m only (i.e.

within plant boundary). However the consequences can go to worse if the

incidents lead to domino effect to other tanks.

7.13.2 Toxic Hazards

Toxic hazards are mainly due to ammonia and bromine gases leakage

and their impact can cross the plant boundary (if not controlled in time).

Toxic hazards are also possible in case of fire due to toxic gases

generation from combustion of material (as generation of Phosgene and

carbon monoxide due to Chloro Benzene combustion).

7.13.3 Other Hazards

The other hazards in the plant include (but not limited to):

Other toxic hazards due to acids/other toxic spillages (mainly limited

to spillage area only).

Mechanical hazards due to machines/equipment.

Hazards due to individual soft spots like walking casually and noticing

a pit and falling or colliding/stumbling or slipping (not noticing a wet

place etc.).

7.13.4 Other Toxic Hazards

Impact of acid spillage will be limited to spillage area. The spillage if

comes in contact with metal parts will produce hydrogen which is highly

flammable gas. Any person coming in contact with acid splash will receive

chemical burns. In addition the spillage will cause pollution problem. The

spillage is to be collected and neutralized for toxic contents before

disposal.

7.14 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PIL will have a well-equipped first aid post. It will also have staff

personnel trained in first aid. Injured personnel will be immediately

rushed to hospital after giving first aid. All employees will have regular

medical checkup as per norms. An emergency vehicle/ambulance will

always (round the clock) available for meeting any eventuality.



7.14.1 Treatment of workers affected by accidental spillage of

chemicals

There is wide range of chemicals present in the Chemical plants. The safe

cleanup of a chemical spill requires some knowledge of the properties and

hazards posed by the chemical & any added dangers posed by the

location of the spill. Employees must notify their immediate supervisor of

injury by spillage of chemicals or exposure to hazardous materials. All

injuries must be reported. Supervisor is responsible for reporting any

injuries or occupational illnesses to the management.

Following steps will be immediate taken by the Supervisor.

Identify spillage/leakages of hazardous chemicals

Chemical Exposure to Skin:

Immediately flush with cool water for at least 15 minutes. If there are no

visible burns, remove the cloth from burning part of body. Seek medical

attention if exposure/spillages occur major possible problems.

Chemical Exposure to Skin – Serious:

Remove all contaminated clothing. Locate the nearest emergency shower

and soak for at least 15 minutes. Have someone contact the Hospital for

immediate medical attention.

Chemicals in Eyes:

Irrigate eyes for at least 15 minutes with tempered water from

emergency eyewash station. Remove contact lenses if there is. Notify the

management and immediate medical attention.

Acid Fumes:

Anyone overcome by fumes should be removed to fresh air. Never

attempt to enter a location where potentially dangerous fumes might

place you at risk. If someone is down, contact emergency personnel and

let them enter. Self-breathing apparatus is required for persons entering

the affected area. Seek medical attention for exposure as soon as

possible.

Chemical Spills:

The safe clean-up of an acid spill requires some knowledge of the

properties and hazards posed by the acid and any added dangers posed

by the location of the spill. If you believe a spill is beyond your capacity



to clean up, do not attempt to do so by your own, immediately contact to

nearest fire/emergency station. Spill kits with instructions, absorbents,

neutralizing agents if applicable, protective equipment, and sealable

waste buckets should be present in plant area.

Following Steps to be taken for ensuring health and safety of

workers engaged in handling of Hazardous materials

Identify chemicals to be used, amounts required, condition followed as

per the MSDS guideline.

Evaluate the hazards posed by the chemicals and the process

conditions. The evaluation should cover toxic, physical, reactive,

flammable, explosive as well as any other potential hazards posed by

the respective chemicals.

Select appropriate controls to minimize risk, including use of

engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective

equipment (PPE) to protect workers from hazards. The controls must

ensure that OSHA‟s Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are not

exceeded.

Avoid Underestimation of Risk of handling and its reaction.

Before working with chemicals, know the facility‟s policies and

procedures for how to handle an accidental spill or fire. Emergency

telephone numbers should be posted in a prominent area. Know the

location of all safety equipment and the nearest fire alarm and

telephone.

Provide popper Ventilation in the plant/process area.

Corrosive chemicals that require vented storage should be stored in

vented cabinets instead of in a chemical hood.

Local exhaust ventilation devices should be appropriate to the

operations in the plant.

Chemicals should be separated and stored according to hazard

category and compatibility.

7.15 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

The hazard analysis and risk assessment of few possible selected incident

scenarios indicates that such incidents mostly are not limited to plant

battery limits and have impact on adjoining plants. Only one scenario



(specifically toxic hazards scenario due to Ammonia leakage) is crossing

the PIL plant boundaries. The direction of impact will be in down wind

direction (wind direction and speed varies with season). Some of the

recommendations for Tank farm storage system are as given below:

Provision of flame detectors/ thermal sensors at strategic locations in

the tank farm area.

Auto water deluge system on each bulk storage tank for inflammable

liquids. The system should automatically start taking signal from flame

detectors or thermal relay.

Fixed foam system with adequate capacity.

Toxic Hazards are due to Ammonia, Bromine and other hazardous raw

materials all liquid products. Regular „Hazard Survey‟ ensures the

detection of leakage in the plant.

In house „capability building‟ to attend hazardous scenarios is to be taken

up through mock drills.

Train staff in attending such scenarios.

Human Factors: PIL should have well equipped Toxic and fire handling

system and also safety department – safety practices. Human factors role

in safety cannot be ignored. Odd hours working and over/long hours work

can drain out individual. It shows in lack of efficiency and also the lack of

apt attention the modern chemical complex demand. They are to be

closely looked into and avoided.

Safety‟ has unique features:

a. If no accident has happened so far probability of incident/accident

occurring increases.

b. „No accident‟ / good safety record develops complacency inertia/over

confidence in the team. This attitude gives rise to gaps/soft spots in

the system giving chances to incidents/accidents.

c. Safety requires novelty. Routine training practices get stale with no

positive results. Look for novel scheme of training/ safety practices to

build up fresh impetus in safety. Involvement of employees with

refreshed outlook for safety is to be achieved.



7.16 ACTION PLAN FOR HANDLING & SAFETY SYSTEM OF CHEMICAL

Flammable chemicals will be stored in open area outside the process

plant with all the safety measures. Hazardous chemicals will be stored

and handle in dispensing room for taking out sample from the container

for quality check-up purpose or for the partial use. This activity for

Hazardous material handling will be carried out by using all PPEs with

proper ventilation & under supervision.

7.16.1 Safety Measures for Transportation and Unloading of Hazardous

Chemicals

Solvent unloading standard procedure will in place and will be

implemented for safe unloading of road tanker.

Static earthing provision will be made for tanker unloading.

Drum handling trolleys will be used for transportation of drums up to

plant and internal handling from storage to process area.

Display Boards will be provided on all storage tanks which include the

name of the chemicals and its major hazardous characteristics.

Fire extinguishers will be provided as required.

First aids boxes will also be provided at different places wherever

required.

Water showering system will be provided to the flammable chemicals

storage area.

Area will be declared as “NO SMOKE ZONE”.

7.16.2 Safety Measures for Storage/Handling of Hazardous Chemicals

All Hazardous and flammable chemicals will store separately and away

from the strong oxidant & kept it in well ventilated room. Adequate

firefighting system will be installed. Safety shower and eye washer will be

installed near storage area. Flame proof light fitting will be provided at

storage area. Sprinkler system will be installed near storage area. Safety

permit system will be followed for loading and unloading. Isolate storage

will be provided with wire fencing under lock and key. Caution note,

hazardous identification board will be provided. Only authorized person

will be permitted in storage area and register will be maintained. “NO

SMOKING” board will be displayed and Wind Indicator and siren will be

provided.



7.16.3 Safety Measures for Process Units

Safety measures are the most important aspect of selection of process

technology to ensure safety in production unit. For the safety in

production area some important critical safety measures will be provided

within the process technology/equipment itself & will put continue efforts

for developing new technology/equipment. Company will ensure such

provision in the technology/equipment/machineries at time of purchase.

The details of the critical safety measures for process unit are as below;

any reaction upsets will be confined to the reaction vessel itself as

defined quantity of raw materials will be issued to the reaction vessel by

metering pumps/load cells. Process parameters control will be provided

as per SOP- Standard Operating Procedures. Materials will be transferred

by pumping through pipeline or by vacuum from drums. All reaction vents

will be connected to vapor condensers system. Hazardous materials will

be transferred by pipelines and in controlled manners. Trained person will

be engaged for handling of hazardous materials. Proper safety

precautions will be taken during handling of hazardous materials. All

solvents and flammable material with required quantity will be charge in

reactor by pump or by gravity. All the vessels will be examined

periodically by a recognized competent person. All the vessels and

equipments will be well earthed appropriately and well protected against

Static Electricity. Temperature indicators will be provided near all reactor

and distillation systems. Flame proof light fittings will be installed in the

plant. All the Plant Personnel will be provided with Personal Protection

Equipments to protect against any adverse health effect during

operations, leakage, spillages or splash. PPE like Helmets, Safety Shoes

and Safety Glasses will be provided to the employees.

7.16.4 Safety Measures for Preventive Maintenance

The safety measures in the form of the general Do's & Don'ts for safety in

process & other plant area are as below:

Do not work on equipments without permission from plant head and

maintenance head.

Make sure equipment is empty and flushed with nitrogen and air.



Check VOC content for flammable and make sure that no flammable

vapour contents.

Keep proper and adequate fire extinguisher near work area.

Use proper PPE.

Do not allow any employment without pre-medical check-up or without

checking fitness.

Work in any equipment must be conducted in presence of supervisor.

Additional safety measures in form of the checklist covering Do's &

Don'ts of preventive maintenance, strengthening of HSE,

manufacturing utility staff for safety related measures will be updated

timely and will be made available to all concern department &

personnel.

7.16.5 Safety measures to prevent spillage/leakage of toxic chemicals

The preventive maintenance will be planned and carried out as per plan

to avoid the failure of valve, pipelines and other component of

transferring line. The spillage will be confined to the dyke area

underneath the vessel. The resultant splash of such chemicals will result

in exposure of toxic chemicals to employees. Decontamination facilities

(Safety shower and eye wash fountains) will be provided in the plant

area, which can be used to decontaminate the affected employees.

Suitable decontamination procedure will be used to decontaminate the

spilled or leaked material. The SOP for decontamination will be available

with all related department.

7.17 ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENSURING HEALTH AND SAFETY OF

WORKERS ENGAGED IN HANDLING OF TOXIC MATERIALS

The significance of Safety & Health in plant has been a vital issue in

achieving productivity and quality standard. Following is an effort for

safety & health of workers working in the plant. Numbers of chemicals

are used in plant have specific health hazards in nature. Following are

basic fundamental principles properly underlie all the workers working in

the plant. Occupational health and safety is about preventing people from

being harmed by work or becoming ill from work by taking adequate

precautions and providing a safe and healthy work environment.



Consideration of each should be encouraged before beginning work as

part of the culture of safety within the plant.

Plan ahead. Determine the potential hazards associated with

production.

Minimize exposure to chemicals. Do not allow toxic chemicals to

come in contact with skin. Provide proper ventilation devices to

prevent/minimize airborne.

Do not underestimate hazards or risks. Assume that any mixture

of chemicals will be more toxic than its most toxic component. Treat

all the chemicals as toxic substances.

Be prepared for accidents. Before beginning of any batch reaction,

know what specific steps to take which cause to accident if any

hazardous substance release accidently. Proper follow SOP- Standard

Operating procedure to take batch reaction.

Unit will assess is careful examination of what, at work, could cause harm

to workers, accidents and ill health. All risks in the workplace must be

identified and assessed for control measures to be put in place.

Follow the five steps of hazard identification will be taken by unit namely;

Identify the hazards

Decide who might be harmed and how

Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution

Record your findings and implement them

Review your assessment and update if necessary

Following Information workers should know regarding hazardous

chemicals

Unit shall ensure that the employee is adequately trained with regard to:

The contents of the hazardous chemical substances

Potential source exposure to chemicals

Measures taken by the employer to protect employees against any risk

from exposure

Precautions to be taken by an employee to protect himself against the

health risks associated exposure

Correct use, maintenance of safety equipment, facilities and

engineering controls



Importance of good housekeeping at the workplace and personal

hygiene

Safe working procedures

Procedures to be followed in the event of spillages or leakages.

7.18 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP)

Disaster/Emergency Management Plan is essential for a chemical plant as

the processes adopted for manufacturing are classified under Factory Act

as Hazardous due to handling and storage of toxic, flammable and

explosive hazardous materials. Over the years, the chemical process

plant has created adequate infrastructure and adopted risk mitigation

measures to tackle any emergency that may arise during the

manufacturing process. The important aspect in emergency planning is to

control an emergency by technical and organizational means, minimize

accidents and consequent losses. Emergency planning also brings to light

deficiencies, such as, lack of resources necessary for effective emergency

response. It also demonstrates the organization's commitment to safety

of employees and physical property as well as increases the awareness

among management and employees. Disaster Management Plan for the

plant is necessarily a combination of various actions which are to be

taken in a very short time but in a pre-set sequence to deal effectively

and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident with an

aim to keep the loss of men, material, plant/machinery etc. to the

minimum. A major emergency in a hazardous chemical plant is one,

which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life. It may

cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption of both inside

and outside the plant. Sometimes, it would require the assistance of

outside emergency services to handle it effectively. Although the

emergency at the plant may be caused by a number of different factors,

e.g. leakage of toxic and flammable materials from piping/tanks,

total/partial power failure, earthquake or sabotage, it will normally

manifest itself in fire/toxic release.

Primarily, DMP is prepared to furnish details which may require at the

time of the emergency, to delegate responsibility, to estimate the



consequences in advance and to prepare ourselves to control any type of

emergency. The plan explains basic requirements as follows:

Definition,

Objectives,

Organization set up,

Communication System,

Action on site,

Link with Off-site Emergency Plan,

Training rehearsal and record aspect.

7.18.1 Definitions

Various definitions on different analogy used on On-site & Off-site

Emergency Plan are as follows:

Accident: An accident may be defined as “an undesirable and unplanned

event with or without or major damage consequence of life and /or

property.

Major Accident: It is a sudden, unexpected, unplanned event resulting

from uncontrolled developments during an industrial activity, which

causes or has the potential to cause, death or hospitalization to a number

of people, damage to environment, evacuation of local population or any

combination of above effects.

Emergency: This can be defined as any situation, which presents a

threat to safety of person's or/and property. It may require outside help

also.

Major Emergency: Occurring at a work is one that may affect several

departments within and/or may cause serious injuries, loss of life,

extensive damage to properly or serious disruption outside the works. It

will require the use of outside resources to handle it effectively.

Disaster: Disaster is a sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage,

loss or destruction.

Hazards: Hazard may be defined as “the potential of an accident”.

Hazard exists in man and the system of materials and machines.

Chemical Hazards: It is a hazard due to chemical(s) (including its

storage, process, handling, etc.) and it is realized by fire, explosion,

toxicity, corrosively, radiation, etc.



Risk: Risk may be defined as the combination of consequence and

probability or likelihood of an accident being caused in a given man-

material – machine system.

On-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and control

emergencies within the factory and not affecting outside public or

environment.

Off-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and

control emergencies affecting public and the environment outside the

premises.

7.18.2 Objective of the Disaster Management Plan

The primary purpose of this Disaster Management Plan is to equip the

Plant with required resources and information for prompt implementation

of the set of actions to be undertaken in the event of an accident posing

hazards to the people and community after commissioning of the plant.

The objective of Disaster Management Plan (DMP), for the plant is to be

in a state of perceptual readiness through training, development and

mock drills, to immediately control and arrest any emergency situation so

as to avert a full fledge disaster and the consequence of human and

property damage and in the event of a disaster still occurring, to manage

the same to that the risk of the damage consequences to life and

property are minimized and thereafter, proper rehabilitation, review and

revisions of the DMP to overcome the shortcomings noticed are

undertaken. The DMP document is prepared keeping in view and to

confirm the requirements of the provisions of The Factories Act, 1948,

Guidelines issued by the MoEFCC and MSIHC, 1989 amended in 2000,

Schedule 11 under Environmental Protection Act, 1986.

Following are the main objectives of the plan to:

Defined and assess emergencies, including hazards and risk

Control and contain incidents.

Safeguard employees and people in vicinity.

Minimize damage to property and/or the environment.

Minimization of risk and impact of event accident.

Preparation of action plan to handle disasters and to contain damage.



Inform employees, the general public and the authority about the

hazards/risk assessed and to provide safeguard, and the role to be

played by them in the event of emergency.

Be ready for 'mutual aid' if need arises to help neighbouring unit.

Inform authorities and mutual aid centres to come for help.

Effect rescue and treatment of casualties.

Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons and prevention of

damage to the property.

Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore

normalcy.

Provide authoritative information to the news media.

7.19 ONSITE EMERGENCY PLAN

7.19.1 Incident Controller

Incident Controller‟s role is to control the emergency at the incident site.

7.19.1.1 Duties of Incident Controller

Incident Controller will proceed to the place of emergency after hearing

siren/announcement. He will:

Assess the scale of emergency and decide if a major emergency exists

or is likely, accordingly activate emergency procedure.

Immediately give his feedback to Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

regarding emergency.

Direct all operations within the area with following priorities.

o Secure the safety of personnel

o Minimize damage to plant property and environment.

o Minimize loss of material.

Direct rescue and firefighting operations till the arrival of the outside

Fire Brigade, he will relinquish control to Sr. Officer of Fire Brigade.

Ensure that the affected area is searched for causalities.

Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affected area evacuate to

the appropriate assembly point.

Set up communication point to establish Radio/Telephone/Messenger

contact as with emergency control centre.

Pending arrival of works site controller, assume the duties of the post

in particular to:



o Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to

be threatened by emergency.

o Ensure that the outside emergency services have been called in.

Ensure that the key personnel have been called in.

Report all significant development to the Site Main Controller.

Provide advice and information, as required to the Senior Officer of the

Fire Brigade.

Preserve evidence that would facilitate any subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of emergency.

Dy. Incident Controller will carry out above said duties in absence of

Incident Controller.

7.19.2 Site Main Controller

Site Main Controller will be overall in-charge of emergency organization

7.19.2.1 Duties of Site Main Controller:

Relieve the Incident Controller of responsibility of overall main control.

Co-ordinate ECC or if required, security for raising evacuation siren

and also all clear siren, in case emergency is over.

Declaration of major emergency ensures that outside emergency

services will be called and when required nearby firms will be

informed.

Ensure that key personnel will be called in.

Exercise direct operational control on parts of the works outside the

affected area.

Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible development and

assess these to determine most possible cause of events.

Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plants in consultation with

key personnel.

Ensure causalities are receiving adequate attention; arrange for

additional help if required. Ensure relatives are advised.

Ensure the accounting of personnel.

Control traffic movement within the work.

Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be maintained.

During prolonged emergency, arrange for the relief of the personnel

and provision of catering facilities.



Contact the local office to receive early notification of impending

changes in weather conditions, in case of prolonged emergency.

Issue authorized statements to the news media and informs H.O.

Ensure that proper consideration is given to the preservation of

evidence.

Control rehabilitation of affected areas after control of the emergency.

7.19.3 Other Key Personnel

The key personnel required for taking decision about further action for

shutting down the plant, evacuate the personnel, and carry out

emergency engineering works in consultation with Site Main Controller in

light of the information received. HOD‟s /Senior Managers/ Section Heads

will be responsible for safety, security, fire, gas and pollution control,

spillage control, communication system including telephone, wireless etc.

Also medical services, transport, engineering, production, technical

services, will form part of advising team.

7.19.3.1 Emergency Response Team

The role of Emergency Response Team members is to actually combat

the emergency at the site and control the emergency situation and carry

out rescue operations. All team members will be thoroughly trained to

deal with fires, explosions, chemical spills and atmospheric releases, first

aid. As per priority list during emergency, the activities will be carried

out as per emergency control plan.

7.19.3.2 Emergency Personnel’s Responsibilities Outside Normal

Working Hours of the Factory.

The duties of Shift In-charge & team members have been brought out

in emergency control plan. All team members after evacuating the area

shall report to ECC/ Incident Place. The non-essential workers shall be

evacuated from the plants if need arises and this will be determined with

the forcible rate with which incident may escalate. Non-essential workers

shall assemble at the earmarked/specified point of assembly.

7.19.3.3 Assembly Points

At the proposed plan, at least 2 assembly points will be identified and

marked properly.



7.19.4 Emergency Control Centre

It will be headed by Site Main Controller, HOD – PD, HOD- P&A and it is

sited in Office of Site Main Controller in Admin Building & New

security office (after office hours), which is readily accessible & with

minimum risk, equipped with telephone facilities and other

announcements extra communications facilities needed. It has enough

means to receive and transmit information and directions from site main

controller to incident controller and other areas. In emergency control

centre due to its safer location and advantage of easier accessibility, all

necessary personnel protective equipment‟s fire-fighting extinguishers

will be stocked in sufficient quantity.

7.19.4.1 Role of Emergency Control Centre

In case of mishap or accident like fire, toxic gas leakage, explosion in the

factory, The Emergency Control Centre will be Office of Head- Operations.

The plot plan indicating all the activities in the factory premises

including that of storage‟s utility services, production area,

administration, will be kept for ready reference, showing the location

of fire hydrant and fire-fighting aids.

Normal roll of employees, work permits, gate entries and documents

for head count, employees blood group, other information and

addresses will be available and the person, who will handle this

operation will HOD P & A.

Stationery required is available in the Control Centre (ECC) and HOD

(P & A) looks after it.

The requirement of personnel protective equipment and other

material, like torches, have been worked out and the quantity required

during emergency will be kept in the Control Room (ECC). The

responsible person for maintaining the said requirement/inventory will

be HOD-HSE.

7.19.5 Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements

The plant will be well equipped with suitable numbers of fire-fighting and

personnel protective equipment. The staff will be trained regularly to

handle the various emergency situations.



7.19.6 Medical Arrangements

Availability of first aid facilities in sufficient quantity will be always

ensured. In case of emergency arrangements will be made to avail

outside medical help immediately. Emergency transport facility will be

available.

7.19.7 Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements

Transport & Evacuation and Mutual Aid arrangements will be available in

the factory.

7.20 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

7.20.1 Declaring the Emergency

In case of any emergency in the plant, speedy and effective

communication of the same to all concerned in least possible time is the

most important aspect of any emergency-handling plan. An early

communication increases the chances of control of emergency in the bud

stage. Blowing siren will be adopted as method of communication of

emergency, to all employees in the plant.

7.20.1.1 Type of Sirens

Three different types of sirens have been identified for communication of

emergency.

Alert Siren: Single Continuous Siren for One Minute. This indicates

that there is some accidental happening in the plant. All have to become

alert. Incident controller will be rush to the site of emergency. Plant area

people have to start safe shut down. Rescue team and other emergency

control teams have to reach at the site of emergency.

Siren for evacuation: wailing & waning siren for three minutes.

This siren indicates that emergency is of serious proportion and

everybody has to leave his work place. All people having their role in

emergency control have to assume their assigned role. All non-essential

workers have to proceed immediately to assembly area and wait for

further instruction.

All clear siren: Long continuous siren for two minutes. This is a sign

of return of normalcy. On hearing this siren everybody should go back to

his or her respective workplace.



7.20.1.2 Location of Siren

Siren will be located in centre of the pant for wide coverage of the whole

campus. Switch for siren will be provided at security gate. The switch at

Security gate should be operated only as a general rule.

Emergency manual call bell will be installed which will be used in case of

total failure of electricity. It is responsibility of HOD (HSE) to maintain the

upkeep of electric call bell and HOD- Security and administration to

maintain manual and Hand operated siren.

7.20.1.3 Raising Alarm

Any person noticing any emergency situation in the plant should

immediately call security gate with following information:

Identify oneself

State briefly the type of emergency i.e. whether fire, explosion, toxic

gas release etc.

Give the location of the incident

Estimated severity of the incident

Security personnel after ensuring genuineness of the call shall raise the

ALERT SIREN. At the same time he will also contact the incident

controller and ECC in order and inform about the incident. He will keep

the gate open and rush his two security personnel at the site of

emergency with appropriate PPEs. ECC will be located at the office of

Head-Operations on normal working hours and at Security gate after

normal working hours (during night). ECC shall be immediately manned

on hearing alert siren. If the authorized people to handle ECC are not

available, any senior most people out of the available person nearby shall

occupy ECC till authorized person comes. Incident controller, on hearing

alert siren or by any other way of information of the emergency, will

immediately reach at the site of incident and assess the situation. He will

immediately give his feed back to ECC. ECC shall direct security gate to

raise evacuation siren, if the need arise. SIREN FOR EVACUATION shall

be raised on instruction from Site Main Controller or any Manager of the

plant in the ECC. Security gate person will be authorized to raise ALL

CLEAR SIREN on instruction from Site Main Controller or ECC, after the



emergency is over. Incident controller shall assume the responsibility of

site main controller in his absence.

7.20.2 Internal Communication

It shall be responsibility of ECC to communicate to all employees in the

plant. They may take help of telephone operator for such communication.

However, telephone operator can directly communicate information about

emergency to all internal departments, if such message comes from

incident controller or site main controller. Telephone operator will

continue to operate the switchboard advising the callers that staffs are

not available and pass all calls connected with the incident to ECC.

7.20.2.1 Availability of Key Personnel outside Normal Working Hours

The details of key personnel availability after working hours will be made

available at Security Gate, ECC, telephone operator as well as production

units. Security personnel shall call required key personnel from their

residence in case emergency occurs outside normal working hours.

Availability of emergency vehicle/Ambulance will be ensured to fetch the

key personnel residing outside. It will be the responsibility of HOD (P & A)

to maintain it.

To the Outside Emergency Services

Decision to call outside help to deal with emergency like fire brigade,

ambulance, police, etc., shall be taken by Site Main Controller. However,

in absence of Site Main Controller, if the incident controller realizes the

situation going out of control, he may ask for immediate help from

outside. ECC will be responsible for calling help from outside. A list of

emergency services available in the area with their telephone numbers

will be provided at ECC, at Security gate and with telephone operator.

Facilities such as phones, emergency vehicle, and security personnel will

be available to help calling outside emergency services and authorities.

7.20.3 Communication to the Authorities

The emergency will be immediately communicated to the government

officers and other authorities such as SPCB, police, district emergency

authority, Factory Inspectorate, hospital etc. by Emergency Control

Centre.



Communication to Neighboring Firms & the General Public

In case of emergency having its outside impact, public will be cautioned

regarding the same. Co-ordination of police will be sought for speedy

action. This is to be ensured by ECC.

7.21 Pre-emergency activities

Internal Safety survey with regard to identification of hazards, availability

of protective equipment‟s, checking for proper installation of safety

devices will be carried out periodically.

Periodic pressure testing of equipment

Periodic pressure testing of lines

Periodic safety/relief valve testing

Periodic fire hydrant system testing

Mock drill to check up level of confidence, extent of preparedness of

personnel to face emergency is being contemplated

Regular training is being imparted to all personnel to create awareness

Adequate safety equipment will be made available

Periodic check-up of emergency lights

Safer assembly points will be identified

Storage of adequate first aid treatment facilities

7.22 POST-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES

Following post emergency actions will be carried out to study in detail and

preventive measures to be taken

Collection of records

Inquiries

Insurance claims

Preparation of reports comprising suggestion and modification

Rehabilitation of affected personnel

Normalization of plant

7.22.1 Evacuation and Transportation

In case of emergency, evacuation and transportation of non-essential

workers will be carried out immediately. The affected personnel will be

transported for medical aid.



7.22.2 Safe Close Down

During emergency plant shut down will be carried out if situation

warrants. This will be as per the instruction of site main controller under

guidance of incident controller.

7.22.3 Use of Mutual Aid

Mutual aid agreement with nearby industries will be ensures to provide

help to each other in the emergency,

7.22.4 Use of External Authorities

As and when necessary, statutory authorities, police, pollution control

personnel, medical aid/center, ambulance etc. will be contacted.

7.22.5 Medical Treatment

The affected personnel will be brought to safer place immediately to give

them first aid. Immediate medical attention will be sought.

7.22.6 Accounting for Personnel

Proper accounting for personnel will be laid down in all the shifts. The

number of persons present inside the plant premises, their duty etc. will

be available with the P & A. This record will be regularly updated and will

be made available.

7.22.7 Access to Records

The relatives of affected personnel will be informed. The details regarding

all employees will be made available to Administration building.

7.22.8 Public Relations

In case of emergency, Manager P & A will be available for official release

of information pertaining to the incident.

7.22.9 Rehabilitation

The affected area will be cleared from emergency activities only after

positive ascertaining of the system in all respects. The entry to affected

area will have to be restricted until statutory authorities visit and inspect

the spot of incident. Nothing should be disturbed from the area till their

clearance. The site main controller will be in charge of the activities to be

undertaken. The plan will cover emergencies, which can be brought under

control by the works with the help of emergency team/fire services. The

DISASTER CONTROL PLAN for gas leak and fire will be prepared for entire

factory.



7.23 CAUSES OF EMERGENCY

7.23.1 Risk

7.23.1.1 Nature

In the plant, the nature of dangerous events could be of the following:

Fire : Chemical/Electrical

Toxic Release : From chemicals

Leakages : Equipment, pipe lines, valves, etc.

7.23.1.2 Various Emergency Actions

a) Onsite

Safe shut down of the plant and utilities

Emergency control measures.

To attempt with the help of trained crew in firefighting to contain the

fire spread up/gas emission and limit within limited space.

To cut off source of oxygen by use of firefighting appliances/to cut off

source of gas emission.

Cut off fall sources of ignition like electrical gadgets.

To protect fire prone area from the fire.

To remove material which can catch fire to the extent possible from

fire prone area.

Evacuation of non-essential persons.

b) Medical Facilities/Treatment

The Plant will have a Health centre which is manned with trained male

nurse on continuous basis who can render medical first aid. Doctor

will visit two times a week for two hour each time. The Plant is

searching for a full time medical officer and will appoint as and when

available.

Depending on seriousness the injured person shall be shifted to any

other hospital.

Vehicle will be available round the clock for transportation. Ambulance

will be also made available in the campus on regular basis.

c) In the event of Fatal Accidents

The information shall be given to following authorities:

Inspector of Police

Inspector of Factories



Mamlatdar

Corporate Office

Regd. Office

Insurance the plant

Regional Officer, SPCB

d) Emergency Siren

Emergency siren shall be blown for announcing the emergency which

shall have different sound for identification/differentiation than the

normally used for commencement of factory working etc.

Location of Siren Above Plant

Type of Siren Industrial Siren

Position of siren switch Located at Main Gate

e) Seeking help from neighboring industries/sources for fire engine

f) Advise for vacation of other areas

Since the effect of fire/gas emission shall be contained within the area

of the plant advice of vacation of other areas is not necessary.

7.23.1.3 Response Time-Minutes

Hazard Fire Fighting Police Medical Services

Fire & Explosion

Immediate with whatever

facilities available with the plant

10 min.

10 minutes

External Help within 15 minutes

7.24 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

7.24.1 Need of the Site Emergency Plan

Depending upon the wind direction and velocity of the effects of accident

in factory may spread to outside its premises. To avert major disaster it

is essential to seek guidance/assistance of statutory authorities, police

and health department. The movement of traffic may have to be

restricted. Required information will be given to the authority and

consultation will be sought for remedial measures.

A purpose of the off-site emergency plan is:

To provide the local/district authorities, police, fire, brigade, doctors,

surrounding industries and public the basic information of risk and

environmental impact assessment and appraise them of the



consequences and the protection/prevention measures and to seek

their help to communicate with public in case of major emergency.

To assist district authorities for preparing the off-site emergency plan

for district or particular area and to organize rehearsals from time to

time and initiate corrective actions on experience.

7.24.2 Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan

Available with concerned authorities.

7.24.3 Role of the Factory Management

The site main controller will provide a copy of action plan to the statutory

authorities in order to facilitate preparedness of district/area off-site

emergency plan.

7.24.4 Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO)

He will be a senior police or fire officer co-ordination with site main

controller. He will utilize emergency control centre.

7.24.5 Role of Local Authority

Preparation of Off Site Plan lies with local authorities. An emergency-

planning officer (EPO) works to obtain relevant information for preparing

basis for the plan and ensures that all those organization involved in

offsite emergency and to know their role and responsibilities.

7.24.6 Role of Fire Authorities

The fire authorities will take over the site responsibility from incident

controller after arrival. They will be familiarized with site of flammable

materials, water and foam applies points, fire-fighting equipment.

7.24.7 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities

Senior Police Officer designated, as emergency co-ordination officer shall

take over all control of an emergency. The duties include protection of

life, property and control of traffic movement.

Their functions include controlling standards, evacuating public and

identifying dead and dealing with casualties and informing relatives of

dead or injured. There may be separate authorities/agencies to carry out

evacuation and transportation work. Evacuation depends upon the nature

of accident, in case of fire only neighboring localities shall be alerted.

Whole areas have to be evacuated in case of toxic release.



7.24.8 Role of Health Authorities

After assessing the extent of effect caused to a person the health

authorities will treat them.

7.24.9 Role of Mutual Aid Agencies

Various types of mutual aid available from the surrounding factories and

other agencies will be utilized.

7.24.10 Role of Factory Inspectorate

In the event of an accident, the Factory Inspector will assist the District

Emergency Authority for information and helping in getting Neighbouring

Industries/mutual aid from surrounding factories. Factory Inspector may

wish to ensure that the affected areas are rehabilitated safely.

7.25 MOCK DRILLS AND RECORDS

7.25.1 Need of Rehearsal & Training

Regular training and rehearsal program of emergency procedures shall be

conducted with elaborate discussions and testing of action plan with mock

drill. If necessary, the co-operation/guidance of outside agencies will be

sought.

7.25.2 Some Check Points

The extent of realistic nature of incidents.

Adequate assessment of consequences of various incidents.

Availability of sufficient resources such as water, fire-fighting aids,

personnel.

The assessment of time scales.

Logical sequences of actions.

The involvement of key personnel in the preparation of plan.

At least 24 hours covers to take account of absences due to sickness

and holiday, minimum shift manning.

Satisfactory co-operation with local emergency services and district or

regional emergency planning offices.

7.25.3 Records and Updating the Plan

All records of various on-site and off-site emergency plans of the factory

will be useful alone with those of the factors by which statutory

authorities draw a detailed plan for the whole area/district. The records of

the activity will be updated regularly.



Chapter-8

Project Benefits

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Project benefit focus on those points which will become beneficial to the

surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development,

social development, employment and other tangible benefits due to

project. Proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-

skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase as well as

operational phase.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Unit has proposed to manufacture pesticides, pesticide intermediates &

Fine chemicals. The project will have requirement of an infrastructure, so

direct benefits of infrastructure development is anticipated. The project

proposes to employ local people which will help to increase the income of

local people & improve their standard of living.

During construction and commissioning phase, unit has proposed to

employ local contractual services. Hence, with the growth in the economic

conditions, the project may lead to growth in the social stature &

improvement of the quality of life in the surrounding area. It will also help

in improvement in local amenities. Thus, the project will have

considerable indirect benefits to the public physical infrastructures.

8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Due to proposed project activity, social infrastructure will improve by

means of civilization, vocational training and basic amenities.

Civilization: Due to the project, employment and other infrastructural

facilities will boost up income of surrounding people and improve quality

of life. This will indirectly boost up the civilization of the surrounding

people.

Vocational Training: Moreover, unit will provide vocational training

opportunity to the surrounding people and opportunities for employment

will motivate the education activities that will lead the change in life style

of the surrounding and affected people hence social infrastructure will be

improved.



Basic Amenities: Better education facilities, proper healthcare, road

infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for

better living standard of any human being which will further increase the

above amenities directly/indirectly either by providing or by improving

the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of

local communities.

8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

In the construction phase, direct and indirect manpower will be involved.

Thus temporary and permanent employment will be generated during

construction phase. The proposed manpower requirement during

construction will be 100-150 nos. During the operation phase, 300 nos. of

skilled and unskilled manpower will be required. Moreover, unit will

provide first priority to local workers for the employment.

Further, the indirect employment via increased transportation, ancillary

units & local economic activities will also add in the employment potential

of the project. Thus, the project will result in considerable benefits in

terms of employment.

8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

As mentioned above, the project will have many employment & trade

opportunities with the inception of the construction activities. Thus, these

will eventually result in appreciable economic benefits to the local people

& businesses/contractors. Indirectly, the proposed project will help the

Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part

of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.

The raw materials & finished goods will be moved by truck/tankers which

provide indirect employment to people engaged in this sector.

The CSR activities planned by the company will be considerably beneficial

to the surrounding area. These all together with the economic benefits of

the proposed project will result in further benefits in terms of the literacy

level, primary & middle level education and on health facilities.



Chapter-9

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

As per EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter of the ‘Environmental Cost Benefit

Analysis’ is applicable only if it is recommended at the Scoping stage. As per

the ToR points issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide File No. J-11011/6/2017-

IA II (I) & ToR letter dated 29.04.2017; its amendment on 22.06.2017 and

further amendment therein on 05.02.2018; the Environmental Cost Benefit

Analysis is not applicable and hence has not been prepared.



Chapter-10

Environment Management Plan

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Assessment of environmental and social impacts arising due to

implementation of the project activities is the technical heart of EIA

process. An equally essential element of this process is to develop

measures to eliminate, offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels

during implementation and operation of projects. The integration of such

measures into project implementation and operation is supported by

clearly defining the environmental requirements within an Environment

Management Plan (EMP). The EMP of M/s. PI Industries Ltd., Unit-II has

been formulated considering all necessary mitigation measures to

prevent/minimize/eliminate environmental impacts associated with the

proposed activities. M/s. PI Industries Limited, Unit-II is a new unit and it

has proposed to set up an Environment Management Cell to keep a close

watch on the performance of the pollution control equipment, emissions

from the sources and the quality of surrounding environment in

accordance with the monitoring program.

OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The EMP is prepared with the main objective of enlisting all the

requirements to ensure effective mitigation of adverse impacts for all the

components of the proposed project. The key objectives of the EMPare,

To limit/reduce the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of adverse

impacts,

To treat all the pollutants i.e. liquid effluent, air emissions and

hazardous waste with adoption of adequate and efficient technology,

To reduce risk/hazards and design the disaster management plan,

and

To make budgetary provision and allocation of funds for environment

management system and for timely revision of budgetary provisions.

10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction phase results in temporary environmental pollution except

for the permanent change in local land use pattern & aesthetics in certain



cases. Such pollution is mainly due to site preparation, civil works,

transportation, storage & handling of construction materials, construction

worker’s sanitation etc. These are usually short-term impacts.

10.2.1 Air and Noise Environment

During construction work at M/s. PI Industries Ltd., Unit-II, air pollution

is expected in the form of increased suspended particulate matter

concentration. Installation work will generate noise and dust, but it will

within working areas. To mitigate the adverse environment impact due to

the construction phase, following measures will be taken:

Regular sprinkling of the water will be carried out at least twice a

dayalong with the construction activities to reduce dust emissions,

Regular preventive maintenance of machinery and transportation

vehicles will be carried out to reduce vehicular emissions and noise

pollution,

Provision of silencer to modulate the noise generated by the machine,

if required, and

Provision of personal protective equipment such as earmuffs/earplugs

to workers working in noisy area.

10.2.2 Water Environment

During construction phase, water supply and sanitation facilities will be

provided to construction workers.

10.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed manpowerrequirement during construction will be 30-45

nos. M/s. PI Industries Limited will give preference to local people

through both direct and indirect employment.

10.2.4 Safety and Health

Adequate rest area will be provided to the construction workers. Unit will

also supply potable water for the construction workers. The safety

department will supervise the safe working of the contractor and their

employees. Work spots will be maintained clean, provided with optimum

lighting and enough ventilation to eliminate dust/fumes.

10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING THE OPERATIONAL

PHASE

EMP proposed for implementation is detailed under the following heads:



Air Pollution Control

Wastewater Management

Solid/Hazardous Waste Management

Noise Management

Greenbelt Development

Occupational Safety and Health

Implementation of EMP and monitoring programme

10.3.1 Air Pollution Management

10.3.1.1 Source of Air Pollution and Control Measures

Main source of air emission will be point source & fugitive emission. Flue

gas emission will be from stack attached with Boilers and TFH. FO/NG will

be used as fuel so no APCM is required. Process gas emission will be from

stack attached to reactors of multipurpose plant. Alkali scrubber will be

installed as APCM. Proper stack height will be provided for proper

atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Most probable emitted pollutants

from flue gas stacks will be SPM, SO2 and NOX. Unit is also proposed to

install a standby D.G. set (4 nos.) of 4000 kVA capacity to fulfill power

requirement in case of non-availability of power/emergency, where HSD

will be used as a fuel.

Measures to control fugitive emission

The fugitive pollutants of PM, VOCs & Acid mist are likely to emit from

process area. Unit will adopt following measures,

Adequate scrubbing system to absorb the process gas and

condensing systems,

Entire process will be carried out in closed reactors,

Pneumatically transfer of liquid raw material in rector,

Raw material will be stored in the covered structure,

Regular maintenance of valves, pipes etc,

Frequent work area monitoring will be done ensure fugitive

emissions level.

10.3.1.2 Measures for Solvent Recovery

M/s. PI Industries Limited will recover following solvents from different

processes.



Table 10.1 Details of solvent to be used

Sr.

No.

Name of solvent Maximum storage

capacity

1 Toluene 75 MT

2 Methyl Alcohol 48 MT

3 Tert-butyl Methyl Ether 20 MT

4 Isobutylene 10 KL

5 Acetonitrile 50 KL

6 Iso Propyl Alcohol 50 KL

7 Hexane 40 KL

Process Step of Solvent Recovery

Most of the solvents as above shall be recovered from reaction vessels.

Each reaction vessels shall have overhead condenser (primary and a vent

condenser). The primary condenser shall have the utility connection of

either cooling water (32-37°C) or chilled water (5-10°C) or both. Based

on boiling point of solvent as per the table. The vent condenser shall have

a utility connection of either chilled water or brine or both. By these

measures the utilities in the condensers shall always be below the

condensing temperature of various solvents and there for least vapour

pressure or mole fraction at condensing temperature. Unit shall be using

dry vaccum pump with vaccum control device to maintain constant

pressure. Each vaccum device shall also have a knockout pot and a

condenser before suction of the vaccum pump.

10.3.1.3 Odour Control Plan

All solid raw materials shall be charged directly to reactor through special

air lock hopper against slight negative pressure (in water column) so that

no odour is emitted to the environment. Solid charging nozzle in reactor

shall be projected inside so that it directly falls in to the solvent media,

thereby eliminating carrying over of solid to vapour nozzle. Powder

transfer system shall also be used where ever applicable to have zero

loss of powder into the atmosphere. All liquid raw material handled in

drum shall be cooled down during summer before charging so as to

minimize its vapour pressure and control of odour. Liquid from drums

shall be charged in day tank or to reactor with the help of FLP motorized

barrel pump. Alternatively vacuum lock could also be used in day tank for



transfer of liquid from drum (pumping under vacuum). Proper Personal

Protective Equipment (PPEs) will be provided to the workers who are

involved in handling odorous materials.


The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement from SEZ Authority. Total




Source of wastewater generation will be effluent from process, scrubber,

lab, washing and utilities. Total wastewater generation will be 734 KLD

(including industrial and non-industrial sources), out of which 684 KLD

will be industrial wastewater and 50 KLD will be domestic w/w. The

wastewater from process will be divided into three streams for treatment

based on the quality of the effluent stream. One stream (60 KLD) will be

directly incinerated in incinerator of PI, Unit-I; high TDS & high COD

stream (292 KLD) will be taken to MEE and dilute stream from process

(59 KLD) will be directly taken to ETP along with effluent of lab, washing.

Utilities effluent i.e. cooling bleed off, boiler blow down and DM plant will

be sent to RO. RO reject will be further sent to ETP. Domestic effluent will

also be treated into ETP.

Out of 734 KLD; 60 KLD goes to incinerator, 40 KLD system loss & salt

generation and 134 KLD treated water recycle and resulted 500 KLD

waste water generation goes to ETP of adjacent sister concern unit of PI

Industries (Unit-I) and finally discharged to SEZ sump for final disposal.

Unit will utilize Environmental facilities of our adjoining unit, which is at

the adjacent plot, which has excess capacity of overall EMS including ETP

and incinerator.Comprehensive details on the water balance are provided

in Chapter 2.

Effluent Treatment Scheme: (ETP of PI, Unit-I)

All the effluent streams coming from plant and utilities are collected in a

collection sump, where it is directed to ETP, having a treatment capacity

of 2500 m3/day. Raw effluent passes sequentially through oil and grease

trap, equalization tank, flash mixer tank, clariflocculator tank, and

aeration basins. Effluent from clarifier is later passed through sand filter



and activated carbon filter to provide final effluent that meets SPCB

norms, which is discharged to sea through ECPL’s effluent disposal

system. Discharged sludge from clariflocculator tank and clarifiers

undergoes dewatering and is sent to TSDF. Comprehensive details on the

wastewater treatment are provided in Chapter 2.

10.3.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

MEE salt will be disposed at approved TSDF site. Spent resin will be

disposed off at approved TSDF site/co-processing. Used oil will be sold to

registered re-refiners. Process waste and Residues after distillation,

fractionation, condensation recovery etc./Solvent distillation residue and

date expired off specific products will be incinerated or sent to Common

Incineration facility or co-processing. Spent carbon will be sold to

authorized recyclers/ re-processors. Whereas discarded drums/containers

and liners will be disposed off by selling to authorized scrap dealer or end

user. Spent/crude solvent will be incinerated at PI, Unit-I or CHWIF or

send for co-processing. Recyclable solvent will be either distilled in-house

or sent to GPCB approved distillation facility. Spent catalyst will be

incinerated at PI, Unit-I or sent to Common Incineration facility or co-

processing or will be sold to authorized recyclers/re-processors, spent

acid will be sold to authorized recyclers/re-processors/users. Details of all

hazardous waste disposals are given in Chapter-2, Table 2.12. Storage

& Disposal mode will be as per the Hazardous & Other Waste

(Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Storage and Transportation of Solid/Hazardous Waste:

Proper Hazardous waste storage area with impervious flooring and

covered shed is provided for storage of solid/hazardous waste.

Entire quantity of the hazardous waste is stored in the isolated

hazardous waste storage area within premises having leachate

collection system and roof cover. The storage yard shall be properly

labeled for identification of wastes.

Hazardous waste shall not be stored for a period more than 90 days.

Records of the same shall be maintained and make them available for

inspection.



Properly packed & labeled waste shall be transported through

dedicated vehicle to authorized TSDF facility.

10.3.4 Noise Control

M/s. PI Industries Limited proposes following noise control measures to

minimize the impact of noise on the environment during the operational

phase,

Noise suppression measures such as enclosures, buffers and/or

protective measures should be provided, if required (wherever noise

level is more than 90 dB (A)).

Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried

out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.

Use of PPE like ear plugs and ear muffs is made compulsory near the

high noise generating machines.

Moreover, the personnel shall be provided breaks in their working

hours, with the continuous exposure not increasing three hours.

The transportation contractor shall be informed to avoid unnecessary

speeding of the vehicles inside the premises.

Acoustic enclosure shall be provided for D.G. set and similar provisions

like noise attenuator wherever suitable/possible.

Areas with high noise levels will be identified and segregated where

possible and will include prominently displayed caution boards.

Adequate Greenbelt will be developed within industrial premises and

around the periphery to prevent the noise pollution.

Periodic monitoring of noise levels as per post-project monitoring plan

shall be done on regular basis.

By taking measures as mentioned above, it is anticipated that noise

levels in the plant will be maintained below the permissible limit.

10.3.5 Green Belt Development

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures to control the

air pollution and noise pollution. It also causes aesthetics improvement of

the area as well as sustains and supports the biosphere.

Unit will develop greenbelt in an area of 28810 m2, which will be around

33% of total area of the proposed project.



Design of Green Belt

As far as possible, following guidelines will be considered in greenbelt

development.

The spacing between the trees will be maintained as per SPCB

guideline i.e. 1 tree/4 sqm.

Spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase

the effective height of the greenbelt.

Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation.

The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows

(towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height)

will be planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side).

Planting methodology

The plantation shall be done in pits. The pit shall be refilled with soil after

the planting. The sampling of healthy, nursery raised, seedlings in

polythene containers shall be transported in baskets. Planting shall be

done after first monsoon showers.The level of soil is about 10 cm above

of ground level. The soil around the plant shall be pressed to form a low

through. About 25 gm chemical fertilizers shall be added. Watering shall

be continued after plantation if any dry spells follows. Planted area shall

be inspected and mortality rate ensured for each species. The dead and

drying plant shall be replaced by fresh seedlings.

Selection of species for greenbelt

For the development of greenbelt, native species with pollution

abatement ability will be preferred over exotic or foreign species. The

plants are suitable for greenbelt development based on gaseous

exchange capacity of foliage which is ascertained by the following

characteristics:

The plant should be fast growing.

It should have thick canopy cover.

It should be perennial and evergreen.

It should have large leaf area index.

It should be indigenous.

It should be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects

on plant growth.



The objectives of the industrial greenbelt are to improve the micro-

environment. The success depends on the type of land available and

selection of suitable tree species for pollution control. Selection of tree

species for industrial areas is influenced by the nature of industry. The

objective should be to ensure a green cover tolerating pollutant gases

and solid particulates present in the atmosphere. It is also advisable to

select suitable tree species and adopt simple techniques which require

minimum investment and care.

Plantation Programme

Plantation of trees in and around the company are meant mainly to

reduce air pollution caused by factory emissions, to absorb sound, to

prevent soil erosion and to maintain aesthetic value for healthy living.

Floral species recommended for greenbelt

Azadirachtaindica (Neem), Cassia fistula (Garmalo), Delonixregia

(Gulmahor), Polyalthialongifolia (Asopalav), Mangiferaindica (Mango),

Albizialebbeck (Siris), Pongamiapinnata (Karanj), are suggested for the

greenbelt development with respect to this particular area. They are

mostly deciduous and evergreen tree types suitable to be grown in the

area.

Survival rate of trees and post plantation care

Considering the availability of water and general survey of surrounding

area, the survival rate is expected to be around 70-75%. Moreover, the

wire net guards will be provided to protect the saplings. The same will be

properly manured and watered so that it can grow well.

Protection of plantation site:

Protection from grazing will be done by erecting tree guards around

planted sapling.

Though the tree suggested for plantation will require very less water,

however during the first year watering will be done twice in a day.

There after watering will be done twice in a week.

The manuring will be done when plantation take up. For this propose

cow dung will be dump in the pit. No other manuring will require for

proposed plantation. Cow dung is easily available in the study area.

Damaged plants will be replaced with new plants.



Strict surveillance will be made to increase the survival rate of the

trees.

10.3.6 Occupational Health & Safety Plan

To maintain high standard in Health, Safety and Environment, necessary

key mitigation measures & action plan as EMP has been suggested as

described below.

Post-employment health check-up programs will be carried out on

annually and all records & documents related with employee health

check-up program will be maintained.

As per RA report, all risk control & prevention measures in the unit will

be implemented.

Necessary PPEs, safety equipments/materials to ensure healthy & safe

work conditions will be provided to employees.

The project does not envisage conditions that could lead to excess

heating. Consequently, special requirements for protection against

heat stress are not anticipated. However, ventilation for heat

evacuation, suitable PPEs is provided to employees.

All employees will be provided with required set of PPEs like ear plug,

ear muff etc. where noise levels in excess of 80 dB(A) are regularly

generated.

It is recommend that Pre-employment health check-up programs shall

be carried out for every new employee and all records & documents

related with employee health check-up program shall be maintained

by the proponent.

Safety documents, procedures, guidelines along with MSDS shall be

provided to the associated/concerned personnel engaged in respective

operational activities.

Training programs & safety audit shall be done on regular basis to

prevent impacts of the operational activities on occupational health as

well as to improve workplace condition & safe work system.

The proponent shall ensure implementation of emergency

management plan with provision of fire-fighting equipment/facilities,

first aid & medical facilities, evacuation procedures etc.



Proponent shall also ensure proper implementation & functioning as

well as assess effectiveness of this safety & emergency system on

regular basis throughout the project operation phase.

Details of the separate isolated storage area:

Unit will provide isolated storage area for corrosive chemicals. Details of

storage are given in Table 7.1 of chapter-7 of EIA report. All the raw

materials are stored in isolated storage area and containers are tightly

closed. Following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident

like spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any

such accident and to combat the emergency at site level in case of

emergency.

Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and kept in

sharp and alert watch.

Protective equipment will be regularly checked and will be kept easily

accessible and easily workable during emergency.

Safety installations like available quantity of running water will be

regularly watched.

Fire bucket and hose reels will be provided to withstand the fire or

explosion conditions.

Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water CO2

type, CO2 type) will be provided inside the factory premises.

Every pressure vessel will be provided with minimum one or more

pressure relief devices. The design of the valve is made in such a way

that the breakage of any part will not obstruct force discharge of the

liquid under pressure. Moreover, relief valves are tested and a periodic

schedule for their testing shall be maintained. The defective valves will

be removed if found unsafe for the operation.

Plans for Periodic Medical Checkup

Part time doctor isperiodically visited the plant for health check-up of

each employee.

Pre-employment health check-up will be followed by periodical health

check-up with special attention to occupational health.

Medical records of each employee will be maintained in prescribed

format as per Factory Act.



The health check-up will be conducted as per the pre-designed format

which will include chest X-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision

Testing, ECG, Blood and urine test etc.

The work zone monitoring will be conducted on regular basis.

Monitoring of the Occupational Injury & It’s Impact on workers

The action plan will be prepared to monitor the injury to workers:

Each workplace will be evaluated for the existing work conditions.

Unsafe Act &unsafe Practices will be identified.

Unsafe equipment, unsafe areas, etc., will be identified.

Area will be checked for proper Ventilation and Illumination.

Air-borne concentration of toxic chemicals will be measured and

records will be kept.

Evaluation of training & on the job work.

Impact of the above mentioned unsafe conditions on workers will be

studied and remedial measures for the same will be adopted.

10.4 POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Post-project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be as

per the guideline. The highlights of the integrated environmental

monitoring plan are:

The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and port-hole of all

the stacks shall be maintained in good condition.

Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks &fugitive

emissions in the process areas.

The performance of air pollution control equipment such as Alkali

scrubber shall be evaluated based on the monitoring results.

Water consumption in the unit to be recorded daily.

Analysis of untreated and treated effluent will be carried out regularly.

Performance of effluent treatment plant units evaluated based on the

analysis results of treated effluent.

As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of acoustic

hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular noise level

monitoring carried out.

Green belt properly maintained and new plantation programmes

undertaken frequently.



Continued environmental awareness programmes carried out within

the employees and also in the surrounding villages.

Rain water harvesting ponds will be developed within the industrial

premises and encouraged in the surrounding villages too.

Table: 10.2 Environment Monitoring Plan

Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis with

its analyzer

Parameters

Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &

Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of

each stack

Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl,

Cl2, NH3, HBr, HC

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as per

the statutory conditions by

external agency


Noise level Monthly as per the statutory

conditions by external agency

Nr. Main gate, Nr.

Boiler, Nr. D. G. Set,

Process area etc.

Work zone fugitive

monitoring

Monthly by external agency VOCs, RPM, Acid Mist

Health check-up of

workers

As per the statutory guideline All workers

10.4.1 Details of Work Place Air Quality Monitoring Plan

Work zone monitoring will be carried out by independent competent third

party every month. Records will be kept in Form No. 37 as per Gujarat

Factories Rules. Location for samplings will be identified. Following

information will be incorporated in the format for maintaining records of

work zone monitoring:

Location/Operation monitored

Identified contaminant

Sampling instrument used

Number of Samples

Range of contaminant concentration as measured in sample

Average concentration

TWA concentration of contaminant (As given in Second Schedule of

Factories Act)

Reference method used for analysis

Number of workers exposed at the location being monitored

Signature of the person taking samples



10.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT BUDGET ALLOCATION

Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum earmarked for environment

pollution control measures will be as under.

Table 10.3: Budget Allocation for Environment Management

S. No.

Particulars Capital Cost (Rs.

in Lakhs)

Recurring Cost per annum

(Rs. in Lakh)

1 Air Pollution Control 1800 400

2 Water pollution Control 200 100

3 Noise pollution Control 100 25

4 Solid/Hazardous waste

management

300 100

5 Environment Monitoring and

Management

25 8

6 Occupational Health 100 25

7 Green Belt Development

Plan

50 20

8 Rain water harvesting

system

25 7

Total 2600 685

10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

Unit will set up separate Environment Management Cell. The major duties

& responsibilities of EMC are as follows:

To implement the Environmental Management Plan

To ensure regular operation &maintenance of pollution control devices

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations

To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence

to the EMP

To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule

Review & interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures

in case monitored results are above the specified limit

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and

applicable environmental laws as ready reference

Maintain environmental related records

Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants and

monitoring laboratories

Maintaining log of public complaints and the action taken



10.6.1 Hierarchical Structure of Environmental Management Cell

The hierarchical structure is given below in Figure 10.1.

Figure 10.1: Environment Management Cell

10.6.2 Reporting System of Non-Compliances/Violations of

Environmental Norms

Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management

tool for ensuring sustainable operation of the unit. Records are maintained

for regulatory, monitoring &operational issues.Company will develop

reporting systems of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms

to the Board of Directors.The mechanism is summarized below:

1. Identify deviation/non-compliance/violation of environmental norms

as lay down in consent to operate and letter of Environmental

clearance. Record to communication/complain received from

plausible stake holder.

2. The EHS manager will identify deviation/non-compliance/violation

from failure to comply with statutory requirements.

3. Respond from EHS manager within reasonable time limit to concern

authorities with c/c mark to Technical head.

4. Technical head will take action and give necessary guideline to

comply any deviation/non-compliance/violation of environmental

ETP in-

charge

Safety

officer

Senior Manager (HSE)

ETP

Operator

Senior Vice President

(EHS)

Manager

Executive

MEE in-

charge

Fireman MEE

operator



norms. Parallel arrange budget for necessary action to comply the

condition.

5. Communication received from the EHS manager will be discussed in

technical management meeting.

6. Board discussion, Decision and Action

The chairperson will review the information available and take a

decision depending on the seriousness of the violation.

The decision will be taken to ensure the compliance of non-

compliance/violation of environmental norms and it’s safeguarded.

The decision will be taken by consensus and if no consensus is

arrived at, voting will be conducted.

Enlist measures that would undertake to ensure that deviations/

non-compliance/violations of Environmental norms and take care

not to occur same violation in future.

10.7 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION

Steps that are undertaken by the industry are given below:

Solid wastes e.g. powders, spills, etc. in process and packaging are

to be separately collected and disposed of instead of allowing these

to effluent streams. This will reduce load to treatment and increase

the efficiency of treatment system.

Mechanical seals will be provided to the process vessels having

agitator for reduction of fugitive emissions and leakages.

Maximize the use of natural lighting through design,

CFLs or LED lights are used in administration building and plant

premises,

Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum

energy used for desired comfort levels,

Rain water harvesting system will be adopted to reduce the fresh

water requirement.

Recycling of water will be done

10.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to voluntary actions

undertaken by company/organization to either improve the living

conditions (economically, socially, environmentally) of local communities



or to reduce the negative effects of the project. Socio-economic

development activities is a concept of organization whereby organizations

serve the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of

their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and

the environment in all aspects of their operations.

Following activities will be under taken as a part of CSR under

different heads:

Education

Awarding meritorious school students in SSC & HSC

Science Lab - Equipment & books in libraries for schools

Supports for sport & cultural competitions in schools

Health and family welfare

Malaria eradication camps (collection of blood sample & detection of

virus & free medicine distribution, blood donation camp)

General Health camp for men, women & kids

Contribution towards primary Health Services depending on local

needs.

Preservation of the Environment and to Sustainable Development

Water harvesting systems in nearby villages.

Landscaping and greenbelt development in & around the project site.

Provide sanitation facilities to villagers.

Industry proposes to allocate Rs. 9.825 Crore @ of 2.5% of total project

cost towards Corporate Social Responsibility.

Table: 10.4 Budgetary Provisions for the Social Upliftment

Sr. No.

Activity Budgetary provision (Rs. in Lakhs)

1 Educational activities 2.225

2 Drinking water and sanitation

facilities

3.12

3 Public Health and family welfare 1.2

4 Women Empowerment & children

Development activities

2.78

5 Miscellaneous as per the demand

of surrounding villages

0.5

Total 9.825



Chapter-11

Summary & Conclusion 11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

M/s. PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) is a green field project, proposed to start

manufacturing of pesticides and intermediates, Fine chemicals at Sterling

SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd., Plot No. SPM-29/2, Village: Sarod, Tehsil:

Jambusar, District: Bharuch, State: Gujarat. Total production capacity of

the unit will be 44240 MT/annum and total by-product recovery will be

90200 MT/annum.

Project activities falls under item 5(f) & 5(b) of the Schedule of EIA

Notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments.

11.1.1 Brief details of the project

Name of the Project PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II)

Production capacity 44240 MT/annum (By products: 90200

MT/annum)

Total Project cost Rs. 393 crore

Manpower requirement About 300 persons

Location

Plot No. SPM 29/2

Village Sarod

Tehsil Jambusar

District Bharuch

State Gujarat

Area 87300 m2

Site Coordinates Latitude: 22°10'54.42"N

Longitude: 72°47'24.35"E

Nearest

Railway Station Jambusar Railway Station, about 14.5 km

Air Port Vadodara Airport, about 48.2 km

City Vadodara, about 43.0 km

National Park/ Wildlife

Sanctuary

None within 10 km radius

Proposed

Power Requirement 15000 kVA, Source: DGVCL

Water Requirement Total: 2625 KLD;

Fresh water: 134 KLD;

Source of raw water: SEZ water supply



Wastewater Generation Industrial: 684 KLD

Domestic: 50 KLD

Fuel Requirement FO: 204 MT/day;

NG: 195440 Nm3/day;

Diesel for D.G. Set: 100 KLD

Source of Air Emission Boiler, TFH, D. G. set, MPP plant 10 to 14

Haz. Waste Generation Discarded Containers/Drums/Liners, Used Lubricating Oil, Distillation residue, Spent

Carbon, Spent Catalyst, Spent Acid, Spent Resin, date expired/off specific product

11.1.2 Investment of the Project

Total cost of proposed project is Rs. 393.0 crores. Out of which, Rs. 26.0

crores will be earmarked for development of EMS as capital investment

and around Rs. 6.85 crore will be recurring cost per annum.

11.1.3 Product Profile

List of products with its capacity are given below:

Sr. No.

Common Name IUPAC Name Quantity (MTPA)


1 Amino Triazines

a THM Bis (1,2,3 - Trithiacyclohexyl Dimethyl Ammonium) Oxalate

2 Diamides



b SOD N2-(2-Methyl-1-(Methylsulfinyl)propan-2-yl)-N1-(2-Methyl- 4 - (perfluoropropan-2-yl)

phenyl) phthalamide


3 Hydazinopyridine


4 Nicotinamides


Carbonitrile

5 Nitroguanidines

a BNHT 5-Benzyl-1-Methyl, 2-Nitro 2 imino-

tetrahydro 1, 3, 5-trizan.






8 Phthalimides



a PMT Phosmet

9 Pyrazole-diamides




d BPCA 3-Bromo-1-(3-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-Carboxylic Acid

10 Quinazoline

a FNZQ 3-[2-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) phenyl] ethoxy]

Quinazoline


a FMTQ 2-Ethyl-3,7-Dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)

phenoxy]-4-Quinolyl Methyl Carbonate

12 Thiazolidines




1 Alkylazines



2 Amide-triazolones

a IAT 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one, 4-amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-


a FPES Ethyl(2R)-2-{4-[6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-

yl)oxy] phenoxy} propanoate



furylmethoxymethyl} benzoyl)-cyclohexane-1, 3-Dione)

b Tembutrion 2-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}cyclohexane-

1,3-dione

c 747 Either 2-Chloro-4-(methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl] Benzoic acid


5 Furanones

a FLURT 5-(Methylamino)-2-Phenyl-4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl) phenyl] furan-3(2H)-one




a PYCL 1-(3-Chloro-4,5,6,7-tetra hydropyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-2-yl)-5-[methyl (prop-2-

ynyl)amino] pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

8 Oxazinones

a MY-100 3-[1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one

9 Oxazoles



a Lake Palace 3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl) methyl]

sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole


a KPP Pantoxazone

11 Phosphinates


12 Pyrimidinediones

a PCM N-(2 Chloro-4 Fluoro-5-((ethoxy carbonyl)-

amino)-benzoyl)-N-iso-propyl-N-methyl-sulfamid








15 Sulfonylurea

a AMSB(Mesylamide) Methyl 2-Amino-4-{[(methyl sulfonyl)amino] methyl} benzoate


16 Triazines

a CNZ Cyanazine






a SSF-126/OXIME (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-Methyl-2-(2-

Phenoxy Phenyl) Acetamide

b TRFRN N,N'-[1,4-Piperazinediyl-bis(2,2,2-Trichloro Ethylidene)]-Bis-[Formamide]


d MIPD (1E)-1-(2,5,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)

Propane -1,2-dione 1-(O-Methyloxime)

e ORST Orysastrobin

2 Benzamides

a ZXMD (RS)-3,5-Dichloro-N-(3-Chloro-1-Ethyl-1-

Methyl-2-Oxopropyl)-p-Toluamide

3 Carboxamides


4 Organophosphates



a CTPE 2-[3-Chloro-5-(Trifluoro methyl) Pyridin-2-yl]



Ethanamine

6 Pyrimidines

a AZST Methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-Cyanophenoxy)

pyrimidin-4-yloxy] phenyl}-3-Methoxy acrylate

7 Quinoxalines

a CMTH 4-(Methoxy-6-(trifluoro methyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

8 Triazoles





Oxirane

d IBCZ (4-Chlorophenyl) Methyl N-(2,4-

Dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-Ethanimidothioate

Fine Chemicals 7500

















a DHD 2, 2-Dimethyl-5-Hydroxymethyl-1, 3-Dioxane












a Metaphenoxy 3-Phenoxy Benzaldehyde



benzaldehyde


Pyrazoles 5500


a PFD N-{3-Isobutyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl}-1,3,5-

Trimethyl Pyrazole -4- Carboxylic Amide

b TBFN 4-Chloro-N-[[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl) Phenyl] Methyl]-3-Ethyl-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-5-

Carboxamide

c TLF Tolfenpyrad


e OCTOPUSSY 3-[[[5-(Difluoro methoxy)-1-methyl-3-

(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl] methyl] sulfonyl]-4,5-Dihydro-5,5-Dimethyl isoxazole

f MY-71 3-[1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-Methylethyl]-3,4-Dihydro-6-Methyl-5-Phenyl-2H-1,3-

oxazin-4-one




j ACH 3-(Difluoro Methyl)-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid











a ETMD Methyl cis-1-[2-(2,5-Dimethyl phenyl)-Acetyl amino]-4-Methoxy-Cyclohexane Carboxylate


a HFMOP 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro Isopropyl Methyl

Ether






a CMTB 2-Chloro-4-(Methyl sulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoro ethoxy) methyl] Benzoic Acid





a PCBM 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(morpholin-

4-yl)propan-1-one


a Negolyte Titanium Biscatecholate Monopyrogallate

Sodium Potassium Salt


Total 44240

Sr. No. List of By-products Quantity

(MTPA)

1 27% NaSH 1000

2 30 % HCl 12000


4 H2SO4 300



7 NaBr/MgBr 60000

8 Acetic Acid 1200

9 Orthocresol 300



12 HBr 1000


14 AlCl3 1800

Total 90200

11.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

11.2.1 Baseline Environmental Study

To predict the impact of the project on the surrounding environment, the

current baseline environmental status was studied by collecting the data

and carrying out monitoring during Jan, 2017 to March, 2017 in the

study area of 10 km radius from project site as per the TOR.

11.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out at eight locations,

with a frequency of twice a week, to assess the existing sub-regional air

quality status during the period of Jan, 2017 to March, 2017.

Respirable Dust Sampler & Fine Particular Sampler along with the

analytical methods, prescribed by CPCB was used for carrying out air

quality monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and



NOx were monitored on 24-hourly basis to enable the comparison with

ambient air quality standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control

Board. The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed

for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard

deviation, minimum & maximum concentration and various percentile

values. The observations are summarized below:

Particulate Matter (PM10)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the

locations varied between 60.1-67.4 g/m3 and 65.8-74.5 g/m3 which are

well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 100 g/m3.

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the

locations varied between 28.8-32.9 g/m3 and 30.9-37.8 g/m3 which are

well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 60 g/m3.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 8.7-10.3 g/m3 and 9.6-12.8

g/m3 respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80

g/m3.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly NOx value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 13.2-17.7 g/m3 and 14.8-19.3

g/m3 respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated

by CPCB, i.e. 80 g/m3.

Conclusion:

The quality of ambient air in the study area is compared with AAQM

Standards prescribed by CPCB & found below the prescribed standards.


Four surface water & eight ground water samples were collected during

the study period.

Surface Water Quality

Surface water sample was collected from River Mahi, Village pond of

Valipore, Vedach & Gajera. Results of the same are given in Chapter-3 of

EIA report.



Conclusion:

It was observed that, results of all the Physico-chemical parameters and

heavy metals from surface water samples are below stipulated drinking

water standards IS: 10500-2012 & it is suitable for drinking and other

purposes.

Ground Water Quality

Ground water samples have been collected from Nr. Project site, Valipore,

Sarod, Samoj, Vedach, Dabha, Piludara and Bhodar village.

Color: All the samples were found color less meeting desirable norms.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.1 to

7.8).

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 1232 mg/L

(Vedach) to 1690 mg/L (Sarod). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 2000 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water are not

available).

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 57 mg/L (Dabha) to

112 mg/L (Samoj), all the samples meet the permissible limit of 200

mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water is not available).

Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 36 mg/L

(Samoj) to 61 mg/L (Dabha). All the samples meet the permissible limit

of 100 mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).

Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 53 mg/L (Vedach) to

92 mg/L (Sarod). All the samples meet the permissible limit of 400 mg/L

for drinking water (if alternate source of potable water in not available).

Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.54 mg/L (Sarod)

to 0.89 mg/L (Valipore). All the samples meet the permissible limit (1.5

mg/L).

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 262

mg/L (Vedach) to 342 mg/L (Samoj). All the samples are within the

permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate source of

portable water is not available).

Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 51 mg/L to 63 mg/L),

Sodium (ranges from 346 mg/L to 476 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from

572 mg/L to 813 mg/L).



Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium and zinc are well below the

limit in all samples.

Conclusions:

Ground water samples from villages meet the permissible limit set by the

authority (BIS).

11.2.4 Noise Environment

Noise monitoring has been conducted at eight locations in the study area.

The monitored noise level in the day time Leq (Ld) varies from 52.9 to

61.2 dB(A) and the night time Leq (Ln) varies from 42.2 to 54.5 dB(A)

within the study area. Higher noise value of 61.2 dB(A) was recorded

during day time at Project site & lower noise value of 42.2 dB(A) was

recorded during night time in village Samoj.

11.2.5 Soil Quality

Soil samples were collected from 6 different locations and analyzed to

assess the soil quality prevailing in the study area. Physical

characteristics of soil have been delineated through specific parameters,

viz. particle size distribution, porosity, water holding capacity &

permeability whereas data for chemical characterization of soil, viz. pH,

electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity and sodium absorption

ratio have been analyzed.

11.2.6 Biological Environment

Baseline data for flora & fauna has been collected with its family. It was

found that, none of the species of conservation importance exists in the

study area and no endangered species found in the study area.

11.2.7 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio-economic study includes description of demography, available basic

amenities like housing, health care services, transportation, education

facilities. Information on the above said parameters has been collected to

define the socio-economic profile of the study area (10-km radius).

11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to

proposed project and mitigation measures are given below:



11.3.1 Impact on Air quality & Mitigation measures

The main source of impacts on Air quality will be due to flue gas emission

& process gas emission. Flue gas emission will be from Boiler, Thermic

Fluid Heater and stand by D.G. Set (6 nos.) of 4000 kVA. FO/NG will be

used as fuel in boiler & TFH. HSD will be used as fuel in D G Set. Process

gas emission will be from reaction vessels of MPP plant.

Prediction of impacts on air environment is quantified using ISCST3

model. Maximum Ground level concentrations of 24-hr average for PM,

SO2 and NOx from the proposed activity are 3.937 g/m3, 2.336 g/m3

and 1.070 g/m3 respectively. These GLCs are expected to occur at a

distance of 1.0 km from the source in W direction. Whereas highest 24-

hourly average GLCs value for process pollutants like HCl, Cl2, NH3 and

dust of pesticides from the proposed activity are 0.128 g/m3, 0.043

g/m3, 0.213 g/m3, 0.009 g/m3 respectively at a distance of 1.41 km

from the source in NE direction. The obtained GLCs are well within the

24-hourly ambient air quality standards stipulated by CPCB.

To mitigate the impact due to the project, unit will install Alkali scrubber

as APCM for process gas stacks. Adequate stack height will also be

provided for proper atmosphere dispersion of pollutants as per the

norms.

11.3.2 Impact on Water Environment & Mitigation measures

The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement from SEZ Authority. Total




Total w/w generation will be tune around 734 KLD; out of which 60 KLD

goes to incinerator, 40 KLD system loss & salt generation and 134 KLD

treated water recycle and resulted 500 KLD waste water generation goes

to ETP of adjacent sister concern unit of PI Industries (Unit-I) and finally

discharged to SEZ sump for final disposal.

11.3.3 Impact on Noise quality & Mitigation measures

The noise will generate due to boiler, compressors, D.G. set and other

machineries. The impact is found to be insignificant outside the premises.

To decrease the noise pollution impact, unit will provide necessary PPEs



like earplugs or earmuffs to all workers where exposure is 85 dB(A) or

more and selection of any equipment will be made with specification of

low noise levels.

11.3.4 Impact on land & Mitigation measures

The solid/hazardous wastes generated from the unit may have significant

negative impacts if disposed unsystematically. Hence, appropriate

measures for storage and disposal of solid/hazardous wastes will be

adopted as per the regulatory guidelines.

11.3.5 Impact on Socio Economy & Mitigation measures

Project will require about 700 nos. of persons for its operation, which

result into a positive impact on prevailing socio-economic environment.

Project will also have potential of indirect employment due to the increase

transportation activities, contractual works as well as opportunity of

trade. Thus, overall impacts on socio-economic environment are long

term and positive in nature.

11.3.6 Impact on Ecology

There are no protected areas like National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary within

the 10 km radial periphery of the project site so there will not be any

significant impact on ecology.

11.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

The unit will have a dedicated Environment Management Cell to monitor

and evaluate the environmental performance and to supervise the EMS.

Budgetary provision for environment & safety management system has

been made in the project planning with Rs. 26.0 crore of capital cost and

Rs. 6.85 crore recurring cost per annum. Below Post-project monitoring

programme will be followed.

Environment Monitoring Program

Nature of Analysis

Frequency of analysis with its analyzer

Parameters

Wastewater

analysis

Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &

Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of each stack

Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl, Cl2, NH3, HBr, HC

Ambient Air

Quality Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as

per the statutory conditions by external agency




Noise level Monthly as per the statutory

conditions by external

agency

Nr. Main gate, Nr.

Boiler, Nr. D. G. Set,

Process area etc.

Work zone fugitive monitoring

Monthly by external agency VOCs, RPM, Acid Mist

Health check-up of

workers

As per the statutory

guideline

All workers

11.5 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

11.5.1 Risk Assessment

Risk analysis and study have been carried out for identification of

accident hazards, selection of credible scenarios, Risk Mitigation

measures etc. All the hazardous chemicals will be stored and handled as

per MSDS guidelines. The detail study is prescribed in Chapter-7.

11.6 PROJECT BENEFITS

Project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-skilled & unskilled

employees, directly and indirectly. It will help the Government by paying

different taxes (sales tax, excise duty, etc.) from time to time, which is a

part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area. The company

has allocated a budget of Rs. 9.825 crore for CSR activities, which can

lead to improve social infrastructure.

11.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Management plan of impacts identified is detailed below:

Air Pollution Management

Flue gas emission will be from the stack attached to boiler, Thermic Fluid

Heater and stand by D.G. set. FO/NG will be used as fuel in boiler and

Thermic Fluid Heater; As FO/NG is used as fuel there is no requirement of

APCM. Alkali scrubber will be installed as an APCM for stack attached to

reactors of multi product plant.

Appropriate stack height and SMF will also be provided as per the

guideline. To control the fugitive emissions, unit will adopt following

mitigation measures.

• Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other equipment will be

done to prevent leakages.

• Mechanical seals will be provided to agitators of reactors.



• Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive

emission.

Water Pollution Management

• Effluent will be treated in ETP & incinerator of adjacent sister concern

plant of PI, Unit-I.

• Sewage will be treated in ETP along with industrial effluent.

• Unit will maintain the records for the total water consumption.

• Rain water harvesting system would be implemented to recharge

ground water.

Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per

(Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. MEE salt will be

disposed at approved TSDF site. Spent resin will be disposed off at

approved TSDF site/co-processing. Used oil will be sold to registered re-

refiners. Process waste and Residues after distillation, fractionation,

condensation recovery etc./Solvent distillation residue and date expired

off specific products will be incinerated or sent to Common Incineration

facility or co-processing. Spent carbon will be sold to authorized

recyclers/ re-processors. Whereas discarded drums/containers and liners

will be disposed off by selling to authorized scrap dealer or end user.

Spent/crude solvent will be incinerated at PI, Unit-I or CHWIF or send for

co-processing. Recyclable solvent will be either distilled in-house or sent

to GPCB approved distillation facility. Spent catalyst will be incinerated at

PI, Unit-I or sent to Common Incineration facility or co-processing or will

be sold to authorized recyclers/re-processors, spent acid will be sold to

authorized recyclers/re-processors/users. The unit will provide isolated

area with impervious flooring for the storage of hazardous waste. Thus,

there will not be any major impact on the environment due to hazardous

waste management.

Noise Pollution control measures

• Extensive oiling, lubrication and regular maintenance will be carried

out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.

• PPEs will be provided to the workers working in high noise area.

• Noise control equipments are provided for D.G. set.



• Greenbelt will be developed within industrial premises to prevent the

noise pollution.

• Periodic monitoring of noise levels will be done.

Green Belt Development

The unit proposes to develop greenbelt in area of 28810 m2 and it will be

33% of the total area.

11.8 CONCLUSION

Based on the study it is concluded that –

• There will be no major impact on water environment as effluent will be

treated in ETP & Incinerator of adjacent plant of PI, Unit-I. After

achieving prescribed norms; it will discharged to SEZ sump.

• There will no need of APCM for flue gas stack as natural gas/ furnace

oil is used as fuel.

• Alkali scrubber will be provided to control process emission from stack.

• To prevent fugitive emission regular sprinkling of water will be done

during construction phase.

• Adequate arrangement for handling and disposal of Hazardous solid

waste will be made as per regulatory norms.

• Fire protection and safety measures will be provided to take care of

fire hazard.

• Direct and indirect employment opportunities will have positive

impact.



Chapter-12

Disclosure of Consultant engaged

12.1 PREFACE

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (SEPL) has been appointed by PI Industries Ltd.

(Unit-II) to carry out this Environmental Impact Assessment Study as per

the EIA Notification, 2006 as amended till date. SEPL is accredited as

Category-A organization under the QCI-NABET Scheme for

accreditation of EIA consultant Organizations: Version 3 for preparing

EIA-EMP reports in 10 sectors (Certificate No.

NABET/EIA/1619/RA0084; Valid till 23.12.2019).

12.2 DETAILS OF EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. has started its work in 1990 to serve the

environment as a trustee of next generation with a small infrastructure

under the dynamic leadership of Dr. Mahendra Sadaria. SEPL has wide

spectrum of national and multinational clients covering the industries -

Bulk Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Dyes and Dye Intermediates, Pesticides,

Fertilizers, Chemicals, Cement, Mining, and Infrastructure. During last

two decades, SEPL has been taking care of client’s unique problems and

concerns in order to develop cost effective strategies to meet their

regulatory obligations. SEPL focuses on strategic planning and

comprehensive solutions to address both short and long term needs of

the clients.

SEPL has in-house multi-disciplinary analytical testing laboratory that is

MoEFCC approved under EP Act. SEPL is also a recognized schedule-II

Environmental Auditor appointed by Gujarat Pollution Control Board as

per the directives of the Honorable High Court of Gujarat. SEPL is also an

ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2008 and OHSAS 18001 certified company. SEPL

team consists of qualified & experienced personnel. Experts involved in

the preparation of this EIA/EMP report are given in EIA report as

‘declaration by experts’.

Declaration by experts contributing to the EIA of P I Industries Ltd.

(Un it-11)

I, hereby, cert i fy t h a t I was a pa r t of the EIA t e a m in t h e fol lowing capaci ty

t h a t developedthe above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Signature & Date:

Period of involvement January, 2017

Contact Information: 079-26583077

Functional Area Experts

Functional Areas

Air Pollution Monitoring & Control (AP)

Air Quality Modeling and Prediction (AQ)

Water Pollution (WP>

Ecology and Bio- diversity Conservation (EB)

Solid and Hazardous .Waste Management (SHW)

Socio Economy (SE)

Name of the Expert

Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Dr. Khyati Thacker


Dr. Khyati Thacker


Dr. Sheetal Tamakuwala

Involvement (Period and Task)

Planning of meteorological AAQM baseline manitoring, site visit/ survey, select monitoring locations, data verification & approval, interpretation of baseline condition of air environment. Evaluation of results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM). Contribution in EI A documentation. Meteorology file generation, Air quality model (ISCST-3) run using meteorology data, identifying source & receptor. Prediction of GLC & plotting isopleths. Study of GLCs obtained & calculating cumulative concentration of pollutants in AAQ due to the project. Contribution in EIA documentation. Site visit, selectiori of sampling locations, review & interpret baseline water quality, water balance calculation for the project, prediction of impacts & proposed mitigation measures, contribution in EIA documentation. Site visit/survey for ecology study, review of Greenbelt development requirement of the project-suggestion for species, type of plantation and contribution in EIA documentation. Identified source of generation of Hazardous waste & disposal methods, studying adequacy of mitigation measures for management of hazardous waste. Contribution in EIA documentation. Site visit, data collection, evaluation of Socio-Economic status of the study area, assessment of the possible chances to socio-economic issues

Signature & date

TM: Shobhana

Functional Name of the - Areas 1 Expert

contribution in EIA documentation.

Involvement Signature & (Period and Task) date

arising out of the proposed activity &

1 Sadaria Land Use (LU)

Hydrogeology (HG &Geo)

Risk and Hazards (RH)

Dr. R D Shah

TlY: Satish Borad

Hardik Patel

Prabhat Kumar

Srivastava

Site visit, development of land use map of study area, prepare land use classification and determine LULC of the area, prediction of impact on land use pattern, Suggest mitigation measures, contribution in EIA report.

s i t e visit, understanding and representing ground water conditions, identification of impacts, suggestion o f mitigation measures and contribution of EIA documentation. Determine ,worst & most credible accident scenarios, Identification o f modeling scenarios, consequence modeling, finalization o f RA,

Ajay Dwivedi

TM: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Site visit, selection of sampling locations, review baseline noise levels, source & i ts compliance with permissible limits, contribution in EIA documentation.

contribution in EIA documentation.

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Oraanization/authorized person I, Dr. Mahendra Sadaria, hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts

prepared the EIA of P I Indus t r i es Ltd. (Unit-11), Plot No. SPM-2912, Sterling

SEZ & Inf rast ruct~~re Ltd., Village: Sorod, Tehsil: Jambusar, Dist: Bharuch,

State: Gujarat. I also confirm that, the consultant organization shall be fully

acco~~ntable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Designation : Director, Technical

Name of t h e EIA Consultant organization San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.

NABET Certificate No. and date NABET/EIA/1619/RA0084, Valid t i l l 23.12.2019

Annexure-I

NABET/QCI Certificate

A-1

Annexure-II Manufacturing process, chemical reaction & mass

balance of all products

PI Industries Ltd., Unit-II A-2

Annexure-II

Manufacturing Process, Chemical Reaction & Mass Balance of all Products

Insecticides and Intermediates

1. Bis (1,2,3-trithiacyclohexyl dimethyl ammonium) oxalate

Manufacturing Process:

Step-1 Thiosultape or Monosultape treated with Na2S5H2O and NaOH forms

TCB

Step-2 TCB along with oxalic acid hydrate forms Thiocyclam Oxalate (THM)

Chemical Reaction:

N

CH3

CH3

S

S

S

O

O OH

S

O

O

O Na

.H2O + Na2S.5H + NaOH N

CH3

CH3

S

S

S +2 Na2SO3.7

N

CH3

CH3

S

S

S

Thiosultap/Monosultap M.W.: 351.4

TCBM.W.:181.4

+

TCBM.W.:181.4

O

OHO

OH

.2H

Oxalic Acid HydrateM.W.:126.0

N

CH3

CH3

S

S

S .

O

OHO

OH

+2H2O

Thiocycalm OxalateM.W.: 271.40

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Monosultap 737 196 Effluent to ETP

Water 290

NaOH 80

Na2S 177

Hydrogen Peroxide 32

Oxalic acid Dihydrate 233 78 Residue to Incinerator

275 Effluent to MEE

1000 THM

Total 1549 1549

Formation of Step-1

Mass Balance of THM

Formation of THM


2. 3-Iodo-N2-(2-methyl-1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-N1-(2-methyl-

4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)phthalamide


Step-1 SAA and PDC react together along with Toluene, NaOH and NaHCO3

and forms ISM. O-Toludine and RFBr are agitated with Na2S2O4, NaHCO3 p-

PTSA and TBAB to form RFA. Side by side SOD and DIH reacts in presence of

Pd (AcO)2 and DMAC forms ISO.

Step-2 ISO is oxidized with H2O2 along with HCOOH and H2SO4 forms FLUB

and a wash with NaOH gives final Product FLUB.

Chemical Reaction:

ISM synthesis

CH3

CH3

NH2

SCH3

+

COCl

COCl

O

O

N

CH3

CH3

S

CH3

SAA PDCISM

1NaOH +

1NaHCO3

+Toluene

2NaCl + 2H2O + CO2

RFA Synthesis

NH2

CH3

F3C CF3

Br

F

NH2

CH3

F3C CF3F

Na2S2O4 + NaHCO3

2NaOH + NaBr + 2SO2 + H2O + CO2

o - Touledine RFBr

RFA

+TBME

SOD intermediate synthesis

O

O

N

CH3

CH3

S

CH3+

CF3F

CF3

NH2

CH3

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

ISMRFA

SOD intermediate

Toluene/DMAC


SOD Synthesis

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

SOD intermediate

+ H2O2

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

O

+ H2O

SOD

ISO synthesis

+

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

O

CH3

F

F3CCF3

SOD

N

N

I

I

O

O

CH3

CH3

DIH

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

O

CH3

F

F3C

CF 3

I

ISO

DMAC

22 +

NH

NHO

O

CH3

CH3

FLUB Synthesis

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

O

CH3

F

F3CCF 3

I

ISO

+ H2O

2

Hydrogen peroxide

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF 3

I

S

O

O

CH3

FLUB

HCOOH

H2SO4 +H2O

2NaOH

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF 3

I

S

O

O

CH3

+ 3H2O + CO 2 + Na 2SO4 + H 2

FLUB


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Water 754 253 Effluent to incinerator

NaOH 65 1159 ISM

TBME 839 695 Effluent to MEE

RFBr 413 832 Toluene recycled

O-Toluidine 195 1398 Effluent to ETP

Sodium bicarbonate 86272

N,N-Dimethyl acetamide

recycled

Na2S2O4 43822

Rec. Tert butyl methyl

etherRFA 659 659 RFA

ISM 1159 72 DMAC recovered

N,N-Dimethyl acetamide 283

Toluene 1316

H2O2 206

DIH 209

DMAC 75

SAA 184

Phthaloyl dichloride (PDC) 297

98% Formic acid 56 108 Effluent to ETP

Conc. H2SO4 41 302 Residue to Incinerator

Hydrogen Peroxide 132 1000 Flub

DM Water 504

Caustic soln 58

Total 7572 7572

Formation of Flub

Manufacturing process of Flub

Step-1


3. N2-(2-Methyl-1-(Methylsulfinyl)propan-2-yl)-N1-(2-methyl-4

(perfluoropropan-2-yl) phenyl) phthalamide


Step-1 SAA and PDC react together along with Toluene NaOH and NaHCO3

forms ISM.

Step-2 ISM further treated with RFA and forms SOD-Intermediate.

Step-3 Oxidation of SOD Intermediate with H2O2 forms SOD.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CH3

CH3

NH2

SCH3

+

COCl

COCl

O

O

N

CH3

CH3

S

CH3

SAA PDCISM

1NaOH +

1NaHCO3

+Toluene

2NaCl + 2H2O + CO2

Step II

NH2

CH3

F3C CF3

Br

F

NH2

CH3

F3C CF3F

Na2S2O4 + NaHCO3

2NaOH + NaBr + 2SO2 + H2O + CO2

o - Touledine RFBr

RFA

+TBME

Step III

O

O

N

CH3

CH3

S

CH3+

CF3F

CF3

NH2

CH3

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

ISMRFA

SOD intermediate

Toluene/DMAC

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

SOD intermediate

+ H2O2

O

O

NH

NH

CH3CH3

S

CH3

CH3

F

F3CCF3

O

+ H2O

SOD


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Water 141 9 Effluent to incinerator

NaHCO3 22 1229 ISM

NaOH 68

Toluene 496

SAA 195

Phthaloyl dichloride (PDC) 316

Stage-II

TBME 890 872Rec. Tert butyl methyl

ether

RFBr 437 313 Effluent to ETP

O-Toluidine 311 257 Residue to Incinerator

Sodium bicarbonate 68 699 RFA to next step

Na2S2O4 39

DM Water 613

RFA (Stage-II) 699 792 Effluent to MEE

ISM (Stage-I) 1229 882 Toluene recycled

N,N-Dimethyl acetamide 300 243 Effluent to ETP

Toluene 540 288N,N-Dimethyl acetamide

recycled

H2O2 219 1000 SOD

Total 6584 6584

Mass Balance of SOD

Formation of ISM

Formation of RFA

Formation of SOD


4. 2-Methyl 1-Methylthio-2-Propanamine


Step-1 The AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) solution reacted with ~ 50%

sulfuric acid to form intermediate (2-amino-2-methylpropyl hydrogen sulfate).

Step-2 Intermediate is reacted with sodium methyl mercaptide solution in

presence of caustic solution to form MMTPA. The reaction mass is

subsequently worked-up to get crude MMTPA. Thereafter, crude MMTPA is

fractionated to obtain final MMTPA.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CH3

NH2

CH3OH

H2SO4 H2O

CH3

H3N+

CH3OSO3 -

2-amino-2-methyl-1

-propanol

2-amino-2-methylpropyl

hydrogen sulfate (Ester)

++

Sulfuric acid

Step II

CH3

H3N+

CH3OSO3 -

2-amino-2-methylpropyl

hydrogen sulfate (Ester)

CH3SNa NaOH

CH3

H2N

CH3SCH3

2-methyl-1-methylthio

-2-propanamine

(MMTPA)

+ + Na2SO4 + H2O

Sodium methyl

mercaptide

+

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2-amino-2-methyl-1-

propanol748

Sulfuric Acid 330 151 Effluent to ETP

Sodium Methyl

Mercaptide588 1120 Effluent to MEE

Caustic Soda 34 225 Salt to Incinerator

Water 797 1000 MMTPA

Total 2496 2496

Formation Step 1

Mass Balance of 2-Methyl 1-Methylthio-2-Propanamine/MMTPA/SAA

Formation of 2-methyl 1-

methylthio-2-

propanamine/MMTPA/S

AA


5. 3-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine


Step-1 Chlorine gas along with AMP and hydrochloric acid gives CAMP

Step-2 CAMP is further reacted with NaNO2 with charging of HCl produce DCP

Step-3 DCP is further reacted with Hydrazine mono hydrate to form final

product 3-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine (CHDP)

Chemical Reaction: Step I

N

NH2

N

NH2

Cl

3-Aminopyridine

(AMP)

2-Chloro-3-Aminopyridine

(CAMP)

Cl Cl+

Chlorine gas

+ ClH HCl

Step II

N

NH2

Cl N

Cl

Cl

2-Chloro-3-Aminopyridine

(CAMP)

2,3-Dichloropyridine

(DCP)

+ NaCl +N2(g)++ NaNO2 + 2 2 H2

Step III

N

Cl

Cl

2,3-dichloropyridine

+ NH2.NH2 H2O

N

Cl

NHNH2

3-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine(DCP)

(CHDP)

+ H2O+ HCl

Hydrazine mono hydrate

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

HCl 33 187 Effluent to Incinerator

3-Amino Pyridine 431 251 Effluent to MEE

Chlorine 390

DM Water 453

HCl 12 686 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Nitrate 231 118 Residue to incinerator

DM Water 348

Copper Chloride 32

Hydrazine hydrate 524 312 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 178 78 LOD to incinerator

1000 CHDP

Total 2633 2633

Formation of

Step 1

Formation of

Step 2

Mass Balance of CHDP

Formation of

Step 3


6. 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile


Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate and Cyanoacetamide along with KOH and MeOH

forms 2,4-dioxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile. 2,4-dioxo-6-

(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile is further treated with POCl3 and Chlorine

is added with benzene ring. Hydrogen gas is allowed to pass in the reaction vessel in

presence of sodium acetate which removes the chlorine from benzene ring and in the

end sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is added to form final product TFNA.

Chemical Reaction:

O

OO

F

FF

+ N NH2

O

C C

KOH

MeOH

NH

F

FF

N

OH

O

C

+ + H2OCH3CH2OK

NH

F

FF

N

OH

O

C

N

F

FF

N

Cl

Cl

POCl

C

+ H3PO4 + HCl

H2O

N

F

FF

N

Cl

Cl

C

NaOAc

N

F

FF

N

C

+ CH3COOH + NaCl2 2H2

N

F

FF

N

C

NaOH

HCl

N

F

FF

OH O

C

+ NH3 + NaCl

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

KOH 81 1078 Effluent to ETP

2-Cyanoacetamide 332 696 Effluent to MEE

Water 1016 156 Residue to Incinerator

POCl3 566 1000 TFNA

Sodium acetate 432

Sodium Hydroxide 46

HCl 16

ethyl 3-oxo

trifluoroacetoacetate291

methanol 150

Total 2930 2930

Formation of TFNA

Manufacturing process of TFNA


7. 5-Benzyl-1-Methyl, 2-Nitro 2 imino-tetrahydro 1, 3, 5-trizan


1-Phenylmethanamine, Methylnitroguanidine & Formaldehyde are charged in

the reaction mixture to form BNHT.

Chemical Reaction:

N

NH2

NH CH3O2N

+

NH2

+ O CH2

N

NH

NH

N

NO2

Methylnitroguanidine 1-phenylmethanamine Formaldehyde BNHT

+ H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Water 873 1289 Effluent to ETP

1-Phenylmethanamine 446 1000 BNHT

Methylnitro Guanidine 446

Formaldehyde 524

Total 2289 2289

Formation of

BNHT

Mass Balance of BNHT


8. 3-Aminomethyl tetrahydrofuran


2-butene 1,4-diol& 4-hydroxy 2-(hydroxyl methyl)butanal is added and

agitated with H2SO4 and toluene, forming tetrahydrofuran -3-carbaldehyde

mass. Ammonia is gradually added to agitator forming final product 3-

Aminomethyl tetrahydrofuran.

Chemical Reaction:

O

NH2

Raney Ni, Aq. NH 3

OH

OH

CHO

4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butanal

H2SO4

Toluene O

CHO

tetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde

+ H2O

AETF

OH

OH2-butene-1,4-diol

CO

H2

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2-butene-1,4-diol 855

Carbon monoxide 12

Hydrogen 14

Sulfuric acid 15 144 Effluent to MEE

Toluene 735 713 Toluene recovered

70 Residue to Incineration

Raney Nickel 1 674 Effluent to ETP

Ammonia 292 551 Ethyl Acetate Recovered

Water 651 47 Residue to Incineration

Ethyl Acetate 623 1000 AETF

Total 3198 3198

Mass Balance of AETF

Formation of

Step 1

Formation of

Step 2

Formation of

AETF


9. 3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-

thiadiazol-2-one


Step-1 Reaction of Phosphorous-pentasulfide with Methanol along with

toluene and catalyst forms DMTP

Step-2 Chloromethylation of M-Thiazone with paraformaldehyde and HCl gas

along with EDC froms CMMT

Step-3 Reaction of CMMT and DMTP with conc. H2SO4 form final product

MTN.

Chemical Reaction

Step I

Step II

Step III

S

N N

OH3CO

Cl

CMMT

S

N NH

OH3CO

M-Thiazone

+ (CH2O)

n + HCl (gas)

Paraformaldehyde

EDC

+ H2O

P4S10 + 8 CH3OH

Toluene

TBAB catalystP

SOCH3

OCH3

SH + 2 H2S

DMTP

4

Phosphorouspentasulphide

S

N N

OH3CO

Cl

+ P

SOCH3

OCH3

SH

Con. H2SO

4

P

S OCH3

OCH3S

S

N N

OH3CO

+ HCl

CMMT / EDC DMTP MTN


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Toluene 436 34 Effluent To MEE

P2S5 509 425 Rec Toluene

Methanol 293 742 DMTP

TBAB 5 42 NaSH by-product

Stage-II

Dry HCl gas 171 33 Effluent to MEE

EDC 1146 1723 CMMT solution in EDC

M-Thiazone 353

Paraformaldehyde 86

CMMT solution in

EDC (Stage-I)

1723 592 Effluent to ETP

DMTP (Stage-I) 742 1236 EDC Distillate recycled

98% H2SO4 37 86 Residue to incineration

Water 287 1000 MTN

EDC 125

Total 5913 5913

Formation of

DMTP

Formation of

CMMT

Formation of

MTN

Mass Balance of MTN


10. (RS)-(O-2,4-dichlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorodithioate)


Step-1 n-Propyl Mercaptane Phosphorus trichloride and sulful reacts together

with MEP to forms Propyl phosphorodichloridodithioate.

Step-2 In second step K-500 and ethanol reacted with methlethyl pyridine

along with toluene to form k-550.

Step-3 K-550 treated with 2, 4-DCP and NaOH to form PTF.

Chemical reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

CH3

SH

+ +

CH3

SP

Cl

Cl S

n-Propyl mercaptane Phosphorous trichloride

MEP

PCl 3S

HCl

Sulphur

+Propyl

phosphorodichloridodithioate

K-500

P

Cl

ClS

SCH3 + CH3OH P

Cl

OS

SCH3 CH3 +

K-550Ethanol

+N

CH3

CH3

Methylethyl pyridine

Toluene

N

CH3

CH3HCl

methylethyl pyridine.HCl

P

OO

SS

CH3

CH3

Cl

Cl

MW 345.24

PTF

P

Cl

OS

SCH3

CH3

K-550

+

2,4-DCP

OH

Cl Cl

MW 163

+ NaCl+ NaOH

+ H2O


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Sulphur 76 36Residue To

incineration

PCl3 380

n-Propyl Mercaptane 150

Toluene 402 107 Effluent to ETP

Methyl Ethyl Pyridine 535 374 Toluene Recycled

Ethanol 108

2,4 Dichlorophenol 278 981 Effluent to MEE

NaOH 15 1000 Final PTF

DM water 555

Total 2498 2498

Mass Balance of PTF

Preparation of

K-550

Preparation of

PTF

Preperation of

K-500


POCH3S

OCH3SH+ + H2S

O,O-dimethyl hydrogen dithiophosphate

CatalystCH3OH P2S5

POCH3S

OCH3SH + Na OHP

OCH3S

OCH3S

Na

+ OH2

O,O-dimethyl hydrogen dithiophosphate sodium salt O,O-dimethyl hydrogen dithiophosphate

11. Phosmet


Step-1Phosfuruspenta sulfide and methanol forms Intermediate

Step-2Intermediate further treated with NaOH forms O,O-diethyl hydrogen

dithiophosphatesodium salt.

Step-31Hisoindole-1,3-(2H)dione and HCHO forms HMP.

Step-4HMP with Thionyl chloride forms mass of CMP treated with O,O-diethyl

hydrogen dithiophosphate sodium salt form PNTalong with NaCl.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

NH

O

O

+ CH2O (Aq.) N

O

O

OH

1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3

(2H)-dione

formaldehyde

(Phthalimide (S)) (HMP)

Step IV

N

O

O

OH+ SOCl2 N

O

O

Cl

+ SO2 + HCl

2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

2-(chloromethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

Thionyl chloride

Sulfur dioxide

(HMP) (CMP)


Step V

N

O

O

Cl

+S

P

SO

O

CH3

CH3

Na N

O

O

S P

S

O

O CH3

CH3

S-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate

+ NaCl

2-(chloromethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

Na-DMTA

(CMP) (PMT)

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

23.5 % NaOH sol. 380 492 27% NaSH-by product

328 H2S Gas

Methanol 295 10 Filter Solid to incinerator

Phosphorous

pentasulfide536 36 Pre Cut recycle

Catalyst 2 88 Residue to incinerator

Caustic 31 618 Na-DMTA

Stage-II


Phthalimide 370 708 HMP

37% formalin 310

Na-DMTA (Stage-I) 618 361 SO2+HCl Scrubber spent

HMP (Stage-II) 708 957 Effluent to ETP

Thionyl Chloride 627 1000 PMT

Water 308

NaOH 56

Total 4596 4596

To caustic scrubber

Formation of Na-DMTA

Mass Balance of PMT (Phosmet)

Formation of HMP

Formation of CMPand

PMT, Crystallisation,

Filtration and drying


12. 3-Methyl Antranilic Acid


Step-12-Nitro 1,3-diMethyl Benzene and Acetaldehyde react with each other

in presence of oxygen and Acetic Acid forms 2-Nitro 3-Methyl Benzoic Acid.

Step-22-Nitro 3-Methyl Benzoic Acidalong with Hydrogen gas reacts with

methanol. Agitation of the reaction mass provides the final product 3-Methyl

antranilic acid.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Acetic Acid 1981 1942 Acetic acid recovered

2-Nitro-1,3-

dimethylbenzene757 910 Effluent to MEE

Acetaldehyde 289

DM Water 532

Oxygen 509

Methanol 1815 7 H2 to atmosphere

Hydrogen Gas 25 513 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 234 1770 Methanol recycled

1000 Q4039

Total 6142 6142

Formation of

Step 1

Mass Balance of Q4039

Formation of

Q4039

NO2

CH3 CH3

NO2

CH3 COOH

Acetic acidCH3

O

HCH3

O

OH++

2-Nitro-1,3-dimethyl benzene Acetaldehyde2-Nitro-3-methyl

benzoic acid

+ H2O

+ 2O2

Oxygen Acetic acid

NO2

CH3 COOH

2-Nitro-3-methyl benzoic acid

+ 3H2

Methanol

NH2

CH3 COOH

+ 2H2O

3-Methyl anthranilic acid


13. 3-Methyl-2-Nitrobenzoic acid


2-Nitro 1,3-dimethyl benzene along with acetaldehyde reacts with each other

in addition to Co(CH3CO2)2 and Acetic Acid, in presence of air forms 3-Methyl-

2-Nitrobenzoic acid.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Acetic Acid 357 547 Effluent to ETP

2-Nitro-1,3-

dimethylbenzene840 343

Acetic Acid

recovered

Acetaldehyde 264 156 LOD to incinerator

DM Water 585 1000 YB449

Total 2046 2046

Mass Balance of YB449

Formation

of Step 1

NO2

CH3 CH3

NO2

CH3 COOHCo(CH3CO2)2

Acetic acidCH3

O

HCH3

O

OH+ +

MW 151.16 MW 44.05 MW 181.14MW 60.05

2-Nitro-1,3-dimethyl benzene Acetaldehyde

110°C

700-900 psgi

+ H2O

Air

MF C8H

9NO

2MF C

2H

4O MF C

8H

7NO

4MF C

2H

4O

2

+ 2O2

Acetic acidYB449


14. 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide


Step-1 2-Nitro 1, 3-diMethyl Benzene and Acetaldehyde react with each other

in presence of oxygen and Acetic Acid forms 2-Nitro 3-Methyl Benzoic Acid.

Step-2 Along with Hydrogen gas 2-Nitro 3-Methyl Benzoic Acid. Will reacts

with Methanol and agitation provides final product 3-Methyl antranilic acid.

Step-3 Ethyl Chloro Formate along with toluene, NaOH and K2CO3 is agitated

with 3-Methyl antranilic acid further to form Compound-C Na Salt. In this

mass, hydrochloric acid is passed which removes the Sodium and forms

Compound-C.

Step-4 Compound C is further treated with aq. HCl or H2O2 as oxidizing

reagent and Acetic Acid forms compound-D.

Step-5 Reaction of Compound-D with Methane sulphonic acid and Toluene

reflux forms Compound E.

Step-6 Compound E and Methylamine reacts together along with acetic acid

or ethyl acetate to form intermediate which further converts to final product

DPX.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

NO2

CH3 CH3

NO2

CH3 COOH

Acetic acidCH3

O

HCH3

O

OH++

2-Nitro-1,3-dimethyl benzene Acetaldehyde2-Nitro-3-methyl

benzoic acid

+ H2O

+ 2O2

Oxygen Acetic acid

NO2

CH3 COOH

2-Nitro-3-methyl benzoic acid

+ 3H2

Methanol

NH2

CH3 COOH

+ 2H2O

3-Methyl anthranilic acid


Step III

Step IV

Step V

Step VI

+

Ethylchloroformate

MW 108.52

NH2

COOH

CH3

DPX-Q4039

MW 151.16

Cl

O

O CH3NaOH

NH2

COONa

CH3

DPX-Q403Na-Salt

+

NHCOOC 2H5

COONa

CH3

+ NaCl

MW 58.5

Toluene

Water

Aq. NaOH

Aq. K2CO3

HCl

NHCOOC 2H5

COOH

CH3

Compound-C Na-Salt

Compound-C

MW 223.22

+ NaCl

MW 58.5

NHCOOC 2H5

COOH

CH3

Cl

Compound-D

MW 257.67

NHCOOC 2H5

COOH

CH3

Compound-C

MW 223.22

aq. HCl / H2O2

+ 2 H2O

Acetic acid

Yield 90%

Compound-E

MW 211.60

NHCOOC 2H5

COOH

CH3

Cl

Compound-D

MW 257.67

CH3

ClO

NH

O

O

+Toluene

C2H

5OH

Methane sulphonic acid

MW 46

Reflux

+

Methylamine

MW 31.05 MW 242.65

CH3

ClNH

NH

O

CH3

O

OH

Compound-E

MW 211.60

CH3

ClO

NH

O

O

CH3 NH2

Ethylacetate / Acetic acid

Yield 95%

CH3

ClNH

NH2

O

CH3

+ CO2

DPX-G2S78 or Compound-FMW 198.64

Intermediate

55-60oC


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Acetic Acid 1731 799 Effluentto MEE

Oxygen 36 1829 Effluent to ETP

Methanol 1097 2514 Toluene recovered

H2 Gas 41 407 Effluent to Incinerator

Conc. HCl 16 1662 Acetic acid recovery

Hydrogen Peroxide 571064 Methanol recycle

Na2SO3 8

Water 2057

Toluene 2628

Methane sulpfonic

acid)

20

Aq. NaOH 263

Aq. K2CO3 100

Ethyl chloroformate 80

HCL 55

2-Nitro-1,3-

dimethylbenzene

1004

Acetaldehyde 352

Ethyl acetate 965 927 Ethyl acetate recycle

Acetic acid 480 456 Acetic acid recovered

Methylamine 228 250 LOD to incinerator

DM Water 254 8 CO2 gas

555 Effluent to ETP

1000 DPX

Total 11471 11471

Formation of DPX

Manufacturing process of DPX

Formation of Step 1


15. 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid


Step-1 3-Chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine and diethyl maleate is mixed in agitator

to form intermediateEthyl-(3-choropyridine-2-yl)-5ox-o-pyrazolidine-3-

carboxylate

Step-2 ACN and Potassium oxy bromine are added to this intermediate to

form Ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine–2-yl)-4,5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-

carboxylate.

Step-3 Further H2SO4 is added with CH3CN to Ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-

chloropyridine – 2-yl) -4,5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-carboxylate and agitated to

form Ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine – 2-yl) 1-H pyrazole-5- carboxylate.

Step-4 Ethyl group is substituted by Sodium Hydroxide to forms Sodium -3-

bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl) 1-H pyrazole-5-carboxylate. Hydrochloric

acid is gradually added to the solution to remove the Sodium and to form final

product 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl) 1-H pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

(BPCA).

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

NCl

NHNH2

+ CH3 O

O CH3

O

O

N

NNH

O

O

O

CH3

Cl

3-Chloro-2-hydrazino pyridine

FW: 143.574

Diethyl maleate

FW : 172:178

Ethyl-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-carboxylate

FW : 269.689

+ C2H5OH

Step II

N

NNH

O

O

O

CH3

Cl

POBr3

N

NN

Br

O

O

CH3

Cl+ H3PO4

Ethyl-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-carboxylate

FW : 269.689

Ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-4,5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-carboxyate

FW : 332.581

+

ACN

3

3


Step III

N

NN

Br

O

O

CH3

ClN

NN

Br

O

O

CH3

Cl

+

ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-4,5-oxo-pyrazolidine-3-carboxylate

FW : 332.581

ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

FW : 330.565

H2

H2SO4, Potassium Per Sulphate

CH3CN

Step IV

N

NN

Br

O

O

CH3

Cl

NaOH N

NN

Br

ONa

OCl C2H5OH+

ethyl-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

FW : 330.565

Sodium3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

FW : 324.493

+

N

NN

Br

ONa

OCl +

FW : 36.46

HClN

NN

Br

OH

OCl

3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

FW : 302.512 FW : 58.44

+ NaCl

Sodium3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

FW : 324.493


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Water 2929 250 Solid Waste to incinerator

Acetonitrile 3023 2622 Effluent to MEE

phosphorous oxy bromide 760 523 Effluent to ETP

Sulphuric Acid 760 732 Ethanol Recovered

potassium per sulphate 523 18 H2 to scrubber

Sodium Hydroxide 160 2940 Acetonitrile recovery

HCl 355 1525 Effluent to incineration

3 chloro-2-pyridinone

hydrazone460 1000 BPCA

diethyl maleate 640

Total 9610 9610

Manufacturing process of BPCA

Formation of BPCA


16. 3-[2-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl] ethoxy] Quinazoline


Step-14-OHQ is added in solution of Thionyl Chloride in reactor to form 4-CQ

Step-24-CQ and TBPE both chemical are treated in a reaction vessel to form

FNZQ.

Chemical Reaction:

N

N

OH

+ SOCl2

4-OHQ Thionyl Chloride

N

N

Cl

4-CQ

+ SO2 + HCl

Step-I

OH

CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3CH3

N

N

O

N

N

Cl

4-CQ

+

TBPE FNZQ

+ HCl

Step-II

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Caustic Solution 492 564 Scrubber spent to MEE

34 SO2

38 HCl

Thionyl Chloride 1504

4-OHQ 175 1420 Effluent to ETP

Water 954

TBPE 229 143 HCl By-Product

Water 366 593 Effluent to MEE

1000 FNZQ

Total 3720 3720

Mass Balance of FNZQ

Formation of

Step 1

Formation of

Step 1


17. 2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolyl

methyl carbonate


Step-1PTC reacts with chorine and forms CMBC

Step-2CMBC reacts with IPA forms CMBP

Step-3CMBP is treated with HNO3, MDC and Sulfuric Acid to form CMNBP

Step-4CMNBP and TFMP are treated in an agitator with K2CO3 and DMAC to

form NPBP.

Step-5NPBP autoclaved with hydrogen and methanol forms APBP

Step-6APBP treated with 3-Pentanol and Xylene forms PQO

Step-7PQO reacts with NaOH, TBAB, DMC and Toluene to forms FMTQ

Chemical reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

Step IV

Cl O

C H 3 Cl

O

C H 3

Cl +

HCl

PTC CMBC +

Cl 2

Chlorine Hydrochloric acid

FeCl3

O

O

CH3

Cl

CH3

CH3

+ HCl

CMBC

Cl

O

CH3

Cl

CMBP

+

CH3

CH3OH

IPA

O

O

CH3

Cl

CH3

CH3

CMBP CMNBP

O

O

CH3

Cl

CH3

CH3

NO2

+ H2O

MDC

H2SO4HNO3+

O

O

CH3

Cl

NO2

CH3

CH3

CMNBP TFMP

+

NPBP

DMAc

+

OH

F3CO

O

O

CH3 NO2

CH3

CH3

O

F3CO+

K2CO3

+ KClKHCO3


Step V

Step VI

Step VII

APBPNPBP

O

O

CH3 NO2

CH3

CH3

O

F3CO + 3H2

Methanol

In Autoclave O

O

CH3 NH2

CH3

CH3

O

F3CO +2H2O

CH3 CH3

O

O

O

CH3 NH2

CH3

CH3

O

F3CO+

3-Pentanone

AlCl3

O

CH3 NH

O

F3CO

CH3

CH3

APBP

PQO

+CH3

CH3

OH

+

Isopropanol

+ H2O + 3HCl + Al(OH)

3

+ 3H2O

Xylene

DMAC,Toluene

DMAC

Toluene

+

Cl O

O

CH3

O

CH3 N

ONa

CH3

CH3

F3CO

O

CH3 N

H

O

CH3

CH3

F3CO

PQOPQO-Na salt

MCF

O

CH3 N

O

CH3

CH3

F3CO

OCH3

O

+

H2O

NaCl

FMTQ

TBAB+ NaOH


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

PTC (p-Toluyl chloride) 464 826 HCl by-product

Cl2 gas (Chlorine gas) 624 2132 Effluent to MEE

IPA 956 351 Residue to Incinerator

MDC 430 471 Xylene recovered

H2SO4 183 337 Isopropanol recovered

HNO3 107 188 Methanol Recovered


Methanol 191 800 DMAC-recycled

Hydrogen 3 421 MDC-recycled

Xylene 486

AlCl3 68

3-Pantanone 337

Sulfolane 314

DMAC 817

TFMP 581

K2CO3 45

DMAC 1485 395 Effluent to MEE

Methyl chloroformate 243 1433 DMAC-recycled

NaOH 20 241 LOD to incinerator

TBAB 40 225 Toluene recycled

Toluene 237 1000 FMTQ

Water 986

Total 9592 9592

Manufacturing process of FMTQ

Step-1

Formation of FMTQ


18. Dimethyl CyanodithioimidoCarbonate


Carbon Disulfide andCyanimideare mixed with Methyl Chloride to form

Dimethyl cyanodithioimido carbonate (CCITM).

Chemical Reaction:

N

N S

S

CH3

CH3

Mol. Formula = C4H6N2S2

Mol. Wt. = 146.23384

dimethyl cyanodithioimidocarbonate

++SS

Mol. Formula = C S2

Mol. Wt = 76.143

N NH2

Mol. Formula = C H2 N2

Mol.Wt. = 42.040

Cyanamide

CH3

Cl

Carbon disulfide

Mol. Formula = C H3 Cl

Mol. Wt.= 50.487

Methyl chloride

2 + 2HCl

Hydrochloric acid

Mol. Formula = HClMol. Wt. = 36.5

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Aq. Cynamide 129 462 Effluent to Incinerator

Carbondisulphide 448 610 Effluent to ETP

Methylchloride 810 74 HCl by-product

DM Water 759 1000 CCITM

Total 2146 2146

Mass Balance of CCITM

Formation of

CCITM


19. 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine


Step-13-Picoline when reacted with H2O2 and H2SO4 in a reaction vessel

forms 3-Picoline –N-Oxide Solution.

Step–2This 3-Picoline-N-Oxide Solution is further treated with triethyl amine,

benzoyl chloride and MDC to form CMP Isomers.

Step–3Chlorine gas along with CMP and AIBN gives 2-Chloro 5- Chloro

Methyl Pyridine (CCMP)

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

N

CH3

+ H2O2

H2SO4

N

CH3

O-

+ H2O

3 - PicolineHydrogen Peroxide

3 - Picoline - N- Oxide

Step II

+

CMP

N+

CH3

O-

N

CH3

Cl

MDC

3- Picoline-N-Oxide CMP Isomer

N

CH3

Cl

+

ClO

benzoyl chloride

+ N

CH3

CH3

CH3

+

H

N+

CH3

CH3

CH3

O-

O

Triethyl amine

Triethyl amine benzoate

H

N+

CH3

CH3

CH3

O-

O

Triethyl amine benzoate

H O

O

N

CH3

CH3

CH3

+ NaOH + + NaCl

Sodium hydroxide Triethyl amine benzoic acid

Sodium chloride

+ HCl

+ H2O

Water


Step III

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg


Sodium Tungstate 10 97 Salts to incinerator

Sulphuric Acid 93

3-Picoline 927


MDC 739 724 MDC-recycled

Triethyl Amine 989 959 Triethylamine recycled

HCl 13 652 Benzoic acid recycled

Benzoyl Chloride 412 206 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Hydroxide 31 423 Effluent to ETP


Chlorine Gas 407 142 Residue to incinerator

AIBN 34 1000 CCMP

Total 5545 5545

Formation of

Step 1

Formation of

Step 2

Formation of

Step 3

Mass Balance of CCMP

Cl N

CH3

2-Chloro-5-methyl pyridine (CMP)

2-Chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine (CCMP)

Cl

Cl NAIBN

Water

+ Cl Cl

Chlorine gas

+ H Cl

Hydrochloric acid


Herbicides and Intermediates

20. 2,6-dimethylindanone


Step-1Water along with Sodium Propionate, 4-Methyl Benzaldehyde and

Propionic Anhydride is treated in a reactor. With further distillation followed

by agitation gives an intermediate, C-acid.

Step-2C-acid is treated with Sodium Hydroxide; Nickel and Hydrogen gas

along with water gives another intermediate DHC-Acid which is obtained after

distillation and filtration of mass.

Step-3DHC- acid is now agitated with Phosphorous Trichloride and Toluene to

form an intermediate DHC-Acid Chloride, which is obtained by distillation of

the mass.

Step-4DHC-Acid Chloride is now treated further with water and Toluene to

give the final product DMI followed by distillation and cooling.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

+

4-Methyl bezaldehyde

(CH3 CH

2 CO)

2O

Propionic anhydride

CH3CH2COONa

Mol. wt-130.14Mol. wt-120.4 Mol. wt-176.2

CH3

COOH

CH3

+ CH3CH

2COOH+

Sodium propionate

Mol. wt-96.07

+ CH3CH2COONa

CHO

CH3

C - Acid

Step II

CH3

CH3

COOH

CH3

COOH

CH3

(2E)-2-methyl-3-(4-Me-Phenyl) acrylic acid

M.Wt-176.2

2-Methyl-3-(4-Me-Phenyl) Propionic acid

M.Wt-178.22

+ H2

Hydrogen

M.Wt-2.00

Solvent: Toluene

Step III

CH3

COOH

CH3

CH3

CH3

COCl

+

2-Me-3-(4-Me-Phenyl)propionic acid 2-Me-3-(4-Me-Phenyl)propanoyl chloride

Mol-wt-178.22 Mol-wt-196.67

H3PO3 +

+ PCl3

Phosphorous acid

Hydrochloric acid

Mol-wt-36.45Mol-wt-82.00

Phos.trichloride

Mol-wt-137.33

HCl

Solvent: Toluene


Step IV

CH3

COCl

CH3

O

CH3

CH3

DMI

+

2-Me-3-(4-methylphenyl) propanoyl chloride

Mol.wt-196.67 Mol.wt-160.20

Hydrochloric acid

Mol.wt-36.46

HCl

Solvent: Toluene

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Propionic anhydride 1809 2934

Mixture of Sodium

Propionate &

Propionic anhydride-

sodium propionate

recovery

Sodium Propionate 1076 500 Effluent to MEE

Hydrogen 25 1269 Toluene recycled

Caustic lye (30%) 346 61 Residue to Incinerator

DM Water 832 332 HCl by-product


PCl3 300 1864 Rec. Toluene recovery

4-methyl benzaldehyde 1265 1000 DMI

Total 8859 8859

Manufacturing process of DMI (2,6-dimethylindanone)

DMI FORMATION


21. 2,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine


Step-1DMI reacts with HCONH2 and HCOOH and produce the Intermediate.

The Intermediate is further agitated with HCl and NaOH in a closed reactor

which forms DMAI Isomers.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Formamide 852 312Organic layer to

Incinerator

Formic Acid 333 762 Effluent to MEE

DMI 454 672 Effluent to ETP

Water 920 1000 DMAI

HCl 81

Caustic Soda 107

Total 2746 2746

Mass Balance of DMAI

Formation of

Step 1

O

CH3

CH3

+ +HCONH2HCOOH

CH3

CH3

NH

O

H

+ H2O + CO2

DMI Intermediate

CH3

CH3

NH

O

H

+ HCl +

CH3

CH3

NH2

+ NaCl + HCOONa

Intermediate DMAI

2NaOH+ H

2O

CH3

CH3

NH2

trans-DMAI

CH3

CH3

NH2

DMAI

+CH3

CH3

NH2

cis-DMAI


22. 3H-1, 2, 4-Triazol-3-one, 4-amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-


Step-1Isobutyric acid agitated with hydrazine hydrate and toluene form 2-

methyl propanehydrazide.

Step-22-methyl propanehydrazide reacts along with

methylcarbonochloridate, NaOH and EDC forms methyl2-(2-methylpropanoyl)

hydrazinacarboxylate.

Step-3The methyl2-(2-methylpropanoyl) hydrazine carboxylate is reacted

with hydrazine forms IAT.

Chemical Reaction:

O

OH

Isobutyric acid

+ N2H4.H2O

NN

NH

O

NH2

O

NHNH2

Cl

O

Omethyl carbonochloridate

NaOH+EDCO

NHNH

O

O

N2H4.H2O

2-methylpropanehydrazide

methyl2-(2-methylpropanoyl)hydrazinecarboxylate

+ NaCl+H2O

+CH3OH + H2O

Hydrazine

hydrate

Toluene

Step 1Step 2

Step 3

Mass balance:

Kg Kg

Toluene 1225 286 Effluent to MEE

Iso Butyric Acid 727 1201 Toluene-recycled

Hydrazine Hydrate 438 121 Residue to incinerator

Titatnium Dioxide 26

1,2-dichloro Ethane 476 452 Effluent to MEE

Caustic Soda 67 7811,2-dichloro ethane-

recycle

Methyl Chloroformate 452 66 Residue to incinerator

Water 778

Hydrazine Hydrate 235 361 Effluent to ETP

157 Effluent to Incinerator

1000 IAT

Total 4425 4425

Formation of Iso

Butyric Acid

Hydrazide

Formation of

hydrazine

caboxilic acid

Mass Balance of IAT

Formation of

hydrazine

caboxilic acid


23. Ethyl (2R)-2-{4-[6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl) oxy] phenoxy}

propanoate


2,6-Dichloro-1,3-benzoxazole and ethyl propanoate derivative reacts with

K2CO3 and toluene in an agitation reaction and forms FPES.

Chemical Reaction:

O

OH

O

O CH3

CH3

+N

O

Cl

Cl

ethyl (2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoate

2,6-dichloro-1,3-benzoxazole

N

O

O

Cl

O

O

O CH3

CH3

ethyl (2R)-2-{4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate

+ 2 KCl+ CO2 + H2O

K2CO3,Toluene

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Toluene 2910 87 Residue Incinerator

ethyl(2R)-2-(4-hydroxy

phenoxy)propanoate428 2823 Toluene recovered

Polyethylene Glycol 32 433 Effluent to ETP

Potassium Carbonate 152 1000 FPES

Water 478

2,6-dichlorobenzene

oxazole344

Total 4343 4343

Mass Balance of FPES

Formation of

Step 1


24. (2-{2-chloro-4-mesyl-3-[(RS)]-tetrahydro-2-furylmethoxymethyl}

benzoyl)-cyclohexane-1, 3-Dione)


AE-513 is now treated with Xylene and Thionyl Chloride with Acetonitrile,

Triethyl Amine and 1, 3-Cyclohexanedione. This mass is agitated after which

addition of Acetone Cyanohydrins and Sodium Bicarbonate is done. Filtration

and distillation process further give the final product AE-473.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Emission 739 N2 + CO2

10% NaOCl Sol. 3997 Hypo

Scrubber

3772 Scrubber effluent to

MEE

NaOH 396 Caustic

Scrubber

684 Scrubber Effluent to

MEE

319 CO2 105 HCl

196 HCN 183 SO2

Xylene 1260 1239 Effluent to ETP

AE-513 1022 43 Solid to Incineration

Thionyl Chloride 400 1210 Recovered Xylene

Acetonitrile 860 551 Residue to Incinerator

1,3 Cyclohexanedione 204 432 Recycled IPA

Triethyl Amine 382 843 ACN recycled

Acetone cyanohydrin 28 1000 AE-473

Sodium Bicarbonate 15

Water 1330

HCl 88

Isopropanol 450

Caustic Flakes 81

Total 10513 10513

AE-473

Mass Balance of AE-473 ((2-{2-chloro-4-mesyl-3-[(RS)]-tetrahydro-2-

furylmethoxymethyl} benzoyl)-cyclohexane-1, 3-Dione))


25. 2-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl]

benzoyl} cyclohexane-1,3-dione


747-Either treated with Thionyl Chloride along with toluene forms Acid

Chloride derivatives which is further treated with 1,3-CHD forms O-acyl

intermediate. Acetone cyclohydrin is allowed in reaction vessel to form final

product TMBT.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Toluene 1830 1794 Toluene-recycled

747 Ether 566

Thionyl chloride 200


1,3 CHD 160 1711 Toluene-recovered

Triethyl amine 344

Cyanohydrine 118 316 Effluent to ETP

Water 520 1000 TMBT

Total 5503 5503

Mass Balance of Tembutrion(TMBT)

Fromation of

Step-1

Formation of

Step-2

Formation of

TMBT

+ SOCl2

Toluene

O

O

TEA

Toluene

Cl

O

S

CH3

OO

O

O

O CF3

O

O

Cl

O CF3

S

CH3

OO

O

(C2H5)3N.HCl+

Acid chloride derivatie

1,3-CHD

Thionyl chloride

+ HCl

Cl

HOOCO

SCH3

O O

CF3

Cl

ClOCO

SCH3

O O

CF3

O-Acyl intermediate

747-Ether

Acetone cynohydrin

TMBT


26. 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl]

benzoic acid


AE-014 and TFE both raw materials treated with NaOH prills and ACN along

with o-DCB to forms 747-Ether.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

ODCB 1378 865 Effluent to MEE

AE-014 816 949 Effluent to ETP

NaOH Prills126 1344 Rec ODCB recovered

Acetonitrile 540 529 Rec ACN recovered

Trifluoroethanol 713 1000 747-Ether

Water 1089

HCl 25

Total 4687 4687

Mass Balance of 747-Ether

Formation of 747

Ether


27. 3-Chloro-2-Methylthioanisole


35% HCl solution is mixed with 3-Chloro-2-Methyl Aniline, NaNO2, Sodium

Carbonate under controlled condition. The mass is then reacted with Sodium

Methyl Mercaptane to carry out coupling reaction. Then EDC is charged to wash

the reaction mass and separate the organic & aqueous layer. EDC is being

recovered by distillation. The final product 2C6SMT is separated from the mass

by fractionation under vacuum.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

3-chloro-2-methyl

aniline410 140

Residue to

incinerator

HCl 53 788 Effluent to MEE

Sodium nitrite 480 761 Recovered EDC

Sodium carbonate 7 1057 Effluent to ETP

EDC 777 1000 2C6SMT

Sodium Methyl

Mercaptane1052

Water 967

Total 3746 3746

Mass Balance of 2C6SMT(3-chloro-2-methylthioanisole)

Formation of

2C6SMT

Cl C H 3

N H 2 Cl

C H 3 S C H 3

2 N2

3-chloro-2-

+ NaNO2 + 2 HCl + CH3 SNa + + +

2H 2 O

sodium methyl mercaptane 2C 6 SMFormula Weight =

141.59812 Formula Weight =

Solvent: EDC


28. 5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-

3(2H)-one


Step-1(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) acetonitrile and ethyl phenyl acetate are

treated with in an agitation reactor to form Phenyl butanenitrile compound.

Step-2Phenyl butane nitrile further treated with acetic acid forms APTPF

Step-3Reaction of APTPF with Methyl Amine forms final product Flurtamone

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

F

FF

N

+

O

O CH3

NaOEt

O

N

F

F

F

3-oxo-4-phenyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanenitrile(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetonitrile

Ethylphenylacetate

+ C2H5OH +NaCl

O

O

NH2

F

F F

Br2, CH3COOH

O

N

F

F

F

3-oxo-4-phenyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanenitrile 5-amino-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-3(2H)-one

+ H2O

+ 2HBr + CH3COOH

NH3+

O

O

NH

F

F F

CH3

Flurtamone

O

O

NH2

F

F F

5-amino-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-3(2H)-one

+ CH3 NH2

Methyl amine


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

3-trifluoromethylphenyl

acetonitrile400 350 Effluent to ETP

Sodium Ethoxide 400 247 Effluent to MEE

Ethyl Phenyl Acetate 310

Bromine 380 203 Efffluent to MEE

Glacial Acetic Acid 665 600 Acetic Acid recovered

Water 138

Methylamine 413 223 Effluent to MEE

HCl 44 607NH3 solution as by-

product


1000 FLURT

Total 3517 3517

Formation of

Step 1

Formation of

Step 2

Formation of

Step 3

Mass Balance of FLURT


29. Methyl(methylthio) Acetate


Methyl chloroacetate and Sodium Methyl Mercaptane reacts in a reactor and

forms MTAA.

Chemical Reaction:

ClO

CH3

O+ CH3

SNa

CH3

OS

CH3

OMethyl chloroacetate

M.W.=108.523

Sodium methyl mercaptane

M.W. =70

Methyl(methylthio)acetate

M.W.=120.171

+ NaCl

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

DM Water 537 190 Effluent to MEE

NaOH 65 97 Residue to incinerator

Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) 157 359 Effluent to ETP

Tetrabutyl ammonium

bromide (TBAB)24 681 Rec MDC

Methyl chloro acetate 604 1000 MTAA

Sodium Methyl Mercaptane 246

MDC 694

Total 2327 2327

Mass Balance of MTAA

Formation of

MTAA


30. 1-(3-chloro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl

(prop-2-ynyl) amino] pyrazole-4-carbonitrile


Step-1TMOF and Malononitrile react with zinc chloride to form MMMN

Step-21,1,7-TCHO and Hydrazine hydrate reacts and form Int-2a

Step-3Int-2A and MMMN and BMMM react together and form Int-3a

Step-4Int-3a and HCl oxidized with H2O2 forms Int 4a

Step-5Int-4a along with NaOH forms Int 4b

Step-6Int 4b treated with TMOF, TBAB and p-TSA forms Int-5c

Step-7Int 5c and proparygyl chloride treated with NaOH forms PYCL

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

OMe

OMe

OMe

H +

CN

CN

ZnCl2+

O

CN

CNCH3

Malononitrile MMMN

2MeOH

TMOF

n-butanol

O

CN

CNCH3

MMMN

n -Bu O

CN

CN

BMMN

+C4H10O+

CH3 O

CN

CN

MMMNButanol

+ MeOH

Step II

Cl

O

Cl

Cl

NNH

NH

NH2

Cl

1,1,7-TCHO

+

Hydrazine hydrate

+ 2HCl

2 NH2 NH2

H2O+

Int-2a

Step III

NNH

NH

NH2

Cl +N

NHN

N

Cl

NH2

CN

Int-2a

CN

NC

OCH3

MMMN+BMMN

+ MeOH + C4H

10O

MethanolInt-3a Butanol

Step IV

NNH

N

N

Cl

NH2

CNN

NH

N

N

NH2

CN

Cl

Cl

Int-4aInt-3a

+ 2H2O+HCl + H2O

2


Step V

NNH

N

N

Cl

NH2

CN

Cl

NN

N

N

NH2

CN

Cl

Int-4bInt-4a

+ H2O+NaOH + NaCl

Step VI

NN

N

N

NH2

CN

Cl

OMe

OMe

OMe

Int-4b

TMOF

TBAB 2 H2O+ + +

NN

N

N

NH

CN

Cl

CH3Int-5c

2CH3OH

Methanol

TBAB HCOOH p-TSA + H2O+ + + +

Step VII

NN

N

N

NH

CN

Cl

CH3

NN

N

N

N

CN

Cl

CH3

CH

CH Cl

Int-5c

+ + NaCl

PYCL

Propargyl chloride

+NaOH

sodium hydroxide

+H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Malononitrile 578 830 Recovered Methanol

n-Butanol 561 115 Recovered n-Butanol


1,1,7-trichloroheptene-3-

one458 590 Recovered TMOF

Conc. HCl 50 643 n-butanol recycled

Water 970 597Nitrogen to Wet

Scrubber

Hydrogen Peroxide 188 697 Effluent to MEE

NaOH Soln 55 149 HCl by-product

Caustic Lye 167 1000 PYCL

Propargyl chloride 212

Trimethylorthoformate 922

TBAB 27

Trimethylorthoformate 1113

Total 5833 5833

Manufacturing process of PYCL

Formation of PYCL


31. 3-[1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-5-

phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one


Step-1Mehtylphenylacetate and Ethyl acetate reacts with Sodium

Methanolate, Hydrochloric acid and Ethyl Acetate and forms EAPA.

Step-2EAPA reaction with Chloromethane, Magnesium Metal & TFH forms

DCAL

Step-3DCAL treated with acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide forms

DCAA

Step-4DCAA dissolved in hexanol with sodium hydroxide forms DCAM

Step-5DCAM treated with-1-methylethylamine and formaldehyde with

solvent xylene forms DCIM.

Step-6EAPA and DCIM reaction in xylene forms MY-100

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

OCH3

O

OC2H5

O

CH3 O

CH3 O

O

CH3

+ + +

methyl phenylacetate

M F = C9H

10O

2

F W = 150.17

ethyl acetate

M F = C4H

8O

2

F W = 88.10

EAPA

M F = C12

H14

O3

F W = 206.23

+

M F = CH3NaO

F W= 54.02

sodium methanolate

HClCH3ONa

Solvent: Ethyl acetate2 CH3OH + NaCl

Step II

Cl

O

Cl

Cl

3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride

OH

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-olM F = C

7H

3Cl

3O

F W = 209.45

+

M F = CH3Cl

F W = 50.48

chloromethane

+ Mg2+

M F = MgF W= 24.3

Magnesium Metal

M F = C9H

10Cl

2O

F W = 205.08

+ ++ 2H+2 CH3Cl MgCl2 HClSolvent: THF

Step III

OH

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

NH

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

CH3

O

( DCAA)M F = C9H

10Cl

2O

F W = 205.08

2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-ol

+

M F = C2H

3N

F W= 41.05

acetonitrile

+

M F = H2O

4S

F W = 98.07

sulfuric acid

M F = C11

H13

Cl2NO

F Wt= 246.13

+

M F = HNaOF W = 39.99

sodium hydroxide

+

M F = Na2O

4S

F W= 142.04

sodium sulfate

+

M F = H2O

F W= 18

Water

CH3CN H2SO4 2 NaOHSolvent: Acetonitri le

Na2SO42 H2O


Step IV

NH2

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

DCAM

NH

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

CH3

O

( DCAA)

M F = C11

H13

Cl2NO

F Wt= 246.13

+

M F = HNaOF W = 39.99

sodium hydroxide

+

M F = C9H

11Cl

2N

F W = 204.09

sodium acetate

M F = C2H

3NaO

2

F W = 82.03

NaOH CH3COONa

Solvent: Hexanol

Step V

N

Cl

Cl

CH3

CH3

CH2

+H O +NH2

Cl

Cl

CH3CH3

1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethylamine

M F = C9H

11Cl

2N

F W = 204.09

formaldehyde

M F = CH2O

F W = 30.025

M F = C10

H11

Cl2N

F W = 216.10

( DCIM)

H2O

Solvent: Xylene

Step VI

O

O CH3

CH3 O

Cl

Cl

CH3

CH3N

CH2

N

O

O CH3 CH3

Cl

ClCH3

CH3 OH

EAPA

Xylene

EthanolDCIM MY-100

Molecular Formula = C12

H14

O3

Formula Weight = 206.26Molecular Formula = C

10H

11Cl

2N

Formula Weight = 216.1

++


H19

Cl2NO

2


Molecular Formula = C2H

6O


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Methyl phenyl Acetate 205 510 Ethyl Acetate recycled

Ethyl acetate 536 1576 Effluent to ETP

Sodium Methanoate 359 1030 EAPA

Acetonitrile 41 1063 THF recycled

Sulphuric Acid 100 422 Effluent to MEE

DM Water 1551 464 Incineration salt

Sodium Hydroxide 161 1956 Hexanol recycled

3,5-dichlorobenzoyl

Chloride217 595 Xylene recovered

Chloromethane 292 706 DCIM

THF 1108 1000 MY-1000

Hexanol 2126

Formaldehyde 221

Xylene 613

EAPA 1030

DCIM 706

HCl 56

Total 9322 9322

Manufacturing process of MY-100 (3-[1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-3,4-

dihydro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one)

Formation of MY-

100


32. 3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-

dimethylisoxazole


Step-12,5 DCP reacts with Diethyl sulfate in presence of caustic lay in

agitator reactor to form DCEB.

Step-2DCEB and Paraformaldehyde react in presence of acidic nature, so HCl

is charged in reactor to maintain the acidity of mass and after reaction EBC is

formed.

Step-3BIO and Thiourea reacts to each other in reactor to forms ITCA for

next step.

Step-4ITCA reacts in presence of Caustic to convert into SIO.

Step-5EBC and SIO are charged in reactor, agitating the mass its forms ISB.

Step-6ISB reacts with oxidizing agent H2O2. IPA is added to remove the

impurity. After getting the lake palace the IPA was recovered through

distillation process.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Cl

OH Cl

Cl

H5C2O Cl

Diethyl sulphate

2,5-DCP DCEBNaOH

Step II

(HCHO)n

35 %aq.HCl

Cl

H5C2O Cl

Cl

H5C2O Cl

Cl

DCEB EBC

Step III

O

N CH3

CH3Br

BIO

+ NH2 NH2

S

Thiourea

ON CH

3

CH3

S

NH2

NH

HBr.

ITCA


Step IV

Step V

Step VI

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

DCP 161 732 Effluent to MEE

NaOH 137 1259 Effluent to ETP

Paraformaldehyde 176 775 EBC

HCl 29 1296Organic Layer to

Incinerator

Water 1750 917 SIO

EBC 775 876 IPA Recovery

SIO 917 1000 LP

BIO 1292

Thiourea 89

Diethyl Sulfate 183


IPA 890

Total 6854 6854

Manufacturing process of LP

Formation of LP

ON CH3

CH3S

NH2

NH

HBr.

ITCA

+ 2 NaOH

ON CH3

CH3NaS

SIO

+ NH2

O

NH2+ NaBr + H

2O

ON CH3

CH3NaS

SIO

+

Cl

Cl

Cl

H5C2O

EBC

Cl

ClH5C2O

ONCH3

CH3S

ISB

+ NaCl

Cl

H5C2O Cl

S

O

NCH3

CH3

Lake Palace ISB

Cl

H5C2O Cl

S

O

NCH3

CH3O

O+ 2H2O

2+ 2H2O

IPA


33. Pantoxazone


Step-1A solution of paraflurophenol in Ethylene DiChloride (EDC) is prepared

in an agitated vessel. Now chlorine is fed to form reaction mass.

Step-2Caustic lye along with Ethyl Chloro Formate treated with reaction mass

as received from step-1. This mass is neutralized with caustic lye solution.

Now to the reaction mass is added Ethyl Chloro Formate. When the feed is

over mass is washed with water and is sent to next step.

Step-3In a vessel mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid is prepared and

mass of Step-2 is received in a reactor; Nitrating mixture is now slowly fed

into this mass forms an organic Mass

Step-4Reaction mass receive from step-3 is taken in a reactor. Hydrogen gas

is fed in this mass. The reduced mass is sent for next step.

Step-5In a vessel Cyclo Pentyl Bromide is treated with caustic lye. Mass of

Step-5 is added Cyclo Pentyl Bromide. Toluene is distilled off from the

reaction mass. This mass is than sent to next step.

Step-6Toluene is taken and metal sodium is charged under nitrogen

atmosphere and agitated. Ethyl alcohol is fed. Mass a mixture of ethyl chloro

acetate & acetone is fed to get alkyl butanoate. The mass is than reacted with

Alkyl Butanoate forms KPP.


Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

4 Fluorophenol 620 1718 HCl byproduct

Chlorine 430 1842 NaBr - byproduct

Caustic 590 828 Effluent to ETP

Ethyl Chloroformate 736 30Solid waste to

incinerator

Sulphuric Acid 520 690 Toluene recycled

Nitric Acid 582 1000 KPP-314

Hydrogen Gas 64

Chloroformate 670

Alkyl Bromide 536

Alkyl Butaneoat 200

Water 432

Toluene 728

Total 6108 6108

Mass Balance of KPP (Pentaxozone)

KPP-314


34. MethylDichloroPhosphine


Step-1Methyl Chloride, Aluminum Chloride and Phosphorus trichloride

reacts with Diethyl phthalate forms mass of Methyldichlorophosphine.

Step-2Methyldichlorophosphine treated with n-Butanol forms final product

MPBS

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Phosphorous

trichloride2422 2373

Phosphorous

trichloride-recycled

Aluminium Chloride 1176 2469AlCl3.Diethyl

Phthalate-recovery

Methyl Chloride 472 18 Residue to incinerator

Diethyl phthlate 1558 13 Cut-1-recycled

Yellow Phosphorous 176

N-Butanol 899 356 HCl By-product


DM Water 333 887 n-Butanol-recycled

1000 MPBS

Total 7693 7693

Formation of

Step 1

Mass Balance of MPBS

Formation of

Step 2

PCl3+ AlCl

3 +CH3Cl

PCH3

Cl

Cl

+ AlCl3

Methyl dichlorophosphine

Methyl Chloride Aluminum chloride Phosphorous trichloride

Diethyl phthalate

O

O

CH3

O

O CH3

+

Diethyl phthalate.+Cl2

PCH3

Cl

Cl

+ OH CH32P

CH3

O

H

O CH3

Methyl dichlorophosphine n-Butanol Methyl phosphonic butyl ester

+ +n-BuCl HCl


35. N-(2 Chloro-4 Fluoro-5-((ethoxy carbonyl)-amino)-benzoyl)-N-iso-

propyl-N-methyl-sulfamid


Step-1Chlorine gas along with CFT, AIBN is agitated in a reactor to form an

intermediate product CFN thereby producing 30% HCl as a byproduct.

Step-2CFN is then treated with DM water and Iron Chloride. The mass is then

quenched with Chlorobenzene which is then treated with Sodium Hydroxide

and water to form another intermediate product SLFD.

Step-3This intermediate SLFD is further treated with Hydrogen gas and water

in presence of catalyst to form the final product PCM.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

F

CH3

Cl

F

CCl 3

Cl

CCl 3

F

Cl

O2N

2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzotrichloride 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzotrichloride

Cl2

AZO INITIATOR

HNO3 / H2SO4

Step II

O2N

F Cl

CCl 3

1-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitro-2-(trichloromethyl)benzene

hydrolysis

O2N

F Cl

O

Cl+ ClH2

2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride

+ OH2

CH3

NH

CH3

CH3 + SO2Cl 2

CH3

N

CH3

CH3

SO

O

Cl

+ClHNH3 gas

CH3

N

CH3

CH3

SO

O

NH2

N-isopropyl-N-methylamine isopropyl(methyl)sulfamoyl chloride N-isopropyl-N-methylsulfamide

+ ClH

O2N

F Cl

O

Cl

+CH3

N

CH3

CH3

SO

O

NH2

O2N

F Cl

OCH3

N

CH3

CH3

SO

O

NH

+ ClH

2-chloro-4-fluoro-N-{[isopropyl(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}-5-nitrobenzamide

N-isopropyl-N-methylsulfamide

2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride


Step III

NO2

F Cl

O

NHS

O O

N

CH3

CH3

CH3 Step 4A

Catalyst

Methanol

+ 3H2

H2N

F Cl

O

NHS

O O

N

CH3

CH3

CH3

+ 2H2O

H2N

F Cl

O

NHS

O O

N

CH3

CH3

CH3

+

Cl

O

O CH3

CH3

O

NH

F

Cl

O

NHS

O O

N

CH3

CH3

CH3

+ HCl

Step 5A

Toluene

800-Cl-Sulfonamid 800-Cl-Anil in Water

800-Cl-Anil in Ethyl Chloroformate800-Chlorid

Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrogen

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2,4-CFT 451 1827 Effluent to ETP

Chlorine gas 652 438 Effluent to MEE

Oleum 297 488 Recovered Ethanol

Water 1163 990 Intermediate-1

N-isopropyl-N-

methylamine495 422 HCl by-product

NH3 112 790 Intermediate-2

SO2Cl2 283 165 Residue to Incinerator

Intermediate-1 990 287 Methanol recovered

Intermediate-2 790 157 Toluene recovered

Methanol 320 1000 PCM

Hydrogen 11

ECF 330

Toluene 163

Ethanol 508

Total 6565 6565

Manufacturing process of PCM (N-(2 Chloro-4 Fluoro-5-((ethoxy carbonyl)-

amino)-benzoyl)-N-iso-propyl-N-methyl-sulfamid)

Formation of PCM


36. Ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate


Step-1Ethyl trifloroacetate and ethyl acetate are charged in a reactor for

agitation reaction with HCOONa to obtain ETFAA.

Step-2ETFAA treated with ammonium acetate along with acetic acid produce

EATB.

Chemical reaction:

Step I

ethyl trifluoroacetate ethyl acetate ETFAA

F3C O

O

+O

O

HCOONa F3C

O

O

O

+ CH3CH2OH

Step II

ETFAA

F3C

O

O

O

+ CH3COONH4

AcOH F3C

NH2

O

O

+

EATB

CH3COOH + H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

ETFA 558 1353 Distillate recycled

Ethyl Acetate 493 248 Residue to incinerator

Sodium Ethoxide 283 323 Effluent to ETP

Acetic Acid 354 1000 EATB

Ammonium Acetate 570

Sodium Bicarbonate 98

Water 568

Total 2924 2924

Formation of

Step 1

Mass Balance of EATB


37. 2,6-bis(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) benzoic acid


DHBA and DMMSP are agitated with NaH and THF to form BPS.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

THF 617 18 H2 to atmosphere

NaH 200 669 Effluent to ETP

DHBA 253 598 THF recovery

DMMSP 770 1000 BPS

Water 445

Total 2285 2285

Formation of

Step 1

Mass Balance of BPS

OHOH

O OH

+NN

S OO

CH3

OCH3H3CO

2 + 3 NaH

MW 154.12

THF N

N N

N

OO

COONa

OCH3

OCH3

H3CO

OCH3

BPS

MW 218.23

+ 2 CH3SO2Na + 3 H2

DHBA DMMSPMW 452.35

Na-Salt MSA

MW 102.08MW 24

Sodium hydride


38. N, N-Dimethyl-2-[N-[N-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-

aminocarbonyl] aminosulfonyl]-4-(N-formylamino) benzamide,

sodium salt


Step-1PCF and ADMP react with each other with mixture of TFH and forms

ADMP Carbamate.

Step-2The reaction with NSA and ACN of ADMP carbamate produce NSU

Step-3Reaction of NSU along with Hydrogen, NaMoO4 and H2SO4produce

ASU.

Step-4ASU, Formic Acid and acetic anhydride react in a reaction vessel. On

further addition of Acetone FRSF is obtained.

Step-5FRSF is reacted with sodium methoxide and acetone forming final

product FRSF-Na.

Chemical Reaction:

PCF

THF

O Cl

O

+N

N

OCH3

OCH3

NH2

ADMPADMP Carbamate

Step-I

+ HCl

Hydrochloric acid

O NH N

N

OCH3

OCH3

O

K2CO3 +

NSANSU

+O

NH N

N

O

CH3

O

O

CH3

N

O

O

N

CH3 CH3

O

S

NH2

OO

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

OK

N

O

CH3 CH3

SN

O O

O2N

ADMP Carbamate

+ ACN

OH

+ KHCO3

Phenol

Step-II

3 H2 NaMoO4 H2SO4

ASU

+

NSU

+ + KHSO4

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

OK

N

O

CH3 CH3

SN

O O

O2N

N

O

CH3 CH3

SNH

O O

NH2

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

2 H2O

Step III


HCOOH

FRSF

+

ASU

+ Ac2O

N

O

CH3 CH3

SNH

O O

NH

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

O

2CH3COOH

Formic Acid

N

O

CH3 CH3

SNH

O O

NH2

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

+

Acetic anhydride

Acetone

Step IV

Step V

NaOMe Acetone

FRSF-Na

++

N

O

CH3 CH3

SN

-

O O

NH

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

O

Na

CH3OH

Sodium Methoxide

N

O

CH3 CH3

SNH

O O

NH

N

NNH

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

O

FRSF

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Water 522 539 HCl by-product

17 HCl

THF 832 1299 Effluent to ETP

ADMP 272 33 LOD to Incinerator

Acetonitrile 2200 2145 Acetonitrile-recycled

NSA 490 1241 Effluent to MEE

K2CO3 92 272 Acetone-Recovery

Water 1456 799 THF Recyled

Hydrogen Gas 22

Sulphuric Acid 69

Formic Acid 335

Acetic anhydride 368

Acetone 278

Phenyl chloroformate 423

Acetone 330 215 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Methanoate 279 102 LOD to incinerator

323 Acetone-Recovery

1000 FRSF/FSS

Total 7969 7969

Manufacturing process of FRSF-FSS

Formation of FRSF-

FSS

Formation of Step 1

Scrubber


39. 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridine sulfonamide


Step-13-AMP reacts with aq. HCl and NaOH along with Chlorine Gas and

forms CAMP.

Step-2CAMP further treated with NaNO2 and NaHSO3 forms CAPS

Step-3CAPS with K2CO3, NaHCO3, NaSO3 and C2H5Br is charged in agitation

reactor to form CESP.

Step-4CESP further reacted with NaSH, chlorine Gas and Ammonia Gas in

presence of hydrogen forms finals product 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridine

sulfonamide.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

N

NH2

N

NH2

Cl

Aq.HCl

Cl2 NaOH + NaCl + H2O+ +

3-AMP CAMP

Step II

N

NH2

ClN

S

O

O

Cl

Cl

NaHSO3,+ N2 + NaCl + H2O

+ ++H Cl NaNO2

CAMPCAPS

32 3

Step III

N

S

O

O

Cl

Cl

N

S

O

O

Cl

NaHCO3 + CO2+ + NaClNa2SO3

K2CO3+ + +C2H

5Br

CAPSCESP

NaBr + SO2 + H OH

Step IV

N

S

O

O

ClN

S

O

O

SO

O

NH2

NaSH, + + NH4Cl2Cl

26 NH

3+ +

CESP

ESPS

+ + H2O

4NaOClO2+


Mass balance:

Kg Kg

3-Aminopyridine 378 20 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 384

HCl 44

Ferric Chloride 1

Chlorine gas 84

Sodium Hydroxide 75

Sodium Bisulfite 281 510 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Nitrite 213

HCl 42

DM water 201

Copper chloride 1

Caustic solution 158 185 Spent to MEE

27 SO2

Sodium Sulfite 337 609 Effluent to MEE

Sodium bicarbonate 18

Water 82

Ethyl Bromide 37

Potassium carbonate 23

NaSH 202 530 Effluent to ETP

Chlorine Gas 219 611 Effluent to Incinerator

Water 582 1000 ESPS

Ammonia 103

Total 3465 3465

Formation of Step 1

Formation of Step 2

Formation of Step 3

Mass Balance of ESPS

Formation of ESPS


40. Methyl 2-amino-4-{[(methylsulfonyl)amino] methyl}benzoate


Step-1Reaction is carried out between Methyl 4-cyano 2-nitrobenzoate and

HCl charging hydrogen gas, Toluene and CAcOH to produce Intermediate.

Step-2Methane sulfonyl chloride and trimethyl amine along with thionyl

chloride is added to intermediate and agitated further to produce final

Product.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

OO

NO2

CN

OO

NH2

NH2

HCl

+ 5 H + 2 H2+ HClii) Toluene

OO

NH2

NH2

HCl

OO

NH2

NH

SO O

MeSO2Cl

Et3N

+ S

O

O

Cl + 2 Et3 + 2 Et3

AMSB

methyl 4-cyano-2-nitrobenzoate

Step II

DMAc

i) CAcOH

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Methyl 2-nitro 4-

cyanobenzoate627 712 Toluene recycled

Acetic Acid 969 895Acetic acid

recycled

Hydrogen Gas 23

Toluene 727

HCl Gas 66

DMAC 800 768 DMAC recycled

Triethyl Amine 560 1372 MDC recycled

methanesulfonyl

chloride320 688 Effluent to MEE


MDC 1400 1000 Mesylamid

Total 6559 6559

Mass Balance of Mesylamid

Formation Step 1

Formation Step 2


41. 2-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline


Step-1Bromine along with trifluromethoxy benzene forms 4-bromophenyl

trifluoromethyl ether

Step-24-bromophenyl trifluoromethyl ether treated with H2SO4, MDC with

fuming HNO3 forms mass of 4-bromo 2-nitrophenyl trifloromethyl ether and 4-

bromo 3-nitrophenyl trifloromethyl ether

Step-3Mass of 4-bromo 2-nitrophenyl trifloromethyl ether and 4-bromo 3-

nitrophenyl trifloromethyl ether along with hydrogen gas forms the final

product

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

O F

F

F

+ Br2

O F

F

F

Br

Trifluoromethoxy benzene Bromine 4-bromophenyl trifluoromethyl ether

+ HBr

Step II

+ Fuming HNO3

O F

F

F

Br

N+ O

-O

O F

F

F

Br

4-bromophenyl trifluoromethyl ether

H2SO4

4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl trifluoromethyl ether

+

O F

F

F

Br

N+

O-

O


MDC

- 2H2O

Step III

+O F

F

FNH2

+

O F

F

FNH2O F

F

F

Br

N+ O

-O


O F

F

F

Br

N+

O-

O


2-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline 3-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline

4 H2

+2 H2O + HBr


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Trifluoromethoxy

benzene1219 761 HBr By-Product

Bromine 1203

Fuming Nitric Acid 205 339 Effluent to ETP

Sulphuric Acid 22

Methylene

Dichloride185

DM Water 521

Hydrogen Gas 75 761 HBr By-product339 Efluent to MEE

232Residue to

Incinerator

1000 OTMA

Total 3431 3431

Formation of step-1

Formation of step-2

Formation of OTMA

Mass Balance of OTMA


42. Cyanazine


Step-12-hydroxy 2-mrthyl propanenitrile and ammonia gas react with each

other in a reactor from 2-amino 2-methylpropanenitrile.

Step-22,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine react with 2-amino 2-

methylpropanenitrile and forms CNZ.

Step–3CNZ wash with DM water and form final product CNZ.

Chemical Reaction:

CH3

CH3

OH N

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

CH3

CH3

NH2N

2-amino-2-methylpropanenitrile

NH3

AMP

+ H2O

Step I

N

N

N

ClCl

Cl

2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine

CH3

CH3

NH2

N

N

N

N

Cl

NH

Cl

CH3

CH3

N

+

CNZ-I

+ HCl

2-amino-2-methylpropanenitrile

Step II

N

N

N

Cl

NH

Cl

CH3

CH3

N

N

N

N

NH

NH

Cl

CH3

CH3

N

CH3

CNZ-II

+ HCl

Aq. Ethyl amine solution+H2O

Step III


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2-hydroxy-2-

methylpropanenitrile693 845 Effluent to MEE

Ammonia 481

2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-

triazine939 300 Effluent to ETP

145 HCl By-product

DM Water 787 422 Effluentto ETP

Aq. Ethyl amine 281 468 HCl by-product

1000 CNZ

Total 3180 3180

Formation of CNZ

Mass Balance of CNZ(Cynazine)

Formation of

intermediate-1

Formation of CNZ-I


43. N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-yl)-2-fluoro-6-

(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide


Step-11,4 dimethoxy benzene and Ethyl carbonisothiocyanatidateand

carbonate compound in reactor to form Intermediate.

Step-2The intermediate is treated with FTBSC to form final Product DTPBS

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

NH2

1,4-dimethoxybenzene

S N

O

O CH3

ethyl carbonisothiocyanatidate

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

NH NH

S O

O CH3

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

NH NH

N O

O CH3

OH

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

N

N

NH2

ethyl [(2,5-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)carbamothioyl]carbamate

5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 2

+ HSH

+O

O CH3H

ethyl formate

+ H OH

Step II

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

N

N

NH2

CF3

S

O

O

Cl

F

F3C

S

O

O

F

NN

O

O

CH3

CH3

N

N

NH

5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-amine

N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide

FTBSC

+HCl

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Water 360 406 HCl by-product

46 HCl

4-amino-2,5-

dimethoxypyrimidin

e

600 1337 Effluent to ETP

ethoxy carbonyl

isothiocyanate 583 110 LOD to incinerator

Toluene 38

deionized water 57

hydroxylamine 154

Water 196Methanol 258


2-fluoro-6-

(trifluoromethyl)

benzenesulfonyl

chloride

588 268 Effluent to MEE

Water 498 215 Toluene recycled

1000 DTPBS

Total 3555 3555

Mass Balance of DTPBS

Formation of Step 1

Formation of Step 2


Fungicides and intermediates

44. (2E)-2-(Methoxyimino)-N-Methyl-2-(2-Phenoxyphenyl) Acetamide


Step-1Phenol reacts with 1,2-dichlorobenzene and potassium hydroxide and

forms 1-chloro-2-phenoxybenzene.

Step-21-chloro-2-phenoxybenzene further treated with magnesium, THF or

Xylene in presence of Ethyl bromide forms Grignard mass which with further

addition of water forms butyl oxo (2-phenoxyphenyl) acetate.

Step-3Methyl amine is further added to butyl oxo (2-phenoxyphenyl)acetate

forms N-methyl-2-oxo-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl) acetamide.

Step-4N-methyl-2-oxo-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl) acetamide treated with

hydroxylamine sulphate forms (2E)-2-(Hydroxykmino)-N-methyl-2-(2-

phenoxyphenyl) acetamide.

Step-5(2E)-2-(Hydroxykmino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl) acetamide

treated with dimethyl sulphate and potassium carbonate forms the final

product.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

OH Cl

Cl

+

O

Cl

Phenol 1,2-dichlorobenzene1-chloro-2-phenoxybenzene

KOH + + +KCl H2O

Step II

O

Cl

1-chloro-2-phenoxybenzene

MgO

MgCl

O

COCOOBu

butyl oxo(2-phenoxyphenyl)a

cetate

THF / Xylene

+Ethyl Bromide

Grignard mass

+ BuOH

H20+ Mg(OH)Cl

MW : 76.8

Step III

O

COCOOBu

O

COCONHCH3

butyl oxo(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetate N-methyl-2-oxo-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide

40 % MeNH2

+ BuOH


Step IV

O N

O

NH

CH3

OH

N-methyl-2-oxo-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide

(2E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide

O O

O

NH

CH3

(NH2OH)2.H2SO4

+ H2SO4 H2O+ NH2OH

30% HCL

+ HCL

Step V

(CH3)2SO4O N

O

NH

CH3

OH

O N

O

NH

CH3

O

CH3

(2E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide

(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide

H2O/K 2CO3

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Molten Phenol 442 1385 1,2-dichloro benzene-recovery

1,2-dichloro benzene 1406 1404 Xylene-Recovery

Xylene 1447 1120 Effluent to MEE

Ethyl Bromide 28 765 Effluent to ETP

Di Butyl Oxalate 476 84 LOD to incinerator

Water 951

Methylamine 582

Hydroxyl amine sulphate 255

HCl 79

KOH 117

Potassium Carbonate 13 850 Effluent to ETP

Dimethyl Sulphate 233 56 LOD to Incinerator

Water 636 1000 SSF-126/OXIME

Total 6664 6664

Manufacturing process of SSF-126-OXIME

Formation of SSF-126

Formation of Step 1


45. N,N'-[1,4-Piperazinediyl-Bis(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)]-Bis-

[Formamide]


Step-1Trichloroacetaldehyde and Formamide together forms 2,2,2-trichloro-

1-hydroxy ethylformamide

Step-22,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy ethylformamide treated with Phosphorus

Trichloride forms 1,2,2,2-tetrachloro ethylformamide.

Step-31, 2, 2,2-tetrachloro ethylformamide treated with Piperazine forms

TRFRN.

Chemical Reaction:


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Trichloroacetaldehyde 849

Formamide 251

Phosphorous

Trichloride


Piperazine 656 1242 n-Butyl acetate

Byproduct


1000 TRFRN

Total 2917 2917

Mass Balance of TRFRN (Triforine)

Formation of step-1

Formation of step-2

TRFRN formation


46. N-(1-Cyano-1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4—Dichlorophenoxy)

Propanamide


Step-1DCPPA reacts with SOCl2 forms DCPPA-Cl

Step-2DCPPA-Cl and ADMBN when treated with each other form FNXL in

combination with NaCl, CO2and H2O.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Caustic solution 264 321Scrubber effluent to

MEE

21 HCl

37 SO2

DCPPA 800 302 Residue to solid

incinerator

Toluene 900 882 Toluene Recovery

Thionyl Chloride 430

ADMBN 445 217 Residue

NaHCO3 2 577 Effluent to ETP

Water 450 1000 FNXL

NaOH 8

Total 3299 3299

Formation of DCPPA-Cl

Formation of FNXL

Mass Balance of FNXL

Caustic scrubber

CH3

O

OHO

ClCl+ SOCl

2 CH3

O

Cl

O

ClCl

Step-I

DCPPA-ClDCPPA

+ SO2 + HCl

CH3

CH3

CN

CH3

NH2

FNXL

CH3

O

O

ClCl

CH3

CH3

NC

CH3

NH

ADMBN

Step-II

NaCl+ H2OCO

2+ ++CH3

O

Cl

O

ClCl

DCPPA-Cl

NaHCO3


47. (1E)-1-(2, 5, 5-Trimethyl-1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)Propane -1,2-Dione 1-(O-

Methyloxime)


Step-1Sulphuric Acid & Sodium Nitrite are charged in the reaction mixture of

Acetyl acetone & DM water & further MTBE (Methyl tert-Butyl Ether) is

charged in the above mixture to form HIPD, an intermediate.

Step-2HIPD is charged in mixture of MTBE, Potassium Carbonate, DMF, and

Dimethyl Sulphate and then methylation is being done in presence of DMA to

form intermediate.

Step-3The intermediate from step-2 is being added into mixture of toluene,

Neopentyl Glycol& TSA under agitation to form final product MIPD.

Chemical Reaction:

OO

CH3 CH3

+ NaNO 2 + H2SO4

OO

CH3CH3

NOH

+ Na2SO4 + H2O

Acetyl

acetone

mw:100.116HIPD

mw:129.114

mw:68.99 mw:98.07mw:142.03

OO

CH3CH3

NOH

HIPD

mw:129.114

+ K2CO 3 + (CH3)SO4

mw:138.18mw:126.127

OO

CH3CH3

NOCH 3

MIPD

mw:143.141

pentane-2,3,4-trione 3-(O-methyloxime)

pentane-2,3,4-trione 3-oxime


KHCO 3CH3KSO 4+ +

potassium bicarbonate

potassium methyl sulfate

mw:100.12 mw:150.20

Step-I

Step-II

Step-III

OO

CH3CH3

NOCH 3

CH3

CH3

CH2CH2 OHOH

MIPD

mw:143.141


Neopentyl glycol

mw:104.148

+ H2O

CH3

O

N

CH3 O

O

CH3 O CH3

CH3

(1E)-1-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)propane-1,2-dione 1-(O-methyloxime)

mw:229.273

MIPD-ketal

2 2 2 2


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

DM Water 482 338 Effluent to ETP

Acetyl Acetone 543

Sulphuric Acid 106

Sodium Nitrite 563

NaCl 32

Potassium Carbonate 2 1260 Effluent to MEE

Dimethyl Sulphate 445

Dm Water 358

NPG 90% 801 152 Effluent to ETP

Dm Water 188 770Recovered NPG to

Incinerator

1000 MIPD-Ketal

Total 3520 3520

MIPD-KETAL

FORMATION

Manufacturing process of MIPD

NITROZATION

METHYLATION

OO

CH3 CH3

+ NaNO 2 + H2SO4

OO

CH3CH3

NOH

+ Na2SO4 + H2O

Acetyl

acetone

mw:100.116HIPD

mw:129.114

mw:68.99 mw:98.07mw:142.03

OO

CH3CH3

NOH

HIPD

mw:129.114

+ K2CO 3 + (CH3)SO4

mw:138.18mw:126.127

OO

CH3CH3

NOCH 3

MIPD

mw:143.141




KHCO 3CH3KSO 4+ +

potassium bicarbonate

potassium methyl sulfate

mw:100.12 mw:150.20

Step-I

Step-II

Step-III

OO

CH3CH3

NOCH 3

CH3

CH3

CH2CH2 OHOH

MIPD

mw:143.141


Neopentyl glycol

mw:104.148

+ H2O

CH3

O

N

CH3 O

O

CH3 O CH3

CH3

(1E)-1-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)propane-1,2-dione 1-(O-methyloxime)

mw:229.273

MIPD-ketal

2 2 2 2


48. Orysastrobin


Step-1Oximether reaction is carried out between Aqueous Methoxy Amine

Hydrochloride and MIPD Ketal at room temperature and atmospheric

pressure. Toluene is used as a solvent which is distilled off to get the Step1

product in crude form.

Step-2Hydroxyl Ammonium Sulphate is reacted with above product in

presence of catalyst and Sulphuric Acid is used to maintain the pH of the

reaction mass. Isopropyl Alcohol and Toluene are used as solvent which are

distilled off giving step II product in crude form.

Step-3Methylamide is formed by addition of Sodium Methylate to above

intermediate. Distillation of mass helps recovering Methanol and giving final

product ORST.

Chemical reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

Mass Balance:

BOO-EZE/EZZ/EEE

MF 172.18

+ CH3ONa +

Cl

N

O

O

H3C

OCH3

241.5

CLMO

MF C11

H12

ClNO3

N

CH3

N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

OH

MF C7H

13N

3O

3

+ CH3NH

2 N

NH

O

H3C

OCH3

N

CH3

N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

O

ORST-EEEE / EEEZ

MW 391.42

+ 2CH3OH + NaCl

MF C18

H25

N5O

5

O

O

CH3CH3

CH3N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

MW 258

BOK-EE/EZ/ZE

MF C12

H22

N2O

4

+ 2H2O + (NH

2OH)

2H

2SO

4

N

CH3

N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

OH

+

MF C7H

12N

2O

3

BOO-EZE/EZZ/EEE

MW 172.18

CH3

CH3

OH

OH

MF C5H

12O

2

H2SO

4+2 2H2O+2

2

BOO-EZE/EZZ/EEE

MF 172.18

+ CH3ONa +

Cl

N

O

O

H3C

OCH3

241.5

CLMO

MF C11

H12

ClNO3

N

CH3

N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

OH

MF C7H

13N

3O

3

+ CH3NH

2 N

NH

O

H3C

OCH3

N

CH3

N

N

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

O

ORST-EEEE / EEEZ

MW 391.42

+ 2CH3OH + NaCl

MF C18

H25

N5O

5


Kg Kg

MIPD-Ketal 366 1060 Effluent to MEE

NaOH 100

Methoxy Amine

hydrochloride

723

DM Water 581 625 Effluent to ETP

Hydroxylamoniumsulfate 890 500 H2SO4 Byproduct

Sodium Mithylate 72 608 Effluent to ETP

CLMO 310 1000 ORST

Methylamine 119

DM Water 633

Total 3794 3794

Mass balance of ORST (Orysastrobin)

Formation of BOK

Formation of BOO

Formation of

methylamide


49. (RS)-3,5-Dichloro-N-(3-Chloro-1-Ethyl-1-Methyl-2-Oxopropyl)-p-

Toluamide


Step-13-methyl,1-pentyne-3-ol reacts with Phosphoryl Chloride forms mass

of 3-Chloro-3-Methyl-1- pentyne.

Step-2Along with Ammonia gas under Amination reaction, 3-Chloro-3-

Methyl-1- pentyne forms 3-Amino-3-Methyl-1-pentyne.

Step-3Methyl p-toluene and chlorine gas forms Methyl-3, 5-dichloro-4-

methylbenzoate.

Step-4Mehtyl-3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoate along with hydrochloric acid

and sodium chloride forms 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoic Acid form.

Step-53,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoic Acid along with thionyl chloride forms

3,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoyl chloride derivatives.

Step-63,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoyl chloride and 3-amino 3-mehtyl 1-

pentane together reacts with each other and charge with MIBK to forms 3,5-

dichloro-4-methyl benzoyl chloride solution in MIBK.

Step-73,5-Dichloro-4-Methyl Benzoyl Chloride solution in MIBK reacts in

presence of silver nitrate to form Methyl 3,5-Dichloro-4-Methyl Benzoic acid in

MIBK.

Step-8Methyl 3,5-Dichloro-4-methyl benzoic acid in MIBK is treated with

TCIA powder then given caustic wash and water wash to form MIBK Solution

of Zoxamide.

Step-9MIBK Solution of Zoxamideis given water wash to remove MIBK and

drying process carried out to get dry ZXMD.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CH3

OH

CH3 CH

CH3

Cl

CH3 CH

3-Methyl-1-pentyne-3-ol

POCl3

3-Chloro-3-Methyl-1-pentyne

+ H3PO

4+

Phosphoryl chloride


Step II

Step III

Step IV

Step V

Step VI

Step VII

CH3

Cl

CH3

CH

CH3

NH2

CH3

CH

Amination

3-Chloro-3-Methyl-1-pentyne3-Amino-3-Methyl-1-pentyne

+ 2 NH3

Ammonia gas

+ NH4Cl

CH3

COOCH3

CH3

COOCH3Cl

Cl

Methyl-p-toluate methyl 3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoate

+ 2 Cl2

Chlorine gas

+ 2 HCl

Hydrochloric acid

CH3

COOCH3Cl

Cl

CH3

COOHCl

Cl

methyl-3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoate

3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoic acid

NaOHHCl+ + CH3OHNaCl+ +

CH3

COOHCl

Cl

CH3

COClCl

Cl

3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoic acid

3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoyl chloride

SOCl2+

Thionyl chloride

SO2HCl+ +

CH3

COClCl

Cl

CH3

NH2

CH3

CH

+CH3

Cl

Cl

O

NH

CH3

CH3

CH

3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzoyl chloride 3-Amino-3-Methyl-1-pentyne

+ HCl

3,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoyl chloride solution in MIBK

MIBK

CH3

Cl

Cl

O

NH

CH3

CH3

CHCH3

Cl

Cl

N

OCH2

CH3

CH3

3,5-Dichloro-4-methyl benzoic acid in MIBK methyl 3,5-Dichloro-4-methyl benzoic acid in MIBK

AgNO3


Step VIII

Step IX

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

3-Methyl-1-pentyne-3-ol 559 1367 Effluent to MEE

Ammonia 303 874 3-Amino-3-methyl-1-pentyne

Methyl-p-Toluate 437 1154 HCl by-product

Chlorine gas 245 792 Effluent to ETP

HCl 96 129 SO2 + HCl spent to scrubber

NaOH 156 8443,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoyl

chloride

Thionyl Chloride 663 561 MIBK Recovery

3,5-dichloro-4-methyl

benzoyl chloride 844 1000 ZXMD

MIBK 572

3-Amino-3-methyl-1-

pentyne 874

Water 1229TClA 162

POCl3 581

Total 6720 6720

Manufacturing process of ZXMD (Zoxamide)

Formation of

ZXMD

CH3

Cl

Cl

N

OCH2

CH3

CH3

CH3

Cl

Cl

N

O

CH3

CH3

Cl

TCIA

methyl 3,5-Dichloro-4-methyl benzoic acid in MIBK

NaOH

MIBK solution of Zoxamide

CH3

Cl

Cl

N

O

CH3

CH3

Cl

CH3

Cl

Cl

O

NH

CH3

CH3

ClO

ZXMD

+ H2O

MIBK solution of Zoxamide


50. 3,4,5-Trifluoro-aminobiphenyl


Magnesium and THF is added to AAA BrT FB raw material forming AAA-Mg Br

which is further reacted with trimethoxy boron in presence of THF forming

intermediate mixture of AAA – Boronic Ester and agitating the same mixture

for a while gives final product AAA-Boronic Acid (AMB).

Chemical Reaction:

Br

F

F

F

Mg

THF

MgBr

F

F

F

B OCH3

H3CO

H3CO

B-

F

F

F

OCH3

OCH3

H3CO

MgBr+

+

B

F

F

F

OCH3H3CO

HCl / H2O

B

F

F

F

OHOH

AAA-BrTFB

AAA-MgBr

AAA-Boronic ester

AAA-Boronic acid

MW: 210.979 MW: 235.284

MW: 339.21

MW: 203.96

MW: 175.9

MW: 103.9

THF

+ Mg(Br)(Cl) + 3 CH3OH

+ H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Magnesium turnings 15 522 Effluent to ETP

Dry THF 664 644 THF recycled

AAA-BrTFB 967 264 Residue to incinerator

B(OCH3)3 531 531 Effluent to MEE

HCl 22 1000 AMB

Water 676

Caustic lye 86

Total 2961 2961

Mass balance of AMB (3,4,5-Trifluoro-aminobiphenyl)

Formation of AMB


51. S-Benzyl O,O-DiIsopropyl Phosphorothioate


SDTP and Benzyl Chloride reacted with toluene forms KTZ (Kitazin).

Chemical Reaction:

P

(CH3)2CHO

(CH3)2CHO SNa

OCl

+ P

(CH3)2CHO

(CH3)2CHO S

O

+ NaCl

Benzyl Chloride KTZSDTPMW 220.2 MW 126.59 MW 288.35

Toluene

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

SDTP 1130 750 Effluent to MEE

Toluene 254 248 Rec. Toluene

Benzylchloride 444 25 Reside to incinerator


1000 Kitazin

Total 2595 2595

Mass balance of KITAZIN

Kitazin


52. 2-[3-Chloro-5-(Trifluoromethyl) Pyridin-2-yl]Ethanamine

Manufacturing process:

Step-12,3–dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, Ethylcyno acetate, Potasium

Hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid are agitated in a reactor to form [3-Chloro-

5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]acetonitrile

Step-2DimethyleEthar with charging of Hydrogen gas forms N-{2-[3-chloro-

5-(trifloromethyl)pyridine-2-yl] ethyl}acetamide.

Step–3Just the solution of HCl is added to above mention intermediate to

form final product CTPE.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

N

Cl

Cl

F3C

+NC

OEt

O

N

Cl

F3C

CN

2,3-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

(ethyl cyanoacetate)

[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetonitrile

+ CO2 + EtOH + +KCl 2H2O+ + HClKOH

N

Cl

F3C

CN

N

Cl

F3C

NH

O

[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetonitrile

N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}acetamide

Step II

+ 2 H (CH3CO)2OAcOH

+ + CH3COOH

N

Cl

F3C

NH

O

N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}acetamide

N

F

FF

Cl

NH2

(CTPE)

c. HCl

Step III

+ H2O + CH3COOH

NMP

H2


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2,3 dichloro-5-

trifluoromethyl)

pyridine

659 320 CO2 to Scrubber

NMP 2511 10 H2 to atmosphere

KOH 64 713 Effluent to MEE

ethyl acetoacetate 693 2270 Distillate recovery

Water 380

HCl 596

Acetic anhydride 275 935 Distillate recovery

Acetic acid 430

Hydrogen 10


HCl 290 280Residue to

incinerator

1000 CTPE

Total 6688 6688

Mass balance of CTPE

Formation of Step 1

Formation of Step 2

Formation of Step 3


53. Methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-Cyanophenoxy)Pyrimidin-4-yloxy]Phenyl}-3-

Methoxyacrylate


Step-1Acetic anhydride and Trimethyorthoformate is reacted and agitated

with 2-(3H) Benzofuranone to form intermediate 3-(Methoxymethylene)

benzofuran 3(H)-one.

Step-24,6 Dichloropyrimidine and sodium methanoate is added in the

intermediate to form (E)Methl-2[2-(6-chloropyrimidine-4-yl-oxy)phenyl] -3-

methoxypropanoate.

Step-3 (E) Methl-2[2-(6-chloropyrimidine-4-yl-oxy) phenyl] -3-

methoxypropanoate is further agitated with 2 Cynophenol and DMF or K2CO3

to form final product.

Chemical Reaction:

O

OAcetic Anhydride

Trimethyorthoformate O

O

O

CH3

NN

ClCl

NN

OCl

OCH3

OCH3

O

OH

CN

NN

OO

OCH3

OCH3

O

CN

AZST

Step-1st

Step-2nd

Step-3rd

2-(3H)-Benzofuranone 3-(Methoxymethylene)benzofuran-3(H)-one

4,6-Dichloropyrimidine

2-Cyanophenol

(E)-MEthl-2[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4yl-oxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate

NaOMe

DMF / K2CO3

+ 2 CH3

+ NaCl

+ KCl CO2 H2O+ +


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2(3H)-Benzofuranone 482 697 Effluent to MEE

Trimethyl orthoformate 686 162 Effluent to ETP

Acetic anhydride 708 47 Filtered solid to incinerator

Water 774 672 Trimethyl to recovery

sodium methoxide 441 77 Filtered solid to incinerator

4,6-Dichloropyrimidine 577 892 Effluent to MEE

180 Residue to incinerator

2-cynophenol 238 123 Filtered solid to incinerator

Potessium carbonate 4 489 Rec. DMF

DMF 500 571 Effluent to ETP

Water 500 1000 AZST

Total 4910 4910

Mass balance of AZST(methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-

yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate)

Formation of

intermediate-1

Formation of

intermediate-2

Formation of AZST,

Crystallisation,

Filtration and

drying


54. 4-(Methoxy-6-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-Triazin-2-Amine


3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole is reacted with Methanol and Nitroimidazole to form

CMTH.

Chemical Reaction:

N

N

N

O

NH2

F

FF

NH2 NH

NHN + MeOH + O

O

F

FF NaOMe, H2O

C2H4N4 CH4O C3H3F3O2C5H5F3N4O

2 + CF3COONa+ 2 CH3OH

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Methyl

trifluoroacetate575 449 Methanol recovered

Methanol 462 265 Effluent to ETP

2-Cyanoguanidine 80 1000 CMTH

Sodium methoxide 360

Water 235

Total 1714 1714

Formation of Step-1

Mass balance of CMTH


55. (1RS,2SR,5RS;1RS,2SR,5SR)-2-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-5-Isopropyl-1-(1H-

1,2,4-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)Cyclopentanol


Step-1Dimethyl hexanediotate treated with sodium methanoateand Toluene

or DMF to form Ketone Intermediate.

Step-2Ketone Intermediate reacts with toluene forms Methyl 1-(4-

chlorobenzyl)-2-oxocyclopentanacarboxylate.

Step-3Methyl 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxocyclopentanacarboxylate

rearrangement reaction done in presence of sodium methanoate or DMF,

forms C14H14ClNaO3. Isopropylation of the same compound with IPB or KI or

DMF adds the ethyl group in the structure. Followed by Hydrolysis and

Decarboxylation forms 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropylcyclopentanone

(Ketone-IP)

Step-4Ketone-IP treated with TMSOB forms C16H21ClO. This compound

treated with sodium salt forms IPCZ.

Chemical Reaction:

OCOOMe

Cl

COOMe

COOMe

MeONa

Tol / DMF

Cyclisation:-

Step I

dimethyl hexanedioate

O Na

COOMe

Benzylation:-

O Na

COOMe

Cl

Cl

Toluene

+

+ NaCl

2


Step II

Rearrangement Reaction:-

OCOOMe

Cl

methyl 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxocyclop

entanecarboxylate

O

COOMeCl

Na

+MeOHDMF

+NaOMe

O

COOMeCl

Na

Isopropylation Reaction:-

O

COOMe

Cl

CH3

CH3

methyl 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-isopropyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate

+NaBr

KI/DMF

+IPB

Hydrolysis - Decarboxylation:-

O

COOMe

Cl

CH3

CH3

O

Cl

CH3

CH3

2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropylcyclopentanone(Ketone-IP)

+ MeOH+ Na2CO3+ NaOH/Toluene

Step III

O

Cl

CH3

CH3

(Ketone-IP)

2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropylcyclopentanone

O

Cl

CH3

CH3

4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-7-isopropyl-1-oxaspiro[2.4]heptane

TMSOB / t-BuONa / NMP

CH3 CH3

O

Cl

CH3

CH3

N

N

NNa

Sodium salt of 1H-1,2,4-triazole

Cl

CH3

CH3

OH

N

N

N

2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol

(IPCZ)

CH3 CH3


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Toluene 3688 915 Methanol Recovery

Dimethyl Adipate 1177 896 DMF Recovered

Sodium Methoxide 794 4121 NaBr By-product

DMF 1031 2396 Recovered Toluene

Potassium Iodide 45 2146 Effluent to MEE

Isopropyl Bromide 884 612 Effluent to ETP


Sodium Hydroxide 67

p-chlorobenzyl chloride 1050

Sodium salt of 1,2,4-

Triazole 766 1138 N-methyl pyrrolidone

N-methyl pyrrolidone 1185 1287 Effluent to MEE

Sodium tert-butoxide 442 167 LOD to incinerator

TMSOB 1596 899 Effluent to ETP

Water 110 1000 IPCZ

Total 15716 15716

Manufacturing process of IPCZ

Formation of IPCZ

Step-1


56. 1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)Ethanol


2-(2-florophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxirane when reacts with 1,2,4-triazol

and K2CO3 with DMF forms Flutriafol.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

DMF 741 507 Effluent to MEE

1,2,4-Triazole 371 384 Effluent to ETP

Potassium carbonate 17 248 LOD to incinerator

FOX 1153 711 DMF recovery

Water 568 1000 FTL

Total 2850 2850

Mass balance of FTL

Formation of Step 1

+DMF

O

F FNH

NN

1,2,4-TriazoleFlutriafol

OH

F

F

N

N

N

2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxirane

K2CO

3+ K

2CO

3 +

MW 138.2


57. 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-oxirane


Step-12-Florobenzoyl Chloride and fluorobenze are treated with each other in

a closed reactor forms 2,4-Difluorobenzophenone.

Step-22, 4Difluorobenzophenone is further treated with KOH,dimethyl

sulphate and DABCO along with toluene to form FOX.

Chemical Reaction:

F

+

F

O

Cl

F

O

F

Fuorobenzene2-Fuorobenzoyl chloride

2,4'-Difluorobenzophenone

Step I

+ HCl

F

O

F F F

O

2,4'-Difluorobenzophenone 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-oxirane (FOX)

Step II

KOH, DABCO

O

SO

O

O

+ + KCH3SO4+ KOH + H2O

Toluene

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2-fluorobenzoyl Chloride 564 271 HCl By-Product

Fluorobenzene 304

Aluminium Chloride 255

dimethyl sulfoxide 806 401 Recovered toluene

dimethyl sulphate 521 549 Effluent to ETP


DABCO 23 765Dimethyl sulfoxide

recovery

Water 616 1000 FOX

Toluene 412

Total 3577 3577

Mass Balance of FOX

Formation of Step 2

Formation of Step 1


58. (4-Chlorophenyl)Methyl N-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-

Ethanimidothioate


Step-12,4-dichloro aniline and chloroacetyl chloride treated with Na2CO3 and

Toluene, forms IMB-A1. This on further reaction with Toluene and PCl5 forms

IMB-A2.

Step-21-chloro-4-(chloromethyl) benzene and Thiourea agitated with water

forms 4-chlorobenzyl imidothaiocarbamate hydrochloride, which is further

treated with NaOH forms Intermediate. Addition of HCl after the reaction

completes, forms IMB-B.

Step-3C8H5Cl4N reacts with triazole forms amine derivative which is further

treated with Toluene and IMB – B to forms IBCZ.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Cl

Cl NH

O Cl

Mol. F. = C6 H

5 Cl

2 N

(1Z)-2-chloro-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanimidoyl chloride

Cl

Cl NH2+

O

Cl Cl

2,4-dichloroanilinechloroacetyl chloride 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide

Mol. F.= C2 H

2 Cl

2 O

2-chloro-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide

Mol. F.= C8 H

6 Cl

3 N O

+ ClH

PCl5

Cl

Cl N

Cl Cl

Mol. F.= C8 H

5 Cl

4 N

Toluene

Na2CO3/ Toluene

IMB-A1

IMB-A2

Step II

1-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene

Cl

Cl

+ (NH2)2CSOH2

NaOH / H2O

Cl

S Na

Cl

SH

(4-chlorophenyl)methanethiol

Mol. F. C7 H

6 Cl

2

Mol. F = C7 H

7 Cl S

ClH

NH

NH2

Cl

S

4-chlorobenzyl imidothiocarbamate Hydrochloride

+

NH2

NH2O

urea

IMB-B


Step III

Cl

Cl N

Cl Cl N

H

N

N

Cl N

N N

N

N

N N

Cl

N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(1Z)-1,2-di-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylethylidene]amine

Cl

SH

CH3CN / Toluene

Cl

S

Cl

N

NN

N

Cl

4-chlorobenzyl (1Z)-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanimidothioate

Mol. Formula = C17

H13

Cl3 N

4 S

Mol. F.= C8 H

5 Cl

4 N

1H-1,2,4-triazole

IMB-C

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

2,4-dichloroaniline 358 538 Recycled Toluene

Chloro Acetyl Chloride 345 311 Effluent to ETP

Sodium Carbonate 43 692 Intermediate-1

Phosphorous

pentachloride240

Toluene 555

Stage-II

1-Chloro-4-

(chloromethyl) benzene405 721 Effluent to ETP

CS.(NH2)2 220 655 Intermediate-2

HCl 35

NaOH 114

Water 602

1,2,4-Triazole 232 184 Toluene -recycle

Intermediate-1 (Stage-I) 692 1121 Effluent to MEE

Intermediate-2 (Stage-

II)655 331

Cyanomethane

recycle

Cyanomethane 338 1000 IBCZ

Water 531

Toluene 188

Total 5553 5553

Mass Balance of IBCZ ((4-chlorophenyl)methyl N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-

1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanimidothioate))

Formation of

intermediate-1

Formation of

intermediate-2

Formation of IBCZ


Fine Chemicals

59. 2-Amino-3-Chlorobenzoic Acid Methyl Ester


Step-1Ammonia gas along with MeOH agitated in reactor to form an

intermediate product 3-CAA.

Step-23-CAA then treated with K2CO3 and TBAB to form ACBM final Product.

Chemical Reaction:

OHO

NH2

Cl

OHO

Cl

Cl

OO

NH2

Cl

OHO

NH2

Cl

+ S

O

O

O O

(DCBA) (3-CAA)

(3-CAA) (ACBM)

K2CO3, TBAB

Step I

Step II

+ 2 NH + NH4Cl

+ S O

O

O

OH

NH3 / MeOH

CuCl (cat.)

MIBK

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2,3 dichloro benzoic

acid638 50

LOD to

incinerator

copper chloride 4 1400 Effluent to MEE

ammonia 571

Water 664

hydrochloric acid 53

MIBK 1360 1333 recovered MIBK

Dimethyl Sulphate 144 394 Effluent to ETP

TBAB 108 1000 ACBM

pottassium carbonate 4

Water 630

Total 4177 4177

Mass Balance of ACBM

Formation of Step

1

Formation of Step

2


60. 5-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol


Aminoguanidinebicarbonate is agitated with Ammoniumthiocyanate forms

intermediate hydrazinecarboximidamide. HCl is added further to this

intermediate to form 2-carbamimidoylhydrazinecarbothioamide. Then NaOH is

mixed with this to produce final product 5-amino1, 2, 4 triazole-3-thiol (AMT).

Chemical Reaction:

NH

NH

NH2

NH2

.H2CO3 + NH4SCN

Ammoniumthiocyanate

NH2

NH

NH NH2 HSCN

hydrazinecarboximidamide

HCl

NH2

NH

NH

NH S

NH2

NaOHN

NH

N

NH2

SH

5-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol

(AMT)

2-carbamimidoylhydrazinecarbothioamide

Aminoguanidine bicarbonate

F.W =136.10F.W =76.12

F.W =133.17

HCl

F.W =169.63

F.W =116.14

+ NH3 + CO2

++ NH4ClH2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Aminoguanidine

Bicarbonate570 600 Effluent to MEE

Ammonium

Thiocynate510 365 Effluent to ETP

Water 880 84 LOD to incinerator

HCl 42 1000 AMT

Caustic Soda 47

Total 2049 2049

Manufacturing process of AMT

Formation of Step 1


61. 1-(Tetrahydropyran-4-yl)Ethanone


Step-1Methylacetoacetate and DMF is agitated with Bis (2-Chloroethyl) ether

to form ATHC mixture as intermediate.

Step-2This Intermediate is further dissolved in aqueous H2SO4 solution form

final Product ATHP.

Chemical Reaction:

O

O

O

OCl

OCl +

O

O

O

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Methyl acetoacetateATHC

+ + KCl + KIDMF

Potassium carbonate

Potassium Iodide

K2CO3

O

O

O

O

O

O

ATHC ATHP

Aq. H2SO4 + H

O

O

CH3

methyl formate

+ H2SO4

Sulphuric acid

Sodium bicarbonateEDC

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Bis dichloro

diethylether1096 1639 DMF recycled

DMF 1707 259Residue to

incinerator

Potassium

carbonate99 93

Solid to

incinerator

Potassium Iodide 22

Methyl

Acetoacetate599

H2SO4 192 1083 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 555 984 EDC recycled

Sodium

bicarbonate5 222

Residue to

incinerator

EDC 1004 1000 ATHP

Total 5280 5280

Mass Balance of ATHP

Formation of ATHC

Formation of ATHP


62. 4-Chloro-2,6-DimethylAniline


Chlorination of 2,6- DimethylAniline with H2SO4, EDC NaOH will produce

CDMA.

Chemical Reaction:

NH2

+ H2SO4 + Cl Cl

Cl

NH2

2,6-dimethylaniline

+ HCl

(CDMA)

+ii) 2 NaOH

Na2SO4 + 2H2O

i) EDC

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

2,6-Dimethylaniline 990 236 HCl Recovered

EDC 1580 880 Effluent to MEE

Sulphuric Acid 778 530 Effluent to ETP

Caustic 25 1533 Distilled EDC recovered

Chlorine Gas 194 124 Distilled DMA recovered

Water 737 1000 CDMA

Total 4303 4303

Mass Balance of CDMA

Formation of Step 1


63. 4-Chloro 2, 6-Dimethyl-Bromo Benzene


Step-12,6 – Dimethylaniline and H2SO4 is chlorinated in a reactor by adding

the chlorine gas in presence of EDC produce CDMA bisulfate salt.

Step–2The Salt is further reacted with NaNO2 along with Hydrobromide

produce CDMB.

Chemical Reaction:

NH2

+ H2SO4 + Cl Cl

Cl

NH3

+

2,6-dimethylaniline CDMA (bisulfate salt)

EDC

-HSO4

+ HCl

Step I

+ NaNO2 + HBr

Cl

Br

CDMB

Cl

NH3

+ -HSO4

CDMA (bisulfate salt)

+ NaBrN2 +

Step II

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

EDC 1353 760 HCl by-product

2,6-Dimethyl Aniline 593 1312 Recovered EDC

Sulphuric Acid 585

Chlorine Gas 625

Hydrobromic Acid 189 661 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Nitrite 597 732 Effluent to ETP

Water 822 242N2 Gas to Wet

scrubber

57Residue to

Incinerator

1000 CDMB

Total 4764 4764

Formation of Step 2

Formation of Step 1

Mass Balance of CDMB


64. 1-Cyclopropy-2(2fluorophenyl) Ethanone


Isopropyl chloride and magnesium metal forms Isopropyl Magnesium chloride.

This solution is further reacted with 2-Floro Toluene to form an Intermediate.

The intermediate is further treated with CPCM and hydrochloric acid to form

CPFK.

Chemical Reaction:

CH3

F

+H3CO

O

O

F

CPFK

+ CH3OH + 2MgCl2

+ CO2

CPCM

+CH3

CH3CH3 CH3

MgCl

+

CH3 CH3

MgCl

CH3 CH3

Cl

Isopropyl magensium chlorideIsopropyl chloride

Propane

Methanol Magenisum Chloride

Carbondioxide

+ Mg+

Magensium Metal

+ 2HCl

Isopropyl magensium chloride

Hydrochoric acid

2

2-Fluoro Toluene

F

Mg --Cl

F

Mg --Cl

2

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Magnesium

Turnings38

2-Chloropropane 2450

2-Fluoro Toluene 521 42Propane Gas

incineration

CPCM 460 606 Effluent to MEE

HCl 102 1661 HCl by-product

DM Water 680 601

Methanol

Recovered

340 Effluent to ETP

1000 CPFK

Total 4250 4250

Formation of CPFK

Formation of Step-1

Mass balance of CPFK

Formation of Step-2


65. N,N'-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)EthyleneDiamine


Ethylenediamine treated with 2-chloroethanol in presence of sodium

carbonate forms the product.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Ethylene Diamine 1498 1438Ethylene Diamine

Recovered

2-Chloro Ethanol 1344 503 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Carbonate 7 554 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 646 1000 DAEEA

Total 3495 3495

Mass balance of DAEEA

Formation of

DAEAA

OHNH

NHOH

DAEEA

NH2NH2 OH

Cl

+Ethylenediamine 2-chloroethanol

Na2CO32+ 2 NaCl H

2O CO

2+ ++Sodium

carbonateSodium chloride


66. 2,3-Dichloro-5-(Trichloromethyl)Pyridine


Step-1Nicotinic Acid is react with chlorine gas and PCl3 in auto clave to form

2,3-dichloro-5-(trochloromethyl pyridine).

Step-22,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl) pyridine treated with hydrogen

fluoride in auto clave to form final product 2,3-dichloro-5-(trifloromethyl)

pyridine (DCTFP).

Chemical Reaction:

N

O

OH

N

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Nicotinic acid

3 Cl PCl3 HF

N

F

F

F

Cl

ClAutoclave

Step Step

2,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine

2,3-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

Autoclave + POCl3

+ HCl

+ H2O

+ 3

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Phosphorous

Trichloride1549 120 HCl By-product

Nicotinic Acid 347 1494 Distilled recovered

Chlorine 528 183 Effluent to MEE

Water 483

AHF 565 844 Effluent to ETP

Water 524 355 HCL by-product

1000 DCTFP

Total 3996 3996

Formation of Step

1

Formation of Step

2

Mass balance of DCTFP


67. 2, 2-Dimethyl-5-Hydroxymethyl-1, 3-Dioxane


Step-1Ethanol, Sodium pieces and p-Formaldehyde are reacted together with

Diethylmalonate which form a mass. This mass is treated with Sulphuric acid

there by producing the first intermediate DHM.

Step-2The intermediate obtained in 1st step is treated with Triethyl Ortho

Formate successively thrice and addition of Acetone thereafter gives the

intermediate product DDD.

Step-3Dimethyl sulfoxide, Water and Sodium Chloride are charged in the

above mass and agitated producing another intermediate DCD.

Step-4The above intermediate is treated with a mixture of Diethyl Ether,

Lithium Aluminum Hydride. Adding water and ether to the reaction mass

gives the crude form of DHD. The crude mass is then distilled to obtain final

product DHD.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

COOC2H5

COOC2H5OH

OHCOOC2H5

COOC2H5

Diethylmalonate

CH2O+ 2

DHM

Step II

COOC2H5

COOC2H5

O

O

CH3

CH3

COOC2H5

COOC2H5OH

OH

DHM

+

CH(OC2H5)3+

TEOF

COOC2H5

COOC2H5

O

O

H5C2O

DDD Int

+ 2 C2H5OH

DDD Int

COOC2H5

COOC2H5

O

O

H5C2O

DDD Int Acetone

CH3 CH3

O

DDD

HCOOC2H5+


Step III

COOC2H5

O

O

CH3

CH3

COOC2H5

COOC2H5

O

O

CH3

CH3 + C2H5OH CO2+

DDD

+ H2ODMSO

DCD

Step IV

COOC 2H5

O

O

CH3

CH3

LiAlH4

DCD

+4H2O

LAH

O

O

CH3

CH3

CH2OH

DHD

+ C2H5OH + LiOH + Al(OH)3 + 2H2

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Methanol 918 895 Methanol-recovered

Triethyl Ortho Formate 888 678 Acetone recovery

Sodium Bisulphate 108 851 Recovered Toluene

Acetone 714 250 CO2


Water 842 1354 Dimethyl sulfoxide recovery

Dimethyl sulfoxide 829 93 Hydrogen gas

Sodium chloride 440 317 Effluent ETP

Lithium aluminium hydride 265 754 Solid to solid Incinerator

KOH 20 458 Residue to Incinerator

Paraformaldehyde 628 1000 DHD

Diethylmalonate 1522

Total 8043 8043

Manufacturing process of DHD

Formation of DHD


68. 4, 4-Dimethoxy-2-Butanone


Step-1Methyl Formate charged with sodium methoxide and methyl formate

forms Sodium Formyl Acetone.

Step-2Sodium Formyl acetone is further treated with methanol and H2SO4

and the methanol is added slightly along the wall of the reactor in reaction.

Agitation of the mass gives the final product DMB.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

H O

O

+O O

ONa

O

O

O

MeOH

MeOH

(Methyl formate)(Sodium formyl acetone)

(DMB)

CH-

O

O

Na+

O

ONa

(Sodium formyl acetone)

++ NaOCH3 2 CH3

2 CH3+

Step II

+ H2SO4 NaHSO4+ + H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Methanol 851 717Wet cake to

incineration


Methyl formate 905 834 Methanol Recovered

Acetone 640

NaOCH3 349

Methanol 2553 188Wet cake to

Incineration


H2SO4 123 2489 Methanol recycled

238Residue to

Incineration

1000 DMB

Total 6516 6516

Mass balance of DMB

Formation of Step 1

Formation of DMB


69. 2-Ethyl-2-MethylButanoic Acid


Step-1Propionitrile and Ethyl Bromide treated with sodamide in presence of

THF forms 2-Ethyl 2-Methyl Butyronitrile.

Step-22-Ethyl 2-Methyl butyronitrile reacts with water and H2SO4 to form

final product Ethyl Methyl Butanoic Acid (EMBA)

Chemical Reaction:

+ CH3 Br

CH3

CH3

CH3

N

THF

COOH

CH3

CH3

CH3

2-Ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid

Step I

Propionitrile

2-Ethyl-2-methyl butyronitrile

CH3

N

Ethyl bromide+ 2NaBr + 2NH3

+ NH3

+ Na NH2

Sodamide

2

CH3

CH3

CH3

NH OH+

2

2-Ethyl-2-methyl butyronitrile

2

Step II

H2SO

4

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Sodamide 583 1701 Recovered THF

Propionitrile 324 236 NH3 by-product

Ethyl Bromide 809 872 Effluent to MEE

Water 339 310Effluent to

Incinerator

THF 1727

Sulphuric Acid 553 739 Effluent to ETP

Water 658 49Residue to

incinerator

86 NH3 By-product

1000 EMBA

Total 4993 4993

Formation of Step-1

Formation of EMBA

Mass balance of EMBA


70. MonoMethylHydrazine


Hydrazine Hydrate treated with Methyl chloride with NaOH forms MMH.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Chloroform 1548 861 Residue to Incinerator


Caustic Lye 1116 1909 UDMH

Water 1331 1227 SDMH

1000 MMH

Total 5496 5496

Mass balance of MMH

Formation of Step 1

NH2 NH2 + CH3

Cl

NaOH

NH2 NH

CH3 + NaCl + H2O

Hydrazine hydrate

Methylchloride MMH


71. 10-H Phenothiazine


Diphenylamine and Sulphur reacts with each other and forms 10H-

phenothiazine.

Chemical Reaction:

NH

S

NH

+ + H2S

diphenylamine10H-phenothiazine

SulphurHydrogen sulphide gas

2 S

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Diphenylamine 899 178

H2S Scrubbed in

Caustic solution and

converted to NaSH

byproduct

Sulphur 352 63Solid waste to

incineration


1000 10-H Phenothiazine

Total 1802 1802

Mass balance of 10-H Phenothiazine

Formation of Step 1


72. 3-Phenoxy Benzaldehyde


Step-1Benzaldehyde along with mixture of bromine and chlorine gas forms

MBB.

Step-2MBB with 1, 2 ethenediolin an agitation reaction forms MBBA.

Step-3MBBA and Phenol reacts with each other forms mass which on further

reacting with KOH and CuCl forms MPBA.

Step-4MPBA is dissolved in water and treated with H2SO4to obtain the

product MPB.

Chemical Reaction:

Step-I

benzaldehyde3-chlorobenzaldehyde3-bromobenzaldehyde

HO

+ Br2 + Cl2HCl

HO

Br

HO

Cl

+ +

MBB

+ HBr2

3-bromobenzaldehyde

HO

Br

+

OH

OH

MEGBr

O

O

+ H2O

MBBA

Step-II

O

O

OBr

O

O

MBBA

+

OH

phenol

+ KOH

CuCl

+ KBr + H2O

MPBA

Step-III


O

O

O

MPBA

+ H2O

H2SO4

O

H

O

3-phenoxybenzaldehyde

+OH

OH

MEG

Step-IV

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Benzaldehyde 139 121 HCl by-product

Bromine 13 86 HBr By-product

Chlorine 46 357 Effluent to ETP

HCl solution 705 4031,2-Ethanediol (MEG)

Recovery

1,2-Ethanediol (MEG) 652 1200 Recovered MEG


Phenol 605 1000 MPB

Water 1059

Caustic Lye 185

H2SO4 33

Formic Acid 9

Thio Sloution 357

Soda sloution 7

Total 4207 4207

Manufacturing process of MPB

Formation of MPB


73. Phosgene

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Catechol 1

Carbon Monoxide 29 Waste Charcoal 2

Chlorine gas 72 Phosgen 100

Total 102 102

Mass Balance of Phosgen

Reaction Vessels


Pyrazoles

74. N-{3-Isobutyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)

Ethyl]phenyl}-1,3,5- Trimethyl Pyrazole -4- Carboxylic Amide


Step-1IBA and RFI react with each other along with sodium hydrosulfite and

potassium carbonate forms intermediates PRFA and ORFA.

Step-2PRFA is then treated with zinc chloride and sodium methoxide, which

forms HFMA.

Step-3HFMA and TMC along with NMP and sodium methoxide forms mass of

PAN.

Step-4PAN and IBC combine with toluene and sodium hydride forms PFD.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

NH2

CH3

CH3

NH2

CH3

CF 3

F3C

FCH3

+F3C

F3C

I

F

2 Na 2S2O4

2 K 2CO 3

+

NH2

CH3

CH3

F3C F

CF 3

+ 2 KI + 2 KHCO 3 + 2 Na 2SO4+ SO2

IBA RFIPRFA ORFA

2 2

Step II

NH2

CH3

CF3

F3C

FCH3

NH2

CH3

CF3

F3C

OCH3

CH3

ZnCl2

3 CH3ONa + NaF

2 H2O

Zn (OH )2+

PRFA HFMA

+2 MeOH+ 2NaCl

Step III

N

N

CH3

CH3

CH3

O

O

CH3

NH

CH3

F3

C

CF3O

CH3

N

N CH3

CH3

CH3

O

CH3

+

NH2

CH3

CF 3

F3C

OCH3

CH3

CH3ONa

PAN

+ 2 CH 3OH + NaOH

HFMA TMC

H2O

NMP


Step IV

NH

CH3

F3C

CF 3O

CH3

N

N CH3

CH3

CH3

O

CH3

N

CH3

F3C

CF 3O

CH3

N

N CH3

CH3

CH3

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

O

CH3 CH3

O Cl

+

Toluene

IBCPFDPAN

+ NaCl + H2

NaH

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Potassium Carbonate 7 1108 Salt to Incinerator

Sodoium bisulphate 36 446 Effluent to ETP

IBA 381 482 Ethyl Acetate to Recovery

Ethyl Acetate 492 954 Effluent to MEE

Sodium Methoxide 243 474 NMP Recovery

Zinc Chloride 34 761 Recoverd Toluene

Water 1290 1000 PFD

NMP 489

TMC 259

Sodium Methoxide 80

Toluene 786

NaH in Paraffin 48

Isobutyryl chloride 133

RFI 947

Total 5225 5225

Formation of PFD

Manufacturing process of PFD


75. 4-Chloro-N-[[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)Phenyl]Methyl]-3-Ethyl-1-Methyl-

1H-Pyrazole-5-Carboxamide


4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-mehtyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloride is agitated with 1-

(4-tertbutylphenyl) methanamine and NaOH which gives product TBNF.

Chemical Reaction:

CH3

N

N

CH3

Cl

O

Cl

4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloride

+

CH3CH3

CH3

NH2

1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)methanamine

CH3 N N

CH3

Cl O

NH

CH3

CH3

CH3

N-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

NaOH+ NaCl + H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-

methyl-1H-pyrazole-

5carbonyl Chloride

1081 674 Residue to Incinerator

1-(4-tert-

butylphenyl)methanami

ne



Water 826 1000 TBFN

Total 2585 2585

Mass balance of TBFN (4-chloro-N-[[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-

1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide)

Formation of

intermediate-1


76. Tolfenpyrad


Step-1Methylethyl Ketone reaction with diethyl ethanedioate, Sodium

Ethoxideand HCl in Toluene forms intermediate DKE.

Step-2DKE is further treated with Hydrazine Hydrate in toluene forms EPE.

Step-3EPE along with dimethyl sulfate, Sodiumhypochlorite, Sodium

Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid forms EMCA.

Step-44-methylphenol and 4-chlorobenzonytrile and sodium hydroxide with

Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) forms TOBN.

Step-5Hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through mass of TOBN with solvent

methanol. This reaction gives TOBA.

Step-6Reaction of EMCA (obtained in step-3), thionyl chloride, Sodium

Hydroxide and TOBA in solvent Toluene forms final product TLF.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CH3

CH3

O+

O

O

OC2H5

OC2H5

CH3

O O

O

O CH3

Methylethyl ketone

M F = C4H

8O

F W = 72.10

diethyl ethanedioate

M F = C6H

10O

4

F W = 146.14

( DKE)

M F = C8H

12O

4

F W = 172.17

+++ +C2H5ONa HCl

Solvent: Toluene

C2H5OH NaCl

Step II

CH3

O O

O

O CH3

( DKE)


12O

4


+ NH

N

CH3

O

O

CH3hydrazine hydrate

Molecular Formula = H6N

2O


+

( EPE)


12N

2O

2


NH2NH2 . H2O 3 H2OSolvent: Toluene

Step III

N

N

CH3

CH3

O

OH

Cl

NH

N

CH3

O

O

CH3

( EPE)


12N

2O

2


+dimethyl sulfate


6O

4S


+ +

(EMCA)

M F = C7H

9ClN

2O

2

F W = 188.61

+(CH3)2SO4 NaOCl 2 NaOH HCl + CH3OH C2H5OH+ + Na2SO4 + NaClH2O +Solvent: water


Step IV

CH3

OH

+

Cl

CN

O

CNCH3

4-methylphenol


8O


4-chlorobenzonitrile


4ClN


++

(TOBN)


H11

NO


+NaOHNaCl H2O

Solvent: DMF

Step V

O

CNCH3

+

4-(4-methylphenoxy)benzonitrile (TOBN)


H11

NO


H2

O

CH3NH2

1-[4-(4-methylphenoxy)phenyl]methanamine ( TOBA)


H15

NO

Formula Weight = 213.275Molecular Formula = H

2


Hydrogen Gas

2Solvent: methanol

Step VI

O

H3CNH2

N

N

CH3Cl

OH

OCH3

N

N

CH3

Cl

NH

OCH3

O

CH3

TLF

+ +

thionyl dichloride

Molecular Formula = Cl2OS



9ClN

2O

2


+

+

+


H22

ClN3O

2


+

SOCl2 2NaOH

EMCATOBA

SO2 2 NaCl 2 H2O

Solvent: Toluene


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 246 665 Salt to Solid incineration

Diethyl Ethanedioate 489 1233 Effluent to MEE


Water 1184 784 Toluene recovered

Toluene 817 943 EMCA

4-methyl Phenol 462 166 Residue to Incinerator

4-chloro benzonitrile 850 1161 DMF recovered

NaOH 219 1083 Methanol Recovered

DMF 1222 810 TOBA

DMS 424 236 Mek recovered

Sodium Oxychloride 330

HCl 40

Hydrogen 31

Methanol 1106

Sodium Ethoxide 287

EMCA 943 339 Salt to Incineration

TOBA 810 212 SO2 Scrubbed

Thionyl Chloride 156 788 Effluent to ETP

DM Water 371 1000 TLF

NaOH 58

Total 10396 10396

Formation of TLF

Manufacturing process of TLF(Tolfenpyrad)

Step-1


77. 3-Isobutyl Aniline


Step-1MBC and IBC reacted with each other in an agitation reaction with

addition of aluminum chloride and water forms CIBP.

Step-2Nitration of CIBP with HNO3 forms CNIBP.

Step-3Dechlorination of CNIBP with addition of potassium carbonate with

Hydrogen gas forms AIBP.

Step-4AIBP is treated with hydrazine and potassium hydroxide forms IBA.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Cl

CH3

O

CH3

O2N

Cl

CH3

O

CH3

CIBP

1-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

CNIBP

+ H2O.

HNO3

Step III

CAIBP

O2N

Cl

CH3

O

CH3

NH2

CH3

O

CH3

+NH2

CH3 CH3

OH

+

NH2

CH3 CH3

O

Cl

HIBAAIBPCNIBP

K2CO3,

+ KCl + KHCO3 +

2 H2

4 H

Step IV

NH2

CH3

O

CH3

NH2-NH2.H2O

KOH / DEG

NH2

CH3 CH3

3-Isobutylaniline

AIBP IBA

1-(3-aminophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

+ N2 + 3 H2

Cl

+CH3 CH3

Cl O

AlCl3

Cl

CH3

O

CH3

Chlorobenzene Isobutyroyl chloride 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

CIBP

+

MCB

+ Al( OH )33 H2

IBC

4


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

MCB 695 445 HCl By-product

Aluminium Chloride 539 1466 Effluent to MEE

Fuming Nitric Acid 652 292 Wet Cake to Incinerator

DM Water 1637 477 DEG recovered

Potassium Carbonate 8 1144 Effluent to ETP

Hydrogen gas 26 1000 IBA

Diethylene Gylcol 486

Potassium Hydroxide 125

Hydrazine Hydrate 182

IBC 475

Total 4824 4824

Manufacturing process of IBA

Formation of IBA


78. 3-[[[5-(Difluoromethoxy)-1-Methyl-3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-Pyrazol-

4-yl]Methyl]Sulfonyl]-4,5-Dihydro-5,5-DimethylIsoxazole


Step-1Glyoxalic Acid with Hydroxy amine sulphate forms an intermediate

which on further addition of bromine and sodium carbonate forms n-butyl

acetate solution.

Step-2Then thiourea is added to this solution in HCl gives ITCA solution.

Step-3MTP with formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide gives HTMP which on

further addition of potassium carbonate in acetonitrile gives FMTP in

acetonitrile solution.

Step-4FMTP dissolved in acetonitrile and thionyl chloride forms CMTP. ITCA

and Sodium hydroxide reaction forms SIO in solvent Butyl Acetate. CMTP and

SIO forms ISFPwith solvent Acetonitrile.

Step-5ISFP oxidized with Hydrogen peroxide in solvent acetonitrile forms the

final product Octopussy.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

COOH

CHO

+ (HONH2)2H2SO4

HOOC

N

OH

N

OH

Br Br

+ CO2

Hydroxy amine sulphate

H2O

HIA

Br2

H2OBX

n-Butyl acetate solution

CH3 CH3

CH2

Na2CO3

ON CH

3

CH3

Br


BIO

Step-A :BX

Step-B :BIO

Glyoxalic acid

+NaBr

Na2CO3


Step II

Step III

Step IV

N

N

F3C

OCHF2

CH3

OH

FMTP

Acetonitrile solution

N

N

F3C

OCHF 2

CH3

CMTP

SOCl2

ONCH3

C H3S

NH2

NH

HBr

ITCA

ONCH3

CH3NaS

SIO

NN

F3C

OCHF2

CH3

S

N

OCH3

CH3

ISFP

Acetonitrile solutionaq. solutionaq. solution

Cl

NaOH

+ HCl + SO2

Step V

O N C H 3

C H 3 Br

+


BIO

N H 2 N H 2

S

Thiourea

O N C H 3

C H 3 S

N H 2

N H HBr

ITCA aq. Solution

HCl

+

N

N

F3C

ONa

CH3

OH

N

N

F3C

OH

CH3

N

N

F3C

OCHF 2

CH3

OH

MTP HMTP

Aq. solution

CHF 2Cl / K 2CO 3

Acetonitrile

FMTP

Acetonitrile solution

HCHO

NaOH

NN

F3C

OCHF2

CH3

S

O

N

CH3

CH3

ISFP

NN

F3C

OCHF2

CH3

S

O

N

CH3

CH3

O

O

Octopussy

2H2O

2 + 2H2O+

Acetonitrilre


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Hydroxyl amine sulfate 250 23 CO2 to caustic scrubber

DM Water 1332 901 NaBr By-product

Sodium carbonate 82 262 Effluent to ETP

Butyl acetate 1141 727 HBr by-product

Thiourea 270 1947 ITCA

HCl soln. 45 1096 n-Butyl Acetate

NaOH 212 963 Acetonitrile recovered

MTP 389 983 FMTP

formaldehyde 142

Acetonitrile 983

K2CO3 31

Difluorochloromethane 263

Bromine 1007

Glyoxalic acid 753

NaOH solution 811 997 Effluent to MEE

118 SO2

67 HCl

FMTP 983

ITCA 1947 1275 Effluent to ETP

Thionyl chloride 254

NaOH. 74

H2O2 69 298 Effluent to ETP


ACN 262 254 Recycled ACN

993 Effluent to MEE

1000 Octopussy

Total 11896 11896

Formation of

Octopussy

Manufacturing process of Octopussy(3-[[[5-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-

pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole)

Formation of Step-1

Formation of Step-2

to caustic

Scrubber


79. 3-[1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-Methylethyl]-3,4-Dihydro-6-Methyl-5-

Phenyl-2H-1,3-Oxazin-4-one


Step-1DCT reacts with acetyl chloride & aluminum chloride and forms

DCMACP.

Step-2DCMACP is then treated with sodium hypochlorite and HCl forms

DCMBA.

Step-3Then thionyl chloride is added to DCMBA, which forms DCMBC.

Step-4FurtherDCMBC and 1,3 Dimethyl 5-pyrazolone is treated with TEA

forms MY-71-OH.

Step-5DCMHP treated with 2-Chloro-1-(4-methyl phenyl)ethanone along with

K2CO3 forms final product MY-71.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

ClCl

CH3

CH3

ClCl

CH3

O

2,6-dichlorotoluene (DCT) 1-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl)

ethanone (DCMACP)

AlCl3

3 H2O + HCl + Al(OH)3

CH3 Cl

O

+

acetyl chloride

+ +

Step II

CH3

ClCl

OH

O

2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzoic acid(DCMBA)

CH3

ClCl

CH3

O

3 NaOCl+ CHCl

3 + 2 NaOH

+

1-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl)ethanone

+ HCl+ NaCl

Step III

CH3

ClCl

Cl

O

2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzoyl chloride(DCMBC)

CH3

ClCl

OH

O

2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzoic acid(DCMBA)

SOCl2

+ SO2 + HCl

+

Step IV

CH3

ClCl

Cl

O

2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzoyl chloride (DCMBC)

+

1,3-dimethyl -5-pyrazolone

NN

CH3

CH3

ON

N

CH3

CH3

Cl

CH3

Cl

O

OH

(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl)(5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-

1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone (MY-71-OH)

+ TEA. HCl

TEA


Step V

Cl

CH3

ClN

N

CH3

CH3

O

O

O

CH3

Cl

CH3

ClN

N

CH3

CH3

OH

O

(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl) (5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-

pyrazol-4-yl)methanone

(DCMHP)

+

CH3

ClO

2-Chloro-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanone

K2CO3

MY-71

+ KCl + KHCO3+

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

AlCl3 901 296 Effluent to ETP

Sodium Hypochlorite 99 239 HCl By-product

Hydrochloric Acid 45 676 Al(OH)3 Recovered

Potassium carbonate 97 99 SO2 + HCl scrubber spent

SOCl2 276 1356 Effluent to MEE

Caustic 362 1333 Effluent to Incinerator

1,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone 296 1000 MY71

Triethyl Amine 193

Water 1294

2,6- Dichloro Toluene 496

Acetyl Chloride 940

Total 4999 4999

Formation of MY 71

Manufacturing process of MY 71


80. 1-Methyl-3-(Trifluromethyl)1H-Pyrazol-5-ol


Step-1Ethyl trifluoro acetate and Ethyl acetate forms ETFAA in reaction with

HCl Gas and Sodium ethanoate.

Step-2ETFAA treated with Methylhydrazin and acetic acid to form MTP.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

F3C O CH3

O

+ CH3 O CH3

O

ethyl trifluoroacetate ethyl acetate

F3C O

O O

CH3

ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate

ETFAA

ETFA

NaOEt

Hydrochloric acid gas

+ 2 C2H5OH + NaCl

Step II

CH3

NH

NH2

N

N

F3C

OH

CH3CH3 OH

O

MTP

1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ol

C2H5OH+ H2O+F3C O

O O

CH3

ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate

ETFAA

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Ethyl Acetate 1920 1730Recovered Ethyl

Acetate

ETFA 618 160 Recovered ETFA

Sodium Ethoxide 313 737 Effluent to MEE

HCl 348 17 Salt to Incinerator

Acetic Acid 521 612Recovered MMH

recycle

Monomethyl

Hydrazine541 487

Recovered ETFA

recycle


1000 MTP

Total 4949 4949

Mass balance of MTP

Formation of MTP

Formation of MTP


81. 1,3-Dimethyl-5-Chloro-4-PyrazolylCarboxylic Acid Chloride


Step-1DMPO is reacted with POCl3 and DMF in water and agitation gives

CDPC.

Step-2CDPC is further oxidized with H2O2 along with NaOH and HCl, which at

the end forms CDPA.

Step–3CDPA in a solution of DMF and Toluene reacts with thionyl chloride

and forms final product DCPA.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Step II

Step III

NN

CH3

CH3

O NN

CH3

CH3 H

O

ClDMF

DMPO CDPC

+ NH

CH3

CH3

Dimethylamine hydrochloride

+ POCl3 + .HCl + H

3PO

4

H2O

NN

CH3

CH3

Cl

CHO

NN

CH3

CH3

Cl

COOH

CDPC CDPA

NaCl+ + 2 H2O+ + NaOHH

2O

2 + HCl

NN

CH3

Cl

CH3

COOH

Toluene

CDPA

NN

CH3

Cl

CH3

COCl

DCPA

+ +SOCl2+

DMF

SO2

HCl


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

DPMO 384 220 Effluent to ETP

DMF 985 935 DM.HCl Recocvered

POCl3 626

Water 1278

NaOH 164

NaOH 135 1809 Effluent to MEE


HCl 65

Caustic Solution 481 488 Scrubber spent to MEE

SO2+ HCl

Toluene 998 979Recovered Toluene-

recycled

DMF 6 465 Residue to incinerator

SOCl2 461 1000 DCPA

Total 5896 5896

Formation of Step

1

Formation of Step

2

Mass balance of DCPA

Formation of Step

3

6.83


82. 3,4-Dichloro-5-FluoroBiphenyl-2-Amine


Step-1Magnesium turning, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Grignard, and BDB

solution in THF are agitated in a reactor which forms a mass. TMB solution in

THF is reacted with this mass and agitated with Sulphuric Acid, Water and

Sodium Chloride forming Boronic Acid suspension in water.

Step-2Above intermediate is treated with 2-Bromo-4-fluoroaniline; this

mixture is agitated and addition of K3PO4 in toluene produce final product

CFPA.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Cl

Cl

Br

THF

Toluene,

H2SO4, 3H2OCl

Cl

B

OHOH

4-bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene BDB-Boronic acid

+ Mg

OH

Br+ 3CH3OH+ Mg TBM+

Step II

3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-amine

Cl

Cl

B

OHOH

BDB-Boronic acid

Cl

Cl

NH2

F

+NH2

Br

F

2-bromo-4-fluoroaniline

Toluene, water

+ KBr + B(OH) 3+ K2HPO 4K3PO4+

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Magnesium turnings 16 605 Effluent to MEE

THF 1134 258 Residue to incinerator

BDB 688 245 Toluene Recovered

TMB 671 1065 THF recovered

Sulphuric Acid 140

Toluene 266

Water 622

2-bromo-4-

fluoroaniline

556 392 Effluent to incinerator

K3PO4 30 1028 Effluent to ETP

Toluene 243 220 Toluene recycled

Water 447 1000 CFPA

Total 4813 4813

Mass balance of CFPA (3,4-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-amine)

Formation of BDB

Boronic Acid

Preparation of CFPA


83. 3-(Difluoro Methyl)-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid


Step-1Ethyl 4,4-difluro 3-Oxo butanoate, trimethyl orthoformate and acetic

anhydride are agitated in reactor and forming Ethyl 4,4 difluro -2-

(methoxymethylidene)-3-oxobutenoate mixture.

Step-2Ethyl 4,4 difluro -2-(methoxymethylidene)-3-oxobutenoate mixture is

again mixed with Mono methyl hydrazine in presence of acetone and HCl

forms a Mass. NaOH and H2SO4 is added in to that mass and after reaction

further SOCl2 is added and agitated producing the final product ACH.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CHF2 OC2H5

O O

+H3CO

H3CO

H3CO H +CH3

O

CH3

O

O2

CHF2 OC2H5

O O

OCH3

+ 2 CH3COOH 2 CH3COOMe+

ethyl 4,4-difluoro-2-(methoxymethylidene)-3-oxobutanoate

Acetic acid Methyl acetate

Acetic anhydride

Trimethyl orthoformate

ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate

Step II

MMH

+

F

F

OEt

O O

MeO

CH3

NH

NH2 +F

F

OEt

O O

EtO

(Mixt. of O-Me/Et acrylate)

NN

F

F

CH3

COOC 2H5

NN

F

F

CH3

COOH

PRZ-ester

47%NaOH

40% H2SO4

PRZ

Acetone

30% HCl + NaCl+ Na2SO4

NN

F

F

CH3

O Cl

SOCl2

+SO2+HCl


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-

oxobutanoate374 438 Acetic Acid recycle

Trimethyl Orthoformate 690 783 Effluent to ETP

Acetic Anhydride 551

Water 867

O-Ethyl Acrylate 424 716 Effluent to MEE

Mono Methyl Hydrazine 466 734 Salt to Incinerator

Acetone 406 398 Acetone recovery

HCl 37 146 Effluent to ETP

NaOH 94 104SO2 + HCl Scrubber

spent to MEE

H2SO4 134 1000 ACH

SOCl2 275

Total 4319 4319

Mass balance of ACH (3-(difluoro methyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid)

Formation of

intermediate-1

Formation of ACH


84. 4-Bromo- 1,2-Dichloro Benzene


Aluminum Chloride, dichlorobenzene, and Bromine are charged in a reactor

and agitated forming final product BDB.

Chemical Reaction:

Cl

Cl

+ Br BrAlCl3

Cl

Cl

Br

+ BrH

1,2-dichlorobenzene

bromine

4-bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene

hydrogen bromide

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

ODCB 251 330 Effluent to MEE

AlCl3 18 232 Residue to incinerator

Bromine 1018 209 Effluent to ETP

HCl 44 1000 BDB

Water 351

Na2S2O3 88

Total 1771 1771

Mass balance of BDB

Formation of BDB


85. Difluoro Methyl-N-Methyl Pyrazolic acid


Step-1Ethyl 4,4-difluro-3-oxobutanoate and Trimethyloethoformate along

with Acetic anhydride formsOxobutanol derivative intermediate

Step-2MMH with mixture of O-Me/Et acrylate treated with acetone and HCl

form PRZ Ester which is further forms PRZ after addition of NaOH and H2SO4.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CHF2 OC2H5

O O

+H3CO

H3CO

H3CO H +CH3

O

CH3

O

O2

CHF2 OC2H5

O O

OCH3

+ 2 CH3COOH 2 CH3COOMe+

ethyl 4,4-difluoro-2-(methoxymethylidene)-3-oxobutanoate

Acetic acid Methyl acetate

Acetic anhydride

Trimethyl orthoformate

ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate

Step II

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Ethyl 4,4-difluoro-3-

oxobutanoate371 454 Rec. distillate to MEE

Acetic anhydride 816 500Recovered Acetic

Acid as By-product

Trimethylorthoformat

e448

Acetone 449 777 Effluent to ETP

MMH 475 440 Acetone Recover

Water 467

Aq. HCl 71


Water 495 1000 PRZ

H2SO4 37

Total 3700 3700

Mass balance of PRZ (Difluoro Methyl-N-Methyl Pyrazolic acid)

Formation of PRZ

Formation of

intermediate-2

Formation of

intermediate-1

MMH

+

F

F

OEt

O O

MeO

CH3

NH

NH2 +F

F

OEt

O O

EtO

(Mixt. of O-Me/Et acrylate)

NN

F

F

CH3

COOC 2H5

NN

F

F

CH3

COOH

PRZ-ester

47%NaOH

40% H2SO4

PRZ

Acetone

30% HCl + NaCl+ Na2SO4


Fluorospeciality Products

86. 2,2-DifluoroEthylAmine


2, 2-Difluoro -1-chlorethane and Ammonia react with each other in autoclave

to form 2,2-difloroethyl amine

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

NMP 2272 2204 NMP Recovered

Ammonia 520 417 Effluent to MEE

DFCE 395 333 Effluent to ETP


1000 DFEA

Total 4002 4002

Mass balance of DFEA

Formation of Step 1

F

F

Cl

2,2-Difluoro-1-chlorethane

+ 2 NH3 (gas)

NH2

F

F

2,2-Difluoroethyl amine

NH4Cl+

Ammonia

Autoclave

NMP

Ammonium chloride


Pharma Intermediates

87. Ethyl-4-Methyl-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxylate


Step-1Ethyl acetoacetate and Sulfuryl Chloride reacts and forms Ethyl -2-

chloroacetoacetate.

Step-2Formamide and Phosphorus pentasulfide treated with each other and

THF to form Thioformamide.

Step-3Ethyl -2-chloroacetoacetate and Thioformamideaging treated with THF

to form final product EMTC.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

+

Ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetate

SO2 + HCl

O

OEt

O

+ SO2Cl2

O

OEt

O

Cl

Ethyl acetoaetate Sulfuryl chloride

Step II

H NH2

O

+ P2S5H NH2

S

+ P2O55 5

FormamidePhosphorus pentasulfide Thioformamide

THF

Step III

Ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetate

O

OEt

O

Cl

+H NH2

S

Thioformamide

N

SO

OEt

EMTC

+ HCl + H2O

THF


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Stage-I

Ethyl acetoacetate 1433 701 SO2 to scrubber

Sulfuryl Chloride 1478 400 HCl By-Product

1811 Conc. Mass ECAA

Stage-II

THF 1138 632

Phosphorous

Pentoxide to

Incinerator

Formamide 707 1115 Recovered THF

Phosphorous

Pentasulphide859 958 Thioformamide

Conc. Mass ECAA

(Stage-I)1811 888 Effluent to MEE

THF 1138 1115 THF Recovered

Thioformamide (Stage-

II)958 743 HCl By-product

DM Water 746 340 Residue to Incinerator

566 Effluent to ETP

1000 EMTC

Total 10268 10268

Mass balance of EMTC

Formation of Step-1

Formation of Step-2

Formation of EMTC


Specialty Chemicals

88. Methyl cis-1-[2-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-Acetylamino]-4-Methoxy-

Cyclohexane Carboxylate


Step-1Ammonia gas and Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water forms

Ammonium Carbonate in equilibrium with ammonium carbamate.

Step-24-methoxycyclohexanone treated with NaCN and (NH4)2CO3 in solution

of Water forms Isomers of Hydantoin which is further treated with NaOH

forcis-Isomer of Hydantoi-Na.

Step-3Cis-Isomer of Hydantoi-Na treated with KOH and Water forms Amino

Acid salt.

Step-4Amino Acid is treated with (2,5-dimethylphenyl) acetyl chloride, KOH

and HCl, forms Acid Amide

Step-5Acid amide reaction with methanol, H2SO4 and Chlorobenzene forms

Ester Amide.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

2 NH + CO2 H2O+ (NH4)2CO3

Ammonium carbonate

(FW:96.08)(FW:44.01)(FW:17.03)

Ammonia

H2NCOONH4

Ammonium carbamate

(FW:78.07)

+ H2O

Step II

O

O

+ (NH4)2CO3+NaCN ONH

NH

O

O

ONH

N Na

O

OH2O

NaOH

(FW:128.17) (FW: 49.01) (FW:96.08) (FW:198.22) (FW:220.2)

4-Methoxycyclohexanonecis/trans - Hydantoin cis - Hydantoin -Na

NH4OH+ + NaOH H2O+(35.05) (40) (18.02)

Step III

ONH

N Na

O

O

(FW:220.2)

cis - Hydantoin -Na

+ 2 O

NH2

O

ONa + K2CO3 + NH3

(FW:17.03)

Amino Acid (salt)

(FW:138.21)(FW:195.2)(FW:56.12)

+ H2O

(FW:18.01)

KOH


Step IV

O

NH2

O

ONa

Amino Acid (salt)

+Cl

O

O

NH

O

O OH

+ KCl

(2,5-dimethylphenyl)acetyl chloride

i) KOH

ii) HCl+ NaCl +H2O

(FW:195.2) (FW:182.65) (FW:319.4)

Acid amide

Step V

O

NH

O

OOH

(FW:319.4)

Acid amide

+ CH3OH

O

NH

O

O O

(FW:333.42)

H2SO4

chlorobenzene

Ester amide

(FW:32.04)

+ H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Ammonia 901 1578 Effluent to ETP

Sodium cyanide 162 1212 Effluent to MEE

4-methoxy-cyclohexanone 385

NaOH 96

Water 1515

KOH 163

2,5-Dimethylphenyl acetyl

chloride394

HCl 22

Carbon Dioxide 67

MCB 1700 163 Effluent to MEE

Methanol 173 1659 Distilled MCB recovered

Sulphuric Acid 35 1000 ETMD

Total 5612 5612

Formation of ETMD

Manufacturing process of ETMD

Formation of Step 1


89. 1,1,1,3,3,3-HexafluoroIsopropyl Methyl Ether


Step-1OIME and KOH along with TMAC form intermediate HIME.

Step-2HIME, sodium hypochlorite, NaHCO3, and H2O forms MTTHP.

Step-3MTTHP reacts with dimethyl sulphate along with NaOH and forms

MTTMP.

Step-4NaOH is gradually added to the above reaction mass and agitation of

the same produce TTMP.

Step-5After giving appropriate settling to the above intermediates provides

two isomers of the same and forms HFMOP isomer along with another

isomerOlefine.

Step-6Both isomers are then treated with KF and H2O in addition of DMF

forms HFMOP.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

CF3

F3CO

F

F

CH3

OIME

KOH TMAC

CF3

F3CO

F

CH3

HIME

+ + H2OKF+

Step II

CF3

F3CO

F

CH3

HIME

12%NaClO F3C

F3C

COOCH3

OH

MTTHP

NaFNaCl ++ NaHCO3+ CO2+ H2O++ H2O +

Step III

F3C

F3C

COOCH3

OH

MTTHP

Me2SO4+ NaOH +F3C

F3C

COOCH3

O CH3

MTTMP

+CH3NaSO4 H2O+

Step IV

F3C

F3C

COOCH3

O

CH3

MTTMP

48%NaOH

F3C

F3C

COONa

O

CH3

TTMP

+ CH3OH+


Step V

F3C

F3C

COONa

O

CH3

TTMP

H2O

CF3

F3C OCH3

HFMOP

O

CF3

F

CH3

F

Olefine

+NaHCO3

+NaF CO2+ H2O+

+ DMF

HFMOP+Olefine in DMF Solution

Step VI

+KF

CF3

F3C OCH3

HFMOPO

CF3

F

CH3

F

Olefine

+ H2O + KOH

+

CF3

F3C OCH3

HFMOP

HFMOP+Olefine in DMF Solution

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg


OIME 1983 1404 Methanol_Recover

Sodium Bicarbonate 44 416 Residue to Incineration

Sodium Hypochlorite 60 962 Effluent to ETP

Dimethyl sulfate 927 680 DMF Recovered

Sodium Hydroxide 425 1000 HFMOP

DMF 715

KF 133

TMAC 31

KOH 76

Total 5309 5309

Manufacturing process of HFMOP

Formation of

HFMOP


90. 2,2-Dimethyl-4-Methylene-1,3-Dioxalane


Step-1Acetone and Epichlorohydrin is treated with TBA forms CMDD.

Step-2CMDD on further reaction with KOH forms MDO.

Chemical Reaction:

+

4-(Chloromethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxalane

CMDD

Step I

CH3 CH3

O

Cl

O

ECH

OO

CH3CH3

Cl

Acetone Epichlorohydrin

Tributylamine

+

Potassium Hydroxide

Step II

(KOH) MDO

OO

CH3CH3

Cl

4-(Chloromethyl)-2,2

-dimethyl-1,3-dioxalane

CMDD

K OHOO

CH3CH3

CH2

2,2-dimethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxalane

+ KCl + H2O

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Acetone 981 687Distilled Acetone-

recycled

Epichlorohydrin 1100 364 Effluent to ETP

Tributyl amine 13

Tetra Ethylene

Glycol472 526 Effluent to MEE

KOH 51 97Filtered solid to

Incinerator

DM Water 519 462 TEG recovered

1000 MDO

Total 3136 3136

Formation of Step 2

Formation of Step 1

Mass balance of MDO


91. Chloro Methyl 2-MethylPropanoate


Isobutyryl chlorine and Paraformaldehyde react with each other in an agitator

and form Chloromethyl 2-MethylProponoate.

Chemical Reaction:

Cl

O

CH3

CH3

Cl O

O

CH3

CH3

Isobutyryl chloride

chloromethyl 2-methylpropanoate

(HCHO)n+

Paraformaldehyde

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Isobutyryl Chloride 918 17Wet Cake to

incinerator

Paraformaldehyde 260 177Residue to liquid

incinerator

Anhydrous Zinc

Chloride17 1000 CMIBA

Total 1195 1195

Formation of

CMIBA

Mass balance of CMIBA


92. 2-Chloro-4-(Methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy) Methyl]

Benzoic Acid


AE-014 and TFE are treated with NaOH and acetonitrile along with Dichloro

benzene to forms CMTB.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

AE-014 438 20 H2 to atmosphere

DMF 1463 556 Effluent to MEE

NaH 175 422 Effluent to ETP

Tri Fluoroethanol 878 2042 Toluene recovered

Toluene 2083 200 Residue to Incinerator

NaOH 68 1404 DMF recycled

Water 540 1000 CMTB

Total 5644 5644

Mass balance of CMTB (2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)

methyl] benzoic acid)

Formation of CMTB

Cl

O

OH

Br

S

CH3

O

O

+ OH

F

F

F

Cl

O

OH

O

S

CH3

O

O

F

F

F NaBr

AE-014 TFE

+ + H2

DMF/Toluene

Na+

2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl] benzoic acid


Performance Chemicals

93. 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-Methyl-2-(Morpholin-4-yl)Propan-1-one


Step-1Acylation of Chlorobenzene and 2-methyl propanoyl chloride in

addition of Aluminum Chloride forms CIBP

Step-2Bromination of CIBP along with EDC forms BCIBP.

Step-3BCIBP treated with sodium methanoate forms CIBO.

Step-4A coupling reaction of CIBO with morpholine forms final product PCBM.

Chemical Reaction:

Step I

Cl +CH3

CH3 O

Cl AlCl

Cl

O

CH3

CH3

chlorobenzene 2-methylpropanoyl chloride 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

(CIBP)

+ 4 + Al(OH)3

Step II

Cl

O

CH3

CH3

1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

+ Br Cl

O

CH3

CH3

Br

EDC

2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

(BCIBP)

+ HBr

Step III

Cl

O

CH3

CH3

Br

2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one

NaOMe

Cl O

OMe

CH3 CH3

2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-3,3-dimethyloxirane

(CIBO)

NaBr+

Step IV

Cl O

OMe

CH3 CH3

2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-3,3-dimethyloxirane

+

NH

O

morpholine

Cl

O

CH3

CH3

N

O

1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-1-one

(PCBM)

+ MeOH


Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

MCB 1991 1286 HCl by-product

Aluminum Chloride 1770 1316 Effluent to ETP

1,2-Dichloro Ethane 428 837 HBr By-product

Bromine 1204 698 1,2-Dichloro Ethane-recycled

NaHCO3 76 1032 NaBr By-product

Water 1747 1416 Al(OH)3

Sodium Methoxide 1178

Isobutyryl Chloride 1247

Morpholine 623 543 Methanol-recycled

2136 Effluent to MEE

1000 PCBM

Total 10264 10264

Manufacturing process of PCBM

Formation of Step 1

Formation of PCBM


94. Titanium BiscatecholateMonopyrogallate Sodium Potassium salt


Step-1Mass of catechol and toluene treated with TiCl4 forms Intermediate

mass

Step-2Further thisIntermediate mass is treated with NaOH followed by KOH

and EDTA-H forms Negolyte.

Chemical Reaction:

OH

OH

+ Ti

Cl

ClCl

Cl

+ NaOH + KOH

4HCl + 2

OH

OHOH

+

O

Ti2-

O

OH

O

OHO

OH

O

Ti2-

O

OH

O

OHO

OH

+ EDTA -H

O

Ti2-

O

ONa

O

OKO

OH+EDTA -Na -K

+ 2H2O

H2TiCat2Py

H2TiCat2Py

NaKTiCat2Py

Ticl4

NEGOLYTE

Catechol Toluene

Mass Balance:

Kg Kg

Catechol 883 398 HCl by-product

Toulene 1970 1880 Toluene recycled

Ticl4 517 1438 Effluent to ETP

NaoH 218 1000 Negolyte

KOH 305

DM water 793

EDTA 28

Total 4716 4716

Mass balance of Negolyte

Formation of Negolyte

Annexure-III

Photographs of proposed site

Photographs of the proposed site

A-146

A-147

Annexure-IV

Plot allotment letter

A-148

Annexure-V

EHS policy of the company

A-149

Annexure-VI

Undertaking from project proponent

A-150

Annexure-VII

Material safety data sheet

p. 1

3 1 0

He a lt h

Fire

Re a c t iv it y

Pe rs o n a lPro t e c t io n

2

3

0

H

Material Safety Data SheetAcetone MSDS

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Acetone

Catalog Codes: SLA3502, SLA1645, SLA3151, SLA3808

CAS#: 67-64-1

RTECS: AL3150000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetone

CI#: Not applicable.

Synonym: 2-propanone; Dimethyl Ketone;Dimethylformaldehyde; Pyroacetic Acid

Chemical Name: Acetone

Chemical Formula: C3-H6-O

Contact Information:

Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396

US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400

Order Online: ScienceLab.com

CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300

International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887

For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight

Acetone 67-64-1 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Acetone: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5800 mg/kg [Rat]. 3000 mg/kg [Mouse]. 5340 mg/kg[Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 50100 mg/m 8 hours [Rat]. 44000 mg/m 4 hours [Mouse].

Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case ofskin contact (permeator).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female,Reproductive system/toxin/male [SUSPECTED]. The substance is toxic to central nervous system (CNS). The substance maybe toxic to kidneys, the reproductive system, liver, skin. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce targetorgans damage.

Section 4: First Aid Measures

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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelidsopen. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminatedclothing and shoes. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medicalattention.

Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention if symptoms appear.

Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medicalattention.

Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

Serious Ingestion: Not available.

Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: 465°C (869°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -20°C (-4°F). OPEN CUP: -9°C (15.8°F) (Cleveland).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 2.6% UPPER: 12.8%

Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of openflames and sparks, of oxidizing materials, of acids.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam,water spray or fog.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Forms explosive mixtures with hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, nitric acid, nitric acid + sulfuric acid, chromic anydride, chromylchloride, nitrosyl chloride, hexachloromelamine, nitrosyl perchlorate, nitryl perchlorate, permonosulfuric acid, thiodiglycol +hydrogen peroxide, potassium ter-butoxide, sulfur dichloride, 1-methyl-1,3-butadiene, bromoform, carbon, air, chloroform,thitriazylperchlorate.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container.

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Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth,sand or other non-combustible material. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confinedareas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDSand with local authorities.

Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area (flammables area) . Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep containertightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Keep away from direct sunlight and heat and avoid all possible sources of ignition(spark or flame).

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.

Personal Protection:Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.

Exposure Limits:TWA: 500 STEL: 750 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 750 STEL: 1000 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [UnitedStates] TWA: 500 STEL: 1000 [Austalia] TWA: 1185 STEL: 2375 (mg/m3) [Australia] TWA: 750 STEL: 1500 (ppm) [UnitedKingdom (UK)] TWA: 1810 STEL: 3620 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1800 STEL: 2400 from OSHA (PEL) [UnitedStates]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Liquid.

Odor: Fruity. Mint-like. Fragrant. Ethereal

Taste: Pungent, Sweetish

Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mole

Color: Colorless. Clear

pH (1% soln/water): Not available.

Boiling Point: 56.2°C (133.2°F)

Melting Point: -95.35 (-139.6°F)

Critical Temperature: 235°C (455°F)

Specific Gravity: 0.79 (Water = 1)

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Vapor Pressure: 24 kPa (@ 20°C)

Vapor Density: 2 (Air = 1)

Volatility: Not available.

Odor Threshold: 62 ppm

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in water; log(oil/water) = -0.2

Ionicity (in Water): Not available.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.

Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water, hot water.

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable.

Instability Temperature: Not available.

Conditions of Instability: Excess heat, ignition sources, exposure to moisture, air, or water, incompatible materials.

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis.

Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.

Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation.

Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 3000 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 44000 mg/m3 4 hours [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: ClassifiedReproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [SUSPECTED]. Causes damage to the following organs:central nervous system (CNS). May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, the reproductive system, liver, skin.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May affect genetic material (mutagenicity) based on studies with yeast (S. cerevisiae), bacteria, and hamster fibroblast cells.May cause reproductive effects (fertility) based upon animal studies. May contain trace amounts of benzene and formaldehydewhich may cancer and birth defects. Human: passes the placental barrier.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: May cause skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Eyes: Causeseye irritation, characterized by a burning sensation, redness, tearing, inflammation, and possible corneal injury. Inhalation:Inhalation at high concentrations affects the sense organs, brain and causes respiratory tract irritation. It also may affect theCentral Nervous System (behavior) characterized by dizzness, drowsiness, confusion, headache, muscle weakeness, andpossibly motor incoordination, speech abnormalities, narcotic effects and coma. Inhalation may also affect the gastrointestinaltract (nausea, vomiting). Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive (gastrointestinal) tract (nausea, vomiting). It may also

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affect the Central Nevous System (behavior), characterized by depression, fatigue, excitement, stupor, coma, headache,altered sleep time, ataxia, tremors as well at the blood, liver, and urinary system (kidney, bladder, ureter) and endocrinesystem. May also have musculoskeletal effects. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: May cause dermatitis. Eyes: Eyeirritation.

Section 12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity:Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 5540 mg/l 96 hours [Trout]. 8300 mg/l 96 hours [Bluegill]. 7500 mg/l 96 hours [Fatthead Minnow].0.1 ppm any hours [Water flea].

BOD5 and COD: Not available.

Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.

Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal:Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.

Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: CLASS 3: Flammable liquid.

Identification: : Acetone UNNA: 1090 PG: II

Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.

Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations:California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to causereproductive harm (male) which would require a warning under the statute: Benzene California prop. 65: This product containsthe following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birth defects which would require a warning underthe statute: Benzene California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California hasfound to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: Benzene, Formaldehyde Connecticut hazardousmaterial survey.: Acetone Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Acetone Illinois chemical safety act: AcetoneNew York release reporting list: Acetone Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Acetone Pennsylvania RTK: AcetoneFlorida: Acetone Minnesota: Acetone Massachusetts RTK: Acetone Massachusetts spill list: Acetone New Jersey: AcetoneNew Jersey spill list: Acetone Louisiana spill reporting: Acetone California List of Hazardous Substances (8 CCR 339):Acetone TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetone TSCA 4(a) final test rules: Acetone TSCA 8(a) IUR: Acetone

Other Regulations:OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.

Other Classifications:

WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-2B: Material causing other toxic effects(TOXIC).

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DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R36- Irritating to eyes. S9- Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16- Keep away from sources ofignition - No smoking. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection: h

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):

Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.

Section 16: Other Information

References:-Material safety data sheet issued by: la Commission de la SantÃ© et de la SÃ©curitÃ© du Travail du QuÃ©bec. -The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data, Edition II. -Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New YorkN.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. LOLI, RTECS, HSDB databases. Other MSDSs

Other Special Considerations: Not available.

Created: 10/10/2005 08:13 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assumeno liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.

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Material Safety Data SheetAcetonitrile MSDS


Product Name: Acetonitrile

Catalog Codes: SLA3625, SLA1279, SLA1942

CAS#: 75-05-8

RTECS: AL7700000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetonitrile


Synonym: Methyl Cyanide

Chemical Name: Acetonitrile

Chemical Formula: CH3CN









Composition:


Acetonitrile 75-05-8 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Acetonitrile: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2460 mg/kg [Rat.]. 269 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL(LD50): Acute: 1250 mg/kg [Rabbit.].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case ofskin contact (permeator). Severe over-exposure can result in death.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [SUSPECTED].The substance is toxic to blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract,skin, eyes, central nervous system (CNS). The substance may be toxic to the reproductive system. Repeated or prolongedexposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may producegeneral deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.


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Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly cleanshoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.

Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.

Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion:If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to anunconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately.




Auto-Ignition Temperature: 524°C (975.2°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 2°C (35.6°F). OPEN CUP: 5.6°C (42.1°F) (Cleveland).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 4.4% UPPER: 16%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat, ofoxidizing materials.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Store under nitrogen.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.



Large Spill:

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Flammable liquid. Poisonous liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk.Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilledmaterial. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Callfor assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on theMSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).





Exposure Limits:TWA: 40 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] STEL: 60 from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] TWA: 20 (ppm)from NIOSH TWA: 40 STEL: 60 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposurelimits.


Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Liquid.)

Odor: Aromatic; Ether-like (Strong.)

Taste: Burning, sweetish


Color: Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): 7 [Neutral.]

Boiling Point: 81.6 (178.9°F)

Melting Point: -46°C (-50.8°F)

Critical Temperature: Not available.


Vapor Pressure: 9.7kPa (@ 20°C)

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Vapor Density: 1.42 (Air = 1)


Odor Threshold: Not available.

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.


Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol.

Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water, methanol.




Conditions of Instability: Not available.

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.


Special Remarks on Reactivity: High dielectric constant; high polarity; strongly reactive.




Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 269 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 1250 mg/kg [Rabbit.]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):7551 8 hours [Rat.].

Chronic Effects on Humans:DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [SUSPECTED].Causes damage to the following organs: blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, upperrespiratory tract, skin, eyes, central nervous system (CNS). May cause damage to the following organs: the reproductivesystem.



Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Material is irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratorytract.


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 1020 mg/l 96 hours [Fish (Fathead Minnow)]. 1850 mg/l 96 hours [Fish (bluegill)].


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Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.



Waste Disposal:



Identification: : Acetonitrile UNNA: UN1648 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:New York release reporting list: Acetonitrile Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Acetonitrile Pennsylvania RTK:Acetonitrile Florida: Acetonitrile Minnesota: Acetonitrile Massachusetts RTK: Acetonitrile New Jersey: Acetonitrile TSCA 8(b)inventory: Acetonitrile TSCA 8(a) PAIR: Acetonitrile TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: Acetonitrile: 1992 SARA 313 toxicchemical notification and release reporting: Acetonitrile CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Acetonitrile: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate andserious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS D-2B: Material causing other toxic effects (TOXIC).

DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R23/24/25- Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. S16- Keep away from sources ofignition - No smoking. S27- Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seekmedical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 2

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

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References:-Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. -Material safetydata sheet emitted by: la Commission de la SantÃ© et de la SÃ©curitÃ© du Travail du QuÃ©bec. -SAX, N.I. DangerousProperties of Indutrial Materials. Toronto, Van Nostrand Reinold, 6e ed. 1984. -The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical SafetyData, Edition II. -Guide de la loi et du rÃ¨glement sur le transport des marchandises dangeureuses au canada. Centre deconformitÃ© internatinal LtÃ©e. 1986.


Created: 10/10/2005 08:35 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetAmmonium hydroxide MSDS


Product Name: Ammonium hydroxide

Catalog Codes: SLA3667, SLA3490, SLA1144

CAS#: 1336-21-6

RTECS: BQ9625000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Ammonium hydroxide


Synonym: Aqueous Ammonia; Strong Ammonia Solution;Stronger Ammonia Water

Chemical Name: Not applicable.

Chemical Formula: Not applicable.









Composition:


Ammonia, anhydrous 7664-41-7 27-31

Water 7732-18-5 69-73

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Ammonia, anhydrous: GAS (LC50): Acute: 2000 ppm 4 hours [Rat]. 4230 ppm 1 hours[Mouse].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, . Non-corrosiveto the eyes. Non-corrosive for lungs. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes ofeyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritationof respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe over-exposure can result in death.Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching,scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. [Ammonia,anhydrous]. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic

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to upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mist may produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated orprolonged exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection.Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or manyhuman organs.


Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelidsopen. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately. Finish by rinsing thoroughly with running water to avoid apossible infection.




Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek medical attention.




Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.

Flash Points: Not applicable.

Flammable Limits: Not applicable.

Products of Combustion: Hazardous decomposition include Nitric oxide, and ammonia fumes

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Non-explosive in presence of open flames and sparks, of shocks.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Forms explosive compounds with many heavy metals such as silver, lead, zinc and their halide salts. It can form shocksensitive compounds with halogens, mercury oxide, and siliver oxide.

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Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Ifnecessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid.

Large Spill:Corrosive liquid. Poisonous liquid. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material.Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration levelabove TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product.In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and showthe container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as metals, acids.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 25°C (77°F).



Personal Protection:Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Boots.


Exposure Limits:TWA: 25 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 50 STEL: 35 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 25 STEL:35 from NIOSH Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Ammonia-like (Strong.)

Taste: Acrid.

Molecular Weight: 35.05

Color: Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): 11.6 [Basic.] This is the actual pH in a 1 N solution.

Boiling Point: Not available

Melting Point: -69.2°C (-92.6°F)


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Vapor Pressure: 287.9 kPa (@ 20°C)

Vapor Density: Not available


Odor Threshold: 5 - 50 ppm as ammonia



Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water

Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water.




Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, high temperatures

Incompatibility with various substances:Highly reactive with metals. Reactive with acids. Slightly reactive to reactive with oxidizing agents.

Corrosivity:Extremely corrosive in presence of zinc, of copper. Corrosive in presence of aluminum. Non-corrosive in presence of glass, ofstainless steel(304), of stainless steel(316).

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Incompatible with the following: Organic acids, amides, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, epichlorhydrin,aldehydes, Acrolein, Acrylic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfate, fluorine, gold + aqua regia, hydrochloric acid,hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, nitric acid, olelum, propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver nitrate, silver oxide,silver oxide + ethyl alcohol, nitromethane, silver permanganate, sulfuric acid, halogens. Forms explosive compounds withmany heavy metals (silver, lead, zinc) and halide salts.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:Dissolves copper and zinc. Corrosive to aluminum and its alloys. Corrosive to galvanized surfaces. Severe corrosive effect onbrass and bronze



Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 350 mg/kg [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. [Ammonium hydroxide]. May cause damage to the followingorgans: mucous membranes, skin, eyes.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of ingestion, . Hazardous in case of eye contact(corrosive), of inhalation (lung corrosive).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May affect genetic material based on tests with microorganisms and animals. May cause cancer (tumorigenic) based onanimal data. No human data found at this time. (Ammonia, anhydrous)

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Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes severe irritation. Causes skin burns. May cause deep, penetrating ulcers of theskin. Contact with skin may cause staining, inflammation, and thickening of the skin. Eye: Contact with liquid or vapor causessevere burns and possible irreversible eye damage including corneal injury and cataracts. Inhalation: Causes severe irritationof the upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty. May cause acute pulmonary edema, pneumoconiosis,fibrosis, and even coma. It is a respiratory stimulant when inhaled at lower concentrations. It may also affect behavior/central nervous system (convulsions, seizures, ataxia, tremor), cardiovascular system (increase in blood pressure and pulserate). Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. Affects the Gastrointestinal tract (burns, swelling of the lips, mouth, and larynx, throatconstriction, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, shock, and may cause severe and permanent damage), liver, and urinary system(kidneys) May affect behavior (convulsions, seizures, ataxia, excitement). Chronic Potential Health Effects: Ingestion: Maycause effects similar to those of acute ingestion. Inhalation: Repeated exposure to low concentrations may cause bronchitiswith cough, phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. May also cause liver and kidney damage, and affect the brain, and blood.Eye: May cause corneal damage and the development of cataracts and glaucoma. Skin: Repeated skin contact to lowconcentrations may cause dryness, itching, and redness (dermatitis)


Ecotoxicity:Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 0.1 ppm 24 hours [Rainbow trout]. 8.2mg/l 96 hours [Fathead minnow]. 0.1 ppm 48 hours[Bluegill].








DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material

Identification: : Ammonia Solution UNNA: 2672 PG: III



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Ammonium hydroxide Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act:Ammonium hydroxide Illinois chemical safety act: Ammonium hydroxide New York release reporting list: Ammoniumhydroxide Pennsylvania RTK: Ammonium hydroxide Massachusetts RTK: Ammonium hydroxide Massachusetts spill list:Ammonium hydroxide New Jersey: Ammonium hydroxide New Jersey spill list: Ammonium hydroxide New Jersey toxiccatastrophe prevention act: Ammonium hydroxide Louisiana spill reporting: Ammonium hydroxide California Director's List ofHazardous Substances (8 CCR 339): Ammonium hydroxide TSCA 8(b) inventory: Ammonium hydroxide CERCLA: Hazardoussubstances.: Ammonium hydroxide: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)

Other Regulations:

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OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.


WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.

DSCL (EEC):

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3

Fire Hazard: 0

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection:


Health: 2

Flammability: 0

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Face shield.


References: Not available.


Created: 10/09/2005 03:55 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetCyclohexane MSDS


Product Name: Cyclohexane

Catalog Codes: SLC3520, SLC2305

CAS#: 110-82-7

RTECS: GU6300000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Cyclohexane


Synonym: Benzene, hexahydro-; Hexahydrobenzene;Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene

Chemical Name: Cyclohexane

Chemical Formula: C6-H12









Composition:


Cyclohexane 110-82-7 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Cyclohexane: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 12705 mg/kg [Rat]. 813 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL(LD): Acute: >18000 mg/kg [Rabbit].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), ofingestion, of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, centralnervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.


Eye Contact:

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Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelidsopen. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminatedclothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention.


Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention.


Ingestion:If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never giveanything by mouth to an unconscious person. Aspiration hazard if swallowed- can enter lungs and cause damage. Loosentight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.





Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -18°C (-0.4°F). (Setaflash)




Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of openflames and sparks.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, insoluble in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray or fog.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: When mixed hot with liquid dinitrogen tetraoxide an explosion can result.


Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal.

Large Spill:Flammable liquid, insoluble in water. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk.Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilledmaterial. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal. Be carefulthat the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


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Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratoryequipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin andeyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).





Exposure Limits:TWA: 300 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 300 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 1050 (mg/m3)from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 100 STEL: 300 (ppm) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 350 STEL: 1050 (mg/m3) [UnitedKingdom (UK)]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor:Chloroform-like odor; solvent odor; mild sweet odor

Taste: Not available.


Color: Clear Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): Not applicable.


Melting Point: 6.47°C (43.6°F)

Critical Temperature: 280.4°C (536.7°F)






Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 3.4


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Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol.

Solubility:Soluble in methanol. Insoluble in cold water.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents.

Corrosivity: Not considered to be corrosive for metals and glass.






Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 813 mg/kg [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, centralnervous system (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LCL[Mouse] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 70000 mg/m3/2H LCL[Rabbit] - 89600 mg/m3/1H

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:Human: passes the placental barrier, detected in maternal milk. May affect genetic material (mutagenic)

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: It may cause skin irritation. It may be absorbed through the skin. Eyes: It may causeeye irritation. Inhalation: It may cause respiratory tract (nose, throat) irritation. Exposure to high concentrations of vapormay cause nausea, increased respiration rate. It may also affect behavior/central nervous system(dizziness, lethargy,somnolence, lightheadedness, seizures/convulsions, weakness, loss of coordination and judgement, trembling, drowsiness).Unconsciousness and death may occur at high exposures. In experimental animals there is a narrow margin between dosescausing narcosis, loss of reflexes and death. Generalized vascular damage/collapse and degenerative changes were seenin the heart, lung, liver kidneys and brain of experimental animals exposed to lethal concentrations by inhalation or ingestion.Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation and diarrhea. May affect behavior/central nervous system with symptomssimilar that that of inhalation. May cause liver and kidney damage. Aspiration of cyclohexane into the lungs may causechemical pneumonitis. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying, crackingand chapping of exposed areas. Ingestion and Ingestion: Prolonged or repeated inhalation or ingestion may causeliver andkidney damage. It may also affect behavior/central nevous system with symtoms similar to that of acute ingestion or inhalation.


Ecotoxicity: Not available.


Products of Biodegradation:

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Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.







Identification: : Cyclohexane UNNA: 1145 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Cyclohexane Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: CyclohexaneIllinois chemical safety act: Cyclohexane New York release reporting list: Cyclohexane Rhode Island RTK hazardoussubstances: Cyclohexane Pennsylvania RTK: Cyclohexane Minnesota: Cyclohexane Massachusetts RTK: CyclohexaneMassachusetts spill list: Cyclohexane New Jersey: Cyclohexane New Jersey spill list: Cyclohexane Louisiana spill reporting:Cyclohexane TSCA 8(b) inventory: Cyclohexane SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: CyclohexaneCERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Cyclohexane: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)



WHMIS (Canada): CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F).

DSCL (EEC):

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 1

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:


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Created: 10/10/2005 08:17 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetN,N-Dimethylformamide MSDS


Product Name: N,N-Dimethylformamide

Catalog Codes: SLD4261, SLD3331

CAS#: 68-12-2

RTECS: LQ2100000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: N,N-Dimethylformamide


Synonym: DMF; Dimethyl Formamide

Chemical Name: N,N-Dimethylformamide

Chemical Formula: HCON(CH3)2









Composition:


{N,N-}Dimethylformamide 68-12-2 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: N,N-Dimethylformamide: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2800 mg/kg [Rat]. 2900 mg/kg [Mouse].5000 mg/kg [Rabbit]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 4720 mg/kg [Rabbit].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion,of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammaliansomatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [POSSIBLE].The substance is toxic to kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS). The substance may be toxic to blood, the nervoussystem. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.


Eye Contact:

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Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelidsopen. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.










Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 57.778°C (136°F). (Tagliabue.) OPEN CUP: 67°C (152.6°F).


Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2...).

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.


Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam,water spray or fog. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion.


Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:A mixture of triethylaluminum and DMF explodes when heated. DMF + potassium permanganate may explode.



Large Spill:

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Flammable liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth,sand or other non-combustible material. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confinedareas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDSand with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.






Exposure Limits:TWA: 10 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 30 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult localauthorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Amine like. (Slight.)



Color: Colorless to light yellow.


Boiling Point: 153°C (307.4°F)


Critical Temperature: 374°C (705.2°F)





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Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in water; log(oil/water) = -1


Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether, acetone.

Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water, hot water. Soluble in diethyl ether, acetone. Miscible organic solvents. Soluble in benzene, andchloroform.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources (sparks, flames), incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.


Special Remarks on Reactivity:Can react vigorously with oxidizing agents, halogenated hydrocarbons, and inorganic nitrates. Incompatible with carbontetrachloride, alkyl aluminums, sodium tetrahydroborate, nitrates, chromic acid, diisocyanatomethane, triethylaluminum,sodium hydride, lithium azide, metallic sodium, bromine, magnesium nitrate, potassium permanganate, nitric acid, chromiumtrioxide, borohydrides, phosphorus trioxide, diborane, octafluoroisobutyrate, sodium nitrite, perchloryl fluoride, postassiummethyl 4,4'-dinitrobutyrate. Reaction with inorganic acid chlorides, such as phosphorous oxychloride and thionyl chloride, mayform dimethylcarbamoyl, a suspect carcinogen. May release dimethylamine and carbon monoixde if heated above 350 C (662F).

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:Pure dimethylformamide is essentially non-corrosive to metals. However copper, tin and their alloys should be avoided.




Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 2800 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 4720 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 94001 hours [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammaliansomatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [POSSIBLE].Causes damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS). May cause damage to the followingorgans: blood, the nervous system.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LCL[Rat] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 5000 ppm/6H

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May affect genetic material. May cause adverse reproductive effects(paternal and maternal) and birth defects. Embryotoxicand/or foetotoxic in animal. Passes through the placental barrier in animal. May cause cancer although IARC evidence forcancer in humans shows inadequate data.

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Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes skin irritation with itching, burning, redness, swelling, or rash. It may be absorbedthrough the skin in toxic amounts and cause systemic effects similar to that of ingestion. It may facilitate the absorptionof other chemical substances through the skin. If there is significant potential for skin contact, monitoring should be doneto measure the level of DMF metabolites in urine specimans at the end of the shift. It is common practice to limit end-of-shift metabolites at or below 40 ppm expressed as n-monomethylformamide or a single individual or at or below 20 ppmMMF for several workers doing the same job. Eyes: Causes eye irritation (possibly severe) with tearing pain or blurredvision. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Short-term overexposure by inhalation may affect behavior/centralnervous system (convulsions, muscle weakness and other symptoms similar to that of acute ingestion), respiration (dyspnea).Ingestion: It can cause gastrointestinal tract irritation with heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. It may alsoaffect the cardiovascular system (hypertension, tachycardia, ECG abnormalities), blood (elevated white blood cell counts), andliver damage (hepatomegaly, jaundice, altered liver enzymes, fatty liver











Identification: : N,N-Dimethylformamide UNNA: 2265 PG: III



Federal and State Regulations:Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: N,N-Dimethylformamide Illinois chemical safety act: N,N-Dimethylformamide New York release reporting list: N,N-Dimethylformamide Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: N,N-Dimethylformamide Pennsylvania RTK: N,N-Dimethylformamide Minnesota: N,N-Dimethylformamide Massachusetts RTK:N,N-Dimethylformamide Massachusetts spill list: N,N-Dimethylformamide New Jersey: N,N-Dimethylformamide New Jerseyspill list: N,N-Dimethylformamide Louisiana spill reporting: N,N-Dimethylformamide California Director's List of HazardousSubstances: N,N-Dimethylformamide TSCA 8(b) inventory: N,N-Dimethylformamide TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: N,N-Dimethylformamide: 12/19/95 SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: N,N-Dimethylformamide CERCLA:Hazardous substances.: N,N-Dimethylformamide: 100 lbs. (45.36 kg)



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WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-3: Combustible liquid with a flash point between 37.8°C (100°F) and 93.3°C (200°F). CLASS D-2A: Material causingother toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).

DSCL (EEC):R20/21- Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. R36- Irritating to eyes. R61- May cause harm to the unborn child.S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). S53- Avoidexposure - obtain special instructions before use.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 2

Reactivity: 0



Health: 1

Flammability: 2

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/09/2005 05:12 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetEthyl Alcohol 190 Proof MSDS


Product Name: Ethyl Alcohol 190 Proof

Catalog Codes: SLE1036, SLE1609, SLE1288

CAS#: Mixture.

RTECS: Not applicable.

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Water; Ethyl alcohol 200Proof


Synonym: Ethyl Alcohol 190 Proof

Chemical Formula: Not applicable.









Composition:


Water 7732-18-5 5

Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof 64-17-5 95

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 7060 mg/kg [Rat]. 3450 mg/kg [Mouse].VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 20000 ppm 8 hours [Rat]. 39000 mg/m 4 hours [Mouse].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), . Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator), ofingestion. Non-corrosive for skin. Non-corrosive to the eyes. Non-corrosive for lungs.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer) CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified PROVEN by State of CaliforniaProposition 65 [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. Classified A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH [Ethyl alcohol 200Proof]. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. Mutagenic for bacteriaand/or yeast. [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified PROVEN for human [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof].DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Development toxin [PROVEN] [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. Classified Reproductivesystem/toxin/female, Reproductive system/toxin/male [POSSIBLE] [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. The substance is toxic to blood,the reproductive system, liver, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervous

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Auto-Ignition Temperature: The lowest known value is 363°C (685.4°F) (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof).

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 18.5°C (65.3°F).(estimated)

Flammable Limits: The greatest known range is LOWER: 3.3% UPPER: 19% (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof)


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of oxidizingmaterials. Non-flammable in presence of shocks, of reducing materials, of combustible materials, of organic materials, ofmetals, of acids, of alkalis.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Slightly explosive in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat, of oxidizing materials, of acids. Non-explosive in presenceof shocks.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Containers should be grounded. CAUTION: MAY BURN WITH NEAR INVISIBLE FLAME Vapor may travel considerabledistance to source of ignition and flash back. May form explosive mixtures with air. Contact with Bromine pentafluoride is likelyto cause fire or explosion. Ethanol ignites on contact with chromyl chloride. Ethanol ignites on contact with iodine heptafluoridegas. It ignites than explodes upon contact with nitrosyl perchlorate. Additon of platinum black catalyst caused ignition. (Ethylalcohol 200 Proof)

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Ethanol has an explosive reaction with the oxidized coating around potassium metal. Ethanol ignites and then explodes oncontact with acetic anhydride + sodium hydrosulfate (ignites and may explode), disulfuric acid + nitric acid, phosphorous(III)

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oxide platinum, potassium-tert-butoxide+ acids. Ethanol forms explosive products in reaction with the following compound :ammonia + silver nitrate (forms silver nitride and silver fulminate), iodine + phosphorus (forms ethane iodide), magnesiumperchlorate (forms ethyl perchlorate), mercuric nitrate, nitric acid + silver (forms silver fulminate) silver nitrate (forms ethylnitrate) silver(I) oxide + ammonia or hydrazine (forms silver nitride and silver fulminate), sodium (evolves hydrogen gas).Sodium Hydrazide + alcohol can produce an explosion. Alcohols should not be mixed with mercuric nitrate, as explosivemercuric fulminate may be formed. May form explosive mixture with manganese perchlorate + 2,2-dimethoxypropane. Additionof alcohols to highly concentrate hydrogen peroxide forms powerful explosives. Explodes on contact with calcium hypochloriteVapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Containers may explode when heated or involved in a fire. (Ethyl alcohol200 Proof)





Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).





Exposure Limits:Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof TWA: 1900 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 1000 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [UnitedStates] TWA: 1900 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 1000 (ppm) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 1000 (ppm)[United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1920 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1000 STEL: 1250 (ppm) [Canada] Consult localauthorities for acceptable exposure limits.



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Odor:Alcohol like. Mild to strong. Like wine or whiskey; Ethereal, vinous. Pleasant.

Taste: Burning. Pungent.

Molecular Weight: Not applicable.


pH (1% soln/water): Neutral.

Boiling Point: The lowest known value is 78.5°C (173.3°F) (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof). Weighted average: 79.58°C (175.2°F)

Melting Point: May start to solidify at -114.1°C (-173.4°F) based on data for: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof.

Critical Temperature: The lowest known value is 243°C (469.4°F) (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof).

Specific Gravity: Weighted average: 0.8 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure: The highest known value is 5.7 kPa (@ 20°C) (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof). Weighted average: 5.53 kPa (@20°C)

Vapor Density: The highest known value is 1.59 (Air = 1) (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof). Weighted average: 1.54 (Air = 1)





Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol, diethyl ether, acetone.

Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water, hot water, methanol, diethyl ether. Soluble in acetone.




Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, heat, sources of ignition.

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.


Special Remarks on Reactivity:Ethanol rapidly absorbs moisture from the air. Can react vigorously with oxiders. The following oxidants have beendemonstrated to undergo vigorous/explosive reaction with ethanol: barium perchlorate, bromine pentafluoride, calciumhypochlorite, chloryl perchlorate, chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, dioxygen difluoride, disulfuryl difluoride, fluorine nitrate,hydrogen peroxide, iodine heptafluoride, nitric acid nitrosyl perchlorate, perchloric acid permanganic acid, peroxodisulfuricacid, potassium dioxide, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, ruthenium(VIII) oxide, silver perchlorate, silverperoxide, uranium hexafluoride, uranyl perchlorate. Ethanol reacts violently/expodes with the following compounds: acetylbromide (evolves hydrogen bromide) acetyl chloride, aluminum, sesquibromide ethylate, ammonium hydroxide & silveroxide, chlorate, chromic anhydride, cyanuric acid + water, dichloromethane + sulfuric acid + nitrate (or) nitrite, hydrogenperoxide + sulfuric acid, iodine + methanol + mercuric oxide, manganese perchlorate + 2,2-dimethoxy propane, perchlorates,permanganates + sulfuric acid, potassium superoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, silver & nitric acid, silver perchlorate, sodiumhydrazide, sulfuric acid + sodium dichromate, tetrachlorisilane + water. Ethanol is also incompatible with platinium, andsodium. No really safe conditions exist under which ethyl alcohol and chlorine oxides can be handled. Reacts vigorously withacetyl chloride (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof)



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Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 3632 mg/kg (Mouse) (Calculated value for the mixture).

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified PROVEN by State of California Proposition 65 [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. ClassifiedA4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenicfor mammalian somatic cells. [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof].TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified PROVEN for human [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY:Classified Development toxin [PROVEN] [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof]. Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Reproductivesystem/toxin/male [POSSIBLE] [Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof].

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator), of ingestion.

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Dose/Conc: LDL[Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 1400 mg/kg LDL[Human child] - Route: Oral; Dose: 2000 mg/kg LDL[Rabbit] - Route: Skin; Dose: 20000 mg/kg (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof)

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May affect genetic material (mutagenic) Causes adverse reproductive effects and birth defects (teratogenic) , based onmoderate to heavy consumption. May cause cancer based on animal data. Human: passes through the placenta, excreted inmaternal milk. (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof)

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute potential health effects: Skin: causes skin irritation Eyes: causes eye irritation Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal tractirritation with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and alterations in gastric secretions. May affect behavior/central nervous system(central nervous system depression - amnesia, headache, muscular incoordination, excitation, mild euphoria, slurred speech,drowsiness, staggaring gait, fatigue, changes in mood/personality, excessive talking, dizziness, ataxia, somnolence, coma/narcosis, hallucinations, distorted perceptions, general anesthetic), peripherial nervous system (spastic paralysis)vision(diplopia). Moderately toxic and narcotic in high concentrations. May also affect metabolism, blood, liver, respiration (dyspnea),and endocrine system. May affect respiratory tract, cardiovascular(cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension), and urinary systems.Inhalation: May cause irritation of the respiratory tract and affect behavior/central nervous system with symptoms similarto ingestion. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may casue dermatitis, an allergicreaction. Ingestion: Prolonged or repeated ingestion will have similiar effects as acute ingestion. It may also affect the brain.(Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof)










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Identification: : Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof) UNNA: 1170 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to causecancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, which would require a warning under the statute: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof (inalcoholic beverage) California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California hasfound to cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof (in alcoholic beverage)Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Ethylalcohol 200 Proof Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof Pennsylvania RTK: Ethyl alcohol 200Proof Florida: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof Minnesota: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof Massachusetts RTK: Ethyl alcohol 200 ProofMassachusetts spill list: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof New Jersey: Ethyl alcohol 200 Proof TSCA 8(b) inventory: Water; Ethylalcohol 200 Proof

Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).



DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. S7- Keep container tightly closed. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 2

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/09/2005 05:28 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM

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Material Safety Data SheetEthyl acetate MSDS


Product Name: Ethyl acetate

Catalog Codes: SLE2452, SLE2317

CAS#: 141-78-6

RTECS: AH5425000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Ethyl acetate

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: Acetic Acid, Ethyl Ester Acetic Ether

Chemical Name: Ethyl Acetate

Chemical Formula: C4-H8-O2









Composition:


Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Ethyl acetate: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5620 mg/kg [Rat]. 4100 mg/kg [Mouse]. 4935 mg/kg[Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 45000 mg/m 3 hours [Mouse]. 16000 ppm 6 hours [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact(irritant).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to mucousmembranes, upper respiratory tract. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS).Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.


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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact:Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Cold watermay be used.

Serious Skin Contact: Not available.







Auto-Ignition Temperature: 426.67°C (800°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -4.4°C (24.1°F). (TAG) OPEN CUP: 7.2°C (45°F) (Cleveland).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 2.2% UPPER: 9%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of oxidizingmaterials, of acids, of alkalis. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of heat. Non-explosive in presence of shocks.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. When heated to decomposition it emits acridsmoke and irritating fumes.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:The liquid produces a vapor that forms explosive mixtures with air at normal temperatures. Explosive reaction with lithiumtetrahydroaluminate.



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Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratoryequipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Keep away from incompatiblessuch as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Moisture sensitive.



Personal Protection:Safety glasses. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.


Exposure Limits:TWA: 400 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 400 from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 1400 (mg/m3) fromNIOSH [United States] TWA: 400 (ppm) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 400 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 1440 (mg/m3) [Canada]TWA: 1400 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]3 Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Ethereal. Fruity. (Slight.)

Taste: Bittersweet, wine-like burning taste


Color: Colorless.


Boiling Point: 77°C (170.6°F)





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Odor Threshold: 3.9 ppm




Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water, diethyl ether, acetone, alcohol, benzene.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources (flames, sparks, static), incompatible materials



Special Remarks on Reactivity:Also incompatible with nitrates, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, potassium-tert-butoxide, and lithium tetrahydroaluminate. Moisturesensitive. On storage, it is slowly decomposed by water.





Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 4100 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 45000 mg/m3 3 hours [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH. Causes damage to the following organs:mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract. May cause damage to the following organs: blood, kidneys, liver, central nervoussystem (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: LD50 [Rabbit] - Route: skin; Dose >20,000 ml/kg

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May affect genetic material (mutagenic). May cause adverse reproductive effects. based on animal test data. No human datafound at this time.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: May cause skin irritation. Eyes: Causes eye irritation. May cause irritation of theconjunctivia. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation. May affect respiration and may causeacute pulmonary edema. May affect gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting). May affect behavior/central nervous system(mild central nervous system depression - exhilaration, talkativeness, boastfulness, belligerancy, vertigo, diplopia, drowsiness,slurred speech, slowed reaction time, dizziness, lightheadedness, somnolence, ataxia, unconciousness, irritability, fatigue,sleep disturbances, reduced memory and concentration, stupor, coma), cardiovascular system (peripheral vascular collapse(shock) - rapid pulse, hypotension, cold pale skin, hypothermia). Other symptoms may include: flushing of face and sweating.

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Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea and vomiting. May affect blood, behavior/central nervoussystem (CNS depression - effects may be similar to that of inhalation). Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: Repeated orprolonged skin contact may cause drying and cracking of the skin. IngestIon: Prolonged or repeated ingestion may affectthe liver. Inhalation: Prolonged inhalation may affect behavior/central nervous system (symptoms similar to those of acuteinhalation), and cause liver, kidney, lung, and heart damage. It may also affect metabolism, and blood (anemia, leukocytosis).


Ecotoxicity:Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 220 mg/l 96 hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)]. 212.5 ppm 96 hours [Fish (Indian catfish)].









Identification: : Ethyl Acetate UNNA: 1173 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Ethyl acetate Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Ethyl acetateIllinois chemical safety act: Ethyl acetate New York release reporting list: Ethyl acetate Rhode Island RTK hazardoussubstances: Ethyl acetate Pennsylvania RTK: Ethyl acetate Florida: Ethyl acetate Minnesota: Ethyl acetate MassachusettsRTK: Ethyl acetate Massachusetts spill list: Ethyl acetate New Jersey: Ethyl acetate New Jersey spill list: Ethyl acetateLouisiana spill reporting: Ethyl acetate California Director's list of Hazardous Substances: Ethyl acetate TSCA 8(b) inventory:Ethyl acetate TSCA 4(a) final test rules: Ethyl acetate TSCA 8(a) IUR: Ethyl acetate TSCA 12(b) annual export notification:Ethyl acetate CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Ethyl acetate: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)



WHMIS (Canada): CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F).

DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R36- Irritating to eyes. S2- Keep out of the reach of children. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition- No smoking. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S33-Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S46- If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show thiscontainer or label.

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HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection: g


Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Safety glasses.




Created: 10/10/2005 08:18 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetIsopropyl alcohol MSDS


Product Name: Isopropyl alcohol

Catalog Codes: SLI1153, SLI1579, SLI1906, SLI1246,SLI1432

CAS#: 67-63-0

RTECS: NT8050000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Isopropyl alcohol

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: 2-Propanol

Chemical Name: isopropanol

Chemical Formula: C3-H8-O









Composition:


Isopropyl alcohol 67-63-0 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Isopropyl alcohol: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5045 mg/kg [Rat]. 3600 mg/kg [Mouse]. 6410mg/kg [Rabbit]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 12800 mg/kg [Rabbit].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant,sensitizer, permeator).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.)by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Notavailable. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Development toxin [POSSIBLE].The substance may be toxic to kidneys, liver, skin, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to thesubstance can produce target organs damage.


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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact:Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Cold watermay be used.









Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 11.667°C (53°F) - 12.778 deg. C (55 deg. F) (TAG)

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 2% UPPER: 12.7%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Flammable in presence of oxidizing materials. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Explosive in presence of open flames andsparks, of heat.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. CAUTION: MAY BURN WITH NEAR INVISIBLEFLAME. Hydrogen peroxide sharply reduces the autoignition temperature of Isopropyl alcohol. After a delay, Isopropylalcohol ignites on contact with dioxgenyl tetrafluorborate, chromium trioxide, and potassium tert-butoxide. When heated todecomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Secondary alcohols are readily autooxidized in contact with oxygen or air, forming ketones and hydrogen peroxide. It canbecome potentially explosive. It reacts with oxygen to form dangerously unstable peroxides which can concentrate andexplode during distillation or evaporation. The presence of 2-butanone increases the reaction rate for peroxide formation.Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. May form explosive mixtures with air. Isopropyl alcohol +phosgene forms isopropyl chloroformate and hydrogen chloride. In the presence of iron salts, thermal decompositon canoccur, whicn in some cases can become explosive. A homogeneous mixture of concentrated peroxides + isopropyl alcohol arecapable of detonation by shock or heat. Barium perchlorate + isopropyl alcohol gives the highly explosive alkyl perchlorates.

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It forms explosive mixtures with trinitormethane and hydrogen peroxide. It produces a violent explosive reaction when heatedwith aluminum isopropoxide + crotonaldehyde. Mixtures of isopropyl alcohol + nitroform are explosive.





Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Avoid contact with eyes. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation,wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Keepaway from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.






Exposure Limits:TWA: 983 STEL: 1230 (mg/m3) [Australia] TWA: 200 STEL: 400 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] TWA: 980STEL: 1225 (mg/m3) from NIOSH TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm) from NIOSH TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm) [United Kingdom(UK)] TWA: 999 STEL: 1259 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]TWA: 980 STEL: 1225 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor:Pleasant. Odor resembling that of a mixture of ethanol and acetone.

Taste: Bitter. (Slight.)


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Color: Colorless.









Odor Threshold:22 ppm (Sittig, 1991) 700 ppm for unadapted panelists (Verschuren, 1983).

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is equally soluble in oil and water; log(oil/water) = 0.1


Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol, diethyl ether, n-octanol, acetone.

Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water, hot water, methanol, diethyl ether, n-octanol, acetone. Insoluble in salt solution. Soluble inbenzene. Miscible with most organic solvents including alcohol, ethyl alcohol, chloroform.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, Ignition sources, incompatible materials



Special Remarks on Reactivity:Reacts violently with hydrogen + palladium combination, nitroform, oleum, COCl2, aluminum triisopropoxide, oxidantsIncompatible with acetaldehyde, chlorine, ethylene oxide, isocyanates, acids, alkaline earth, alkali metals, caustics, amines,crotonaldehyde, phosgene, ammonia. Isopropyl alcohol reacts with metallic aluminum at high temperatures. Isopropyl alcoholattacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Vigorous reaction with sodium dichromate + sulfuric acid.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: May attack some forms of plastic, rubber and coating




Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 3600 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 12800 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):16000 8 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female, Development toxin [POSSIBLE]. May causedamage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, skin, central nervous system (CNS).

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Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, sensitizer, permeator).


Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:M a y c a u s e a d v e r s e r e p r o d u c t i v e / t e r a t o g e n i c e f f e c t s ( f e r t i l i t y , f e t o x i c i t y , d e v e l o p m en t a l abnormalities(developmental toxin)) based on animal studies. Detected in maternal milk in human.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: May cause mild skin irritation, and sensitization. Eyes: Can cause eye irritation.Inhalation: Breathing in small amounts of this material during normal handling is not likely to cause harmful effects. However,breathing large amounts may be harmful and may affect the respiratory system and mucous membranes (irritation), behaviorand brain (Central nervous system depression - headache, dizziness, drowsiness, stupor, incoordination, unconciousness,coma and possible death), peripheral nerve and senstation, blood, urinary system, and liver. Ingestion: Swallowing smallamouts during normal handling is not likely to cause harmful effects. Swallowing large amounts may be harmful. Swallowinglarge amounts may cause gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain. It also mayaffect the urinary system, cardiovascular system, sense organs, behavior or central nervous system (somnolence, generallydepressed activity, irritability, headache, dizziness, drowsiness), liver, and respiratory system (breathing difficulty). ChronicPotential Health Effects: May cause defatting of the skin and dermatitis and allergic reaction. May cause adverse reproductiveeffects based on animal data (studies).


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 100000 mg/l 96 hours [Fathead Minnow]. 64000 mg/l 96 hours [Fathead Minnow].









Identification: : Isopropyl Alcohol UNNA: 1219 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Isopropyl alcohol Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Isopropylalcohol Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Isopropyl alcohol Pennsylvania RTK: Isopropyl alcohol Florida: Isopropylalcohol Minnesota: Isopropyl alcohol Massachusetts RTK: Isopropyl alcohol New Jersey: Isopropyl alcohol New Jersey spilllist: Isopropyl alcohol Director's list of Hazardous Substances: Isopropyl alcohol Tennesee: Isopropyl alcohol TSCA 8(b)inventory: Isopropyl alcohol TSCA 4(a) final testing order: Isopropyl alcohol TSCA 8(a) IUR: Isopropyl alcohol TSCA 8(d) H

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and S data reporting: Isopropyl alcohol: Effective date: 12/15/86 Sunset Date: 12/15/96 TSCA 12(b) one time export: Isopropylalcohol SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Isopropyl alcohol




DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R36- Irritating to eyes. S7- Keep container tightly closed. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition- No smoking. S24/25- Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty ofwater and seek medical advice.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/09/2005 05:53 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetMethyl alcohol MSDS


Product Name: Methyl alcohol

Catalog Codes: SLM3064, SLM3952

CAS#: 67-56-1

RTECS: PC1400000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl alcohol


Synonym: Wood alcohol, Methanol; Methylol; WoodSpirit; Carbinol

Chemical Name: Methanol

Chemical Formula: CH3OH









Composition:


Methyl alcohol 67-56-1 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Methyl alcohol: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5628 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 15800mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 64000 ppm 4 hours [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case ofskin contact (permeator). Severe over-exposure can result in death.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS:Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: ClassifiedPOSSIBLE for human. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to eyes. The substance may betoxic to blood, kidneys, liver, brain, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervous system (CNS),optic nerve. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to ahighly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.


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Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 12°C (53.6°F). OPEN CUP: 16°C (60.8°F).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 6% UPPER: 36.5%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Explosive in presence of open flames andsparks, of heat.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignitionand flash back. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. CAUTION: MAY BURN WITH NEARINVISIBLE FLAME

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Forms an explosive mixture with air due to its low flash point. Explosive when mixed with Choroform + sodium methoxide anddiethyl zinc. It boils violently and explodes.


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Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Poisonous liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk.Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilledmaterial. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Callfor assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on theMSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, metals, acids.






Exposure Limits:TWA: 200 from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] STEL: 250from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) from NIOSH SKIN TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) [Canada] Consultlocal authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Alcohol like. Pungent when crude.



Color: Colorless.



Melting Point: -97.8°C (-144°F)


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Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in water; log(oil/water) = -0.8

Ionicity (in Water): Non-ionic.


Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water, hot water.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ingnition sources, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, metals, acids.


Special Remarks on Reactivity:Can react vigorously with oxidizers. Violent reaction with alkyl aluminum salts, acetyl bromide, chloroform + sodium methoxide,chromic anhydride, cyanuirc chlorite, lead perchlorate, phosphorous trioxide, nitric acid. Exothermic reaction with sodiumhydroxide + chloroform. Incompatible with beryllium dihydride, metals (potassium and magnesium), oxidants (bariumperchlorate, bromine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide), potassium tert-butoxide, carbon tetrachloride, alkalimetals, metals (aluminum, potassium magnesium, zinc), and dichlormethane. Rapid autocatalytic dissolution of aluminum,magnesium or zinc in 9:1 methanol + carbon tetrachloride - sufficiently vigorous to be rated as potentially hazardous. Mayattack some plastics, rubber, and coatings.





Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 5628 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 15800 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):64000 4 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENICEFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human. Causes damage to the following organs: eyes. May cause damage to thefollowing organs: blood, kidneys, liver, brain, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervous system(CNS), optic nerve.



Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:

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Passes through the placental barrier. May affect genetic material. May cause birth defects and adverse reproductiveeffects(paternal and maternal effects and fetotoxicity ) based on animal studies.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 29400 mg/l 96 hours [Fathead Minnow].




Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation:Methanol in water is rapidly biodegraded and volatilized. Aquatic hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, adsorption to sediment, andbioconcentration are not significant fate processes. The half-life of methanol in surfact water ranges from 24 hrs. to 168 hrs.Based on its vapor pressure, methanol exists almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. It is degraded byreaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and has an estimated half-life of 17.8 days. Methanol is physicallyremoved from air by rain due to its solubility. Methanol can react with NO2 in pollulted to form methyl nitrate. The half-life ofmethanol in air ranges from 71 hrs. (3 days) to 713 hrs. (29.7 days) based on photooxidation half-life in air.





Identification: : Methyl alcohol UNNA: 1230 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Methyl alcohol Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Methyl alcoholIllinois chemical safety act: Methyl alcohol New York release reporting list: Methyl alcohol Rhode Island RTK hazardoussubstances: Methyl alcohol Pennsylvania RTK: Methyl alcohol Minnesota: Methyl alcohol Massachusetts RTK: Methylalcohol Massachusetts spill list: Methyl alcohol New Jersey: Methyl alcohol New Jersey spill list: Methyl alcohol Louisianaspill reporting: Methyl alcohol California Directors List of Hazardous Substances (8CCR 339): Methyl alcohol TennesseHazardous Right to Know : Methyl alcohol TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl alcohol SARA 313 toxic chemical notification andrelease reporting: Methyl alcohol CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Methyl alcohol: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate andserious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). Class D-2B: Material causingother toxic effects (TOXIC).

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DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R23/24/25- Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R39- Danger of very seriousirreversible effects. R39/23/24/25- Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin andif swallowed. S7- Keep container tightly closed. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. S36/37- Wear suitableprotective clothing and gloves. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the labelwhere possible).

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:



References:-SAX, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Indutrial Materials. Toronto, Van Nostrand Reinold, 6e ed. 1984. -Material safetydata sheet emitted by: la Commission de la SantÃ© et de la SÃ©curitÃ© du Travail du QuÃ©bec. -Hawley, G.G.. TheCondensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. LOLI, HSDB, RTECS, HAZARDTEXT,REPROTOX databases


Created: 10/10/2005 08:23 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data Sheetn-heptane MSDS


Product Name: n-heptane

Catalog Codes: SLH2152, SLH2998, SLH1675, SLH1948

CAS#: 142-82-5

RTECS: MI7700000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: n-heptane

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: Dipropyl methane; Heptyl hydride

Chemical Name: Heptane

Chemical Formula: C7H16









Composition:


{n-}heptane 142-82-5 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: n-heptane: VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 103000 mg/m 4 hours [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, ofinhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to lungs, peripheral nervous system, upperrespiratory tract, skin, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce targetorgans damage.


Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.

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Ingestion:If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Aspiration hazard ifswallowed- can enter lungs and cause damage. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medicalattention.




Auto-Ignition Temperature: 203.89°C (399°F) - 223 C (433 F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -4°C (24.8°F). (TAG) OPEN CUP: -1.1111°C (30°F).




Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of heat.


Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Flaming occurs when liquid chlorine in n-Heptane is added to added to red phosphorous. Vapors may form explosive mixtureswith air. Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures in air.



Large Spill:Flammable liquid, insoluble in water. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk.Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilledmaterial. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal. Be carefulthat the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


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Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Keep awayfrom incompatibles such as oxidizing agents.




Personal Protection:Safety glasses. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.


Exposure Limits:TWA: 500 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 2000 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 350 CEIL:1800 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 85 CEIL: 440 (ppm) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm)from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 500 (ppm) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 1640STEL: 2049 (mg/m3) [Canada] TWA: 400 STEL: 500 (ppm) [Belgium] TWA: 200 (ppm) [Norway] TWA: 300 STEL: 500 (ppm)[Finland] TWA: 500 (ppm) [Austria]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Hydrocarbon. Gasoline-like





Boiling Point: 98.4 (209.1°F)










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Solubility:Soluble in diethyl ether, acetone. Insoluble in cold water. Soluble in alcohol. Solubility in Chloroform, Petroleum Ether, Ether,Acetone: >10% Floats on water.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources (flames, sparks), incompatible materials


Corrosivity: Not considered to be corrosive for metals and glass.





Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Inhalation.

Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute toxicityof the vapor (LC50): 103000 mg/m3 4 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:May cause damage to the following organs: lungs, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervoussystem (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.


Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes skin irritation. It can be absorbed through the skin. Eyes: Contact with liquid maycause eye irritation. Contact with vapors is not expected to cause eye irritation. Inhalation: Inhalation of vapor or mist causesrespiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation. It can affect behavior/central nervous system and cause central nervoussystem effects (mild excitement followed CNS depression which is characterized by headache, nausea, dizziness, hilarity,hallucinations, lightheadness, distorted perceptions, convulsions, weakness, loss of judgement and coordination, narcosis,semi-conciousness, coma and death at higher doses). It may cause cardiac effects (irregular heartbeat/cardiac arrhythmias, orheart to stop beating), and pulmonary edema. It is readily absorbed by the inhalation route. Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinaltract irritation with nausea, vomiting, swelling of the abdomen. Aspiration into the lungs can produce chemical pneumonitis.It can also affect behavior/central nervous system with symptoms paralleling those of inhalation. Chronic Potential HealthEffects: Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact can defat the skin and product irritation and dermatitis. Inhalation: Repeatedor prolonged inhalation may affect behavior/central nervous system (symptoms similar to acute inhalation) and may produceminimal peripheral nerve damage (polyneuropathy) with numbness and tingling of the extremities in a stocking-and -glovepattern. Reversible of polyneuropathy as been reversible by a year following removal from exposure. It may also affect thebrain, blood (anemia), and hearing (mild change in auditory threshold), and may also cause weight loss, Ingestion: Prolongedor repeated ingestion may affect the liver, urinary system, blood (changes in blood serum compostion).


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Identification: : Heptane UNNA: 1206 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: n-heptane Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: n-heptane RhodeIsland RTK hazardous substances: n-heptane Pennsylvania RTK: n-heptane Minnesota: n-heptane Massachusetts RTK: n-heptane Massachusetts spill list: n-heptane New Jersey: n-heptane California Director's List of Hazardous Substances: n-heptane TSCA 8(b) inventory: n-heptane TSCA 4(a) proposed test rules: n-heptane TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: n-heptane: Effective date: 1/26/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98




DSCL (EEC):

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 1

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection: g


Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

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Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Safety glasses.




Created: 10/09/2005 05:42 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetSulfuric acid MSDS


Product Name: Sulfuric acid

Catalog Codes: SLS2539, SLS1741, SLS3166, SLS2371,SLS3793

CAS#: 7664-93-9

RTECS: WS5600000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sulfuric acid


Synonym: Oil of Vitriol; Sulfuric Acid

Chemical Name: Hydrogen sulfate

Chemical Formula: H2-SO4









Composition:


Sulfuric acid 7664-93-9 95 - 98

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Sulfuric acid: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2140 mg/kg [Rat.]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 510 mg/m2 hours [Rat]. 320 mg/m 2 hours [Mouse].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion,of inhalation. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth andrespiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratorytract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation ofthe eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening,or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC, + (Proven.) by OSHA. Classified A2 (Suspected forhuman.) by ACGIH. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTALTOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, lungs, heart, cardiovascular system, upper respiratory tract,eyes, teeth. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated or prolonged

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contact with spray mist may produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to spraymist may produce respiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection. Repeated exposure to a highlytoxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.


Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.








Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.

Flash Points: Not applicable.

Flammable Limits: Not applicable.

Products of Combustion:Products of combustion are not available since material is non-flammable. However, products of decompostion include fumesof oxides of sulfur. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Reacts with carbonates to generatecarbon dioxide gas. Reacts with cyanides and sulfides to form poisonous hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide respectively.

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Combustible materials

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of oxidizing materials.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Metal acetylides (Monocesium and Monorubidium), and carbides ignite with concentrated sulfuric acid. White Phosphorous +boiling Sulfuric acid or its vapor ignites on contact. May ignite other combustible materials. May cause fire when sulfuric acidis mixed with Cyclopentadiene, cyclopentanone oxime, nitroaryl amines, hexalithium disilicide, phorphorous (III) oxide, andoxidizing agents such as chlorates, halogens, permanganates.

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Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:M i x t u r e s o f s u l f u r i c a c i d a n d a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c a n e x p l o d e : p - n i t r o t o l u e n e , p e n t a s il v e r trihydroxydiaminophosphate, perchlorates, alcohols with strong hydrogen peroxide, ammonium tetraperoxychromate,mercuric nitrite, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate with potassium chloride, carbides, nitro compounds, nitrates,carbides, phosphorous, iodides, picratres, fulminats, dienes, alcohols (when heated) Nitramide decomposes explosivelyon contact with concentrated sulfuric acid. 1,3,5-Trinitrosohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine + sulfuric acid causes explosivedecompositon.


Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Ifnecessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate.

Large Spill:Corrosive liquid. Poisonous liquid. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material.Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentrationlevel above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product.In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and showthe container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducingagents, combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis, moisture. May corrode metallic surfaces. Store in ametallic or coated fiberboard drum using a strong polyethylene inner package.

Storage:Hygroscopic. Reacts. violently with water. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do notstore above 23°C (73.4°F).



Personal Protection:Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Boots.


Exposure Limits:TWA: 1 STEL: 3 (mg/m3) [Australia] Inhalation TWA: 1 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] Inhalation TWA: 1 STEL: 3(mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] Inhalation TWA: 1 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] Inhalation TWA: 1(mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.


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Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Thick oily liquid.)

Odor: Odorless, but has a choking odor when hot.

Taste: Marked acid taste. (Strong.)


Color: Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): Acidic.

Boiling Point:270°C (518°F) - 340 deg. C Decomposes at 340 deg. C

Melting Point: -35°C (-31°F) to 10.36 deg. C (93% to 100% purity)



Vapor Pressure: Not available.



Odor Threshold: Not available.




Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water. Sulfuric is soluble in water with liberation of much heat. Soluble in ethyl alcohol.




Conditions of Instability:Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, excess heat, combustible material materials, organic materials, exposure to moistair or water, oxidizers, amines, bases. Always add the acid to water, never the reverse.

Incompatibility with various substances:Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Corrosivity:Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, of copper, of stainless steel(316). Highly corrosive in presence of stainlesssteel(304). Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Hygroscopic. Strong oxidizer. Reacts violently with water and alcohol especially when water is added to the product.Incompatible (can react explosively or dangerously) with the following: ACETIC ACID, ACRYLIC ACID, AMMONIUMHYDROXIDE, CRESOL, CUMENE, DICHLOROETHYL ETHER, ETHYLENE CYANOHYDRIN, ETHYLENEIMINE, NITRICACID, 2-NITROPROPANE, PROPYLENE OXIDE, SULFOLANE, VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, DIETHYLENE GLYCOLMONOMETHYL ETHER, ETHYL ACETATE, ETHYLENE CYANOHYDRIN, ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHERACETATE, GLYOXAL, METHYL ETHYL KETONE, dehydrating agents, organic materials, moisture (water), Acetic anhydride,Acetone, cyanohydrin, Acetone+nitric acid, Acetone + potassium dichromate, Acetonitrile, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Acrylonitrile+water, Alcohols + hydrogen peroxide, ally compounds such as Allyl alcohol, and Allyl Chloride, 2-Aminoethanol, Ammoniumhydroxide, Ammonium triperchromate, Aniline, Bromate + metals, Bromine pentafluoride, n-Butyraldehyde, Carbides, Cesiumacetylene carbide, Chlorates, Cyclopentanone oxime, chlorinates, Chlorates + metals, Chlorine trifluoride, Chlorosulfonicacid, 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzenediazonium hydrogen sulfate, Cuprous nitride, p-chloronitrobenzene, 1,5-Dinitronaphthlene +

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sulfur, Diisobutylene, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 1,3-Diazidobenzene, Dimethylbenzylcarbinol + hydrogen peroxide,Epichlorohydrin, Ethyl alcohol + hydrogen peroxide, Ethylene diamine, Ethylene glycol and other glycols, , Ethylenimine,Fulminates, hydrogen peroxide, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Iodine heptafluoride, Indane + nitric acid, Iron, Isoprene,Lithium silicide, Mercuric nitride, Mesityl oxide, Mercury nitride, Metals (powdered), Nitromethane, Nitric acid + glycerides,p-Nitrotoluene, Pentasilver trihydroxydiaminophosphate, Perchlorates, Perchloric acid, Permanganates + benzene, 1-Phenyl-2-methylpropyl alcohol + hydrogen peroxide, Phosphorus, Phosphorus isocyanate, Picrates, Potassium tert-butoxide,Potassium chlorate, Potassium Permanganate and other permanganates, halogens, amines, Potassium Permanganate +Potassium chloride, Potassium Permanganate + water, Propiolactone (beta)-, Pyridine, Rubidium aceteylene carbide, Silverpermanganate, Sodium, Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, Steel, styrene monomer, toluene + nitric acid, Vinyl acetate,Thalium (I) azidodithiocarbonate, Zinc chlorate, Zinc Iodide, azides, carbonates, cyanides, sulfides, sulfites, alkali hydrides,carboxylic acid anhydrides, nitriles, olefinic organics, aqueous acids, cyclopentadiene, cyano-alcohols, metal acetylides,Hydrogen gas is generated by the action of the acid on most metals (i.e. lead, copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, etc.). Concentratedsulfuric acid oxidizes, dehydrates, or sulfonates most organic compounds.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:Non-corrosive to lead and mild steel, but dillute acid attacks most metals. Attacks many metals releasing hydrogen. Minorcorrosive effect on bronze. No corrosion data on brass or zinc.




Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 2140 mg/kg [Rat.]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 320 mg/m3 2 hours [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC, + (Proven.) by OSHA. Classified A2 (Suspectedfor human.) by ACGIH. May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, lungs, heart, cardiovascular system, upperrespiratory tract, eyes, teeth.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant,permeator), of eye contact (corrosive), of ingestion, .


Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:Mutagenicity: Cytogenetic Analysis: Hamster, ovary = 4mmol/L Reproductive effects: May cause adverse reproductive effectsbased on animal data. Developmental abnormalities (musculoskeletal) in rabbits at a dose of 20 mg/m3 for 7 hrs.(RTECS)Teratogenecity: neither embryotoxic, fetoxic, nor teratogenetic in mice or rabbits at inhaled doses producing some maternaltoxicity

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Continued contact can cause tissue necrosis.Eye: Causes severe eye irritation and burns. May cause irreversible eye injury. Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May causepermanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestial tract burns. May cause perforation of the stomach, GIbleeding, edema of the glottis, necrosis and scarring, and sudden circulatory collapse(similar to acute inhalation). It mayalso cause systemic toxicity with acidosis. Inhalation: May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract and mucousmembranes with sore throat, coughing, shortness of breath, and delayed lung edema. Causes chemical burns to the repiratorytract. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis,and pulmonary edema. Cause corrosive action on mucous membranes. May affect cardiovascular system (hypotension,depressed cardiac output, bradycardia). Circulatory collapse with clammy skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow respiration, andscanty urine may follow. Circulatory shock is often the immediate cause of death. May also affect teeth(changes in teeth andsupporting structures - erosion, discoloration). Chronic Potential Health Effects: Inhalation: Prolonged or repeated inhalationmay affect behavior (muscle contraction or spasticity), urinary system (kidney damage), and cardiovascular system, heart(ischemic heart leisons), and respiratory system/lungs(pulmonary edema, lung damage), teeth (dental discoloration, erosion).Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis, an allergic skin reaction.

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Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 49 mg/l 48 hours [bluegill/sunfish].






Waste Disposal:Sulfuric acid may be placed in sealed container or absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. It may alsobe diluted and neutralized. Be sure to consult with local or regional authorities (waste regulators) prior to any disposal. Wastemust be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.


DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material

Identification: : Sulfuric acid UNNA: 1830 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Sulfuric acid New York release reporting list: Sulfuric acid RhodeIsland RTK hazardous substances: Sulfuric acid Pennsylvania RTK: Sulfuric acid Minnesota: Sulfuric acid MassachusettsRTK: Sulfuric acid New Jersey: Sulfuric acid California Director's List of Hazardous Substances (8 CCR 339): Sulfuric acidTennessee RTK: Sulfuric acid TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sulfuric acid SARA 302/304/311/312 extremely hazardous substances:Sulfuric acid SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Sulfuric acid CERCLA: Hazardous substances.:Sulfuric acid: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.

DSCL (EEC):R35- Causes severe burns. S2- Keep out of the reach of children. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately withplenty of water and seek medical advice. S30- Never add water to this product. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell,seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3

Fire Hazard: 0

Reactivity: 2

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Personal Protection:


Health: 3

Flammability: 0

Reactivity: 2

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Face shield.


References:-Material safety data sheet emitted by: la Commission de la Santé et de la Sécurité du Travail du Québec. -The Sigma-AldrichLibrary of Chemical Safety Data, Edition II. -Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., VanNostrand Reinold, 1987.


Created: 10/09/2005 11:58 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetToluene MSDS


Product Name: Toluene

Catalog Codes: SLT2857, SLT3277

CAS#: 108-88-3

RTECS: XS5250000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Toluene

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: Toluol, Tolu-Sol; Methylbenzene; Methacide;Phenylmethane; Methylbenzol

Chemical Name: Toluene

Chemical Formula: C6-H5-CH3 or C7-H8









Composition:


Toluene 108-88-3 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Toluene: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 636 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 14100 mg/kg[Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 49000 mg/m 4 hours [Rat]. 440 ppm 24 hours [Mouse].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case ofskin contact (permeator).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Notavailable. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, the nervous system, liver, brain, central nervous system (CNS).Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.


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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Get medical attention.





Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,tie, belt or waistband.





Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 4.4444°C (40°F). (Setaflash) OPEN CUP: 16°C (60.8°F).



Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.




Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Toluene forms explosive reaction with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolididione; dinitrogen tetraoxide; concentrated nitricacid, sulfuric acid + nitric acid; N2O4; AgClO4; BrF3; Uranium hexafluoride; sulfur dichloride. Also forms an explosive mixturewith tetranitromethane.



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Large Spill:Toxic flammable liquid, insoluble or very slightly soluble in water. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition.Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container.Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance ondisposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with localauthorities.


Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratoryequipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin andeyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents.






Exposure Limits:TWA: 200 STEL: 500 CEIL: 300 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 50 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States]SKIN TWA: 100 STEL: 150 from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 375 STEL: 560 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] Consultlocal authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Sweet, pungent, Benzene-like.



Color: Colorless.



Melting Point: -95°C (-139°F)

Critical Temperature: 318.6°C (605.5°F)


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Odor Threshold: 1.6 ppm




Solubility:Soluble in diethyl ether, acetone. Practically insoluble in cold water. Soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, glacial aceticacid, carbon disulfide. Solubility in water: 0.561 g/l @ 25 deg. C.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources (flames, sparks, static), incompatible materials



Special Remarks on Reactivity:Incompatible with strong oxidizers, silver perchlorate, sodium difluoride, Tetranitromethane, Uranium Hexafluoride. FrozenBromine Trifluoride reacts violently with Toluene at -80 deg. C. Reacts chemically with nitrogen oxides, or halogens to formnitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and nitrophenol and halogenated products, respectively.





Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 636 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 14100 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 44024 hours [Mouse].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.May cause damage to the following organs: blood, kidneys, the nervous system, liver, brain, central nervous system (CNS).


Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LDL [Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 50 mg/kg LCL [Rabbit] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 55000ppm/40min

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:Detected in maternal milk in human. Passes through the placental barrier in human. Embryotoxic and/or foetotoxic in animal.May cause adverse reproductive effects and birth defects (teratogenic). May affect genetic material (mutagenic)

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:

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Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes mild to moderate skin irritation. It can be absorbed to some extent throughthe skin. Eyes: Cauess mild to moderate eye irritation with a burning sensation. Splash contact with eyes also causesconjunctivitis, blepharospasm, corneal edema, corneal abraisons. This usually resolves in 2 days. Inhalation: Inhalationof vapor may cause respiratory tract irritation causing coughing and wheezing, and nasal discharge. Inhalation of highconcentrations may affect behavior and cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness,tremors, restlessness, lightheadedness, exhilaration, memory loss, insomnia, impaired reaction time, drowsiness, ataxia,hallucinations, somnolence, muscle contraction or spasticity, unconsciousness and coma. Inhalation of high concentration ofvapor may also affect the cardiovascular system (rapid heart beat, heart palpitations, increased or decreased blood pressure,dysrhythmia, ), respiration (acute pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, apnea, asphyxia), cause vision disturbancesand dilated pupils, and cause loss of appetite. Ingestion: Aspiration hazard. Aspiration of Toluene into the lungs may causechemical pneumonitis. May cause irritation of the digestive tract with nausea, vomiting, pain. May have effects similar to thatof acute inhalation. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Inhalation and Ingestion: Prolonged or repeated exposure via inhalationmay cause central nervous system and cardiovascular symptoms similar to that of acute inhalation and ingestion as well liverdamage/failure, kidney damage/failure (with hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, renal tubular acidosis), brain damage, weightloss, blood (pigmented or nucleated red blood cells, changes in white blood cell count), bone marrow changes, electrolyteimbalances (Hypokalemia, Hypophostatemia), severe, muscle weakness and Rhabdomyolysis. Skin: Repeated or prolongedskin contact may cause defatting dermatitis.


Ecotoxicity:Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 313 mg/l 48 hours [Daphnia (daphnia)]. 17 mg/l 24 hours [Fish (Blue Gill)]. 13 mg/l 96 hours [Fish(Blue Gill)]. 56 mg/l 24 hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)]. 34 mg/l 96 hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)]. 56.8 ppm any hours [Fish(Goldfish)].









Identification: : Toluene UNNA: 1294 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer,birth defects or other reproductive harm, which would require a warning under the statute: Toluene California prop. 65 (nosignificant risk level): Toluene: 7 mg/day (value) California prop. 65 (acceptable daily intake level): Toluene: 7 mg/day (value)California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birthdefects which would require a warning under the statute: Toluene Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Toluene Illinois

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toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Toluene Illinois chemical safety act: Toluene New York release reporting list:Toluene Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Toluene Pennsylvania RTK: Toluene Florida: Toluene Minnesota: TolueneMichigan critical material: Toluene Massachusetts RTK: Toluene Massachusetts spill list: Toluene New Jersey: Toluene NewJersey spill list: Toluene Louisiana spill reporting: Toluene California Director's List of Hazardous Substances.: Toluene TSCA8(b) inventory: Toluene TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: Toluene: Effective date: 10/04/82; Sunset Date: 10/0/92 SARA 313toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Toluene CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Toluene: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects(VERY TOXIC).

DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R20- Harmful by inhalation. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. S25- Avoidcontact with eyes. S29- Do not empty into drains. S33- Take precautionary measures against static discharges.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0



Health: 2

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/10/2005 08:30 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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3 2 0

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Fire

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2

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H

Material Safety Data SheetXylenes MSDS


Product Name: Xylenes

Catalog Codes: SLX1075, SLX1129, SLX1042, SLX1096

CAS#: 1330-20-7

RTECS: ZE2100000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Xylenes

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: Xylenes; Dimethylbenzene; xylol;methyltoluene

Chemical Name: Xylenes (o-, m-, p- isomers)

Chemical Formula: C6H4(CH3)2









Composition:


Xylenes 1330-20-7 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Xylenes: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 4300 mg/kg [Rat]. 2119 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL(LD50): Acute: >1700 mg/kg [Rabbit].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion,of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENICEFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, liver,mucous membranes, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance canproduce target organs damage.


Eye Contact:

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Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Get medical attention.










Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 24°C (75.2°F). (Tagliabue.) OPEN CUP: 37.8°C (100°F).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1% UPPER: 7%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of openflames and sparks, of heat.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam,water spray or fog. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Containers may explode when heated. May polymerize explosively when heated.An attempt to chlorinate xylene with 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidindione (dichlorohydrantoin) caused a violentexplosion



Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth,sand or other non-combustible material. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined

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areas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDSand with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratoryequipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin andeyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.






Exposure Limits:TWA: 100 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 435 (mg/m3) [Canada] TWA: 434 STEL: 651 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States]TWA: 100 STEL: 150 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.



Odor: Sweetish.



Color: Colorless. Clear










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Dispersion Properties: Not available.

Solubility:Insoluble in cold water, hot water. Miscible with absolute alcohol, ether, and many other organic liquids.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatibles

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.


Special Remarks on Reactivity: Store away from acetic acid, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine.





Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 2119 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): >1700 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):5000 4 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. May cause damage to the following organs: blood,kidneys, liver, mucous membranes, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Lethal Dose: LDL [Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 50 mg/kg LCL [Man] - Route: Oral; Dose: 10000 ppm/6H

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:Detected in maternal milk in human. Passes through the placental barrier in animal. Embryotoxic and/or foetotoxic in animal.May cause adverse reproductive effects (male and femael fertility (spontaneous abortion and fetotoxicity)) and birth defectsbased animal data.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes skin irritation. Can be absorbed through skin. Eyes: Causes eye irritation.Inhalation: Vapor causes respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation. May affect central nervous system and behavior(General anesthetic/CNS depressant with effects including headache, weakness, memory loss, irritability, dizziness, giddiness,loss of coordination and judgement, respiratory depression/arrest or difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,shivering, and possible coma and death). May also affects blood, sense organs, liver, and peripheral nerves. Ingestion: Maycause gastrointestinal irritation including abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. May also affect liver and urinary system/kidneys. May cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic inhalation may affectthe urinary system (kidneys) blood (anemia), bone marrow (hyperplasia of bone marrow) brain/behavior/Central Nervoussystem. Chronic inhalation may alsocause mucosal bleeding. Chronic ingestion may affect the liver and metabolism (loss ofappetite) and may affect urinary system (kidney damage)

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Identification: : Xylenes UNNA: 1307 PG: III



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Xylenes Illinois chemical safety act: Xylenes New York acutely hazardoussubstances: Xylenes Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Xylenes Pennsylvania RTK: Xylenes Minnesota: XylenesMichigan critical material: Xylenes Massachusetts RTK: Xylenes Massachusetts spill list: Xylenes New Jersey: Xylenes NewJersey spill list: Xylenes Louisiana spill reporting: Xylenes California Director's List of Hazardous Substances: Xylenes TSCA8(b) inventory: Xylenes SARA 302/304/311/312 hazardous chemicals: Xylenes SARA 313 toxic chemical notification andrelease reporting: Xylenes CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Xylenes: 100 lbs. (45.36 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects(VERY TOXIC).

DSCL (EEC):R10- Flammable. R21- Harmful in contact with skin. R36/38- Irritating to eyes and skin. S2- Keep out of the reach of children.S36/37- Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S46- If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show thiscontainer or label.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0


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Health: 2

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/11/2005 12:54 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Annexure-VIII

Undertaking from consultant

0 5 !s ! . UNDERTAKING - ! $Jil

I, Dr. Mahendra Sadaria, EIA Coordinator of San Envirotech ~ v t 3 Ltd.

b g t X

located at 424, Medicine Market, Paldi Cross Road, Paldi, Al-~me bad 5 P

undertake that;

I undertake that, prescribed TORS have been complied with and the

submitted is factually correct.

I hereby declare that, what is sta

knowledge and same I believed to

Date: 01/02/2017

Place: Ahmedabad

ted

be

herein above

true.

Name: Dr.

is true to tl

Mahendra

Designation: EIA ~oordinatoi m

6683 8524293

Signature:

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Annexure-IX

Copy of Terms of Reference (TOR)

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MINUTES OF 24TH EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE (INDUSTRY-2) MEETING HELD DURING 14TH TO 16TH JUNE 2017 IN BRAHMAPUTRA HALL, VAYU WING, THIRD FLOOR, MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE, INDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWAN, ALIGANJ, JOARBAGH ROAD, NEW DELHI -110003.

24.1 Opening Remarks of the Chairman 24.2. Confirmation of the Minutes of the 23nd Meetings of the EAC (Industry-2) held during 3rd

to 5th May 2017 at New Delhi. 24.2.1 Correction in the Minutes of EAC: [A]. Proposed Revamp of Diesel Hydro De-Sulphurisation (DHDS) unit from 1.8 MMTPA to 2.34 MMTPA and BS-VI Fuel quality upgradation project (Revamp of DHDT unit, New FCC GDS unit and SRU Block for MS quality upgradation & increased BS-VI Diesel production) by M/s Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited at Manali Village, Ambattur Taluk, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu. [Proposal No: IA/TN/IND2/60940/2016, File No: J-11011/42/2016-IA II(I) and J-11011/190/2016-IA II(I)]-Correction in Minutes-reg

The proposal for EC was considered in the 22nd Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) meeting held during 17th -18th April 2017:

The PP has requested for correction in the Minutes of 22nd Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) meeting as per the details below:

S.No As existing in MoM presently Correction required as Remarks 1 The proposed products and

capacities are (Page 49, Section iv)

Units Existing Proposed DHDS 1.8

MMTPA 2.34 MMTPA

DHDT 1.8 MMTPA

2.4 MMTPA

VGO treating in DHDS

NIL 0.5 MMTPA

New FCC GDS Unit

NIL 0.6 MMTPA

New SRU

NIL 200 D

The proposed products and capacities are

Units Existing Proposed DHDS 1.8

MMTPA 2.34 MMTPA

DHDT 1.8 MMTPA

2.4 MMTPA

VGO treating in DHDS

NIL 0.5 MMTPA

New FCC GDS Unit

NIL 0.6 MMTPA

New SRU

NIL 200 TPD

Page 13, EIA Report)

2 The project will be executed in existing land of the refinery. The total quantity of 12 MGD is required for the Post BS IV and BS VI unit, additional water

The project will be executed in existing land of the refinery. The total quantity of 12 MGD is required for the Post BS IV and BS VI unit, additional fresh

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8 Ammonium Sulphate Solution (15%) 0 473.6 473.6

9 Acetic Acid (30%) 0 708 708

10 Acetic Acid (45%) 0 472 472

11 Acetic Acid (99%) 0 214.5 214.5

12 Sodium Acetate (27%) 0 1075 1075

13 Sodium Sulphate 0 83.2 83.2

14 NaBr 0 2750 2750

TOTAL 100 9580.35 9680.35

EAC has deliberated on the proposal. EAC noted that the project is located in the notified Industrial area. Public Hearing is exempted under the provisions as per para 7 III. Stage (3) (b) of the EIA Notification, 2006. In view of the submissions of the PP the EAC also accepted the request to allow discharge of treated effluent from the unit to the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) Tarapur for further treatment and disposal.

EAC after deliberation has recommended for amendment in TOR letter no. J-11011/7/2017-IA-II(I) dated 29.04.2017, exempting public hearing, removing the ZLD condition and to include the corrected product/by-product list.

24.10.3 Proposal for manufacture pesticides and its intermediate at Plot No. SPM-29, Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd. At & Po: Sarod-392180, Tal: Jambusar, District: Bharuch M/s. PI Industries Limited (Unit II)- TOR amendment reg. [IA/GJ/IND2/61491/2017, IA-J-11011/6/2017-IA-II(I)] The PP and their consultant M/s San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., has made detailed presentation on the proposal and requested for amendment in the TOR letter based on the following information:

i. The proposal is for amendment of TOR to exempt public hearing and ZLD condition in the TOR letter no. J-11011/6/2017-IA-II(I) dated 28.04.2017 regarding Proposal for manufacture pesticides and its intermediate at Plot No. SPM-29, Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd. At & Po: Sarod-392180, Tal: Jambusar, District: Bharuch M/s. PI Industries Limited (Unit II).

ii. It is informed that, in the proposed project, estimated wastewater generation will be tune around 1385 kl/day. Unit has considered ZLD for the effluent generated from reaction processes. Out of the total estimated process effluent, 60 kl/day of organic effluent having pesticide contamination will be incinerated and 292 kl/day of effluent containing high TDS will be evaporated in MEE equipped with stripper.

iii. Remaining lean streams with low TDS and low COD, mainly from utilities, are proposed to be sent for treatment in effluent treatment plant. Unit will utilize RO and reduce treated effluent discharge from earlier proposed 1172 KL/day to 500 m3/day. Unit will utilize Environmental facilities of our adjoining unit, which is at the adjacent plot, which has excess capacity of overall EMS including ETP, MEE and incinerator.

iv. The unit proposes to discharge Low TDS and low COD effluent with reduced quantity of 500 m3/day into Gulf of Cambay after treatment through approved channel of VECL.

v. PP has also informed that, the proposed location is in the notified Industrial Area of Sterling SEZ & Infrastructure Ltd. and it is developed after obtaining Environmental

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Clearance and passing through Public Hearing process as per the EIA Notification, 2006.

EAC has deliberated on the proposal. EAC noted that the project is located in the notified Industrial area. Public Hearing is exempted under the provisions as per para 7 III. Stage (3) (b) of the EIA Notification, 2006. EAC has also noted that the PP proposed to discharge the effluent into Gulf of Cambay after treatment through VECL. EAC after deliberation has recommended for amendment in TOR letter no. J-11011/6/2017-IA-II(I) dated 28.04.2017, exempting from public hearing and ZLD conditions.

24.10.4 Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) with Proposed Production Capacity: 2469 MT/month and byproducts capacity : 5837 MT/month at Plot no- K-2/1/2, Additional MIDC Mahad , Mahad, Raigad, Maharashtra by M/s Sanjivani Paranteral Limited. –reg. TOR amendment [IA/MH/IND2/62425/2017, IA-J-11011/40/2017-IA-II(I)] The PP and their consultant M/s Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., has made detailed presentation on the proposal and requested for amendment in the TOR letter based on the following information:

i. The proposal is for amendment of TOR to exempt public hearing and to include the details of consent to operate obtained for formulation in the TOR letter no. J-11011/40/2017-IA-II(I) dated 29.04.2017 regarding proposed Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) with proposed Production Capacity: 2469 MT/month. and byproducts capacity : 5837 MT/month at Plot no- K-2/1/2, Additional MIDC Mahad , Mahad, Raigad, Maharashtra by M/s Sanjivani Paranteral Limited.

ii. It is informed that, the project is located in the notified Industrial area. iii. The PP has also informed that, they have obtained Consent to establish vide No.

MPCB/16/10263 dated 24.10.2016 for Cefolasporin (pharmaceutical formulation) for a capacity of 1500 kg/M, which is not covered under EIA Notification.

EAC has deliberated on the proposal. EAC noted that the project is located in the notified Industrial area. Public Hearing is exempted under the provisions as per para 7 III. Stage (3) (b) of the EIA Notification, 2006. EAC has also noted that the PP has obtained Consent to establish for Cefolasporin (pharmaceutical formulation) from SPCB, which is not covered under EIA Notification.

EAC after deliberation has recommended for amendment in TOR letter no. J-11011/40/2017-IA-II(I) dated 29.04.2017, exempting public hearing and to include the details of Consent to establish for Cefolasporin (pharmaceutical formulation) obtained from SPCB.

24.10.5 Proposed Synthetic Organic, Drugs, Drug Intermediates and Excipients Manufacturing

Unit of M/s Balaji Greentec Products Ltd. At Sy. No: 472,644,647,648(A), 649(A), 649(B), 650,651 & 652, Nandikandi (V), Sadasivapet (M), Medak District, Telangana State- Amendment of TOR reg.- [IA/TG/IND2/58975/2016, J - 11011/326/2016 – IA II (I)] The PP and their consultant M/s Rightsource Industrial Solutions Pvt. Ltd., has made detailed presentation on the proposal and requested for amendment in the TOR letter based on the following information:

i. The proposal is for amendment of TOR for changes in product list and total production,

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Documents

PI Industries Ltd. (Unit-II) - environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/190220189DVWP59DEIA... · 2.17 Rain Water Harvesting 2-17 2.18 Greenbelt Development