PIA 3090

Comparative Public Administration

Presentations

1. Golden Oldies

2. Literary Map

3. Grand Synthesis

The Issues

Recruitment, Education

and Training

Focus: Entry into Public Sector

Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?

Every Man a King

Three Models of Recruitment

1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage

2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control

3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability

4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)

Mini-Discussion

What is the best way to recruit?

Political

Merit

Representation

Recruitment Problems

a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment

b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process

c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions

Recruitment in Guyana (South America)

Human Resource Development

1. The Key to Merit

2. Issue: the difference between Education and Training

3. Professional vs. Management

The Difference

Training Education

Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- Importance of "Professional Class”

Role of Professional Schools in producing that class.

U.S model of open System

Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs

The U.S. System

Early, middle or late entry

Deep political control and

The possibility of "in and out"

TEN MINUTE BREAK

European Systems- Inherited by Much of World

1. Historically closed

2. Class based and

3. Limited to early entry

Arthur Boyd(1920 - 1999)’S Painting: The Half Caste Child

Differences in Closed Classes

Differences in Closed Classes-

administrative professional Executive Technical Clerical Industrial

Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education

Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844.

Armstrong's Classification

Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)

Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model

Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Soviet reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)

Cézanne, “Still life with skull”

Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections

The European choice and the elites - a la' mode

Française

The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates U.S. - Race and Gender

Europe- Culture and Religion

South Africa: Ethnicity

Asia: Language

Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective

Territorial Administration

Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia

Integrated vs. Un-integrated

Territorial vs. Function

The French Prefet

Top Administrators

a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist

b. Russia- Engineers

c. France- Legal/Technical

d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist

e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse

A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice

Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid

a. Concept of training

b. Public Administration- skills

c. analogy- business administration and engineering as models

Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa

Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy

Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

Question/Discussion

What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries?

The Comarison

Comprehensive Question of the Day

Armstrong's argument that education and training are critical variables in understanding "development" strategies in Western Europe and Soviet Union. Discuss. Apply them to at least one other region of the world.

The Only Game in Town

A Second Question

It has been said that in terms of public sector reform, education and recruitment issues are the "only game in town." Defend or critique. How does recruitment relate to representation vs. merit issues?