Pick the low-hanging fruit first -- nothing succeeds like success!

Keep your eye on the ball --Dont let the best become the enemy of the good!

Reform is dialectic, not mechanical:OED progress take place more through unbalanced development than comprehensive planning approaches.

Reforms must provide returns for the politicians who are willing to make the changes.

Thus Three Gorges is as much about political symbolism as it is about flood protection and hydropower

The overriding lesson:Be realistic, patient and persistent

The principles are known. But there are no quick fixes

Good ideas are often presented as silver bullets.. .. They then fail, and the danger is that the baby is then thrown out with the bathwater

The challenge for the Bank on water resource managementPrinciples (Dublin/1993 WRMPP) matter and must be used as a filter to judge actions Progress is sequential, slow and determined by broader political economy Therefore:PRINCIPLED PRAGMATISM as the form of Bank engagement

The Story LineWater management and development are vital for growth and poverty reductionThe method for developing this StrategyBetter water management is essentialMost developing countries also need investment in priority water infrastructureTailoring the strategy to country circumstancesSummary and Next Steps

Many developing countries have high climatic variability

And likely to become still more variable with climate change

And thus rising toll of droughts and floods.. With dramatic human and economic impacts..

Indian Minister of Finance Every budget is a gamble on the monsoon

While OECD countries have much of the major infrastructure needed (and sometimes too much!) the situation is radically different in most developing countries

Endowments of water infrastructure..US and Australia have ~5000 m3/cap; China has 2,400;India has 130 m3/capEthiopia has 50 m3/cap

Similar comparisons in major river basins in arid areas.Colorado, Murray/Darling have 900 days of water storage capacity India and Pakistanhave about 30 days of water storage capacity

EuropeNorth AmericaAfricaSouth AmericaChinaAsia (excl China)

Major conclusions:For developing countries:Improved management of resources and infrastructure are vitalAppropriate stocks of infrastructure are equally important at many levels

And what about the financing of this infrastructure?

Banks borrowers are increasingly having to contemplate major inter-basin and sometimes inter-national transfer schemes

How to halt the decline of the Dead Sea?MIDDLE EAST

Red-Dead PipelinePurposes:To restore the Dead SeaTo generation powerTo desalinate water for citiesCost? ~$3 billion

Yangtse BasinHaihe BasinSouth-North Transfer OptionsEAST ASIACost? ~$40 billion

LATIN AMERICACost? ~$3 billion

Lesotho Highlands Water Project Southern AfricaLHWPWater PoorWater RichOVTSTVTSAFRICACost? ~$4 billion

In many developing countries the water crisis is a financing crisis

Where is the money going to come from?And what is the role of the World Bank ?

Main messages:Amounts are very large relative to official aidFlows are volatileConcentrated in middle income countriesOnly about 5% to high risk hydro and 5% to water supply

Chart2

74.219846212.219840

202.9162.4198540.519850

664.565.6531.761.519865.7

1238.9540524.9984432

9873.46567.83.6330219880

7652.929141181.13199.783.6274.5

63355.756423.82851.23078.519901002.2

20114.916769973.62296.675.70

26848.93385.518898.32627.21564.8373.1

38829.612642.715037.85197.74166.51784.9

68357.442251.815946.38576.2410.41172.7

55997.319397.922324.99877.71467.92928.9

78208.323059.129494.8152091993.58451.9

112756.532877.244820.117828.383398891.9

120852.27048926309.516968.63625.13460

35355.69392.710979.36368.14921.13694.4

54115.516146.820703.28636.74557.14071.7

3969414967.810400.29579.52337.52409

23324.61629.114754.150721523346.4

TOTAL

TELECOM

ENERGY

TRANSPORT

WATSAN

HYDRO

Million $ a year

Private Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries 1984 - 2002

All Graphs-Pvt Inv Infr

PPI

Million US$

YearsEnergyTelecomTransportW&SHydroTotal

19846212.20.0074.2

1985162.440.50.00202.9

1986531.765.661.55.70664.5

1987524.9540984432.001238.9

19883.66,567.803,302.000.009873.4

19891,181.102,914.003,199.7083.6274.507652.9

19902,851.2056,423.803,078.501,002.2063355.7

1991973.616,769.002,296.6075.70.0020114.9

199218,898.303,385.502,627.201,564.80373.1026848.9

199315,037.8012,642.705,197.704,166.501,784.9038829.6

199415,946.3042,251.808,576.20410.41,172.7068357.4

199522,324.9019,397.909,877.701,467.902,928.9055997.3

199629,494.8023,059.1015,209.001,993.508,451.9078208.3

199744,820.1032,877.2017,828.308,339.008,891.90112756.5

199826,309.5070,489.0016,968.603,625.103,460.00120852.2

199910,979.309,392.706,368.104,921.103,694.4035355.6

200020,703.2016,146.808,636.704,557.104,071.7054115.5

200110,400.2014,967.809,579.502,337.502,409.0039694

200214,754.101,629.105,072.001,523.00346.4023324.6

A

All Graphs-Pvt Inv Infr

Total Investment

Years

Million US$

Total Private Investment in Infrastructure, 1984-2002

AggregateReportExcel.asp report

All Investments

Telecom

Energy

Transport

Hydro

WSS

Energy

Telecom

Transport

Water & Sanitation

Hydro

All Investment

Years

Million US$

Sectoral and Total Private Investment in Infrastructure, 1984-2002

62198412.219840

1985162.440.519850

531.765.661.519865.7

524.9540984432

3.66567.8330219880

1181.129143199.783.6274.5

2851.256423.83078.519901002.2

973.6167692296.675.70

18898.33385.52627.21564.8373.1

15037.812642.75197.74166.51784.9

15946.342251.88576.2410.41172.7

22324.919397.99877.71467.92928.9

29494.823059.1152091993.58451.9

44820.132877.217828.383398891.9

26309.57048916968.63625.13460

10979.39392.76368.14921.13694.4

20703.216146.88636.74557.14071.7

10400.214967.89579.52337.52409

14754.11629.150721523346.4

Telecom

Energy

W&S

Transport

Hydro

energy

Telecom

Transport

Water and Sanitation

Hydropower

Years

US $ Millions

Private Investment in Infrastructure, 1984-2002

Primary SectorFinancial Closure YearTotal Investment in Government AssetsTotal Investment in FacilitiesTotal Investment

(US$ millions)(US$ millions)(US$ millions)

Energy198406262

1985

Energy19865.7526531.7

Energy1987116.6408.3524.9

Energy19883.603.6

Energy1989726.6454.51,181.10

Energy1990665.42,185.802,851.20

Energy19910973.6973.6

Energy19927,732.3011,165.9018,898.30

Energy19933,600.4011,437.4015,037.80

Energy19943,353.6012,592.7015,946.30

Energy19956,174.4016,150.5022,324.90

Energy19967,302.7022,192.1029,494.80

Energy199719,772.1025,048.0044,820.10

Energy199811,255.9015,053.6026,309.50

Energy19994,240.806,738.5010,979.30

Energy20003,199.3017,503.9020,703.20

Energy20012,063.208,337.0010,400.20

Energy20028,115.406,638.7014,754.10

Total78,327.90157,468.50235,796.40

1984

Telecom19850162.4162.4

Telecom1986065.665.6

Telecom198722518540

Telecom1988287.86,280.006,567.80

Telecom1989882,826.002,914.00

Telecom199012,745.3043,678.5056,423.80

Telecom199113,044.0016,769.00

Telecom1992131.53,254.003,385.50

Telecom19933,538.809,103.9012,642.70

Telecom199410,205.0032,046.8042,251.80

Telecom19954,579.3014,818.6019,397.90

Telecom19965,383.3017,675.8023,059.10

Telecom199715,914.2016,963.0032,877.20

Telecom199832,569.5037,919.5070,489.00

Telecom19993,142.806,249.909,392.70

Telecom200012,061.604,085.2016,146.80

Telecom20014,063.0010,904.8014,967.80

Telecom20021,414.40214.71,629.10

Total109,871.50219,810.70329,682.20

Transport1984012.212.2

Transport19854.935.640.5

Transport19860.760.861.5

Transport198709898

Transport198803,302.003,302.00

Transport198903,199.703,199.70

Transport199003,078.503,078.50

Transport1991192,277.602,296.60

Transport1992232.82,394.402,627.20

Transport199394.95,102.805,197.70

Transport1994226.18,350.108,576.20

Transport1995438.39,439.409,877.70

Transport19962,994.3012,214.7015,209.00

Transport19974,089.4013,738.9017,828.30

Transport19984,146.0012,822.6016,968.60

Transport19992,183.304,184.806,368.10

Transport20001,497.707,139.008,636.70

Transport2001576.39,003.209,579.50

Transport2002203.24,868.805,072.00

Total16,706.90101,323.10118,030.00

Water and sewerage1984




1988

Water and sewerage19890.383.383.6


Water and sewerage19910.77575.7

Water and sewerage199261,558.801,564.80

Water and sewerage199361.54,105.004,166.50

Water and sewerage199421.9388.5410.4





Water and sewerage19991,329.903,591.204,921.10



Water and sewerage2002251,498.001,523.00

Total3,953.5031,155.7035,109.20

Grand Total718,617.70

Hydropower19840.00

Hydropower19850.00

Hydropower19865.70

Hydropower198732.00

Hydroipower19880.00

Hydropower1989274.50

Hydropower19901,002.20

Hydroipower19910.00



Hydroipower19941,172.70



Hydroipower19978,891.90






Total Investments198474.2

















Total Investments200139694


Telecom

TOTAL

TELECOM

ENERGY

TRANSPORT

WATSAN

HYDRO

Million $ a year

Private Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries 1984 - 2002

1984

1984

1984

1984

1984

1984

1985

1985

1985

1985

1985

1985

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1987

1987

1987

1987

1987

1987

1988

1988

1988

1988

1988

1988

1989

1989

1989

1989

1989

1989

1990

1990

1990

1990

1990

1990

1991

1991

1991

1991

1991

1991

1992

1992

1992

1992

1992

1992

1993

1993

1993

1993

1993

1993

1994

1994

1994

1994

1994

1994

1995

1995

1995

1995

1995

1995

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1997

1997

1997

1997

1997

1997

1998

1998

1998

1998

1998

1998

1999

1999

1999

1999

1999

1999

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

74.2

62

12.2

0

202.9

162.4

40.5

0

664.5

65.6

531.7

61.5

5.7

1238.9

540

524.9

98

44

32

9873.4

6567.8

3.6

3302

0

7652.9

2914

1181.1

3199.7

83.6

274.5

63355.7

56423.8

2851.2

3078.5

1002.2

20114.9

16769

973.6

2296.6

75.7

0

26848.9

3385.5

18898.3

2627.2

1564.8

373.1

38829.6

12642.7

15037.8

5197.7

4166.5

1784.9

68357.4

42251.8

15946.3

8576.2

410.4

1172.7

55997.3

19397.9

22324.9

9877.7

1467.9

2928.9

78208.3

23059.1

29494.8

15209

1993.5

8451.9

112756.5

32877.2

44820.1

17828.3

8339

8891.9

120852.2

70489

26309.5

16968.6

3625.1

3460

35355.6

9392.7

10979.3

6368.1

4921.1

3694.4

54115.5

16146.8

20703.2

8636.7

4557.1

4071.7

39694

14967.8

10400.2

9579.5

2337.5

2409

23324.6

1629.1

14754.1

5072

1523

346.4

Telecom

Total Invest

Energy

Transp

Hydro

W&S

energy

Telecom

Transport

Water and Sanitation

Hydropower

Total Investments

Years

US $ Millions

Private Investment in Infrastructure, 1984-2002

TOTAL

TELECOM

ENERGY

TRANSPORT

WATSAN

HYDRO

The public sector will necessarily play the major role in much financing of water infrastructurePublic

Private

Thermal Power generationBus TransportRail FreightsRoadsPassenger trainsGas pipelinesBulk water supplyUrban water supplyRural waterRural electrificationSewerage/SanitationSolid WasteMetro

Rural roadsMultipurpose damsRun of the river hydroTelecoms

The last decade has largely been a lost decadeThe combined effect of:A nave view that the private sector will take care of infrastructure andAntagonism to infrastructure among advocacy NGOs, and support for those views by a number of developed country owners of the Bank.

in recent years there have been major questions among the Banks owners about Bank financing of major infrastructure.. With Sardar Sarovar on the Narmada the poster case.

The sharp decline in the World Banks involvement in large dam construction in the developing world

Irrigation lending has declined sharply

Chart2

1979

2353.6336158204

2011.2218351489

1695.6630386966

1596.8588803701

1643.2730320904

1705.8723094071

1446.8351199891

1388.162030295

1030.2974123055

1195.0017798232

1100.1517181071

1261.441076573

1185.7744479718

1324.2284360432

1255.4379741498

1191.0526492636

1004.7970140299

917.4103504061

959.9342510909

873.1884029231

638.0404507753

456.5832145334

2002

Average commitments on 2002 dollars

year

Million (2002) USD

World Bank Commitments (3 year moving average) in 2002 USD

Sheet1 (2)

YearNumber of ProjectCommitment on Million USD (current dollars)Average of the commitment on Millions USD (current dollars)Commitments on 2002 dollars basedAverage commitments on 2002 dollarsAverage of commitments by project on real dollars 2002

1979251120.544.822547.1474904165101.8858996167

1980211328111663.238095238153.14285714292785.68654923062353.6336158204132.6517404396108.4961748927

198119899.51030.833333333347.342105263254.25438596491728.06680781392011.221835148990.9508846218113.5063147231

198213865958.633333333366.538461538573.7410256411519.91214840221695.6630386966116.916319107999.9392372411

1983201111.4958.633333333355.5747.93166666671839.01015987371596.858880370191.9505079937106.3313611578

198413899.51030.769.192307692379.28461538461431.65433283451643.2730320904110.1272563719106.8629358257

1985141081.21114.677.228571428679.61428571431659.15460356281705.8723094071118.5110431116121.2529440906

1986151363.1964.766666666790.873333333364.31777777782026.80799182411446.8351199891135.1205327883111.8164738241

19878450954.656.25119.325654.54276458031388.16203029581.8178455725110.3419039275

1988131050.7733.033333333380.823076923156.38717948721483.13533448051030.2974123055114.0873334216110.6928757531

19897698.4874.399.7714285714124.9953.21413785571195.0017798232136.1734482651121.7087894667

199010873.8839.866666666787.3883.98666666671148.65586713341100.1517181071114.8655867133120.0004404271

199111947.4999.586.127272727390.86363636361198.58514933231261.441076573108.9622863029134.4877165577

199281177.3966.0666666667147.1625120.75833333331437.08221325341185.7744479718179.6352766567130.3345943691

19939773.51112.566666666785.9444444444123.6185185185921.65598132961324.2284360432102.4062201477153.7896512884

199491386.91079.9666666667154.1119.99629629631613.94711354661255.4379741498179.3274570607125.4679136226

1995131079.51039.766666666783.038461538579.98205128211230.71082757321191.052649263694.6700636595131.8047294996

19966652.9898.8333333333108.8166666667149.8055555556728.50000667111004.7970140299121.4166677785115.9947524729

19978964.1839.7666666667120.5125104.97083333331055.1802078455917.4103504061131.8975259807124.794349449

19988902.3891.3333333333112.7875111.4166666667968.5508367016959.9342510909121.0688545877116.0284864386

19999807.6823.789.733333333391.5222222222856.0717087255873.188402923195.119078747398.5607332231

200010761.2608.766666666776.1260.8766666667794.9426633421638.040450775379.494266334270.7333521823

20017257.5443.466666666736.785714285763.3523809524263.1069802582456.583214533437.586711465565.0019925999

20024311.777.925311.777.925

Commitment on 2002 dollars basedAverage commitment on 2002 dollars based on the Inflation, inflation GDP (annual %) of the United States of America

Sheet1 (2)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0


year

Million (2002) USD

World Bank Commitments (3 year moving average) in 2002 USD

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Commitments on 2002 dollars based


Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Average of commitments by project on real dollars 2002

year

Million dollars

Sheet3

YearNumber of ProjectCommitment on Million USD (current dollars)Commitment on 2002 dollars based on the Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) of the United States of AmericaCommitment on 2002 dollars based on the Inflation, inflation GDP (annual %) of the United States of America

1979251120.53040.99648934042547.1474904165

19802113283239.21285300812785.6865492306

198119899.51932.90623380461728.0668078139

1982138651684.95814145321519.9121484022

1983201111.42039.29436483861839.0101598737

198413899.51599.11129679531431.6543328345

1985141081.21842.58426634751659.1546035628

1986151363.12243.1189144722026.8079918241

19878450727.0073610245654.5427645803

1988131050.71636.270625171483.1353344805

19897698.41045.7053738849953.2141378557

199010873.81248.08455164951148.6558671334

199111947.41283.90574982431198.5851493323

199281177.31530.64156669071437.0822132534

19939773.5976.0856927481921.6559813296

199491386.91699.96280379781613.9471135466

1995131079.51289.54957258951230.7108275732

19966652.9758.6580484998728.5000066711

19978964.11088.36470082391055.1802078455

19988902.3995.3315342579968.5508367016

19999807.6877.2503816755856.0717087255

200010761.2809.1442827506794.9426633421

20017257.5264.7773895085263.1069802582

20024311.7311.7311.7

Sheet3

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

Number of Project

Commitment on Million USD (current dollars)

Commitment on 2002 dollars based on the Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) of the United States of America

Commitment on 2002 dollars based on the Inflation, inflation GDP (annual %) of the United States of America

Year

Millions Dollars

Commitment in the AI projects (with and whitout the inflation)

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

As has lending for water and sanitation

Chart1

1506

1804

1982

1581

1365

1200

981

1268

1204

493

Chart1 (2)

983

1506

1804

1982

1581

1365

1200

981

1268

1204

493

Total

Data Tables 1

Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)

Regional Break Down (US$m)

FYFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY97-02FY90-02

AFR271.5272.4442.172.087.4313.6169.466.2140.2121.7145.7357.8112.2943.82,572.3

EAP357.7286.1203.1558.8391.6233.5605.2744.9286.6407.8524.0385.632.02,380.85,016.8

ECA185.630.4148.3147.4249.979.863.6243.3136.688.1176.3114.2822.01,663.4

LCR62.5518.0303.5310.1724.3678.2286.0245.6373.8110.8268.7215.949.81,264.64,147.2

MNA12.09.92.3201.8311.027.8131.5153.0133.186.9220.515.639.6648.81,345.0

SAR85.4343.61.2214.8142.7479.5309.292.523.3117.621.452.3144.9451.92,028.2

Total974.61,430.0982.61,505.91,804.41,982.51,581.11,365.71,200.3981.41,268.41,203.4492.86,512.016,773.0

Dedicated Vs. Non-Dedicated Breakdown (US$m)

MappingFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY97-02FY90-02

TOTAL974.61,430.0982.61,505.91,804.41,982.51,581.11,365.71,200.3981.41,268.41,203.4492.86,512.016,773.0

Dedicated813.91,098.6634.8974.81,087.01,041.41,006.9441.3611.1394.0712.8834.7369.13,362.910,020.359.7%52%57%74.9%69%0.5619639246

Non-Dedicated160.7331.4347.7531.1717.4941.1574.2924.4589.2587.5555.6368.7123.73,149.16,752.740.3%48%43%25.1%

Econ. Pol.8.07.19.08.424.532.559.3%

Education0.724.044.022.522.591.2

Energy & Mining0.88.69.39.3

ENV21.735.879.6246.1106.9162.127.98.4177.227.7173.692.94.1484.01,164.1

Financ. Sec.6.40.66.26.67.213.827.0

HNP6.214.69.914.540.65.045.690.7

PSD1.4188.051.819.127.043.311.44.4105.2346.4

Publ. Sec. Govern.50.048.55.045.01.10.889.18.7149.8248.3

Rural Sector2.628.5149.618.7183.9101.1115.4484.061.3168.5189.973.724.41,001.81,601.7

Soc. Dev.5.03.40.79.19.1

Soc. Protect.17.43.33.02.75.580.193.620.881.053.076.715.0340.1452.2

Transport11.39.316.725.758.819.35.85.36.095.2158.2

Urban Dev.112.5183.8105.4236.1393.6395.7247.0255.5223.7251.645.618.253.7848.22,522.2

Sanitation Vs. Water Supply Breakdown (US$m)

Sector \ Fiscal yearFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY97-02FY90-02

General WSS114.6272.9115.2641.9455.0539.8575.5371.8374.9369.4221.9298.984.61,721.54,436.4

Sanitation30.2156.314.879.024.091.8150.7119.911.29.282.591.5121.4435.8982.6

Sewerage302.0131.7181.8374.9417.1264.7634.7149.7225.8160.8642.6388.322.11,589.43,896.2

Water Suppl.527.8869.2670.8410.1908.31,086.2220.2724.3588.2442.0321.3424.7264.62,765.27,457.8

Total974.61,430.0982.61,505.91,804.41,982.51,581.11,365.71,200.3981.41,268.41,203.4492.86,512.016,773.0

MappingFY98-02

Dedicated2,922

Econ. Pol.24.50.5%

Education22.50.4%

Energy & Mining9.30.2%

ENV475.6

Financ. Sec.13.8

HNP45.6

PSD86.1

Publ. Sec. Govern.144.8

Rural Sec.517.8

Soc. Dev.9.1

Soc. Protect.246.5

Transport36.4

Urban Dev.592.7

Grand Total5,146.2

Current Prices

MappingFY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02

Total9831,5061,8041,9821,5811,3651,2009811,2681,204493

Dedicated6359751,0871,0411,007441611394713835369

Non-Dedicated348531717941574924589587555369124

Constant 2002 prices

MappingFY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02

Lending (US$m) constant 2002 prices1,266.01,884.02,199.02,351.01,822.01,537.01,330.01,064.01,330.01,228.0493.0

YearDedicatedNon-dedicatedTotal, current pricesTotal, constant 2002 prices

19908141619751,349

19911,0993311,4301,897

19926353489831,266

19939755311.5061,884

19941,0877171,8042,199

19951,0419411,9822,351

19961,0075741,5811,822

19974419241,3651,537

19986115891,2001,330

19993945879811,064

20007135551,2681,330

20018353691,2031,228

2002369124493493

Data Tables 2

Water Supply & Sanitation Components - IBRD/IDA Lending Approvals (FY98-02)

Regional Breakdown (US$m)

RegionAFREAPECALCRMNASARTOTAL

Dedicated501.81,078.1481.2393.0270.9196.52,922

Non-Dedicated375.8557.8277.2626.0224.9162.92,225

Econ. Pol.20.93.625

Education22.523

Energy & Mining9.39

ENV16.0171.126.1234.727.7476

Fin. Sec.6.67.214

HNP42.92.646

PSD46.834.35.086

Publ. Sec. Gov.32.846.17.258.6145

Rural Sector45.0196.522.2152.870.331.1518

Soc. Dev.3.45.79

Soc. Protect.103.522.034.571.615.0247

Transport17.119.336

Urban Dev.98.162.1177.046.6134.674.4593

AAA (No. Operations)Livable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.All

Total2333103197

AFR866929

EAP11013

ECA35008

LCR24219

MNA81521944

SAR12014

Current AAA (No. Operations)Livable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.All

Share23.7%34.0%10.3%32.0%100.0%

Current Lending (US$m)Livable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.All

Share24.3%24.6%17.5%33.6%100.0%

Lending (US$m)Livable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.All

FY0224.3%24.6%17.5%33.6%100.0%

High Case Scenario20.5%25.8%25.3%28.3%100.0%

Current (No. Operations)Livable CitiesInvestment ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Lending24.3%24.6%17.5%33.6%

AAA23.7%34.0%10.3%32.0%

Data Table 3

REGIONAL BUSINESS SCENARIOS Vs. HISTORICAL APPROVALS

TOTALFY98-02FY03-07

LendingHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)

Dedicated***2,9224,3067,017

Non-Dedicated2,2253,7445,687

Total5,1468,05012,704

* SAP Business Warehouse: Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending operations w/ WSS Component(s), Dedicated Operations are projects mapped to the WSS Sector Board, Non-Dedicated Operations are mapped to any other Sector Board of the WB

** Data, as submitted by Regions in Template 2, then adjusted to a lower and more realisitc level after a second round of review, approved by Regions.

*** In the case of Scenarios, Dedicated covers Investments (eg. SILs, LILs, ERLs), Technical Assistance Lending, Sector Programmatic (eg. APLs, SECALs), while Non-Dedicated is defined as Water Components in Other Operations (eg. Social Funds, Rural Dev. P

FY98-02FY03-07

AFRHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)AFRLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***501.8635.72,396.0Current39.9%19.0%24.6%16.5%

Non-Dedicated375.8664.51,472.7High Case27.1%35.7%21.3%15.9%

Total8781,3003,869

FY98-02FY03-07

EAPHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)EAPLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***1,078.11,597.01,764.6Current12.7%20.7%18.4%48.1%

Non-Dedicated557.81,291.11,417.9High Case10.4%17.1%15.3%57.2%

Total1,6362,8883,183

FY98-02FY03-07

ECAHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)ECALivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***481676.0833.4Current37.7%50.6%7.5%4.2%

Non-Dedicated277870.51,352.0High Case21.2%42.4%30.1%6.4%

Total7581,5462,185

FY98-02FY03-07

LCRHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)LCRLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***393754.91,117.2Current24.9%26.2%9.0%39.9%

Non-Dedicated626349.7673.4High Case25.7%25.2%15.1%33.9%

Total1,0191,1051,791

FY98-02FY03-07

MNAHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)MNALivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***271416454Current28.1%7.2%3.2%61.5%

Non-Dedicated2256066High Case23.0%16.8%16.4%43.7%

Total496476519

FY98-02FY03-07

SARHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)SARLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***197226.0452.3Current7.1%25.9%42.4%24.6%


Total3597341,158

Data Table 3 (2)

Pipeline Details

PipelineFY03FY04FY05Total

WSS (dedicated)0.0

Non-Dedicated0.00.00.00.0

Econ. Policy0.0

Energy & Mining0.0

ENV0.0

Financial Sec.0.0

Operational Serv.0.0

Poverty Reduct.0.0

PSD0.0

Public Sec. Gov.0.0

Rural Sector0.0

Other0.0

Social Dev.0.0

Social Protect.0.0

Transport0.0

Urban Dev.0.0


FY98-02FY03-07FY03-07

AFRHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)AFRLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***501.8571.0635.72,396.0Current39.9%19.0%24.6%16.5%

Non-Dedicated375.8975.5664.51,472.7High Case27.1%35.7%21.3%15.9%

Total8781,5471,3003,869

Average Lending/ YearHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)

Dedicated100.4190.3127.1479.2

Non-Dedicated75.2325.2132.9294.5

Total176516260774

FY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

EAPHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)EAPLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***1,078.16691,597.01,764.6Current12.7%20.7%18.4%48.1%

Non-Dedicated557.81052.51,291.11,417.9High Case10.4%17.1%15.3%57.2%

Total1,6361,7222,8883,183


Dedicated215.6223.0319.4352.9

Non-Dedicated111.6350.8258.2283.6

Total327574578637

FY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

ECAHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)ECALivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***481.2291676.0833.4Current37.7%50.6%7.5%4.2%

Non-Dedicated277.2266.1870.51,352.0High Case21.2%42.4%30.1%6.4%

Total7585571,5462,185


Dedicated96.297.0135.2166.7

Non-Dedicated55.488.7174.1270.4

Total152186309437

FY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

LCRHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)LCRLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***393765.0754.91,117.2Current24.9%26.2%9.0%39.9%

Non-Dedicated626743.6349.7673.4High Case25.7%25.2%15.1%33.9%

Total1,0191,5091,1051,791


Dedicated78.6255.0151.0223.4

Non-Dedicated125.2247.969.9134.7

Total204503221358

FY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

MNAHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)MNALivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***271466.4416454Current28.1%7.2%3.2%61.5%

Non-Dedicated22533.76066High Case23.0%16.8%16.4%43.7%

Total496500476519


Dedicated54.2155.583.290.8

Non-Dedicated45.011.212.013.1

Total9916795104

FY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

SARHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)SARLivable CitiesInvestm. ClimateRural Transform.Safeguard Env.

Dedicated***197277.9226.0452.3Current7.1%25.9%42.4%24.6%


Total3595867341,158


Dedicated39.392.645.290.5

Non-Dedicated32.6102.7101.6141.1

Total72195147232

Data Table 4


TOTALFY98-02FY03-05FY03-07

LendingHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)

Dedicated2,9223,0404,3067,01747%

Non-Dedicated2,2253,3793,7445,687

Total5,1466,4208,05012,704

Average/ Year1,0292,1401,6102,541

Version AVersion B

Average Lending/ YearHistorical* (FY98-02)Pipeline* (FY03-05)Base Case** (FY03-07)High Case** (FY03-07)Average Lending/ YearHistorical* (FY98-02)Base Case** (FY03-07)Pipeline* (FY03-05)High Case** (FY03-07)

Dedicated584.31,013.4861.21,403.4Dedicated584.3861.21,013.41,403.4

Non-Dedicated444.91,126.5748.81,137.4Non-Dedicated444.9748.81,126.51,137.4

Total1,0292,1401,6102,541Total1,0291,6102,1402,541

Pipeline Details

PipelineFY03FY04FY05Total

WSS (dedicated)725.31,677.0638.03,040.3

Non-Dedicated712.01,418.01,249.53,379.4

Econ. Policy72.48.080.4

Energy & Mining16.4260.364.0340.7

ENV200.7184.0316.0700.7

Financial Sec.5.05.0

Operational Serv.10.010.0

Poverty Reduct.21.021.0

PSD6.034.553.193.6

Public Sec. Gov.4.344.4105.0153.7

Rural Sector22.5285.010.0317.5

Other6.36.3

Social Dev.14.014.0

Social Protect.25.029.454.4

Transport78.124.122.2124.4

Urban Dev.286.5492.1679.21,457.8

* SAP Business Warehouse: Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending operations w/ WSS Component(s), Dedicated Operations are projects mapped to the WSS Sector Board, Non-Dedicated Operations are mapped to any other Sector Board of the WB

** Data, as submitted by Regions in Template 2, then adjusted to a lower and more realisitc level after a second round of review, approved by Regions.

Note: in the case of Scenarios, Dedicated covers Investments (eg. SILs, LILs, ERLs), Technical Assistance Lending, Sector Programmatic (eg. APLs, SECALs), while Non-Dedicated is defined as Water Components in Other Operations (eg. Social Funds, Rural Dev.

Lending Projections (98-07) A

584.31334444.933227346

1013.43333333331126.4666666667

861.2748.8

1403.41137.4

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Past Vs. Projected (US$m

Lending Projections (98-07) B

584.31334444.933227346

861.2748.8

1013.43333333331126.4666666667

1403.41137.4

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Past Vs. Projected (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - All

584.31334444.933227346

1013.43333333331126.4666666667

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - AFR

100.358475.164407346

190.3333333333325.1666666667

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

AFR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - EAP

215.62076111.56746

223350.8333333333

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

EAP - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - ECA

96.2471255.4396

9788.7

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

ECA - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - LCR

78.6088125.19438

255247.8666666667

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

LCR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - MNA

54.1724644.98864

155.466666666711.2333333333

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

MNA - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (hist-pipe) - SAR

39.305832.57874

92.6333333333102.6666666667

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

SAR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Historical Vs. Pipeline (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - All

861.2748.8

1403.41137.4

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - AFR

127.144132.8950122249

479.199207824294.54

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

AFR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - EAP

319.4033258.2278845043

352.9114421559283.5895517324

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

EAP - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - ECA

135.1986174.0913479452

166.6832054795270.3972

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

ECA - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - LCR

150.989479753369.9490136766

223.4482381335134.6761391794

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

LCR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - MNA

83.22612

90.79213.1

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

MNA - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

Projections (base-high) - SAR

45.195101.6321619366

90.4654507513141.0929048414

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

SAR - Yearly Average Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Component(s)Base-Case Vs. High-Case Scenario Projections (US$m)

WX Vs. 4 - FY90-02

974.6371068.706

1430.0431617.541

982.5771139.001

1505.8931877.523

1804.3542273.535

1982.4552196.22

1581.0651771.742

1365.73761592.4376

1200.26131295.1413

981.44741125.3384

1268.35011512.5981

1203.403000211271.69460455

492.77103652546.04903652

IBRD/IDA Lending Approvals (US$m)

Pure WSS

Major Sector

Major Sector WX (all sub-sectors) Vs.Pure WSS (Sanitation, Sewerage, Water Supply & General WSS)

WX Vs. 4 - FY03-06

492.77103652546.04903652

1437.2521511.052

3094.9553539.755

1887.52011.75

411.4597531.4597

IBRD/IDA Lending Approvals (US$m)

Pipeline

Pure WSS

Major Sector

Major Sector WX (all sub-sectors) Vs.Pure WSS (Sanitation, Sewerage, Water Supply & General WSS)

Sheet1

Operations w/ 4 Sub-Sector Components

RegionFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY90-02

AFR271.5272.4442.172.087.4313.6169.466.2140.2121.7145.7357.8112.22,572

EAP357.7286.1203.1558.8391.6233.5605.2744.9286.6407.8524.0385.632.05,017

ECA185.630.4148.3147.4249.979.863.6243.3136.688.1176.3114.21,663

LCR62.5518.0303.5310.1724.3678.2286.0245.6373.8110.8268.7215.949.84,147

MNA12.09.92.3201.8311.027.8131.5153.0133.186.9220.515.639.61,345

SAR85.4343.61.2214.8142.7479.5309.292.523.3117.621.452.3144.92,028

Total974.61,430.0982.61,505.91,804.41,982.51,581.11,365.71,200.3981.41,268.41,203.4492.816,773

Operations w/ WX Components

RegionFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY90-02Difference

AFR320.2281.5448.576.488.4315.1169.466.2140.8143.2155.9357.8112.22,675103

EAP365.3300.7219.9767.8621.6329.7622.2794.4291.2464.7757.7410.834.45,980963

ECA198.032.0158.7147.4258.579.863.6301.4148.788.5200.7131.71,809146

LCR62.5547.5307.1448.0951.8726.0290.2415.6404.6111.4268.7226.649.84,810663

MNA18.09.9127.9201.8311.071.8131.5160.2133.988.0220.519.073.11,567221

SAR104.8478.03.7224.8153.4495.1478.692.523.3169.521.456.8144.92,447418

Total1,068.71,617.51,139.01,877.52,273.52,196.21,771.71,592.41,295.11,125.31,512.61,271.7546.019,2882,515

Difference94.1187.5156.4371.6469.2213.8190.7226.794.9143.9244.268.353.32,515210

RegionFY90FY91FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY90-02

Pure WSS974.61,430.0982.61,505.91,804.41,982.51,581.11,365.71,200.3981.41,268.41,203.4492.816,773

Major Sector1,068.71,617.51,139.01,877.52,273.52,196.21,771.71,592.41,295.11,125.31,512.61,271.7546.019,288

Operations w/ 4 Sub-Sector Components

RegionFY03FY04FY05FY06FY03-06

AFR110.5984.89313.61711580.0

EAP362.806283.051063.21709.1

ECA54.246343.615141.5539.4

LCR303.8684.3229301247.1

MNA10.4252103180545.4

SAR547.137.230.4597614.8

Total841.83,095.01,887.5411.56235.7

Operations w/ WX Components

RegionFY03FY04FY05FY06FY03-06Difference

AFR110.51,004.9313.6171.01,600.020.0

EAP417.8327.11,148.21,893.1184.0

ECA59.2343.6162.0564.925.5

LCR317.6819.1247.830.01,414.5167.4

MNA10.4344.0103.0200.0657.4112.0

SAR701.137.2130.5868.8254.0

Total915.63,539.82,011.8531.56,998.5762.8

Difference73.8444.8124.3120.0762.8190.7

RegionFY02FY03FY04FY05FY06

Pure WSS492.81,437.33,095.01,887.5411.5

Major Sector546.01,511.13,539.82,011.8531.5

Lending - Business Line Compos.

0.243

0.246

0.175

0.336

Share

FY02 Lending Composition - by Business Lines (in Volume of Financing)

Current Vs. High Case - All

0.2430.2460.1750.336

0.2050.2580.2530.283

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (All)

Current Vs. High Case - AFR

0.3990.190.2460.165

0.2710.3570.2130.159

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (AFR)

Current Vs. High Case - EAP

0.1270.2070.1840.481

0.1040.1710.1530.572

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (EAP)

Current Vs. High Case - ECA

0.3770.5060.0750.042

0.2120.4240.3010.064

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (ECA)

Current Vs. High Case - LCR

0.2490.2620.090.399

0.2570.2520.1510.339

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (LCR)

Current Vs. High Case - MNA

0.2430.2460.1750.336

0.2050.2580.2530.283

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (MNA)

Current Vs. High Case - SAR

0.07109004740.25859004740.42387440760.2464454976

0.16226783970.14173998040.64353209510.0524600847

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

Lending by Business Lines - Current (FY02) Vs. High-Case (SAR)

Ded Vs. Non-Dedicated - Regions

501.792375.82203673

1078.1038557.8373

481.2356277.198

393.044625.9719

270.8623224.9432

196.529162.8937

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Water Supply and Sanitation Components - IBRD/IDA Lending Approvals (FY98-02)

Ded. Vs. Non-Dedicated - Distri

2921.5667

24.5

22.5

9.325

475.6161

13.8

45.552

86.083

144.752

517.8084

9.07

246.544

36.3926

592.72303673

FY98-02

Approvals of Lending Operations w/ WSS Components (in Volume of Financing) - Dedicated Vs. Non-Dedicated (FY98-02)

Water (dedicated)56.8%

Educ.0%

Econ.Pol.0%

Energy &Mining0%

Financ.Sec.0%

Sanitation Vs. Water Supply

374.94111.236225.84588.2443

369.38049.243160.83441.994

221.897182.53642.636321.287

298.898691.4722388.3101424.72210021

84.61873652121.40822.1097264.6346

General WSS

Sanitation

Sewerage

Water Suppl.

Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending w/ WSS Components (US$m) - FY98-02

Ded. Vs. Non-Dedicated - Trends

974.637813.899160.738

1430.0431098.595331.448

982.577634.831347.746

1505.893974.815531.078

1804.3541086.988717.366

1982.4551041.392941.063

1581.0651006.875574.19

1365.7376441.2991924.4385

1200.2613611.0956589.1657

981.4474393.969587.4784

1268.3501712.767555.5831

1203.40300021834.6668368.73620021

492.77103652369.0683123.70273652

TOTAL

Dedicated

Non-Dedicated

Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending w/ WSS Components - Dedicated Vs. Non-Dedicated (US$m)

Regional Approvals - Trends

66.1815744.877163.562245.565153.0392.522

140.164286.5886243.271373.83133.1123.2977

121.715407.789136.595110.820486.94117.588

145.7333523.955288.068268.69220.537621.366

357.76100021385.6083176.2576215.895515.605652.275

112.2407365232114.24249.7839.6123144.896

AFR

EAP

ECA

LCR

MNA

SAR

Approvals of IBRD/IDA Lending w/ WSS Component(s) - (US$m)

Lending Projections (98-07) All

2921.56672224.66613673

43063744

70175687

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (All)

Lending Projections (98-07) AFR

501.792375.82203673

635.72664.4750611247

2395.99603911981472.7

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (AFR)

Lending Projections (98-07) EAP

1078.1038557.8373

1597.01651291.1394225217

1764.55721077961417.9477586622

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (EAP)

Lending Projections (98-07) ECA

481.2356277.198

675.993870.456739726

833.41602739731351.986

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (ECA)

Lending Projections (98-07) LCR

393.044625.9719

754.9473987664349.7450683829

1117.2411906677673.380695897

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (LCR)

Lending Projections (98-07) MNA

270.8623224.9432

416.1360

453.9665.5

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (MNA)

Lending Projections (98-07) SAR

196.529162.8937

225.975508.1608096828

452.3272537563705.464524207

Dedicated***

Non-Dedicated

Lending Comparisons (US$m) - Past Vs. Projections (SAR)

AAA - Regional Composition

8669

1101

3500

2421

815219

1201

Livable Cities

Investm. Climate

Rural Transform.

Safeguard Env.

AAA Composition in FY02 - By Business Lines (No. of Activities)

AAA - Business Line Composition

0.2371134021

0.3402061856

0.1030927835

0.3195876289

Share

AAA Composition in FY02 - by Business Lines ( No. of Activities)

Lending-AAA - Business Line

0.2430.2371134021

0.2460.3402061856

0.1750.1030927835

0.3360.3195876289

Lending

AAA

Lending & AAA Composition in FY02 - by Business Lines ( No. of Activities)

And most dramatically for hydropower02004006008001000120090-9293-9596-9899-0102-04IBRD/IDA & Grant Comm Amt

View of the Banks borrowers?Pride in improved performance in environmental and social quality of water infrastructure in recent decades

How performance has changed over time

What we heard from borrowers.Strong commitment to continued improvementSee complex infrastructure as a major area of World Bank comparative advantage..

The World Banks recent Global Poll of 1000 opinion-makersMessage: Infrastructure is critical and the Bank is perceived as having a comparative advantage in infrastructure

Most Important Sustainable Development Issue as judged by World Leaders2004

And how has the World Bank been seen to respond to this?

Middle-income countries with choices find the Banks business processes rigid and unrealistic

A bigger problem for poor countries without choices

WIDESPREAD PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: The Bank has become unreliable and risk averse: a risk multiplier rather than a risk mitigatorBorrowers with choices (the middle income countries) have largely disengaged from the Bank on these issues because they dont believe we are realistic and practicalThis leaves those with least capacity to meet standards that developed countries have never met, that developing countries with capacity cannot and will not meet

Feb 2003: New World Bank Water Strategy

Summary of main messagesWater management and development are essential for growth and poverty reduction therefore critical for the Bank to be engaged in all quadrantsWhat is needed in developing countries is management AND developmentThe main management challenge is not vision but principled pragmatismOn development the Bank needs to assist countries develop and maintain appropriate stocks of well-functioning infrastructureThe Bank has a comparative advantage in dealing with these complex issues, and there is strong demand for Bank engagementThe Bank will follow become a predictable, transparent partner which will re-engage with high-risk/high-reward infrastructure

Reaction of different groups to the proposed approach to Bank re-engagement with major water infrastructure?

Some forms of expression on these issues are more imaginative than others.

This became a rallying point for developing countries who had had enough

Unprecedented leadership by developing countries on the Board in support of re-engagement with major infrastructure.. We are firmly of the view that infrastructure investment is central to the Banks mission of poverty reduction..We would like senior management commitment to at least two high risk high benefit projects per region

WSSD/Johannesburg Plan of ImplementationIdentification of ALL hydro as a renewable source of energy, to be supported by international community.impossible because of NGO opposition said IPCC Chair in 2001Leadership by Brazil.Strong support from other developing countries

Now it is on to implementation .

The World Bank/India Country Assistance Strategy 2004-2008:Lending for water will increase from $200 million a year to $800 million a year

The takeaway message on the World Bank and water Were back!

Story LineThe challenge of water in the developing worldThe evolving role of the World BankThe potential role of a great university in addressing global water challenges

Why should a university like UNC consider a role?Because of:the importance of the issues the availability of resources upon which it can build, and UNCs comparative advantage in the field of water.

An interesting observation

. It is a continuing mystery to me that Harvard students are seized by the problems of species extinction, global warming, aids,. .But the ongoing, continual problem of the bill who live on less than a $ a day are not a matter for their passionate interest Since Sept 11 there has been a marked rise in interest by students from US universities

Greater engagement in global affairs is now a priority for leadership at UNC (and most other elite universities..) The Academic Plan lists six overriding academic priorities to guide Carolina over the next five years. One of these stated priorities is to extend our global presence in research and teaching. The Academic Plan further articulates a vision to further integrate interdisciplinary research, education, and public service in several areas, including global health.

Why should a university like UNC consider a role?Because of:the importance of the issues, the availability of resources upon which it can build, and UNCs comparative advantage in the field of water.

Water studies require a wide range of disciplinesTHE DISCIPLINES REQUIREDAnthropologyHistoryPolitical scienceEconomicsConflict ResolutionGeographyFinancePublic PolicyHydrologyLimnologyBiologyEngineeringEpidemiologyEtc.Etc.

THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE AT UNCSchool of Public HealthMedical SchoolCollege of Arts and SciencesBusiness SchoolCarolina Environmental ProgramCarolina Population CenterDuke UniversityNorth Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Water Resources Research InstituteResearch Triangle InstituteOther Organizations in RTP

Why should a university like UNC consider a role?Because of:the importance of the issues, the availability of resources upon which it can build, and UNCs comparative advantage in the field of water.

There is a burgeoning and interest in international issues at US universitiesMany programs in development economicsMany programs in international public healthBut UNC can reasonably aspire to be #1 in the area of global water management

UNC has an illustrious history and a large reservoir of goodwill from students throughout the water and development world

One of the global giants in water, recognized for:Knowledge and commitmentIntegration of thinking and doingPutting and keeping UNC/SPH on the map

And those who have followed

A particularly important quality of Dans legacy.Water management is both an intellectual and practical issueDan and those who followed defied the aphorism:researchers dont practice, and practioners dont read

UNC is in a great position to strengthen its leadership position in --putting water on the brain of the next generation of students and scholars

And thus change the world, in ways great

And small..

Thank you!

First to the why? What drives the importance of hydropower, notwithstanding its complexities and challenges. Here is one perspective. Based on a poll of sustainability experts across mainly OECD countries, two issues sit at the top of the priority list for focus by world leaders: fresh water and renewable energy. Hydropower lies at the nexus.

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