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Piecewise FunctionsPre-Cal Advanced
Ms. Ouseph
Objective for today!
We will use our knowledge of domain
and transformations to graph piecewise
functions.
A piecewise function is…
A function defined by different equations on
different domains.
In other words…Think of it as only
having a “chunk” of a function!
We’ll harp more about that later…
For now we will explore an everyday situation where piecewise functions
are applicable.
arking Garage
Suppose we were parking in a parking garage that we had to pay for by the hour. The pay structure is as follows:
• For the first 4 hours, it costs us $3 per hour to park.• For any number of hours parked after 4 hours, it costs $2 per
hour to park(These rates are proportional to any amount of time spent parked within the first
three hours; for example if we only stayed for ½ hour, we would pay $1.50.)
OUR GOAL: Create a function which inputs hours parked and outputs total cost.
Total Hours Parked (x) Total Payment (y or f(x))
*For the first 4 hours, it costs us $3/hour to park*
12 34
Equation 1: *For any number of hours parked after 4 hours, it costs us $2/hour to park*
56 78x
Equation 2:
y = 3x
y = 2x + 412 + 2(x – 4)
f(1) = 3(1) = $3f(2) = 3(2) = $6f(3) = 3(3) = $9f(4) = 3(4) = $12
f(5) = 3(4) + 2(5-4) = $14f(6) = 3(4) + 2(6-4) = $16f(7) = 3(4) + 2(7-4) = $18f(8) = 3(4) + 2(8-4) = $20
In groups, fill out the table below and determine an equation to calculate the total payment with respect to the hourly rate.
Equation 1: y = 3x only works when…
Equation 2: y = 2x + 4 only works when…
Combining these two, we have a piecewise function!
The total number of hours parked (x) are between 0-4
0 ≤ x ≤ 4
The total number of hours parked (x) are between greater than 4
x > 4
f(x) = {3x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 2x + 4, x > 4
How do we graph a piecewise function??Using the table we created, we can plot points on a graph to graph
the piecewise function!
x y x y
01234
45678
0369
12
1214161820
y = 3x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 y = 2x + 4, x > 4
Closed
Open
Each function must live in its own “neighborhood”Let's put up a fence to separate these two “neighborhoods.”
y = 3xlives here!
y = 2x + 4lives here!
x = 4
Note: Its OK for each
neighborhood to lie on the fence. They just
can’t cross over it!
Total Hours Parked
Tota
l Pay
men
tParking Hours vs. Payment
(0, 0)(1, 3)(2, 6)(3, 9)(4, 12)
(4, 12)(5, 14)(6, 16)(7, 18)(8, 20)
Both equations are “on the fence,” but one point (from y=3x) is closed while
the other (from y=2x+4) is open!
f(x) = {3x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 2x + 4, x > 4
This analysis is not meant to explain the parking situation mathematically. Rather, it is meant to
explain the idea of a piecewise function by showing you where one exists in real life.
Now, we will be exploring and graphing other piecewise functions involving an array of
functions (linear, quadratic, etc.)!
What do we need to know in order to graph these pieces?
•
“Fence,” Domain, Points, Open/Closed, etc…
•
x y x y
10-1-2
1234
531-1
3210
Closed Open
Now let’s use these table of values to graph our piecewise function!
Domain: (-∞, ∞) Range: (-∞, 5]
x y x y10-1-2
531-1
1234
3210
Let’s look at a quadratic piecewise function!
Work with a partner to graph the following function: •
•
x y x y
0-1-2-3
0123
32-1-6
1234
( ) Closed Open ( )
Now let’s use these table of values to graph our piecewise function!
Domain: (-∞, ∞) Range: (-∞, ∞)
x y x y0123
1234
0-1-2-3
32-1-6
In summary…
• The key to graphing piecewise functions is:– Determining the “fence”
• This fence will tell you where each piece of the function “lives”
– Domain• Once you know the domain of each function, its
just a matter of creating a table of values to plot points!
Now that we have explored various piecewise functions,
you will be given time to finish the rest of your worksheet.