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PILE FOUNDATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS.
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PILE Foundations
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Step of Bored Pile Cycle time of each
step
( hour)
1. Set up location of
Bored Pile
0.3
2. Inserting Casing 2
3. Drilling 8
4. Removing slime
1
5. KODEN Test
1
6. Inserting Steel
Cage
2
7. Inserting Tremie
Pipe
1
8. Pouring the
concrete
2
9. Remove casing 1.5
Total Cycle Time 18.8
Bored Pile Procedure :
1. Set up the Location of Bored
Pile
2. Insert Casing
3. Drilling
4. Removing Slime
5. KODEN-Test
6. Insert of Steel Cage
7. Insert Tremie Pipe
8. Pouring the Concrete
9. Removing Casing
10. Covering of Expose
Concrete with a Pile Cap
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Total Station instrument are used to survey each pile point.
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Insert casing
casing must be stand vertical
by checking verticality of casing when insert casing
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
use Vibrodriver or Vibrohamer to insert casing
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Drilling
Drilling Machine :
weight : 130tons
BG - 40 drilling depth : 49m
diameter : 3m
weight : 96tons
BG - 28 drilling depth : 39m
diameter : 2.5m
weight : 91tons
SD - 515 drilling depth : 36m
diameter : 2.5m
BG - 40
BG - 28
SD - 515
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Removing slime
when finish drilling , we use Mechanical pump equipment to remove slime .
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
5. KODEN Test
KODEN test utilizes the principle of ultrasonic wave travel from sensor to the wall of drilled hole and reflect to the sensor through the Bentonite slurry.
Equipment KODEN equipment consists of two parts, recorder unit and winch unit .
Recorder Unit Winch Unit
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Recorder unit controls the operation and record the test result. On the other hand, winch unit lowers the probe (sensor) down the hole for ultrasonic reflection .
Testing Procedure
1. Remove any obstacle around the hole area in order that the test equipment can access to the hole .
2. Place the winch unit over the top of drilled hole or on the steel casing. Position the sensor (probe) at the center of the hole .
3. Lower the sensor into Bentonite slurry. Hold the sensor at depth approximately 1 to 1.5m .
4. Restore the sensor to the starting position and perform the test.
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Test Result
Test results are presented in graphical plot and show characteristics
below :
1. Profile along two perpendicular axes.
2. Average verticality of the hole.
3. Location or depth where abnormality
Occurs such as reduction in diameter,
or collapsed wall of the hole.
4. Depth of drilled hole.
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Insert of steel cage
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Insert Tremie
Type of tremie pipe :
We have 3 types of tremie : 1m, 2m and 3m
Length
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
How to insert tremie pipe :
1. Use mobile crane to hang the hopper
2. Then connect each tremie pipe
3. After that put it into the bored pile
hole
until bottom
When we pour concrete, we have to bury
the tremie pipe into concrete as below :
Diameter of Bored
Pile
Buried Length of
Tremie
1000 3 to 3.5m
1800 2 to 2.5m
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Pouring the concrete
Quality of Concrete :
Max. size of Aggregate : 2.5cm Workability : 55cm ( Flow )
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Strength of concrete :
Design strength : fck =300kg/cm ( 28days cure concrete )
Material Strength
Calculation of fck ( Mpa ) Strength of mix ( Mpa )
Target Strength 21 > fck fck + 7
( Standard specifications of concrete ) 21 fck 35 fck + 8.5
Strength of mix ( Target Strength )
So, for Actual Concrete
Strength : 400kg/cm
fck 300kg/cm = 29.42 Mpa
Strength of mix
29.42 Mpa + 8.5 Mpa = 37.92 Mpa = 389
kg/cm
Apply : 400 kg/cm
BORED PILE FOUNDATION
Remove casing
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
Current METRO piling work at Ashram
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
Reinforcement Cage for Pile cap
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
CASE STUDY - BORED PILE FOUNDATION IN METRO
DIAPHRAGM WALLS
Diaphragm Walls are particularly well suited to large open sites with deep
excavations;
they are most commonly built as cast in situ walls and have installed
thicknesses ranging from 500mm to 1500mm.
Cast in situ diaphragm walls are constructed as a series of primary and
secondary panels varying in length from 2.8m to 7.5m to accommodate the
geometry of the wall.
Although shallower walls
probably account for the
majority of diaphragm walls
installed;
wall depths over 25 meters
are almost the exclusive
preserve of the system.
DIAPHRAGM WALLS
Construction Sequence of
Diaphragm wall
Fixing of Alignment
Stage-2: Guide wall Construction
Stage-3: Trenching
Stage-4: Trench Cleaning
Stage-5: Stop ends fixing
Stage-6: Reinforcement Cage
lowering
Stage-7: Placing of Concrete
Stage-8: Withdrawal of Stop ends
DIAPHRAGM WALLS
Where are wall pre-cast diaphragm walls used?
Diaphragm Walls provide a very stiff, strong and cost effective solution for the construction of permanent retaining walls and shaft walls. This method of wall construction delivers far fewer construction joints than
alternative systems such as bored pile or sheet pile walls.
Applications for diaphragm walls include: retaining walls for deep basement excavations, cut-off barriers, retaining walls for cut and cover tunnels, quay walls and shaft walls.
DIAPHRAGM WALLS
CASE STUDY - DIAPHRAGM WALLS IN METRO
Level of the bentonite slurry should be maintained
preferably at least 1.5m above the ground water level
to avoid problem of instability.
Density and Viscosity of supporting fluid
Loss of shear strength with time
Suction effect during trenching
Specification of Bentonite (as per IS:2911-Part1:Sec2
Liquid limit : 300 to 450 % (in accordance with IS:2720-
part V)
Sand content : Less than 7 %
Density: 1.12
Marsh viscosity : About 37 second, tested by Marsh
cone
Swelling index: Swelling index at least 2 times of dry
volume.
pH value : Less than 11.5
Tests and compliance values for support fluid prepared
from bentonite (as per IS9556-1980)
CASE STUDY - DIAPHRAGM WALLS IN METRO
CASE STUDY - DIAPHRAGM WALLS IN METRO
THANK YOU