Pilotless Aircraft / Remotely Pilotless Aircraft / Remotely Piloted AircraftPiloted Aircraft

Instructor Seminar

August 2011

Risk Management – RPAs Risk Management – RPAs OperationsOperations Separation Manned Vs Unmanned Other risks: including

Loss of C3 (command, communications and control) Fully autonomous operations Standardisation of ground stations Operator qualifications Public acceptance (including privacy) Rotary wing specific

Scenario 1 - PredatorScenario 1 - Predator

Scenario 1 – Predator Scenario 1 – Predator

Pre accident philosophy Accident specifics Post accident philosophy

Scenario 2 - KahuScenario 2 - Kahu

Scenario 2 - KahuScenario 2 - Kahu

First commercial operation Incident specifics Australian experience RPA Vs GA

Scenario 3 – Pheonix DroneScenario 3 – Pheonix Drone

Scenario 3 - PheonixScenario 3 - Pheonix

Pheonix specifications Smoke identification system Incidents

Scenario 4 – Kahu landing Scenario 4 – Kahu landing accidentaccident Accident specifics Will we experience the same accidents eg human

factors in RPA’s that we have seen in manned aircraft - PROBABLY

My Role – Pilotless AircraftMy Role – Pilotless Aircraft

Project leader of small team working on the introduction of pilotless aircraft

Background of 45 years building and flying radio controlled model aircraft

Member of ICAO UAS study group representing CAANZ

Working closely with CASA ASTM F38 (Small UAS) Committee member

ICAO’s Position – Pilotless ICAO’s Position – Pilotless AircraftAircraft

Model aircraft versus UAS / Pilotless Aircraft Pilotless aircraft now defined as “Remotely

Piloted Aircraft Systems” (RPAs) ie all aircraft are piloted in one form or another.

Focus is now on reviewing ICAO Annex 2 and 7 as a starting point to ensure each annex fully covers RPAs as well as manned aircraft

Cir 328 Pamphlet published

Current Pilotless Aircraft Current Pilotless Aircraft OperationsOperations Air Affairs – Pheonix Hawkeye UAV Photohigher Skycam Martin Jet pack Defence activity

(NB) All civil operators hold a CPL or PPL

Current CAA Pilotless Aircraft Current CAA Pilotless Aircraft RulesRules Part 19 Pilotless Aircraft authorisation Authorisation enables operations, provides

limitations and conditions including an expiry date. Authorisation can be as restrictive or generous as

appropriate for the planned operation. All RPAs operations are in special use airspace or

restricted to line of sight operations below 400 feet and in compliance with model aircraft rules

Current CAA Pilotless Aircraft Current CAA Pilotless Aircraft Rules -2-Rules -2- Authorisation needs to cover:

Appropriate aviation documents and / or qualifications are held

Activities are carried out safelyMaintenance programmes and performanceRisk managementArea of operationsAircraft registrationAircraft design standards

So How’s it Going Then?So How’s it Going Then?

One step at a time (thanks to early authorisation holders)

All operations utilise small RPAs RPAs can perform many operations carried out by

manned aircraft, BUT, they may not always be the best option.

Seek, detect and avoid systems are the key We learned a lot about NOTAM access

The FutureThe Future

ICAO will continue to develop rules for large RPA’s (over 150 kg)

Small RPA’s will be regulated by individual states CASA has the first set of aviation rules for RPA’s

(Part 101). This is about to be amended. Pilot/operator training Specific RPA’s Rules

Framework of the Civil Framework of the Civil Aviation SystemAviation System

The “Life Cycle” Approach

ENTRY CONTROL

CONTINUED

OPERATION

CORRECTIVE

ACTIONS

CONFIDENCETHROUGH

SURVEILLANCE

SUPPORTTO MAINTAINGOOD RELATIONS

RULES FOR

EXIT CONTROL

Rules …..Safety Boundary