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Jacobs University Bremen 1 P-I-N Photodetector Rahul Dewan 30 th  March 2007 Course Presentation (Photonics and Optical Communication)

PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

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Page 1: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 1

P­I­N Photodetector

Rahul Dewan

30th March 2007Course Presentation

(Photonics and Optical Communication)

Page 2: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 2

Outline

● Photodetectors– Photoconductive Detectors– Photodiodes– PIN Photodiodes Ref: [3]

Page 3: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 3

Photodetectors● Optoelectronic detectors are devices used to 

detect optical radiaton – in most cases optical powers.

● Detectors convert a photon flux into electronic charges or a current, which is then amplified and processed with electronic circuits.

Page 4: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 4

Photodetectors● Example:

● Types:– Simple semiconductor detector– Junction photodiodes

● PN Photodetector● PIN Photodetector

– Thermal detectors

10 GHz PIN Photodetector

Ref: http://www.oemarket.com

Page 5: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 5

Photoconductive detectors● Detectors can be simply built from just using 

a p or n doped semiconductor.● Semiconductor band gaps are in the energy 

range of a photon. ● E = hc/λ :: For Si with E = 1.14 eV,  λ = 1um

Ref: [1]

Page 6: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 6

Photoconductive detectors

Ref: [1]

Page 7: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 7

Photoconductive detectors

● Drawbacks:– Severe thermal noise– Bulky size– Relatively slow response time.

● Idea:– Use junction semiconductor photodiodes

Page 8: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 8

PN Photodiode

Ref: [2]

Page 9: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 9

PN Photodiode ­ Operation

Ref: [2]

Page 10: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 10

PN Photodiode

● Drawbacks:– Relatively slow response time– Specially for Si (depletion area smaller than 

compared to the diffusion length)

● Idea:– Carriers should be generated where the field is 

large– Add an intrinsic region in between

Page 11: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 11

PIN Photodiode

Ref: [2]

Page 12: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 12

PIN Photodiode● Advantages:

● Longer absorption– Higher efficiency

● Response time– PIN order of nanoseconds– PN order of tens of nanoseconds or more

● Capacitance of the device is reduced– Wider frequency response.– Smaller RC => higher speed

Page 13: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 13

PIN Photodiode● Materials

– Silicon: good sensitivity roughly between 400 nm and 1000 nm (best around 800­900 nm)

– germanium (Ge): good sensitivity roughly between 600 nm and 1800 nm (best around 1400­1500 nm)

– indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs): good sensitivity roughly between 800 nm and 1700 nm (best around 1300­1600 nm)

Page 14: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 14

Device Optimization● Performance Characteristics

– response speed– quantum efficiency at desired wavelength– size of the active area– noise sensitivity etc.

● For e.g.– Application based on detection of unfocused 

source of light● tradeoff between large active area and device 

response time.

Page 15: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 15

Conclusion● Semiconductor photodetectors were discussed.● PIN photodiode, which has a wider space 

charge zone is the efficient of the 3 discussed.● But PIN exhibits low internal gain in detection of 

the photodiode.● One solution : use Avalanche Photodiodes.● Photodiode technology still continues to 

advance yielding sophisticated and cost effective products. 

Page 16: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 16

References

● Introduction to Optical Engineering    (F.T.S. Yu and X. Yang, Cambridge 

University Press)● Optoelectronics   (E. Rosencher and B. Vinter, Cambridge 

University Press)● http://www.rp­photonics.com/

Page 17: PIN Photodetector - Jacobs University Bremen · Jacobs University Bremen 5 Photoconductive detectors Detectors can be simply built from just using a p or n doped semiconductor. Semiconductor

Jacobs University Bremen 17

Thank you!Questions ?