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LWF0000
XPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
hn E. Brock*
ngineering materials experience changes in dimensions as a
result of application of stress, change in temperature, passage of
time,
ange in internal configuration, changes in dissolved moisture
content, and possibly a few other causes. Of these the first two
are by far
most important as far as piping is concerned. Piping should be
designed so that time-dependent inelastic effects such as creep
and
axa- tion are of negligible importance (although relaxation of
bolting may be important in high-temperature flanged joints).
Creep
l be discussed briefly later in this chapter. Materials selected
for piping service should be stabilized and should be used at
mperatures for which there is no significant change in internal
structure. Moisture content is obviously not of significance in
metallic
ing. Thus, essentially, dimensional changes in piping material
depend upon changes in temperature and stress.
he complex problem of determining the stress distribution in a
solid body subjected to a change in temperature is treated in books
by
moshenko and Goodier,245t Gatewood,116 and Holey and Wiener.~5
Generally speaking, these methods and results are applicable to
ess determination in individual piping components, such as valve
bodies, straight cylindrical runs of pipe, etc., rather than to an
entire
ing system. Advances in nuclear engineering have produced an
rofessor of Mechanical Engineering, U.S. Naval Post-graduate
School, Monterey, Calif.his chapter was contributed in June, 1963,
and, except for certain changes made by the editor, represents the
professional position of
author at that time.
Superscript numbers ~fer to bibliographical references at the
end of this chapter.
4-1
le:///E|/DOCUME~1/cristip/LOCALS~1/Temp/~LWF0000.htm4/1/2004
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