Pipe presentation

8/10/2019 Pipe presentation

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Industrial Piping

Piping is used for Industrial Marine Transportation

Plumbing


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Process Piping

Process Piping is used to transport

fluids between Storage tanks and process units Pump to Reaction Vessel One Vessel to other vessel


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Utility Piping

Service or Utility piping is used to

convey steam air water fuel oil


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Tubes .

Tubular products aretermed as tube. Used for steam tracing

Tube is specified byoutside diameter andwall thickness

BWG (BirminghamWire Gauge)

mm.


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The principal uses for tube are in1. Heat exchangers2. Instrument lines3. Inter-connections on

- Compressors

- Boilers- Refrigerator.


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Pipes Pipe is identified by

Nominal Pipe Size, NB Wall thickness

Schedule number API designations Weights.

Non-standard pipes arespecified by nominal sizeand wall thickness.


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Pipe Size ..The size of all pipe isidentified by NominalPipe Size, which is notequal to the true bore

(internal diameter) of the pipe.

350 mm NB and larger

pipes have outsidediameter equal tonominal pipe size.


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Pipe Size .


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Pipe Size

32, 65, 95, 125 mm NB pipes are normallyused in small length for final connection to

equipment, but piping later is done with onesize larger.


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Lengths of Pipe

Straight pipe is supplied in randomlengths of 6 to 8 meters and of doublethis length.


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Pipe Ends

Ends of these pipes aregenerally either

Plain end (PE) forsocket welding

Beveled end (BE)for butt-welding

Threaded endswhich is suppliedwith one coupling

per length.


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Pipe Thickness .

Pipes in the various sizes aremade in several wall thickness foreach size, which have beenestablished by three different

sources.ANSI, ASME and ASTM, API


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Pipe ThicknessASTM through

standard, extra-strong anddouble extrastrong.

ANSI / ASME: as per Schedule Number instandardB36.10

API: 5L and 5LX.


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TEMPERATURE and PRESSURE

LIMITS Carbon Steels lose strength at high temp. Electric-resistance-welded (ERW) pipe

is not considered satisfactory for serviceabove 400 Degrees C.

For higher temperatures, pipes madefrom Stainless Steel or other alloysshould be considered.


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MATERIAL of CONSTRUCTION Different materials are used for construction

of pipes and tubes. Carbon Steel Iron Non Ferrous Plastic Glass Lined metal.


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Carbon Steel

The most readily available carbon steel pipe is made to Material Standards:

1. ASTM A53 or ASTM A106

2. Schedules 40, 80, STD and XS3. Electric arc welded - Grade A and B

4. Seamless - Grade A and B(B grade has the higher tensile strength)


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Pipe

FinishesCommon finishes

are Black (plain or

mill finish) Galvanized (zinc

coated)


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Most sizes and weights are also availablein seamless carbon steel to ASTM A 106,which is comparable specification to A53, but prescribing more stringent testing.

Three grades of A 106 are available,Grade A, B and C, in order of increasingtensile strength.


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A 53 Grade Grade A / B

Specific gravity is 7.85, and density7850 kg/m 3.

Properties of Grade A and B A53 Grade A: Tensile strength

of 3200 kg/cm 2. A53 Grade B: Tensile strength

of 4000 kg/cm 2.


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A 106 Grade Grade A / B / C. Specific gravity is 7.85, and density

7850 kg/m 3. Properties of Grade A and B

A106 Grade A: Tensile strengthof 3200 kg/cm 2 .

A106 Grade B: Tensile strengthof 4000 kg/cm 2.

A106 Grade C: Tensile strengthof 4500 kg/cm 2.


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A 53/106 Grade Grade A / B / C.


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Construction of Pipe

Straight seam welded (ERW) -

from plate Spiral welded pipe - from plate

Seamless pipe - by piercingsolid billets.


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Advantages of CS PipesCarbon Steel pipe is Strong Ductile

Weldable Mechineable Reasonably durable Cheaper than pipe

made from othermaterials.


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Material of ChoiceIt is natural choice if carbon

steel pipe can meet

requirements of Pressure Temperature Corrosion resistance Hygiene


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Iron Pipe .It is made from cast-iron and ductile iron.


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Iron Pipe

Uses for lines which arelaid under the ground.

Water Gas Sewage


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Non-Ferrous Pipes / Tubes .

Pipes or tubes made from Copper

Lead Nickel Brass Aluminum Various grades of SS.


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Non-Ferrous Pipes / Tubes Relatively expensive. Selected for

Corrosion resistance to processchemicals.

Good heat transfer. Tensile strength at higher

temperatures.


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Copper Uses of Copper and Copper

Alloys Instrument lines Food processing Heat transfer equipment

Stainless steels are increasinglyused for these purposes.


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Lead

Uses Dilute Suphuric Acid Water

Soil Waste Ventilating Gas Supply Telephones Telegraph Under ground works


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Copper - Nickel Pipes

Corrosion resistancesimilar to copper.

Higher general strengthand better fatiguestrength.


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Brass PipesAvailable as Pipes Pipe adaptors Pipe couplings Pipe elbows Pipe nipples Pipe unions

Pipe tees Pipe plugs pipe wyes.


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Aluminum Pipes


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Plastic Pipes . Used for transporting actively corrosive fluids. Especially useful for handling corrosive orhazardous gases and dilute mineral acids.

Used in three ways as all plastic pipe. as filled plastic materials (Glass fiber

reinforced, carbon filled, etc.). as lining or coating material.


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Plastic Pipes Plastic pipe is made from

Polypropylene Polyethylene Polybutylene Poly vinylchloride Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Cellulose Acetate-butyrate Polyolefins

Polyesters. Pipe made from Polyester and Epoxy resins is frequently

glass fibre reinforced (FRP) and commercial product ofthis type have good resistance to wear and chemical attack.


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Glass . Borosilicate glass is used for pipes andfittings. All glass piping is used for its chemicalresistance, cleanliness and transparency. Glass pipe is not subject to crazing, oftenfound in glass lined pipes and vessels

subjected to repeated thermal stresses. Pipes, fittings and hardware are available

both for process piping and for drainage.


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Glass

Process lines of 25, 40, 50, 80, 100 and150 mm NB are readily available, with200 Degrees C as maximum operating

temp. Pressure range up to

4 kg/sq.cm. (for 25 to 80 mm NB). 3.5 kg/sq.cm. (for 100 mm NB). 2.5 kg/sq.cm. (for 150 mm NB)


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Lining and Coating . Lining and coating carbon steel pipe withmaterial able to withstand chemical attack

permits its use to carry corrosive fluids. Lengths of lined pipes and fittings are joined

by flanges, and elbows, tees etc, are availablereadily flanged. Lining like rubber can be applied afterfabricating the pipe, but pipe is often pre-lined. Lining of various rubbers, plastics, metals andvitreous material is available.


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Lining and Coating Coating is made from Plastics like Poly-

propylene, Poly-ethylene, Poly-butylene, Poly-vinylchloride, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene,Poly-olefins, and Poly-esters.

Carbon Steel pipe coated with zinc, by immersioninto molten zinc (hot-dip galvanized) is used forconveying drinking water, instrument air and

various other fluids. Rubber and Basalt lining is often used to handle

abrasive fluids.


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Reinforcements : Used for straight run pipes as wellas for branch connections.

On Straight Pipe : If a butt-weld joining two sectionsof straight pipe is subject to unusual external stress, itmay be reinforced by addition of a sleeve, which is

pipe cut at the seams in two parts.The Code applicable to piping should be referred forreinforcement.Reinforcing pieces are usually provided with a smallhole to vent gases produced by welding, which wouldotherwise get trapped.Vent hole also serves to indicate any leak in the weld.


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METHODS of PIPE JOINING Five methods of joining pipes toeach other. These are

Butt-Welded. Socket Welded. Screwed. Bolted Flanges. Bolted Quick Couplings.


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Butt Welded Pipes .

Used for most of the process, utilityand service piping. If welding is not properly done,

intruding material may affect flow. End of the pipe is first beveled. Fittings are similarly beveled. Two parts are aligned, properlygapped, tack welded, and continuous

weld is made to complete joint.


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Butt Welded Pipes

Lines 50 mm NB and larger are usually buttwelded.

Most economic and leak proof way of joining larger diameter piping.

Usually such lines lines are sub-contractedto a piping fabricator for pre-fabrication insections, termed as spools, which are thentransported to the site.

Butt weld fittings are used in these lines.


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Socket-Welded Pipes .

Used for pipelines conveying flammable, toxic orexpensive material, where no leakage can be permitted.

Socket welding is easier to align on small linesthan butt welding. Tack welding is not necessary.

No weld metal can enter the bore. Joint will not leak, when properly made. Small gap in pipe and fitting may hold liquid in it.


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Socket-Welded Pipes

To make the joint pipe is finished flat. Located in the fitting, valve, flange etc., and

a continuous fillet weld is made around the

circumference. Lines 40 mm NB and smaller are usually

socket welded and are normally field run bythe piping contractor from generalarrangement drawings.

These have socket welding fittings.


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S d Pi


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Screwed Pipes .

Lines 40 mm NB and smaller can havescrewed joints but these joints can leak. Should not be used for flammable orcorrosive liquids. Can be easily made on site from pipes

and fittings. Minimizes fire hazard when installingthese as no welding work is involved.


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Screwed Pipes

Not good for erosion, crevice corrosion,shock or vibration or at very high

temperatures. Seal welding may be necessary. Strength of the pipe is reduced, as forming

screw thread reduces the wall thickness. Field run by piping contractor.


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Bolted Flanged Pipes

Expensive and for most part areused to mate with flanged vessels,equipment, valves, and for process

lines which may require periodiccleaning.

Flanged joints are made by boltingtogether two flanges with gasket between them to provide seal.


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PIPE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS AS PERANSI B 36.10


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Pipe presentation