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7/24/2019 Pipe Rack Lecture
1/4
PIPE RACK
Introduction
Piperck is the main artery of the plant connecting all equipments/ units with lines.
Normally it is erected first on before the rows of equipment becomes an
obstruction for it. Piperack carry process lines, utility lines, cables trays, air
coolers.
Attachment :- a Typical overall plot plan & Cross sectional view of a piperack.
Setting Configuration for a pipe rack
he routingis first established based on the P!I". "ue consideration should also
be taken from Plot plan, client specification, plant layout specification,
fireproofing requirement, construction material.
#$tablish the width of the rack% & no of lines 'dia of pipe, bent spacing, flange
requiements, additional / future requirements as specified by client / (##"
package).
Length / Module of Rack% & he constrains for establishing the length could be
e$pansion *oints, air cooler e$tent, pipe loops requiments, transportation, braced /
anchor bay foundation si+ing and bracing si+ing.
Structural framework
It is ideal to proided eleation -racing in both direction ranserse !
ongitudinal direction. oweer this is not always possible due to piping
requiements like access way 'sometime forklift moement), pumps located at
below at grade leel. he arious options of a structural arrangement could be
0. moment resisting framework in the transerse direction
1. Partial moment resisting frame 'below first tier). his is possible when
there are two bays in the transerse direction.ongitudinal tie beams to be at 012mm below Pipe tier 3S. his is a piping
requirement for line stop plates etc.
Atachement:- cross section of piperack showing structural framework
arrangement. Module of piperack, racing arrangement
Material of construction
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0. Superstructure% & Structural steel or Concrete. Structural steel is preferred
for quick erection, more fle$ibility in wake of more changes from
upstream department. 4arious grades of steel S152 or in kashagan
S622N). N is a special requirement due to climatic conditions in
7a+akhstan 8 normali+ation of stress 'residual during manufacturing)
1. Structural bolts% & 9rade :.: -S6; =251 9rade 2?
@. (oundation 8 3pen / Pile foundation. 9eotechnical report% & frost depth
requiements, ground water table
Pipe rack loading
"ead oad of the structure 'Self weight of structure)
ie loads on platforms air cooler leel
Cable loads
=ir cooler loads
Piping load 8 'Pipe #mpty / Pipe operating / Pipe ydrotest)
humb rule / appro$ weights'P# A P3)%
Btility acks 02? D 12? kg/mE
Bnit ack Process ack 6?? D62? kg/mE
>ain interconnecting Process rack 6??D@?? kg/mE
7asghan 4alue'min)% P# F 0 kN/mEG P3 F 1 kN/mE. 'P was
taken same as P3)
arweel 'min oading)% & P# F& 0kN/mEG P3 F ?.5kN/mEG P F
0.0 kN/mE
(ire proof loading% & "epends upon the pro$imity of the
rack to ha+ardous equipments. (ireproofing requirement of a rack
can be understood from fireproof layout drawing. Concrete
encasing 8 materials like fendolite are used. In case of beams
supporting pipes the top flange is not fire proofed.
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ori+ontal pipe forces
Piping Caesar analysis. Caesar output is input for ciil. eference
to be made to the a typical pipe layout drawing showing pipe loops
and anchor points. =nchor points, friction forces, guides forces
location in the pipe. ongitudinal anchor forces are the reaction to
the long friction forces. =nchor forces to be transferred to the
foundation.
Pipe friction forces% & Hhy there is a frictional force generated
In general coeff of friction pipe to structure is 6?J but this is for a
single pipe analysis. In case of rack tier there are many pipes all of
then will not be e$panding / Contracting together in the same
direction. So to consider 6?J of the total pipe ertical load for
friction will be unconseratie. ence a lower alue is normally
adopted 8 7ashagan 5.2J 'P# A P3)
arweel % & 02J.
hese forces are not transferred to the foundation and it shall be
resisted by the top flange of the beam for hori+ontal bending.
Pipe Anchor Longitudinal% & ocation of anchor points to bedecided by piping they may or may be at the proposed braced bay.
Normally BC sections are used at these location due to high
hori+ontal forces. hese forces are transferred to the foundation
like friction forces these forces too shall be resisted by the top
flange of the beam.
#ach module of piperack must be designed for a minimum
hori+ontal anchor forces for eg 0?kN/m udl on anchor bay beams
was considered in harweel.
Pipe anchor trans!erse% & >ainly are because of guides forces.
ocation of a guide is normally ad*acent to loops or pipe tapping /
branching. In case there is no guide force a 02J of ertical pipe
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load is considered for this condition. hese forces are transferred to
the foundation.
"emperature #orces% & climatic ariation inducts temp stress in
the steel. Strain steel F adt here by the a$ial forces in the
member needs to be calculated.
!ample temperature variation calculation done in kashagan
pro"ect.
$ind forces% Hind on structure, Pipe, cable trays, air coolers.
Hind of pipe e$plain as per harweel practice.
Seismic Load
Load Com%ination% & Structural Steel (" method (actors as
per -S2