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FirstResponderTrainingByMichaelCallan
PipelineEmergencyResponse
2
CourseObjectives
Atthecompletionofthistraining,individualswillpossessthefollowingknowledge,skills,andabilities:1. Awarenessofthedifferenttypesofpipelinesandtheirpurposes2. Abilitytorecognizeapipelineright-of-way3. Knowledgeoftheinformationcontainedonpipelinemarkers4. Awarenessofinformationavailablethroughvariousmappingsystems5. Abilitytorecognizeapipelineleak6. Awarenessofthepotentialhazardsassociatedwithapipelineleak7. Understandingoftheactionstotakeinresponsetoapipelineleak,including
theessentialcommunicationsthatmaybenecessary8. Knowledgeoftheactionsoperatorstaketoprotectandmaintainthe
integrityofpipelines9. Awarenessoftheadditionalresourcesthatareavailable
3
Introduction
l Pipelinesarethesafestandmostreliablewaytotransportenergyproducts
l Pipelineoperatorsregularlymonitortheintegrityoftheirpipelinestoensuresafeoperations
l Evenwiththeseefforts,anunintendedreleaseispossibleandrespondingagenciesmustbepreparedtoact
l Thisguideprovidesageneralsetofinteroperableemergencyresponseproceduresandgivesrespondersthebasicinformationneededtosafelyhandleapipelineincident
http://pipelineawareness.org
4
PipelineBasics
l Thereareover2.7millionmilesofpipelinesintheUnitedStates
l Pipelinesarefacilitiesthoughwhichhazardousliquidsorgasmoveintransportation,andinclude:
l Pipelinesl Valvesl Compressorstationsl Pumpingunitsl Meterstationsl Storagetanks
5
PipelineBasics
PipelinesinYourCommunity
l GatheringPipelinesl Transportcrudeandnaturalgasfromthe
well-headtoprocessingfacilities
l TransmissionPipelinesl Transportnaturalgasandrefinedproducts
fromrefineriestomarketingordistributioncentersthroughlargerdiameterhigherpressurepipelines
l DistributionPipelinesl Transportnaturalgasfromtransmission
pipelinestocustomersthroughlowerpressuresmallerdiameterpipelines
6
PipelineBasics
PipelineRight-of-Way(ROW)
l Allpipelinesareconstructedalongaclearcorridoroflandcalledtheright-of-way(ROW)
l TheROWmaycontainoneormorepipelines,mayvaryinwidth,andwillcrossthroughpublicandprivateproperty
l Enablespipelinepersonneltogainaccessforinspection,maintenance,testingoremergencies
l TheROWshouldbefreeofpermanentstructures(encroachments)andlargetrees
7
PipelineBasics
TheMostImportantSizeUpInformationaResponderCanHave!
Pipeline Company Name
24 Hour Emergency Phone Number
Product Transported
PipelineMarkerSignsAbovegroundsignsandmarkersidentifytheapproximatelocationofundergroundpipelines.Markersmaylookdifferent,buteverysigntellsyouthesameinformation:
8
PipelineBasics
Vent PipesAerial Marker ROW
Approximate Locations
MARKER
PIPELINES
Railway
9
PipelineBasics
PipelineControlCenter
Whenyoucallthe24-houremergencyphonenumberonamarkersign,youwillspeakwithsomeoneatthepipelineoperator’scontrolcenter.
l Thecontrolcenteristheheartofpipelineoperations.
l 24hoursperday/7daysaweekfreeofcharge
l Thequickestwaytogetoperatorhelpl PipelineSpecificInformation
l Productl Pressurel Resourcesl AdditionalHazards
ThePipelineOperatorIsTheDirectLineToTheSolutionOfYourProblem
10
PipelineBasics
NationalPipelineMappingSysteml NPMScontainsinformationfor
alltransmission pipelinesl HazardousLiquidsPipelinesl Breakouttanksl NaturalGasPipelinesl LNGPlants
l DoesNOTincludegatheringorlocaldistributionpipelines
l Dataisdisplayedbycountyl Agenciescanobtainthis
informationindigitalformatl PIMMAaccessprovides
operatorcontactinformation
https://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/
11
PipelineBasics
HighConsequenceAreasl Pipelinesafetyregulationsusetheterm
“HighConsequenceAreas”(HCAs),toidentifyspecificlocationsandareaswhereareleasecouldhavethemostsignificantconsequences
l Onceidentified,operatorsarerequiredtoperformadditionalinspectionsandanalysistoensuretheintegrityofpipelines
l “IdentifiedSites”arelocationsnormallyoccupiedby20ormorepeopleonaregularbasisandmaycreatean“HCA”ifcloseenoughtothepipeline
12
PipelineBasics
IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)l Mappingapplicationforalltypesofpipelines
thatincludesadditionalinformation:l Producttransportedinthepipelinel Pipelinesizeininches(ifprovided)l Recommendedinitialevacuationdistancel Pipelinecompanyemergencyphonenumberl Companynameandnon-emergencycontactinformationl Linktodocumentwithadditionalinformation(ifprovided)
l EmergencyResponderscanregister“IdentifiedSites”onthemaptoinformpipelinecompaniesofpotentialHCA’sforplanningpurposes
l DoesNOTincludeallpipelinesl IsnotopentothepublicandrequiresaloginIDandpassword(thiswillbe
providedtoagenciesuponrequest)
13
PipelineBasics
l Pipelinesl Evacuation
areasl Identified
sites
IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)
14
PipelineBasics
Clickonpipelineforadditionalinformation:
l Productl PipelineSizel Evacuation
Distancel Emergency
Telephone#l Company
Namel ContactPersonl Documents
http://isepa.pipelineawareness.org/
IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)
15
ProductsandFacilities
CommonProducts:l NaturalGasl PetroleumGas
l LPG,HVL,NGLl PetroleumLiquids
l Crudeoill Refinedproducts
l AnhydrousAmmonial CarbonDioxidel Ethanoll HydrogenGasl SourCrudeOill SourGas
16
NaturalGas(DOTERG115)
l Naturalgasisthepredominantproductfoundingasdistributionpipelines,andistransportedviapipelinesinitsgaseousform
l Itistransportedthroughtransmissionpipelinestodistributioncenters(ordistributionpipelinesystems)
l Themainingredientinnaturalgasismethane(94%)l Atambienttemperaturesitremainsalighterthanairgas;however,itcan
becompressed(CNG)underhighpressuretomakeitconvenientforuseinotherapplicationsorliquefied(LNG)underextremelycoldtemperatures(-260° F)tofacilitatetransportation
l Naturalgasisodorless,colorless,tastelessandnontoxicinitsnaturalstate.l Whentransportedviatransmissionpipelines,naturalgastypically
doesnothaveodorantadded.l Anodorantisaddedwhenitisdeliveredtoadistributionsystem
17
BasicNaturalGasOperations
18
CustomerServiceMeterandShutoffValve
CompressionStation
GateStation
ProcessingPlantWellHead
NaturalGas(DOTERG115)
19
NaturalGas(DOTERG115)
IndicationsofaLeak:
l Anodorlikerotteneggsoraburntmatch(odorizednaturalgasonly)
l Aloudroaringsoundlikeajetenginel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Firecomingoutoforontopofthegroundl Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthe
winterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater
20
NaturalGas(DOTERG115)
HazardsofaRelease:
l Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparks
l Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiation
l Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithairl Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiation
withoutwarning(non-odorizedgas)l Islighterthanairandcanmigrateinto
enclosedspaces
21
NaturalGas(DOTERG115)
Odorization:l Inallnaturalgasdistribution
pipelines,andoftenintransmissionpipelineslocatedinheavilypopulatedareas,thenaturalgasmustbeodorized
l Mercaptanproductsareaddedforleakrecognition(smellslikerotteneggsoraburntmatch)
l Remember,anytimeanyonesmellsthedistinctmercaptanodor,theyshouldbeverycautious
Odorant
OdorantInjector
22
PetroleumGas(DOTERG115)
l Petroleumgasisamixtureofgaseoushydrocarbons,primarilypropane,butane,orethane,whichareeasilyliquefiedunderpressureandcommonlyusedforresidentialandcommercialheatingorotherindustrialapplications
l Propaneandbutanearenormallystoredandtransportedunderpressureasaliquid(LPG)
l LPGtransportedintransmissionpipelinesmaybecalledHighlyVolatileLiquids(HVLs)orNaturalGasLiquids(NGLs)
l Vaporizedpropaneandbutanemaybeingasdistributionpipelinesystems
l LPGisatasteless,colorlessandodorlessgas.l LPGinpipelinestypicallydoesnothaveodorant
added.Odorantisaddedwhenproductsareoff-loadedtoadistributionsystemortransporttanks
23
PetroleumGas(DOTERG115)
IndicationsofaLeakl Awhitevaporcloudthatmaylooklikesmokel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Asheenonthesurfaceofwaterl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater
HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlow
areasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgases
24
PetroleumLiquids(DOTERG128)
l Petroleumliquidsisabroadtermcoveringmanyproducts,including:crudeoil,gasoline,dieselfuel,aviationgasoline,jetfuel,fueloil,kerosene,naturalgasliquids,naphtha,xyleneandotherrefinedproducts.
l Crudeoilisunrefinedpetroleumthatisextractedfrombeneaththeearth’ssurfacethroughwells.
l Refinementofcrudeoilproducestherefinedpetroleumproductsthatweuseeveryday,suchasmotoroilsandgasoline.
l Refinedpetroleumproductsarenormallytransportedintransmissionpipelinestorailortruckterminalsfordistributiontoconsumers.
l Mostoftheseproductshaveadistinctpetroleumodor.
25
BasicPetroleumLiquidOperations
26
BasicPetroleumLiquidOperations
27
PetroleumLiquids(DOTERG128)
IndicationsofaLeakl Thepoolingofliquidonthegroundl Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Asheenonthesurfaceofwaterl Anareaofdeadvegetation
HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlow
areasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,or
frostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Runoffmaycausepollutionl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithair
28
AnhydrousAmmonia(DOTERG125)
Anhydrousammoniaistheliquefiedformofpureammoniagas.Itisacolorlessgasorliquidwithanextremelypungentodor.ItiscommonlyusedintheMidwestforagriculturalfertilizerorindustrialrefrigerant.
IndicationsofaLeakl Awhitevaporcloudthatmaylooklikesmokel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl AnirritatingandpungentodorHazardsofaReleasel Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Toxicandmaybefatalifinhaledl VaporsareextremelyirritatingandcorrosivetoskinandEyesl Undertherightconditionscanburn.Firemayproduceirritatingbyproductsl Runoffmaycausepollution
29
AnhydrousAmmonia(DOTERG125)
.0037 ppm
DetectableOrder
25 ppm
TLV- TWAACGIH 8 HRS
28%280,000ppmO2 = 15.3%
UEL
15%150,000ppmO2 = 18%
LEL
300 ppm
IDLH
35 ppm
TLV- STELACGIH 15 MIN
9500ppm
LC50Rat 1 HR
140 ppm
Runny eyes& nose 700 ppm
Immediateeye injury
10,000 ppm1 %
ImmediateDeath
30,000ppm3 %
Skin IrritationsBurns, blisters
©2015MIKECALLAN.COM
30
CarbonDioxide(DOTERG120)
Carbondioxideisaheavygasthatisnormallytransportedintransmissionpipelinesasacompressedfluid.Itisanaturallyoccurringcolorless,odorlessandtastelessgasusedinthepetroleumindustry.Undernormalconditionscarbondioxideisstable,inertandnontoxic.
IndicationsofaLeakl Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Bubblinginpoolsofwater
HazardsofaReleasel Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiationwithoutwarning
31
Ethanol(DOTERG127)
Ethanol,alsocalledethylalcohol,isacolorlessliquidthatiswidelyusedasan additivetoautomotivegasoline.Itmaybetransportedinburiedtransmission pipelines.
IndicationsofaLeakl Thepoolingofliquidonthegroundl Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Anareaofdeadvegetation
HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Runoffmaycausepollutionl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithair
32
HydrogenGas(DOTERG115)
l Hydrogengasiscommonlyproducedfromthesteamreformingofnaturalgas.
l Itisfrequentlyusednearitsproductionsite,withthetwomainusesbeingpetrochemicalprocessingandammoniaproduction.
l Itisaflammablegasthatiscolorless,odorlessandlighterthanair.
l Itisnontoxic,butcanactasasimpleasphyxiantinconfinedspaces.
l Hydrogenisnormallytransportedbetweenindustrialfacilitiesasagas.
33
HydrogenGas(DOTERG115)
IndicationsofaLeak:l Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater
HazardsofaRelease:l Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheator
sparksl Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithairl Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiation
withoutwarningl Islighterthanairandcanmigrateintoenclosed
spaces
34
SourCrudeOil(DOTERG131)SourGas(DOTERG117)
l Productscontaininglittleornosulfurareoftenreferredtoas“sweet”,whereas, productscontaininghighconcentrationsofsulfurandhydrogensulfide(H2S)arecommonlyreferredtoas“sour”
l Hydrogensulfideisacolorless,flammable,corrosiveandextremelytoxicgaswithanoffensiverotteneggodor.
l Itiscreatednaturallybythebacterialbreakdownofsulfur-containingorganicmaterials.
l Innaturalgasandcrudeoil,itisacontaminantthatmustberemovedbeforeproductsaresenttocommercialmarkets.
l Hydrogensulfideisheavierthanair,itwillcollectinlowplaces.
35
SourCrudeOil(DOTERG131)SourGas(DOTERG117)
l Hydrogensulfide’soffensiveodorisreadilydetectableatverylowconcentrations.
l However,smellcannotbereliedupontoforewarnofdangerousconcentrationsbecauseitrapidlydegradesthesenseofsmellduetoparalysisoftheolfactorynerve.
l Alongerexposuretolowerconcentrationshasasimilardesensitizingeffectonthesenseofsmell.Exposuretorelativelylowlevelsofhydrogensulfidecanbefatal.
36
1 ppm.001 %
Detectable Odor
10 ppm
TLV-TWA
100 ppm.01 %
Kills ability tosmell in 3-15 minutesMay burn eyes & throat
200 ppm.02 %
Kills ability to smellrapidly, burns eyes& throat
500 ppm.05 %
Loses sense of reasoning& balance, dizziness &breathing stops in 2-3 minutes
700 ppm
Unconscious QuicklyDeath if not rescued promptly
1000 ppm.1 %
UnconsciousImmediately
followed by death within minutes
HydrogenSulfideH2S
15 ppm
TLV-STEL
IDLH
712 ppm
LC50(Rat – 1hr.) 4%
40,000ppmO2 = 20.1%
LEL
UEL
44%440,000ppmO2 = 12.1%
©2015MIKECALLAN.COM
37
EmergencyPreparedness
l Pipelineemergenciesaresomeofthemostdangeroussituationsanemergencyrespondercanencounter.
l Advanceknowledgeofpipelinesinyourcommunityalongwithknowinghowtocontactandworktogetherwiththepipelineoperatorarekeyfactorstoaneffectiveandsaferesponse
38
EmergencyPreparedness
Whatyoushouldknowbeforeanincident:
l NamesoftheCompaniesoperatingpipelinesinyourcommunity
l Emergencyandnonemergencycontactinformationforallpipelineoperators
l Approximatelocationofthepipelinesl Productstransportedinthepipelinesl Physicalindicationsofaleakl Possiblehazardsassociatedwithareleasel Potentialimpactonthecommunityl Stepsthatshouldbetakentoprotectthepublicl Responsecapabilitiesofthepipelineoperator
39
EmergencyPreparedness
EmergencyResponseCapabilities
TheEmergencyResponseCapabilitiesDatabase&ReportingToolisafree,web-basedresourcedevelopedtoenhanceemergencypreparednessandresponseplanningincommunitieswithpipelineinfrastructure.l Responsecapabilitiesfor:
l RespondingAgenciesl PipelineOperators
l Personneltrainingl Respondingunitsl Cooperativeagreements
40
IncidentResponseSteps
l Respondersmustunderstandthehazardsandrisksassociatedwiththeincident
l Seekadditionalinformationaboutthepipelineinquestionassoonaspossiblebycallingthe24-houremergencyphonenumberforthepipelineoperator
l Everyincidentisdifferent- eachwillhavespecialproblemsandconcerns
l RefertoinformationcontainedintheNorthAmericanEmergencyResponseGuidebook(NAERG)ormorecommonlytheDOTERG
l Continuetogatherinformationandmonitorthesituationuntilthethreatisremoved
41
IncidentResponseSteps
l Usewhatyouknow- pipelinesreleasehazardousmaterials
l TheERGprovidesactionsforthefirstmomentsofanyHaz-Matemergency
l TheERGwhitepageguidance:l ApproachCautiouslyl SecureTheScenel IdentifytheProductandHazardsl AssesstheSituationl CallforHelpl RespondAppropriately
l DoNOTassumegassesorvaporsareharmlessduetolackofsmell!
42
Step1- ApproachwithCautionfromUpwind,UphillorUpstream
ApproachwithCautionl Stayclearofvapors,fumes,smokeandspills
l Donotwalkordriveintoavaporcloudorpuddleofliquid.
l Donotparkovermanholesorstormdrains.
l Donotapproachthescenewithvehiclesormechanizedequipmentuntiltheisolationzoneshavebeenestablished.
l Vehicleenginesareapotentialignitionsource.
l Useappropriateair-monitoringequipmenttoestablishtheextentofvaportravel.
43
Step2- SecuretheScene
EstablishIsolationZonesandSetUpBarricadesl Isolationzonesandbarricadesprevent
unauthorizedpeopleandunprotectedemergencyrespondersfromenteringthehazardareaandbecominginjured.
l Basedonthetypeofincident,useanyorallofthefollowingtocalculateandestablishisolationzones:l DOTEmergencyResponseGuidebookl Informationfromthepipelineoperator’s
representativel Heatintensitylevelsl Measurementsfromair-monitoringequipment
l Usevisiblelandmarks,barricadetapeorconesl Defineentryandexitroutes
44
Step2- SecuretheScene
EmploytheIncidentCommandSysteml EmployingtheIncidentCommandSystem
(ICS)isoneofthemostimportantactionstotake.
l ICSprovidescommonterminology,organizationalstructure,duties,andoperationalproceduresamongoperatorpersonnelandvariousfederal,stateandlocalagenciesthatmaybeinvolvedinresponseoperations.
l IdentifyanIncidentCommander(IC)
45
Step3– IdentifytheHazards
Identifyl Locatepipelinemarkersign:
l Productl Operatorl 24-houremergencyphonenumber
l Contactpipelineoperatorl RefertotheDOTEmergencyResponse
Guidebook
46
Step4- AssesstheSituation
Assessl Isthereafire,spillorleak?l Isthereavaporcloud?l Whataretheweatherconditions?l Whatdirectionisthewindblowing?l Whatistheterrainlike?l Whoandwhatisatrisk:people,
propertyorenvironment?l Whatactionsshouldbetaken:
l Evacuationl Shelterin-placel Diking?
l Whathuman/equipmentresourcesarerequired?
47
Step5– ObtainAssistance
ObtainAssistancel ContactYourOrganizationandinitiate
thelocalemergencyresponseplanl CallThePipelineOperatorandhave:
l CallBacknumbers,contactnamel DetailedLocationandaddressl TypeofEmergency(Fire,Leak,Gas)l Timeofreleasel Knowninjuriesl Exposuresl Anyspecialsituations
l InitiateEmergencyResponse
Contactingpipelineoperatorsassoonaspossibleiscriticaltocontrollingtheincident
48
Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment
Theprotectionofpeopleisalwaysthehighestpriority.Protectiveactionsarethosestepstakentopreservethehealthandsafetyofemergencyrespondersandthepublicduringapipelineincident.RescueandEvacuatePeople
l Donotwalkordriveintoavaporcloudorpuddleofliquid.
l Evacuateorshelter-in-placeasappropriatel Administerfirstaidandmedicaltreatment,
asneeded.l Entertheareaonlywhenwearingappropriate
protectivegear- suchasStructuralFireFighters’ProtectiveClothing
IfNaturalGasisescapinginabuilding,refertoAppendixDforadditionalprecautions.
49
AppendixD- NaturalGasRecommendMinimumEvacuationDistances
Table1– EvacuationDistanceinFeet
Pressure(p
sig)PipelineSize(Inches)
AppendixD- NaturalGas(NotapplicableforButane,Propane,orotherHazardousLiquids)
50
Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment
EliminateIgnitionSourcesl Parkvehiclesinasafelocationl Parkallemergencyvehiclesatasafedistance
beyondtheisolationzone(upwind).l DoNOT lightamatch,startanengine,usea
telephoneorradio,DoNOT switchlightsonorofforuseanythingthatmaycreateaspark.
FireControll Letprimaryfireburn
l Coolsurroundingstructures
l Bewarehotspotre-ignitionl Eliminatepotentialignitionsourcesl DoNOT inhalefumes,smokeorvaporsl DoNOT Operatepipelineequipment
51
Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment
VaporControlLimitingtheamountofvaporreleasedfromapoolofflammableorcorrosiveliquidsrequirestheuseofproperprotectiveclothing,specializedequipment,appropriatechemicalagents,andskilledpersonnel.Itisbesttocontainthehazardsandwaitforthepipelineoperator’srepresentativetohandlethepipelineanditsproduct.l Donotinhalefumes,smokeorvapors.l Eliminateignitionsources!Flammable
gasesmayescapeandbeignitedbyasourceinthearea.
l Donotigniteavaporcloud!l Avoidforcedventilationofstructures
andexcavations.l Limitedfogmistingcanbeofsome
benefitifknockingdownavapor
52
Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment
Leak Controll liquidpipelineleaksandrupturescancreatemajor
problemswithspillconfinementandcontainment.l Askyourselfwherethespillwillbeinafewhours?l Whatcanbedonetoconfinethespillordivertitaway
fromexposures.l Establishbarrierstopreventleaksfromspreadingto
watersources,stormdrainsorothersensitiveareas.l Stormsewerormanholedaml Smallstreamcontainmentbooml Pipeskimmingunderflowdaml Wirefenceorstrawfilterdam
l Ifaleakisaccidentallyignited,firefightingshouldfocusexposures- InNOcircumstancesshouldeffortsbemadetoextinguishthefireuntilthesourceofsupplyhasbeencutofforcontrolled.
Nevertouchvalvesonapipeline!
53
Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator
911CentersandPipelineControlCenters
l Receiveinitialnotificationsandcollectcriticalinformation
l Dispatchpersonnelandequipmenttothescene
l Disseminateinformationtootheragenciesororganizations
l Establishapointofcontactforongoingcommunications
54
Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator
PipelineOperator’sRepresentative
l Servesastheprimarycontactforcommunicationbetweentheoperator’steamandemergencyresponders
l EstablishescontactwiththeIncidentCommanderbeforeanduponarrival
l Recommendsactionstotakeespeciallyastheyrelatetocontainmentandcontrolofthepipelineproduct
55
Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator
PipelineOperator’sRepresentative
l Knowshowtoshutoffthesupplyofgasorliquid
l Onlytheoperator’srepresentativeistrainedtooperatepipelineequipment
l ThePipelineRepresentativeistheprimarycontactandistheultimatesubjectmatterexpertregardingtheproductbeingreleased
56
Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator
EmergencyResponders
l MaintainsitecontrolandactasIncidentCommander(IC)
l Eliminateignitionsourcesandsuppressvapors
l Providesstandbyrescuepersonneltopipelineoperatorpersonnelenteringtheincidentareatostoptherelease
l Monitortheatmosphereintherepairandcontainmentareas
57
Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator
TogetherIncidentCommanderandPipelineOperator’sRepresentative
l Identifypublichealthhazardsandadditionalprotectiveactionstobetaken
l ParticipateinUnifiedCommandl Determinewhentheoperator’spersonnel
cansafelyentertheareal Determinewhenthezoneofinfluence
needsadditionaldikingl Coordinatepublicinformationneedsl Decidewhenitissafeforthepublictore-
entertheareal Shareany“afteraction”reportsand
cooperateonimprovements
58
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
PipelineIntegrity
l Thepipelineindustryusesawiderangeoftoolsandtechnologiestomaintainsafeoperationsbyvisuallyinspectingabovegroundpipesandrelatedequipmentforcorrosionanddamage
l Onaregularbasis,personnelwalk,driveandflyoverpipelineright-of-waysinspectingthemforunauthorizedactivities,leaks,andotherconditionsthatmightendangerthepipeline
l Pipelineoperatorsalsousein-lineinspectiontoolsknownas“smartpigs”toinspectbelowgradepipeandequipmentbyhydrostatictesting,electro-magnetictesting,andothertechniquestoidentifydefectswhichcouldthreatenpipelineintegrity
l Wheninspectioneffortsidentifyanyintegrity-threateningconditions,theoperatortakescorrectiveactiontomaintainsafeoperations
59
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
PipelineIntegrity
l RightofWayInspectionsl 24/7Monitoringl CathodicProtectionl PipelineCoatingsl ILItools– SmartPigs
60
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
PipelineIntegrity
l InternalInspectionDevices(SmartPigs)aremechanicaldevicesmovedthroughapipelinetoinspectthepipefordefectsandcorrosion
Geometry“Pig”
Smart“Pig”“Pig”LaunchingandReceivingStation
61
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
ExcessFlowValves(EFV)andCurbValvesl ExcessFlowValvesautomaticallyrestrictthe
flowofgasinservicelinesthathavebeencutordamaged
l Excessflowvalvesmaynot beinstalledinallservicelines
l CurbValvesprotectagainstuncontrolledgasreleasesfromlargercommercialandindustrialusers,gasdistributioncompaniesarerequiredtoinstallcurbvalves,manuallyoperatedshutoffvalvesneartheservicemain,orEFVs
l Policiesregardingtheoperationofcurbvalvesbyemergencyresponsepersonnelshouldbecoordinatedwiththelocalgascompanysoallpartiesareclearaboutwhatmightbeexpected
62
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
EmergenciesAffectingPipelines
l Manytypesofemergencysituationscanaffectburiedpipelines(trainderailments,floods,earthquakes,forestfires,structurecollapses,etc.)
l Pipelinecompaniesshouldbenotifiedsotheycanmonitorandverifytheintegrityofnearbypipelines
l Respondersmaybeabletonotifypipelineoperatorsoftheemergencybycalling811andinformingtheOne-CallCenterofthesituation
l Coordinationwithpipelineoperatorsduringemergencieswillensurethesafetyoftheresponseteamandalsothesurroundingcommunity
63
DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility
SecurityandDamageReporting
l Inournation’stimeofheightenedsecurity,Homelandsecurityandinfrastructureprotectionisasharedresponsibility.
l Reportanydamageorunusualactivityalongapipelineright-of-waytothepipelineoperator
l Theoperatorwillimmediatelyinvestigateandrepairanydamage
ifyou
SEEsomething
SEEsomething
REPORTSUSPICIOUSACTIVITYtolocalauthorities
64
Summary
l Respondingtopipelineemergenciesisasdetailedasanyhazardousmaterialsevent
l Respondersmustunderstandthehazardandrisksoftheproducts
l Theymustbewellacquaintedwiththetransmission,distributionandservicesystems
l Theyalsohavetohaveastrongknowledgebasetooperatesafelyattheseincidents
65
Appendices
A. Leak,HazardandEmergencyResponseInformation
B. GeneralProductCharacteristicsC. RecommendedMinimumEvacuation
DistancesForNaturalGasPipelineLeaksandRuptures
D. NaturalGasEscapingInsideaBuildingE. StorageFacilities
§ AdditionalResources§ EmergencyResponseCapabilities§ IncidentResponseChecklist
66
Scenarios– www.pipelineawareness.org
a a a
aa aa
a a a
aa
a
a a a
NaturalGasHazardousLiquidsEmergencyPlanning
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ForAdditionalInformation:www.pipelineawareness.org