a\pjy³ Page 1

a\pjy³

} الإنسان {[ Malayalam – aebmfw – مليالم ]

Fw. Fw. AIv_À

يم.محمد اكبر

Daawa books P.B. No: 1981, Vyttila, Kochi

Ph: 0091-484-2301275

Email: info@dawabooks.org

مكتب الدعوة ، جمعية مشكاة الحق : إعداد كوجين ، كيرلا ، الهند

Web edition by :

م0240 -هـ 4133

a\pjy³ Page 2

Cu temI¯ ns\mcp {kjvSmhp­v- Poh³ \Â In hm

bphpw shÅ hpw kuIcys¸Sp¯ n `qansb PohnXtbmKy

am¡ nb ]caImcpWnI\mb {kjvSmhv. \mw ChnsS F§

s\ Pohn¡ Wsa¶pw Cu PohnX¯ nsâ ]ca e£ yw F

s´ ¶pw ZqX·mÀ. aptJ\ {kjvSmhv \s½ ]Tn¸n¨ p. \½ p

sS PohnX¯ nsâ IW¡ v acWtijw \mw {kjvSmhnsâ

ap¼ n t_m[n¸nt¡ ­n hcpw.A¶v ]pWyw sNbvXh\v \

·bpw ]m]w sNbvXh\v Xn·bpw {]Xn^ew In«pw. AXn\m

 {kjvSmhv Xsâ ZqXcneqsS \ Inb \nÀtZia\pkcn¨ v

Pohn¡ pIbmWv a\pjysâ c£ m amÀKw.

\ap¡ v temI{kjvSmhv \Â Inb \nÀtZi kwlnX

bmWv JpÀB³ . apl½ Zv \_n()bneqsS Ah³ B ktµ

iw a\pjyÀs¡ ¯ n¨p sImSp¯ p. CXdnª hcpw Adnbm

¯ hcpw \ap¡ nSbn D­v. temIsc apgph³ {kjvSmhn

sâ ktµiadnbn¡ Â AXdnª hcpsS _m[yXbmWv. A

Xn\mbn cq]oIrXamb Hcp {]kvYm\amWv "\n¨ v Hm^-v {Sq

¯ v'.

\mYm, kXyaX ktµi {]NcW¯ n\p th­nbpÅ

hn\oXamsbmcp kwcw`amWnXv.\o GÂ ]n¨ D¯ chmZn¯

¯ nsâ \nÀhlW¯ n\p th­nbpÅ Ffnb {iaw. CsXm

cp {]Xn^emÀlamb {]hÀ¯ \ambn kzoIcnt¡ Wta (B

ao³ ).

UbdIvSÀ

a\pjy³ Page 3

XmfpIfnÂ

1--- - a\pjy³ ;- im-kv-{X-¯ n-epw

- `u-Xn-I- Z-À-i-\-¯ n-epw -

4

2 - a\pjy]cnWmaw

13

3--- - a\pjy³ JpÀB\nÂ

25

4 - [mÀ-an-I-X-

45

5--- - am\hnIX

55

6--- - hntamN\w

63

7 - F-́ n-\v- Po-hn-¡ -Ww-?

75

a\pjy³ Page 4

H-¶v-

a\pjy³ ;-

im-kv-{X-¯ n-epw- `u-Xn-I- Z-À-i-\-¯ n-epw -

"Adnhv' F¶v AÀYw hcp¶ "kb³ dnb'sb¶ emän

³ ]Z¯ n \n¶mWv "kb³ kn's³ d D ]¯ n. kb³ kn

s³ d Gähpw {]mNo\amb AÀYw "hnPvRm\w' F¶msW

¦nepw ]mZmÀYnIamb Adnhv am{Xsa B[p\nI imkv{X

¯ ns³ d hcpXnbn hcp¶pÅ q. ]ZmÀY-hpw {Zhym[njvTnX

amb Cu {]]©hpamWv imkv{X¯ ns³ d taJe. kmam\y

ambn¸dª m "]ZmÀY-w F§s\ s]cpamdp¶p' sh¶Xm

Wv imkv{X¯ ns³ d hnjbw. {]KXv` imkv{X ZmÀi\nI\m

b kÀ hneyw skkn³ Umw]nbÀ imkv{X¯ n\v \Â Inb

\nÀhN\w {i² n¡ pI: "{]IrXn {]Xn`mk§sf¡ pdn¨ A

\p{Iaamb Adnhpw Cu {]Xn`mk§Ä hyIvXam¡ p¶ Im

cy§Ä X½ nepÅ _\v[s¯ ¡ pdn¨ bpIvXn\njvTamb ]T

\hpamWv imkv{Xw' (W.C. Dampier: A history of Science Page: 13).

{]IrXnbnse sNdpXpw hepXpamb {]Xn`mk§sf

sbÃmw hniZoIcn¡ phm³ imkv{XPvR·mÀ {ian¨ n«p­v.

{]kvXpX hniZoIcW§fn NnesXÃmw C¶pw A\pam

\w (Hypothesis) am{Xambn XpScp¶ps­¦nepw an¡ Xpw icn

bmsW¶v {]mtbmKnIambn sXfnbn¡ m³ imkv{XPvR·mÀ

¡ v km[n¨ n«p­v. Ahn`mPysa¶v IcpXs¸«ncp¶ Bä§Ä

¡ Is¯ AXnkq£ va§fmb AtämanIþ k_v BtämanI

IWnIIfpsS kz`mhs¯ bpw \ne\n ]ns³ d \nba§sf

bpw Ipdn¨ v Hcp hn[saÃm Imcy§fpw C¶v am\hcmin¡ v

a\pjy³ Page 5

Adnbmw. AXn_rl¯ mb kvYqe{]]©¯ nse {Kl§Ä

apX \£ {X Pme§Ä hscbpw IzmkmdpIÄ apX ]Ä

kmdpIÄ hscbpw kq¸À t\mh apX XtamKÀ¯ §Ä

hscbpapÅ JtKmf hkvXp¡ sf¡ pdn¨ v ]Tn¡ m\pw Ah

bpsS \ne\n ]n\v ]n¶nepÅ \nba§sf \nÀ[mcWw sN

bvsXSp¡ m\pw imkv{XPvR·mÀ¡ v Ignª n«p­v. \ap¡ v Np

äpapÅ ktNX\§f-pw AtNX\§fpamb hkvXp¡ sf¡ p

dns¨Ãmw Hs«ms¡ hkvXp\njvTambn ]Tn¡ phm³ \ap¡ v

km[n¨ n«p­v.km[n¨ n«nÃm¯ hsb¡ pdn¨ v ]Tn¡ m\pÅ {i

a§Ä \S¶p sIm­ncn¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶p­v.

am\hicochpw imkv{XPvRs³ d KthjW¯ n\v ]p

d¯ Ã. a\pjys³ d P\\w apXÂ acWwhscbpÅ imcocn

I {]{InbIsf¡ pdns¨Ãmw GItZiw ka{Kamb PvRm\w

t\SnsbSp¡ m³ imkv{XPvR·mÀ¡ v Ignª n«p­v.C¶se,

a\pjy icocs¯ ¡ pdn¨ GItZi PvRm\ambncp¶p a\p

jy icoc imkv{Xw (Human Physiology) sIm­v hnh£ n¡

s¸«ncp¶sX¦n C¶Xv At\Iw imJIfpÅ AXn_rl

¯ mb hnPvRm\obamWv. IÀWhnPvRm\obw (Othology) ap

XÂ t\{XhnPvRm\obw (Opthalmology) hscbpÅ _mlymh

bh§sf¡ pdn¨ ]T\imJIfpw lrZb hnPvRm\obw

(Cardiology) apXÂ \mUohnPvRm\obw (Neurology) hscbpÅ

B´ cmhbh§sf¡ pdn¨ hnPvRm\imJIfpw ssewKnI

imkv{Xw(Sexology) apXÂ AkvYn hyqlimkv{Xw(Osteology)

hscbpÅ B´ cnI hyql§sf¡ pdn¨ hnPvRm\ob§fp

apÄ s¡ mÅ p¶ hfsc _rl¯ mb Hcp hnPvRm\imJ X

s¶bmWXv. AYhm, a\pjys³ d B´ cnIþ_mlymhbh

§sf¡ pdn¨ pw Ahs³ d icocs¯ \ne\nÀ¯ p¶ hyhkv

a\pjy³ Page 6

YIsf¡ pdn¨ psaÃmw GItZiw ]qÀWambn¯ s¶ ]Tn¡ p

hm³ imkv{XPvR·mÀ¡ v Ignª n«p­v. amdmhym[nIsf¶v

IcpXs¸«ncp¶ H«\h[n tcmK§Ä ¡ v ]cnlmcap­m¡ p

hm³ B[p\nI imkv{X¯ n\v km[n¨Xv Cu ka{Kamb A

dnhpÅ Xp sIm­mWv. B[p\nI a\pjys³ d kzmkvYyw

sISp¯ p¶ ]pXnb tcmK§sf¡ pdn¨ v AdnbmsXbà CXv

]dbp¶Xv. {]kvXpX tcmK§sft¸mepw tXm ]n¡ phm³

X§Ä ¡ v km[n¡ psa¶ ip`m]vXnhnizmkw imkv{XPvR

\n krjvSn¡ p¶Xpw a\pjyicocs¯ ¡ pdn¨ Ahs³ d

AdnhmsW¶v kqNn¸n¡ pI am{XamWv.

a\pjymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d cN\mXvaIhpw \ntj[mXva

Ihpamb km[yXIsf¡ pdn¨ v hniZoIcn¡ phm\pw imkv

{Xw {ian¨ n«p­v. tIhe imkv{X¯ ns³ d AfhptImepIÄ

D]tbmKn¨p sIm­v \S¯ nb {]kvXpX {ia§sfÃmw ]cm

Pbs¸«XmbmWv imkv{X Ncn{Xw ]Tn¨m a\Ê nemhpI.

"BcmWv a\pjy³ ?' F¶ tNmZy¯ n\v D¯ cw \Â Im³ {i

an¨ `uXnIZÀi\§fn ]eXpw ]cmPbs¸Sphm\pÅ {]

[m\s¸« ImcW§fnsem¶v `uXnIimkv{X¯ ns³ d Af

hp tImepIÄ am{Xap]tbmKn¨ v a\pjys\ hniZoIcn¡ m

³ {ian¨XmsW¶v ImWm³ Ignbpw.

{]KXv` X¯ -zimkv{XPvR\mb kn. C.Fw. tPmUv X

s³ d Guide to the Philosophy of morals and politics F¶ {K\vY¯ n

 lhmÀUns³ d kmam\yw ZoÀLamb IhnXbn \ns¶m

cp `mKw D² cn¡ p¶p­v. AXns³ d Bibw C§s\bmWv:-

"]¯ v Kme³ Pehpw Ggv _mÀ tkm¸pIÄ ¡ mhiyamb

sImgp¸pw H³ ]Xn\mbncw s]³ knepIÄ ¡ pÅ nse ImÀ_

Wpw c­mbnc¯ n Ccp¶qdv Xos¸«nt¡ menepÅ t^mkv^

a\pjy³ Page 7

dkpw kmam\yw henb Hcp BWnbnse Ccp¼ pw tImgn¡ q

Sv shÅ bSn¡ phm\mhiyamb Np®m¼ pw Ipd¨ v kÄ ^dpw

saKv\ojyhpw icnbmb A\p]mX¯ n Iq«n¡ pg¨m a

\pjy icocambn amdn' (t]Pv 251).

ckX{´ PvRs³ d ho£ W¯ nepÅ a\pjy\mWnXv.

GXm\pw cmk]ZmÀY§fpsS an{inXw. Pohimkv{X hn-im-c

-Z-\v- CXn A ]w IqSn Iq«nt¨À¡ m\p­mbncn¡ pw. t{Im

atkmapIsf¡ pdn¨ pw Po\pIsf¡ pdn¨ pw AbmÄ ¡ v ]dbp

hm\p­mIpw. DuÀP X{´ PvR\v Ipd¨pIqSn kwkmcn¡ p

hm\p­mbncn¡ pw. a\pjy akvXnjvI¯ ns³ dbpw imcocn

I hyhkvYIfpsSbpw k¦oÀWXsb¡ pdn¨ pw `uXnIþcm

k LS\sb kw_\v[n¨ pw IqSn AbmÄ ]dbpw. a\pjy

s\¡ pdn¨ ImgvN¸mSn ]mc¼ cyimkv{X¯ n\pw ]cnWma

hmZ¯ n\psaÃmw AhbpsS ]¦v hln¡ phm\p­v. AXpw

IqSn A\phZn¨psImSp¡ pIþ F¦n Xs¶ a\pjys\¡ p

dn¨ ]qÀWamb Nn{Xw \ap¡ v e`n¡ ptam? "CÃ' F¶mWp

¯ cw. a\pjys³ d am{Xamb ]e {]tXyIXIfpw imkv{X

imJIfpsS KthjW taJe¡ v AXoXambn \nesImÅ p

IbmWv.ssat{ImkvtIm¸pIfpw sSekvtIm¸pIfpw F{X X

s¶ ]ptcmKan¨mepw Cu A]cym]vXX \ne\n ¡ pI X

s¶ sN¿ pwþ XoÀ¨ .

CXpXs¶bmWv `uXnI ZÀi\§fpsSbpw AhkvY.

]­v A\v[·mÀ B\sb ImWm³ t]mb IYbnteXp t]m

se Hmtcm ZmÀi\nI¶pw ImWm³ Ignª Xv a\pjys³ d

Hmtcm `mK§sf am{XamWv.DZmlcW¯ n\v knKva­v t{^m

bnUns³ d a\ximkv{X X¯ -z§Ä t\m¡ pI. a\ximkv{X

cwKs¯ At±l¯ ns³ d teJ\§Ä hmbn¡ p¶hÀ¡ dn

a\pjy³ Page 8

bmw, At±l¯ n\v e`n¨ ncp¶ tcmKnIfne[nIhpw ssewKn

I ImcW§fm tcmKnIfmbhcmbncp¶p F¶v. AXn\mÂ

a\pjyÀ¡ p­mIp¶ a\x-]oUIÄ (Obsessions)¡ pw `oXntcm

K(Phobias)§Ä ¡ pw a\kvXm]§Ä (Anxiety Neurosis)¡ pw R

c¼ p tcmK§Ä (Neuro Psychosis) ¡ psaÃmw {][m\s¸« Im

cWw ssewKnIhpw Zm¼ Xy kw_\v[hpamb {]iv\§fm

sW¶v At±lw a\Ê nem¡ n. Cu ssewKnI{]kIvXn kz]v

\§Ä ¡ p IqSn _m[Iam¡ pIbmWv At±lw Xs³ d amkv

äÀ ]osk¶v hntijn¸n¡ s¸Sp¶ The Interpretation of dreams

F¶ {K\vY¯ neqsS sN¿ p¶Xv. tKmhWn Ibdp¶ kz]v\

¯ n \n¶pt]mepw ssewKnIhnImchpw Dt¯ P\hpw \nÀ

[mcWw sNbvXv FSp¡ p¶p­t±lw. C¡ mcyw a\pjycp

sS kmaqlyPohnX¯ n IqSn {]tbmKn¡ ms\mcps¼ Spt¼ m

fmWv At±l¯ ns³ d Gähpw KpcpXchpw A£ ´ hyhpam

b A_² §Ä ad\o¡ n shfnhmIp¶Xv. Xs³ d CuUn¸

kv tImw¹Ivkv, CZv, CutKm, kq¸À CutKm k¦Â ]§fn

eqsS a\pjycpsS kIe am\ {]hÀ¯ \§fnepw ssewKn

IX ZÀin¡ p¶p­t±lw. A½ bpw Ipª pw X½ nepÅ _

\v[¯ n t]mepw ssewKnIXbpsS em©\ Is­¯ p¶

At±lw a\pjys\ Hcp ssewKnIPohn am{Xambn A[x]

Xn¸n¡ pIbmWv sN¿ p¶Xv. a\pjys\ a\Ê nem¡ m³ sN

¶ At±l¯ n\v ]nSp¯ w In«nbXv "ssewKnIX' sb¶ H

scmä "Ahbhw' am{Xambncp¶p. `uXnIhmZ¯ ns³ d A\v

[X {Kkn¨ ncp¶ At±lw hnfn¨ p ]dª p: "a\pjy³ Hcp

ssewKnI Pohn am{XamWv'.

Cu \qäm­ns³ d X¯ z-imkv{Xsa¶v kmÀ{Xv hnti

jn¸n¨ amÀIvknk¯ n\v kw`hn¨Xpw asäm¶Ã. F¸nIyqd

a\pjy³ Page 9

kns³ d ]camWphmZ¯ ns³ dbpw t^mbÀ _m¡ ns³ d `u

XnI hmZ¯ ns³ dbpw ASn¯ dbn \n¶psIm­v {]]©

hymJym\¯ n\v {ian¨ ImÄ amÀIvkn\v ]ZmÀY¯ ns³ d am

{Xw kz`mh§sf a\pjy\nepw Is­¯ m³ Ignª pÅ q.

]cnkvYnXnbnep­mhp¶ ]cnhÀ¯ \§Ä ]ZmÀY¯ ns³ d

kz`mh§fn amä§Ä hcp¯ psa¦n a\pjys³ d hÀ

¯ \§fnepw A§s\bp­mhpsa¶v At±lw kn² m´ n¨p.

a\pjys\¶ ]ZmÀY-¯ ns³ d k¦oÀWamb k¦enX cq]

§fn amäw hcp¯ p¶ ]cnkvYnXn LSIw D ]mZ\ _\v

[§fmsW¶mbncp¶p At±l¯ ns³ d \nKa\w.Ncn{X¯ n

s³ d Zim k\v[nIfnep­mb \mKcnI apt¶ä§fn k¼

¯ n\v AYhm D ]mZ\ _\v[§Ä ¡ p­mbncp¶ kzm[o

\§sf Xs³ d kn² m´ §Ä ¡ \pIqeambn hymJym\n¡ p

hm³ amÀIvkn\v Ignª p. DÂ ]mZt\m]IcW§fpsS amä

¯ n\\pkcn¨ v amäw hcp¶ Hcp Pohn am{XamWv At±l

¯ ns³ d ho£ W¯ nse a\pjy³ . At±lhpw a\pjys\

I­Xv A\v[³ B\sb I­Xpt]mse¯ s¶! t{^mbnUv

]nSn¨Xv ssewKnIXsb¶ hmenembncp¶psh¦n amÀIvkv

]nSn¨Xv kzImcy k¼ s¯ ¶ Imenembncp¶psh¶v am{Xw.

Ccphscbpw A\v[cm¡ nbXv `uXnIhmZw Xs¶.

BcmWv a\pjy³ ? ]ZmÀY¯ ns³ d ]cnWmaN{Iw

A\pkyqXw Id§nbt¸mÄ Dcp¯ ncnª k¦oÀW LS\

bpÅ Hcp kwbpIvXw am{XamtWm? Hcp ssewKnI Pohn

tbm? km¼ ¯ nI Pohntbm? AXÃ amemJtbm?

H¶maXmbn, a\pjy³ {]]©¯ nse Hcp AwKamIp

¶p. kqcys\bpw N{µs\bpw \£ {X§sfbpw t]msebp

Å Hcp AwKw. IÃns\bpw ]mdsbbpw Np®m¼ ns\bpw

a\pjy³ Page 10

t]msebpÅ Hcp AwKw. IÃnepw shÅ ¯ nepw Icn¡ «bn

epapÅ aqeI§Ä Xs¶bmWv a\pjyicoc¯ nepapÅ Xv.

]t£ , a\pjy³ IÃpw shÅ hpw Icn¡ «bpaÃ. Ah¶v a

äv ]ZmÀY§fn \n¶v hyXykvXamb Hcp AkvXnXzap­v.A

h³ tNX\bpÅ h\mWv. At¸mÄ F´ mWv Poh³ ? hyIv

Xambn \nÀhNn¡ m\mhm¯ ]Z§fnsem¶mbn "Poh³ ' C

¶pw imkv{X \nL­phn Ahtijn¡ pIbmWv.

c­maXmbn, a\pjy³ ktNX\ hkvXp¡ fpsS KW

¯ nse Hcp AwKamIp¶p. tdmkmsNSnsbbpw BÂ acs¯

bpw t]msebpÅ Hcp AwKw. Aao_sbbpw ssl{Usb

bpw t]msebpÅ Hcp AwKw. Aao_ Hcp GItImi Pohn

bmsW¦n a\pjy³ Hcp _lptImi PohnbmsW¶ hy

Xymkw am{XamtWm Ah X½ nepÅ Xv? tdmkmsNSnbn ]q

hp­mhp¶psh¦n a\pjy\n AXp­mhnsö hyXym

kw am{XamtWm Ah X½ nepÅ Xv? Cu tNmZy§Ä ¡ pÅ

D¯ cw "AÃ' F¶msW¦n ]ns¶sb´ mWv a\pjys\ C

Xc ktNX\ hkvXp¡ fn thÀXncn¨p \nÀ¯ p¶ LSI

sa¶v hniZoIcn¡ phm³ IgnbWw.

aq¶maXmbn, P´ phÀK§fnsem¶mIp¶p \chÀKw.

B\sbbpw BSns\bpw Ddp¼ ns\bpw DSp¼ ns\bpw \mb

sbbpw \cnsbbpw Ipc§ns\bpw IpXncsbbpw t]msebp

Å Hcp Pohn. B\¡ pÅ Xp t]mse I®pIfpw BSn\pÅ

Xp t]mse ImXpIfpw Ddp¼ n\pÅ Xpt]mse ImepIfpw D

Sp¼ n\pÅ Xp t]mse hmbbpw \mb¡ pÅ Xp t]mse \m

¡ pw \cn¡ pÅ Xpt]mse \J§fpw Ipc§n\pÅ Xpt]mse

]ÃpIfpw IpXnc¡ pÅ Xpt]mse \mkmc\v{[§fpsaÃmw a

\pjy\p­v. asämcp P´ phn\panÃm¯ GsX¦nepsamcp A

a\pjy³ Page 11

hbhw a\pjy\nÃ. F¦n a\pjy\pw aäv arK§fpsS K

W¯ n s]Sp¯ mhp¶ Hcp PohhÀKw am{XamtWm?

imkv{XPvRs³ d D¯ cw "AÃ, a\pjy³ kq¸À B

\naemWv' F¶mWv. AXpXs¶bmWnhnSs¯ {]iv\w. F

´ mWv a\pjys\ kq¸À B\naem¡ p¶Xv?

Ahs³ d I®pIfmtWm? F¦n a\pjyt\¡ mf[n

Iw ImgvNiIvXnbpÅ P´ p¡ sft´ "kq¸À B\na ' B

Im¯ Xv? cm{Xnbn ImWm³ Ignbp¶ aq§bpw AÄ {Smh

beäv civanIÄ ImWm³ Ignbp¶ tX\o¨bpatà a\pjy

s\¡ mÄ B t]cn\v AÀlX t\SpI?

Ahs³ d ImXpIfmtWm? F¦n a\pjy\v tIÄ

¡ m³ km[n¡ m¯ {X DbÀ¶ Bhr¯ nbnepÅ (20000þ

100,000Hz) i_vZhoNnIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡ m\pw Ah {]Xn_\v

[§fn X«n {]Xn^en¡ pt¼ mÄ {]Xn[z\n ]nSns¨Sp¡ p

hm\pw Ignbp¶ hÆmepIsfbtà B t]cv hnfnt¡ ­Xv?

Ahs³ d \mkmc\v{[§fmtWm? F¦n a\pjys\

¡ mÄ aWw ]nSn¡ phm\pw aW§Ä Xncn¨dnbphm\pw ssh

ZKv[-yapÅ \mbv¡ fmWtÃm B t]cv hnfn¡ s¸Sm³ AÀ

lcmth­Xv?

Ahs³ d ImepIfmtWm? F¦n , a\pjys\¡ mÄ

Dd¨ ImepIfpw thKXbpapÅ Noä̧ penbtà B t]cnÂ

hnfn¡ s¸tS­Xv?

AÃ! CsXm¶paà a\pjys\ "kq¸À B\na ' B

¡ p¶Xv. Ahbh§fpsS BsI¯ pIbà a\pjy³ . AXn

 Ihnª Fs´ ms¡ tbm BWv. Ahs\ arK§fn \n

a\pjy³ Page 12

¶v hyXykvX\m¡ pIbpw DÂ IrjvS\m¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶Xv

Ahbh§fpsS IgnhpIfÃ; asät´ m BWv. F´ mWXv?

Cu- tNm-Zy-¯ n-\v- D-¯ -cw- I-s­-¯ m³ - im-kv-{X-¯ n-\v-

I-gn-bn-Ã.- ]-ZmÀ-°- {]-]-©-am-Wv- im-k-v-{X-¯ n-sâ - ta-Je.- C

{µn-b-§Ä - \ -Ip-¶- A-dn-hm-Wv- A-Xn-sâ - A-kw-kv-Ir-X- h

kv-X-p.-Cu- A-dn-hv- A-]-{K-[n-¨m-Wv- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- \n-K-a-\§

-fpw- k-¦Â -]-§-fpw- kn-² m-´ -§-fp-sa-Ãmw - D-cp-¯ ncn-bp-¶-Xv.C-

{µn-b-§Ä -¡ v- F-¯ n-¸n-Sn-¡ m³ - I-gn-bm-¯ ,- [n-j-W-sb- am-{X

ap-]-tbm-Kn-¨ v- A-]-{K-Xn-¡ m\m-hm-¯ - H-cp- Akv-Xn-Xzw- a-\p-jy-

\p-­v.- A-Xm-Wv- a-\p-jy-s\- a-äp- Po-hn-I-fn - \n-¶v- hy-Xn-cn--à -

\m-¡ p-¶-Xv.- \m-K-cn-I-X-IÄ - kr-jv-Sn-¡ p-hm³ - A-h-s\- ]-cym-]

Xv-\m-¡ p-¶-Xpw- \-£ -{X- bp-² -§-sf- Ip-dn-¨ v- Nn-´ n-¡ p-hm³ - A

-h-\v- I-gn-hv- \Â -Ip-¶-Xpw- Cu- A-kv-Xn-Xz-am-Wv-;-\-·-bn-eq-sS- ap-

t¶-dp-hm-\pw- Xn-·-bneq-sS- A-[-:-]-Xn-¡ p-hm-\pw- a-\p-jy-\v- am

{X-ta I-gn-bq.- Cu- I-gn-hm-Wv- A-h-sâ - hy-Xn-cn-à -X-;- A-h-b-h-

§-fn-te-Xn-sâ -sb-¦n-epw- kw-`m-h-\-b-Ã - C-Xv.-]n-s¶-sb-hn-sS- \n-

¶m-Wv- Cu- I-gn-hv- D-­m-b-Xv.- a-\p-jy-sâ - k-hn-ti-j-am-b- A

kv-Xn-Xzw- F-§-s\-bp-­m-b-Xm-Wv.- C-sX-Ãmw- im-kv-{X-¯ n-sâ - ta-

J-e-¡ v- ]p-d-¯ p-Å - tNm-Zy-am-Wv.- C-¯ -c-w- tNm-Zy-§-sf- im-kv

{X-¯ n-sâ - hcp-Xn-¡ p-Å n-te-¡ v sIm-­p-h-cm-³ - {i-an-¨ -Xm-Wv-

`u-Xn-I- \À-i-\-§Ä -¡ v- kw-`-hn-¨ - sX-äv.- Cu- sX-äv- B-hÀ¯ n-

¡ p¶n-S-t¯ m-fw- A-h-bv-¡ v- a-\p-jy-s\- a-\-Ê n-em-¡ m-\m-hn-Ã.-

Cu- a-\-Ê n-e-m-¡ m-bv-a-bm-Wv- A-¯ -cw- ZÀ-i-\-§-sf- ]-cm-P-b

¯ n-te-¡ v- \-bn-¡ p-¶-Xv.-

a\pjy³ Page 13

c-­v-

a\pjy]cnWmaw

`uXnI ZÀi\§sfÃmw Ahbh§fpsS BsI¯ p

IbmbmWv a\pjys\ I­n«pÅ Xv. AXpXs¶bmWv Ah

bpsS ]cmPb¯ ns³ d apJyImcWw.Poh]cnWmasa¶ B

ib¯ ns³ d ASn¯ dbn \n¶psIm­mWv `uXnI ZmÀi

\nI·mÀ a\pjys\ hniZoIcn¡ phm³ {ian¨ ncn¡ p¶Xv.

t^mkn dn¡ mÀUns³ d AXoh ZpÀ_eamb ]n³ _e¯ n

t·Â ]Sp¯ pbÀ¯ s¸« Hcp A\pam\w am{XamWv Poh]

cnWmaw F¶ Bibw. \nco£ W tbmKyaÃm¯ Dul§

fpsS ASn¯ dbnt·emWv AXv kvYm]n¡ s¸«ncn¡ p¶sX

¶v ]cnWma kn² m´ ¯ ns³ d B[p\nI hIvXm¡ fn {]

apJ\mb kväo^³ þ sPþtKmÄ Uv t]mepw FgpXnbn«p­v.

(New Scientist-December 1986) krjSnIÄ X½ n ssPhimkv

{X]camb Ipsd kmPmXy§fps­¶pw Poh PmXnIÄ ¡ nS

bn Hcp t{iWn \ne\n ¡ p¶psh¶pw, Hcp ]cn[nhsc

t^mkn sXfnhpIÄ hyIvXam¡ p¶ps­¶Xv icnbmWv.

]cnWmaw AXns³ d ImcWw hniZoIcn¡ phm³ th­n ap

t¶m«p sh¡ s¸« Hcp Bibw am{XamWv. Cu Bib¯ n

\v ]Icw asämcp Bibw apt¶m«p sh¡ s¸Smw.AXn\v Iq

SpXÂ sXfnhpIfp² cn¡ s¸Smw. "XÀ¡ imkv{X]camb hn

Pb'amWv ]cnWmahmZ¯ n\v imkv{XtemI¯ v {]XnjvT t\

Sns¡ mSp¯ Xv. B {]Xo£ ¡ v Hcn¡ epw kvYmbo`mhw A

hImis¸Sm³ IgnbnÃ. XÀ¡ imkv{X]cambn Hcn¡ epw

tNmZyw sN¿ s¸SmXncp¶ ]eXpw C¶v imkv{XtemI¯ n

se NhdpIÄ am{XamsWt¶mÀ¡ pI.

a\pjy³ Page 14

"H¶panÃmsX P\n¡ pIbpw ]eXpw t\Sns¡ m­v acn

¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶ PohnbmWv a\pjy³ ; aäv PohnIsfÃmw

]eXpap­mbns¡ m­v P\n¡ pIbpw ]pXpXmbn H¶pw t\

SmsX acn¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶hbmWv' F¶v km[mcWbmbn

]dbs¸Smdp­v. F´ pam{Xw AÀYh¯ mWo samgn. FÃm

PohnIfpw P\n¡ p¶Xv Ahbv-¡ mhiyamb FÃmhn[ Adn

hpItfmSpw IgnhpItfmSpw IqSnbmWv. F¶m , a\pjy³

P\n¡ p¶Xv H¶panÃm¯ h\mbns¡ m­mWv. ]t£ ,Ah³

{]IrXnbn \n¶pw Xs³ d Npäp]mSpIfn \n¶pw ]eXpw ]

Tn¡ pIbpw t\SnsbSp¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶p.

PohnIfpsS P·hmk\ (Instinct) \s½ sbÃmw AXv`p

Xs¸Sp¯ m³ t]m¶XmWv.\qäm­pIfpsS hnPvRm\ hn\na

b¯ neqsS a\pjy³ t\SnsbSp¯ IgnhpIfn ]eXpw Po

hnIÄ ¡ v P·\-m e`n¨ n«ps­¶XmWv hkvXpX.

Im«nse F©n\obÀ F¶v hnfn¡ s¸Sp¶ _ohdns\

t\m¡ pI. icmicn Hcp aoäÀ \ofhpw ]Xnt\gv Intem{Kmw

Xq¡ hpapÅ _ohdns\ bqtdm]y³ h\§fnepw hSs¡ A

tacn¡ bnse Nne ImSpIfnepamWv km[mcW I­phcp¶

Xv.hfscb[nIw h®apÅ ac§Ä Xs³ d Dfn¸ÃpIÄ sIm

­v ImÀ¶papdn¨ v XÅ nbn«tijw sNdpXmbn apdn¨ v Acp

hnbnse Pe¯ nen«v Hgp¡ n\\pIqeambn Xmtgm«v X\n¡ v

hoSp­m¡ m³ \nivNbn¡ s¸« kvYet¯ ¡ v _ohÀ sIm

­p t]mIp¶p. Ah IÃpw Nfnbpap]tbmKn¨ v shÅ ¯ nÂ

Xmgv¯ nsh¨p sIm­v AXn¶mhiyamb Dbc¯ nte¡ v P

ehnXm\w DbÀ¯ pIbpw AXv AWsI«n \nÀ¯ pIbpw sN

¿ p¶p. Cu AWs¡ «n\I¯ v ac¨ nÃIÄ Nfn Iq«n H«n¨ p

sIm­mWv Nnc« Iangv¯ nsh¨ BIrXnbnepÅ Xs³ d `

a\pjy³ Page 15

h\w _ohÀ \nÀan¡ p¶Xv.hmbpk©mc¯ n\mbn IqSns³ d

apIÄ `mKw Xpd¶n«ncn¡ pw. Iq«n \n¶pw shÅ ¯ n\Snbn

te¡ v Xpd¶ Xpc¦¯ neqsS am{Xsa ho«n\It¯ ¡ v {]th

i\ amÀKap­mhpIbpÅ q.B[p\nI a\pjys³ d FbÀ I

­ojWdpIsf t]mepw shÃp¶ coXnbnemWs{X _ohdn

s³ d IqSn\pÅ nse FbÀ I­oj\nwKv kwhn[m\w. CsXm

¶pw _ohdn\v Bcpw ]Tn¸n¨ psImSp¯ XÃ; P·kn² amb

t_m[w am{Xw.

\aps¡ Ãmw ]cnNbapÅ tX\o¨I-fpw- ]mÀ¸nS \nÀam

W cwKs¯ AXnImb·mcmWv. kz´ w NndIpIÄ ¡ v CSbn

 \n¶v \nÀKfn¡ p¶ sagpIp]tbmKn¨ v IrXyamb Bdp

tImWpIfpÅ AdItfmSpIqSnb IqSp­m¡ p¶ sXmgnemfn

tX\o¨¡ v AXns³ d \nÀamWs¯ ¸än Bcpw ]dª p sIm

Sp¯ n«nÃ.PymanXob IWniXtbmsSbpw H«pw sagpIv A[n

Is¨ehv hcmsXbpw \nÀan¡ s¸Sp¶ tX\o¨¡ qSpIÄ F

©n\obÀamsc AXv`pXs¸Sp¯ p¶p. tX\o¨bpsS ss\kÀ

KnIPvRm\w am{XamWv CXn\v ]n¶nse iIvXn.

Bc (Eel) aXvky¯ ns³ d kap{Z bm{X P´ pimkv

{XPvR·msc C¶pw AXv`pXs¸Sp¯ p¶p. s_ÀapUbpsS

sX¡ p Ing¡ v 950 IntemaoäÀ amdn kÀKmtkm ISen sh

¨mWv BcepIÄ ]p\cp ]mZ\w \S¯ p¶Xv.bqtdm]y³ k

ap{Z§fn hkn¡ p¶ BcepIÄ X§fpsS {]P\\ Ime

sa¯ nbm icmicn \membncw IntemaoäÀ k©cn¨ v kÀ

Kmtkm ISense¯ p¶p. kÀKmtkmbpsS AKm[XIfnÂ

sN¶v e£ ¡ W¡ n\v ap«Ifn« tijw Cu BcepIÄ A

hnsS¯ s¶ PohnXahkm\n¸n¡ p¶p. Cu ap«Ifn \n¶v hn

cnbp¶ Bc ¡ pª p§Ä A½ h¶hgn apgph³ Xm­n

a\pjy³ Page 16

bqtdm]y³ kap{Z§fn FhnsS \n¶mtWm A½ bm{X

Xncn¨Xv AhnsS¯ s¶ IrXyambn F¯ nt¨cp¶p. Fs´ m

cXv`pXw! Bcpw hgn ImWn¡ m\nÃmsX Bbnc¡ W¡ n\v In

temaoäÀ Xm­n IrXykvYes¯ ¯ nt¨cpI. AXpw aps¼ m

cn¡ epw t]mbn«nÃm¯ hgnIfneqsS F§s\bnXv km[n

¡ p¶p? BcepIfpsS ss\kÀKnI Ignhp sIm­p Xs¶.

tZimS\¸£ nIfpsS bm{Xsb¸än AXv`pXw Iqdp¶

I®pItfmsSbÃmsX \ap¡ v tI«ncn¡ m³ IgnbnÃ.Gähpw

ZoÀLamb tZimS\w \S¯ p¶ BÀSnIvtS¬,ssiXy Ime

¯ v BÀSn¡ n \n¶v ]pds¸«v ]Xnt\gmbncw IntemaoäÀ

]d¶v th\emIpt¼ mtg¡ v A³ dmÀ«n¡ nse¯ nt¨cp¶p.A

hnsS AÂ ] Znhkw X§nbtijw Xm³ h¶ AtX hgn

bneqsS Xs¶ ]pds¸«v IrXykvYe¯ v Xncns¨¯ p¶p. B

cmWnhbv¡ v hgn ImWn¨psImSp¡ p¶Xv? P·hmk\ am{Xw!

Nne {]tXyIXcw \r¯ §fneqsS X§f-psS Iq«mfn

IÄ ¡ v ]q¡ fpÅ kvYes¯ ¡ pdn¨ v hyIvXamb Adnhv \

 Ip¶hcmWv tX\o¨IÄ .\mÀkn³ , tSm¬]ntUm XpS§n

b aXvkyhÀK§Ä icoc¯ n \n¶v Adp\qdv hm«v hscbp

Å sshZypXn DÂ ]mZn¸n¡ p¶hbmWv.Npäp]mSnse Xm]\n

ebnepÅ hyXnbm\§Ä a\Ê -nem¡ phm³ "C³ {^msdUv

kzoIcWn'IÄ D]tbmKn¡ p¶hcmWv "t{Imt«mentU¡ v,

s_bvtU¡ v' F¶o IpSpw_§fn s]« ]m¼ pIÄ . Xs³ d

]n¶n hcp¶hÀ¡ v hgnIm«m\mbn s^-tdmtamWpIÄ F

¶ cmkktµiw DÂ ]mZn¸n¡ p¶hcmWv Ddp¼ pIÄ . acp`q

anbn Pohn¡ m\mhiyamb FÃm A\pIqe\§fpw H«I

¯ n\p­v. an¶man\p§pIÄ , GItImi Pohnbmb t\mIvSn

eq¡ , Nnebn\w aXvky§Ä F¶nhbv¡ v icoc¯ nse Nn

a\pjy³ Page 17

e cmk{]hÀ¯ \§Ä hgn {]Imiw {]kcn¸n¡ phm\pÅ

Ignhp­v. kqcys\ Bkv]Zam¡ n icnbmb Zni a\Ê nem

¡ m³ km[n¡ p¶hbmWv cmPR­pIÄ (King Grabs).FÃmw

ss\kÀKnIamb IgnhpIÄ .

C\n \mw Nn´ n¡ pI, Hmtcm Pohnbpw Ah¡ mhiy

amb FÃmhn[ IgnhpItfmsSbpamWv P\n¡ p¶Xv. _ohdn

\v F©n\obdnwKntem tX\o¨¡ v PymanXntem Bc aXv

ky§Ä ¡ v kap{Zm´ camÀK hnPvRm\obtam BÀSnIvtS

Wn\v BImihgnItfm tSmÀ]ntUm aXvky¯ n\v hnZypXvhn

PvRm\obtam t{Imt«mUnte¡ v ]m¼ n\v Xm]`uXnItam an

¶man\p§pIÄ ¡ v {]ImickX{´ tam cmPR­pIÄ ¡ v Zn

im hnPvRm\obtam Bcpw ]Tn¸n¨ psImSp¯ n«nÃ. Chsb

Ãmw Ahbv¡ v P·\m e`n¡ p¶ IgnhpIÄ am{Xw!

F¶m a\pjys³ d kvYnXntbm? C¯ cw bmsXmcp

P·hmk\hpw Ah\nÃ. Ahs³ d ImepIÄ ¡ v apbent\m

sSm¸w HmSnsb¯ m\pÅ Ignhv t]mepanÃ.Ahs³ d ssII

Ä ¡ v `mcw hln¡ p¶ Imcy¯ n B\bpsS Xp¼ nss¡

tb¡ mÄ Xptemw iIvXn IpdhmWv. i{Xp¡ fn \n¶v c£

s¸Sm\mhiyamb Basbt¸mepÅ icoc IhN§Ä Ah

\nÃ. XWp¯ ImemhkvYbn kzicocs¯ kwc£ n¡ p

hm³ {[ph¡ cSnbptSXp t]mepÅ tcma§Ä Ah\v \ I

s¸«n«nÃ. tX\o¨bptSXpt]mepÅ I®pItfm hÆment³ d

Xp t]mepÅ ImXpItfm \mbbptSXv t]mepÅ \mk-mc\v

{[§tfm Ah¶nÃ.BImi¯ neqsS ]d¡ m\mhiyamb Nn

dIpItfm kap-{Z¯ n DufnbnSm\pw \o´ n¯ pSn¡ phm\pw

Bhiyamb sNInfItfm NndIpItfm H¶pw Ah¶v \Â

Is¸«n«nÃ.knwl¯ nt³ dXp t]mepÅ amwkt]inItfm ]p

a\pjy³ Page 18

enbptSXpt]mepÅ \J§tfm Ah\nÃ. _ohdns\t¸mse

tbm tX\o¨sbt¸msetbm ]mÀ¸nSap­m¡ phm\pÅ P·

hmk\ a\pjy\nÃ. BÀSnIvtSWns\t¸mse hgn I­p]nSn

¡ phm\pÅ Ignhv P·\m Ah\v \ Is¸«n«nÃ. tSmÀ]n

tUm aXvkys¯ t¸ -mse icoc¯ n \n¶v sshZypXn DÂ

]mZn¸n¡ m\h¶v IgnbnÃ. F´ n\[nIw, shÅ ¯ n hoWm

 \o´ n c£ s¸Sm\pÅ Ignhp t]mepw P·\m a\pjy\v

e`n¡ p¶nÃ, AÃmlp ]dª sX{X icn!

""\n§fpsS amXm¡ fpsS DZc§fn \n¶v \n§Ä

¡ v bmsXm¶pw Adnª pIqSm¯ AhkvYbn AÃmlp

\n§sf ]pd¯ psIm­ph¶p''(16:78). ss\kÀKnIambn Im

cyamb imcocnI IgnhpIsfm¶pw a\pjy\v AÃmlp \Â

Inbn«nsöÀYw.

ss\kÀKnIambn Imcyamb imcocnI IgnhpIsfm

¶panÃmsX P\n¡ p¶ `qanbnse Jeo^¡ v ]t£ , Cu Ign

hpIfnseÃmw aäv arK§sf tXm ]n¡ phm³ t]m¶ hnZy

k¼ mZn¡ phm\mIpw. {[ph¡ cSnbpsS sXmensb shÃp¶

tcma¡ p¸mb§fp­m¡ phm\pw apbens\ tXm ]n¡ p¶

hml\§Ä \nÀan¡ phm\pw th­ Adnhv t\SnsbSp¡ m³

a\pjy\v km[n¡ pw. _ohdns\¡ mÄ `wKnbmbn ]mÀ¸nSap

­m¡ phm\pw tX\o¨sb¡ mÄ kpµcambn Bib hn\na

bw \S¯ phm\papÅ hnZy k¼ mZn¡ m³ Ah\v Ignbpw.

]pensb tXm ]n¡ p¶ tXm¡ pIfpw IgpIs\ shÃp¶ hn

am\§fpw tSmÀ]ntUmsb¡ mÄ iIvXamb sshZypXnbpw

sSekvtIm¸pw ssat{ImkvtIm¸pw tkmWm {Km^pw Unsä

IvSdpsaÃmw \nÀan¡ phm\mhiyamb hnPvRm\w t\Sphm³

Ah\v Ignbpw.Cu hnZyIsfm¶pw a\pjy\v ]mc¼ cyambn

a\pjy³ Page 19

e`n¡ p¶XÃ. Hcp F©n\obdpsS aIs\ Im«n -sIm­p

t]mbn«m Ah³ Im«pa\pjy\mbn am{Xsa hfcq. Ah³

Im«n kpµcamb Hcp FbÀI­oj³ Uv dqan\pÅ ¹m\p

­m¡ n AXv \nÀan¡ pIbnÃ. {]Ir-Xnbn \n¶pw ]qÀhn-I

cn \n¶pw t\SnsbSp¯ hnPvRm\§fmWv a-\p-jy- Ignhp

IfpsSsbÃmw \nZm\w.

Poh]cnWma¯ ns³ d ASn¯ dbn \n¶psIm­v am

{Xw a\pjys³ d IgnhpIsfsbm¶pw hniZoIcn¡ pI km

[yaÃ. ]cnkvYnXnbpambn s]mcp¯ s¸Sm\mbn PohnIÄ

t\SnsbSp¯ n«pÅ A\pIqe\§Ä ]cnWmaw hgn A\´ c

XeapdIfnte¡ v kw{Ian¡ p¶psh¶mWtÃm ]cnWma kn

² m´ w ]dbp¶Xv. CXns³ d ASnkvYm\¯ n ss\kÀKn

Iamb IgnhpIÄ Gähpa[nIw D­mth­Xv a\pjy\mWv.

]cnWma N{I¯ nse Gähpw ]ptcmKan¨ Pohnsb¶v hn

tijn¸n¡ s¸Sp¶ a\pjy\v {[ph¡ cSnsb¡ mÄ \Ã sXm

enbpw ]cp´ ns\¡ mÄ \Ã NndIpw _ohdns\¡ mÄ \¶m

bn ]mÀ¸nSap­m¡ phm\pÅ P· hmk\bpw D­mth­

Xmbncp¶p.Imem-hkvYbv¡ \pkcn¨ v {]IrXnbn Pohn¡ p

hm\mhiyamb A\pIqe\§Ä F§s\bmWv a\pjy\n

se¯ nbt¸mÄ \jvSs¸«pt]mbsX¶ {]iv\¯ n\v Xr]vXn

Icamb D¯ cw \Â Iphm³ ]cnWmahmZnIÄ ¡ v Ignª n

«nÃ. ]cnWmahmZnIfn {]KXv`\mb tKmÀU³ ssN Uv

FgpXp¶Xv t\m¡ pI. "Bt]£ nIambn tamiamb Xs³ d

imcocnI hn`h§Ä ¡ v ]Icw \jvS]cnlmcsat¶mWw a

\pjy\v e`n¨ n«pÅ Xv hn]pehpw kq£ vaarZpehpamb Hcp

\mUo]Se¯ ns³ d tI{µambn hepXpw k¦oÀW-hpamb H

cp Xet¨mdmWv' (Gordon childe: Man makes himself, P. 35) akvXn

a\pjy³ Page 20

jvIw hfÀ¶t¸mÄ aäv IgnhpIsfÃmw sImgnª p t]mbn

F¶ XnI¨pw hnNn{Xamb Hcp hmZamWv CÆ njbIambn ]

cnWmahmZnIÄ ¡ v AhXcn¸n¡ phm\pÅ sX¶v kmcw.sIm

gn¨ nen\v sXfnhmbn AhXcn¸n¡ m³ ]änb t^mkn dn

¡ mÀUpItfm {`qW imkv{X sXfnhpItfm apt¶m«p sh

¡ phm³ CXphsc ]cnWmahmZnIÄ ¡ v Ignª n«nÃ.

imcocnI IgnhpIfn arK§sf¡ mÄ ]nt¶m¡ w \n

 ¡ p¶ a\pjys\ Xs¶¡ mÄ F{Xtbm aS§v iIvXnbp

Å arK§sft¸mepw hcpXnbn \nÀ¯ phm³ Ignbpamdm

¡ p¶ iIvXnbmWv _p² n. apIfn ]dª Xpw ]dbm¯

Xpamb IgnhpIsfÃmw t\SnsbSp¡ phm³ a\pjys\ ]cym

]vX\m¡ nbXv Ahs³ d _p² niIvXnbmWv. Cu _p² n iIv

Xn Poh]cnWma¯ ns³ d GXv L«¯ nemWv a\pjy\v Ic

KXambsX¶ {]iv\¯ n\pw ]cnWmahmZnIfpsS ]¡ Â hy

IvXamb D¯ canÃ. "XmcXtay\ `mctadnb akvXnjvIhpw

{Xnam\ hkvXp¡ Ä ImWm³ Ignbp¶ I®pIfpw kuI

cymÀYw Nen¸n¡ phm³ Ignbp¶ ssIIfpamWv a\pjys\

_p² n Pohnbm¡ n amäp¶sX'¶mWv (Stephen jay gould; ever

since darwin) B[p\nI ]cnWmahmZnIfn A{KKWy\mb

kväo^³ sP. tKmÄ Uv ]dbp¶Xv. amÀIvkns³ d kl{]h

À¯ I\mb GwK kns³ d A`n{]mb¯ n "Ipc§n \n

¶v a\pjy\nte¡ pÅ \nÀWmbIamb NphSv ssI kzX{´

amhpIbpw AXp sIm­v A[zm\n¡ m³ Bcw`n¡ pIbpw

sNbvXXmWv. (GwK kv: Ipc§n \n¶v a\pjy\nte¡ p

Å ]cnhÀ¯ \¯ n A[zm\¯ n\pÅ ]¦v) CsXm¶pw {]

iv\¯ ns³ d aÀa¯ n\pÅ D¯ camIp¶nÃ. "akvXnjvIw'

F¶ A\pIqe\w t\SnsbSp¡ m³ a\pjys\ ]cym]vXam

a\pjy³ Page 21

¡ nbXv GXpcq]¯ nepÅ ]mcnkvYnXnI LSIamsW¶v ]

dbphm³ ]cnWmahmZnIÄ s¡ m¶pw Ignbp¶nÃ. a\pjy

t³ dsX¶v ]dbs¸Sp¶ ]qÀhnI\n C¯ cw ssPhamä§

fp­m¡ phm³ ]cym]vXamb D ]cnhÀ¯ \¯ n\v(Mutation)

]n¶n {]hÀ¯ n¨ D t{]cI (Catalyst) sa´ mbncp¶psh

¶mWv ]cnWmahmZnIÄ hyIvXamt¡ ­Xv. ]t£ , AhÀ

¡ nXn\v Ignbp¶nsöXmWv hmkvXhw.

a\pjys³ d am{Xw kz`mh khntijXbmb ]tcm]

ImtcNvO¡ pw XymK¯ n\pw aäpw hniZoIcWw \Â Ip¶

Xn `uXnI imkv{X§Ä apgph³ ]cmPbs¸«ncn¡ pIbm

Wv. a\pjys³ d Zbmhmbv]pw, kzPoh³ t]mepw aäpÅ hÀ

¡ mbn XyPn¡ m\pÅ k¶² Xbpw ]cnWmahmZ¯ ns³ d hn

iZoIcW¯ n\v hg§p¶XÃ. {]IrXn \nÀ² mcW kn² m

´ {]Imcw XnI¨pw kzmÀY Xm ]cy§Ä ¡ mbn {ian¡ p

¶ PohPmXnIÄ ¡ mWv \ne\n ¡ m³ IqSpX IgnbpI.

kz´ w \· am{XamWv AhbpsS e£ yw. Cu e£ yamWv A

hbpsS \ne\n ]n\v B[mchpw. kz´ w Po\pIfpsS {]Xn

\n[nIsf hÀ[n¸n¡ p¶Xn\mbn Ah kZm t]mcmSns¡ m­n

cn¡ p¶p.\ne\n ]n\v th­nbpÅ kacw(struggle for existence)

F¶ UmÀhn\nb³ kmt¦XnI i_vZw sIm­v hnh£ n¡ p

¶Xv Cu t]mcm«amWv. hyIvXnKX t\«§Ä am{XamWv {]

IrXnbnse ]nSn¨ p \n ]n\pÅ am\ZWvUsa¶v UmÀhn³

hmZn¡ p¶p.At¸mÄ ]ns¶sb§s\bmWv P´ p¡ fn \n

¶v ]cnWan¨p­mb a\pjy\n kzmÀYXbÃmsX asämcp

kz`mhw hfÀ¶p hnIkn¡ p¶Xv? Zb, ]tcm]Imc Imw£ ,

XymK a\xkvYnXn F¶nh aäp arK§fptSXnt\¡ mÄ Xp

temw IpdhmtI­ PohnbmWv UmÀhn\nb³ ]cnWmahmZ

a\pjy³ Page 22

{]Imcw a\pjy³ . kzmÀYX¡ p am{XamWtÃm \ne\n ¡ m

\pÅ AhImiw t\SnsbSp¡ m³ IgnbpI.F¶m , \ap¡

dnbmw, am\knIambn hfÀ¶v amemJamsct¸mse ]cnip²

cmIm\pw,XfÀ¶v arK§tf¡ mÄ A[x]Xn¡ m\pw km[yX

bpÅ Htcsbmcp PohnbmWv a\pjys\¶v.

a\pjys³ d Zbbpw IcpWbpsam¶pw Poh imkv{X

¯ ns³ d `mjbn hniZoIcn¡ m³ CXx]cy´ w {ia§

sfm¶pw \S¶nsöv CXn¶ÀYanÃ. {ia§Ä \S¶n«p­v.C

¶pw \S¶psIm­ncn¡ p¶p. AXn Gähpw ]pXnbXmWv,

]cnWma hmZ¯ ns³ d {]apJ hIvXmhmb kväo^³ tPþtKm

Ä Uns³ d "UmÀhn\p tijw'* F¶ ]pkvXI¯ n AhX

cn¸n¨ ncn¡ p¶Xv. UmÀhns³ d ]cnWmahmZ¯ n\v hg§m¯

Zb, IcpW, XymKw, ]tcm]ImtcNvO XpS§nb aqey§Ä

¡ v ]cnWmahmZ¯ n\I¯ p \n¶psIm­p Xs¶ hniZoIc

Ww \ Im³ {ian¡ p¶ tKmÄ Uv, {]kvXpX {ia¯ n Z

b\obambn ]cmPbs¸Sp¶Xv {]kvXpX ]pkvXIw HcmhÀ

¯ n hmbn¡ p¶hÀ¡ v ImWm³ Ignbpw. {]Xy£ ¯ n ]

tcm]ImtcNvObmbn a\Ê nem¡ s¸Sp¶ {]hÀ¯ \§Ä ,

Poh imkv{X]cambn, Xs³ d hÀK¯ nepÅ Po\pIsf hÀ

[n¸n¡ phm³ th­nbpÅ kzmÀYXbmsW¶mWv tKmÄ Uv

\ Ip¶ hniZoIcWw.{]]©¯ nse kulrZ§fnepw k

lIcW§fnepsaÃmw kwL«\w ZÀin¨ amÀIvknb³ ssh

cp² y`mhs¯ bpw amXrþ]p{X _\v[¯ n t]mepw ssew

KnI aqÀNvO Is­¯ nb t{^mbnUnb³ a\ximkv{X kn

² m´ s¯ bpw t]mse Zbbnepw IcpWbnepw ]tcm]Imtc

NvObnepsaÃmw kzmÀYX ZÀin¡ pIbmWv kväo^³ sP.

tKmÄ Uv sN¿ p¶Xv. At±l¯ ns³ d hniZoIcWw GXm

a\pjy³ Page 23

­n§s\bmWv. "HcmÄ ¡ pw AbmfpsS ktlmZc\pw B

sI Po\pIfpsS ]IpXn s]mXphmbn ImWm³ km[yXbp

­v. AYhm, \n§fpsS Hcp Po³ \n§fpsS ktlmZc\nÂ

ImWm\pÅ km[yX 1/2 BWv. \n§Ä \n§fpsS aq¶p k

tlmZc§tfmsSm¸w bm{X sN¿ p¶p, Hcp cm£ k³ \n§

sfsbÃmw sImÃm\mbn ]mª Sp¡ p¶Xv \n§Ä am{Xw Im

Wp¶p. \n§Ä ¡ v c­p amÀK§Ä kzoIcn¡ mw. H¶v, Ae

dn hnfn¨ v ktlmZc§Ä ¡ v ap¶dnbn¸ v \ Ins¡ m­v cm£

ks³ d t\sc sN¶v, cm£ k³ \n§sf Xn¶p¶ kabw

sIm­v ktlmZc§sf c£ s¸Sm\\phZn¡ pI. c­v, \n§

Ä thKw HmSnsbmfn¨ v \n§fpsS ktlmZc§sf cm£ k

³ Xn¶p¶Xv ImWpI. CXn H¶mas¯ amÀKamWv \n§

Ä kzoIcn¡ pI. ImcWw, \n§fpsS aq¶p ktlmZc§Ä

\n§fpsS Po\pIfnse H¶c `mKs¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡ p¶p

­v. kz´ w Po\pIsf 100 iXam\w {]Ncn¸n¡ m³ \n§Ä

Pohn¨ ncn¡ p¶Xnepw \ÃXv 150 iXam\w {]Ncn¸n¡ m³ I

gnbp¶ aq¶v ktlmZc§Ä Pohn¨ ncn¡ pIbmWv. A§s\,

{]Xy£ ambn ]tcm]Imcamb \n§fpsS {]hr¯ n Pohim

kv{X ]camb kzmÀYXbmWv.'' C¯ c¯ nepÅ P\nXI kzm

ÀYX¡ v H«\h[n DZmlcW§Ä tX\o¨bn \n¶pw aäpam

bn tKmÄ Uv D² cn¡ p¶p­v.

XymK¯ ns³ d "P\nXI kzmÀYXm hniZoIcWw' sh

dpw hniZoIcW¯ n\pth­nbpÅ hniZoIcWamsW¶v a

\Ê nem¡ m³ Gsd {]bmkanÃ. GsX¦nepw Xm ]cy§Ä

¡ p th­n Xs³ d ktlmZco ktlmZc·msc,apgph³ sIm

s¶mSp¡ p¶ "bYmÀY kzmÀYX'¡ v F§s\bmWv Cu P

\nXI hniZoIWw ]mIamIpIsb¶dnbm³ IuXpIap­v.

a\pjy³ Page 24

]t£ , tKmÄ Uv ]pkvXI¯ n B `mKwþa\pjys³ d arKo

b `mh§sf¡ pdn¨ hniZoIcWwþ Xosc hn«p Ifª ncn¡ p

IbmWv. Xm\nNvOn¡ p¶ s]®ns\ t\SnsbSp¡ m³ th­n

kzktlmZc§fbpw amXm ]nXm¡ sfbpw sh«n\pdp¡ m³

Xbmdmb aIs\ \ap¡ dnbmw. AbmÄ sNbvXXv kz´ w Po

\pIsf 250 iXam\w {]Ncn¸n¡ phm\pÅ km[yXsb \in

¸n¡ pIbpw \qdp iXam\w {]Ncn¸n¡ m\pÅ km[yXsb \n

e \nÀ¯ pIbpamWv. kz´ w Poh³ shSnª pw asämcmsfþ

XoÀ¯ pw A\y\mb Hcp¯ s\þc£ n¡ m³ ]ecpw \S¯ nb

[ocIrXy§Ä ¡ pÅ P\nXI hniZoIcWsa´ mWv? \mSn

s³ d kzmX{´ y¯ n\pw BZÀi¯ ns³ d \ne\n ]n\p th

­n kacw sNbvXv acn¨ , acn¨psIm­ncn¡ p¶ Bbnc§fp

sS XymK¯ n\v F´ pXcw P\nXI hniZoIcWamWv \Â Ip

I? aqey§fpsS D ]¯ nbn Hcp ssZhnIamb t{kmXÊ v

I ]n¡ p¶Xn \n¶v c£ s¸Sm³ tKmÄ Uv \S¯ p¶ {iaw,

AXy´ w timN\obamb hn[¯ n A´ yizmkw hen¡ p

¶ ImgvNbmWv \m-anhnsS ImWp¶Xv.

a-\p-jyâ - A-h-b-h-§Ä - F-§-s\-bm-Wv- ]-cn-W-an-¨ p

­m-b-sX-¶v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡ p-hm-\m-Wv- ]-cn-Wm-a-hm-Zw- ]-cn-{i-an

¡ p-¶Xv.- ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp- hn-Ú m-\o-b-¯ n-sâ -bpw- {`q-W-im-kv{X-

¯ n-sâ -bpw- P-\-nXnI- imkv-{X-¯ n-sâ -bp-sa-Ãmw- A-Sn-¯ -d-bn

 - \n-¶p-sIm-­v- \m-ep- Im-en - \-S-¶n-cp-¶- a-\p-jy³ - F-§-

s\-bm-Wv- C-cp-Im-en-bm-bn- XoÀ-¶-sX-¶v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡ m³ - ]-cn-

Wm-a-hm-Zn-IÄ -¡ v- I-gn-bp-¶n-Ã. h-f-sc- ZpÀ-_-e-am-b- sX-fn-hp-IÄ -

am-{X-am-Wv- ]-cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- ]-¡ -ep-Å -Xv.- A-h-b-h-§-fn -

\n-¶v- kz-X-{´ -am-b- Ak-v-Xn-Xzw- a-\p-jy-\p-s­-¶v- k-½ -Xn-¡ m

\p-Å - ssh-a-\-kyw- Im-c-W-am-Wv- a-\p-jym-Ø n-Xz-¯ n-sâ - am{Xw-

a\pjy³ Page 25

k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sf- P-\n-XnI-am-bn- hy-Jym-\n-¡ p-hm³ - ]-cn-Wm-a-

hm-Zn-IÄ - a-pXn-cp-¶-Xv.- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]-cn-{i-a-§-fm-I-s«- Xn-I-ª -

]-cm-P-b-¯ n - I-em-in-¡ p-¶- Im-gv-N-bm-I-Wv- Po-h-im-kv-{X- tem

-I-hpw- ZmÀ-i-\n-I- tem-I-hpw- C-¶v- I-­p-sIm-­n-cn-¡ p-¶-Xv-.-

aq-¶v-

a\pjy³ JpÀB\nÂ

`uXnI {]Xybimkv{X§fn \n¶v hfsc hyXykv

Xamb Hcp ho£ WamWv a\pjymkvXnXzs¯ ¡ pdn¨ v Ckv

eman\pÅ Xv. a\pjykrjvSn¡ pap¼ v AÃmlp ae-¡ p-I-tfmSv-

]dª Xmbn JpÀB³ D² cn¡ p¶ hcnIÄ {it² bamWv.

""Rm\nXm `qanbn Hcp Jeo^sb \ntbmKn¡ phm

³ t]mIpIbmsW¶v \ns³ d \mY³ ae¡ pItfmSv ]dª

kµÀ`w'-' (2:30).

"Jeo^'sb¶ ]Z¯ n\v ]n³ Kman, ]Icw \n ¡ p¶

h³ , {]Xn\n[n XpS§nb AÀY§-fp­v. ChnsS Cu ]Zw {]

tbmKn¨ ncn¡ -p¶Xv hfsc hnimeamb AÀY¯ nemsW¶m

Wv a\Ê -nemhp¶Xv. "kzX{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXzapÅ

krjvSn' F¶ BibamWv ChnsS hnh£ n¡ s¸«ncn¡ -p¶

sX-¶v- {]-m-am-Wn-I-cm-b- JpÀ-B³ - hym-Jym-Xm-¡ Ä - hy-I-vX-am

¡ n-bn-«p-­v-. `qanbn "Jeo^'sb \nivNbn¡ phm³ t]mIp

¶psh¶v ]dª t¸mtg¡ v ae¡ pIÄ {]XnIcn¨Xv "Ipg¸

ap­m¡ pIbpw cIvXw Nn´ pIbpw sN¿ p¶hscbmtWm \o

AhnsS \nivNbn¡ p¶Xv' F¶mbncp¶psh¶ Imcyw {]

tXyIw {i² n¡ pI. "Jeo^' sb¶m "cIvXw Nn´ p¶h³ '

a\pjy³ Page 26

F¶v AÀYanÃ. ]ns¶ F´ p sIm­mWv ae¡ pIÄ A§

s\ ]dª Xv? CXn \n¶v "Jeo^'sb¶ ]Zw a\pjycpsS

kzX{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXzs¯ Ipdn¡ p¶psh¶v a\Ê n

em¡ mhp¶XmWv. Gsd km[yXIfpw _m[yXIfpapÅ kz

X{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXzsa¶ D¯ chmZn¯ ¯ ns³ d \o

Xn ]qÀh-Iamb \nÀhlW¯ n a\pjy³ Dt]£ hcp¯ p

hm\pw AXpaqew `qan Iem] IepjnXamIphm\papÅ km

[yXsb¸änbmhWw ae¡ pIÄ Bi¦ {]ISn¸n¨Xv. F¶m

 a\pjymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d krjvSn]camb km[yXIsf kq

Nn¸n¨ psIm­v AÃmlp ]dbp¶ adp]Sn "\n§Ä ¡ dnª p

IqSm¯ Xv F\n¡ dnbmw' (2:30) F¶mWv.

`qanbnse Jeo^bmWv a\pjy³ . kzX{´ amb ssI

ImcyIÀX-rXzhpw A[oim[nImc§fpapÅ `qanbnse GI

Pohn. {]]©s¯ D]tbmKn¡ phm\pw {]IrXnsb kzm[o\n

¡ phm\pw IgnhpÅ Htcsbmcp krjvSn. AXmWv JpÀB\n

I ho£ W¯ nse a\pjy³ . `qapJ¯ v a\pjy\pÅ kIe

kvYm\§sfbpw tZymXn¸n¡ p¶ ]Zas{X "Jeo^'. "kvYm

\]Xn'-, "]n³ K-man', {]Xn\n[n XpS§nb AÀY§Ä {]kvXp

X ]Z¯ n\ps­¶v ]dª phtÃm. Xs³ d ap³ KmanbpsS ss]

XrItasäSp¯ v \mKcnIXsb ]cnt]mjn¸n¡ phm\pw kzX

{´ amb Hcp ZuXytasäSp¯ v \S¯ phm\pw Xs³ d kaql

s¯ sam¯ ¯ n {]Xn\n[oIcn¡ phm\pw Ignbp¶ GI

PohnbmWv a\pjy³ .

{]IrXnbnse kuIcy§sf D]Pohn¨ v am{Xw \n ¡ m

³ Ignbp¶ a\ptjyXc krjvSnIfn \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXy

kvX\mWv a\pjy³ . Ah¶v \ Is¸« "Jnem^¯ v' D]

tbmKn¨ v {]IrXnsb kzm[o\n¡ phm³ Ah\v km[n¡ pw. a

a\pjy³ Page 27

\pjy³ Ncn{X¯ ns³ d krjvSnbmsW¶ `uXnI ZÀi\§

fpsS ImgvN¸mSpambn JpÀB³ hntbmPn¡ p¶p. JpÀB\n

I ho£ W¯ n , a\pjy³ Ncn{Xw krjvSn¡ p¶ Pohnbm

Wv. {]m]©nI \nba§Ä ¡ \pkcn¨ v am{Xw hÀ¯ n¡ m³

hn[n¡ s¸« Hcp "CcpImen ]ZmÀYw' am{Xambn a\pjys\

ImWp¶ coXntbmSv JpÀB³ tbmPn¡ p¶nÃ. Ncn{Xs¯ ¯

s¶ amänadn¡ m³ Ignbp¶ PohnbmWv a\pjys\¶mWv A

Xns³ d A[ym]\w.

kzX{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXzsa¶ D¯ chmZn¯ w

a\pjy³ kzbw GsäSp¯ XmsW¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n

¡ p¶Xv. BImitKmf§Ä ¡ pw `qan¡ pw ]ÀhX§Ä ¡ pw a

\pjys\mgn¨pÅ PohPme§Ä ¡ psaÃmw AÃmlp \nivN

bn¨ {]IrXn \nba§Ä ¡ v hnt[bambn hÀ¯ n¡ mt\ Ign

bq. {]]© LS\bn Ahbv¡ v hln¡ phm\pÅ ]¦v kz

bw \nÀWbn¡ phm³ Ahbv¡ v IgnbnÃ.F¶m a\pjy³

A§s\bÃ. Hcp ]cn[nhsc {]IrXnbpsS ta B[n]Xyw

t\Sm³ Ah\v kzmX{´ yw \ Is¸«ncn¡ p¶p.kzX{´ amb

IÀa§fneqsS kz´ w `mKt[bw \nÀWbn¡ m³ a\pjy\v

km[n¡ pw.Cu IgnhpIfp]tbmKnt¡ ­Xv F§s\bmsW

¶v Xocpam\nt¡ ­Xpw Ah³ Xs¶. \oXn]qÀhIambn D

]tbmKn¨m kz´ ¯ ns³ dbpw kaql¯ ns³ dbpw ]ptcm

KXn¡ v AXv ImcWamIpw. {]kvXpX kzmX{´ yw Zpcp]tbm

Ks¸Sp¯ pt¼ mgmWv A{Iahpw AcmPIXzhpw A[mÀanIX

bpw hym]n¡ p¶Xv. a\pjys³ d kzX{´ amb ssIImcy IÀ

X-rXz¯ n\pÅ Ignhns³ d Zpcp]tbmKw krjvSn¡ p¶ {]iv

\§fnte¡ pw JpÀB³ hnc Nq­nbn«p­v.

"XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw B D¯ chmZn¯ w (Aam\¯ v) B

a\pjy³ Page 28

Imi§fpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw ]ÀhX§fpsSbpw ap¼ msI

FSp¯ pIm«pIbp­mbn. F¶m AXv GsäSp¡ p¶Xn\v

Ah hnk½ Xn¡ pIbpw AXns\¸än Ahbv¡ v `bw tXm

¶pIbpw sNbvXp. a\pjy³ AXv GsäSp¯ p. XoÀ¨bmbpw

Ah³ ISp¯ A{Ianbpw AhnthInbpambncn¡ p¶p'(33:72).

a\pjy\pw aäv krjvSnIfpw X½ nepÅ ASnkvYm\]

camb A´ cw F{X kpµcambmWv Cu kqIvX¯ n {]Xo

ImXvaIambn AhXcn¸n¡ s¸«ncn¡ p¶Xv. kzX{´ amb ssI

ImcyIÀX-rXzs¯ Hcp D¯ chmZn¯ (Aam\¯ v)ambmWv

Cu kqIvX¯ n hnhcn¨ ncn¡ p¶sX¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw

{it² bamWv. {]kvXpX D¯ chmZn¯ w krjvSn]cambn \n

Àhln¡ s¸Spt¼ mgmWv ]ptcmKXnbp­mhpI; Asæn A

t[mKXnbpw.

"]cnWma hr£ '¯ n Nn¼ m³ knbpsS ap³ Kmanbn

 \n¶v hmev apdnª mWv "a\pjy³ ' F¶ AXv`pXap­m

bsX¶ hmZw Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡ p¶nÃ. AÃmlphns³ d

AXyp IrjvS krjvSnbmbmWv JpÀB³ a\pjys\ Ah

Xcn¸n¡ p¶Xv. Ah³ krjvSn¡ s¸«ncn¡ p¶Xv Ifna®n

s³ d k¯ n \n¶mWv.

""XoÀ¨bmbpw a\pjys\ \mw Ifna®ns³ d k¯ nÂ

\n¶v krjvSn¨ ncn¡ p¶p''(23:12) F¶mWv AÃmlp ]dbp¶

Xv.arK§fn \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXncnIvXamb Hcp AkvXnXz

amWv a\pjy\v \ Is¸«ncn¡ p¶Xv. AXyp IrjvS\mb kr

jvSnbmWh³ .

""XoÀ¨bmbpw a\pjysc \mw Gähpw \à LS\tbm

Sp IqSn krjvSn¨ ncn¡ p¶p''(95:-4)-F¶mWv ]S¨X¼ pcm³ ]

a\pjy³ Page 29

dbp¶Xv. a\pjy³ AÃmlphns³ d {]tXyI krjvSnbmWv.

`qanbnse Jeo^bmWh³ . kzX{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXz

apÅ GI Pohn.

Bte-L\ hnZy

BZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-¡ -s¸« JpÀB³ kqà -§Ä X

s¶ a\p-jym-kvXn-Xzs¯ auen-I-amb Nne-h-kvXp-X-IÄ hy

à am-¡ p-¶p-­v. {]kvXpX kqà -§-fpsS kmcw C§-s\-bm

Wv.

""kr-Pv-Sn-¨ -h-\m-b- \n-sâ - c-£ n-Xm-hn-sâ - \m-a-¯ n - hm-

bn-¡ p-I.- a-\p-jy-s\- A-h³ - {`q-W-¯ n - \n-¶v- kr-jv-Sn-¨ n-cn

¡ p-¶p.- \o- hm-bn-¡ p-I.- \n-sâ - c-£ n-Xm-hv- t]-\- sIm-­v- ]-Tn

¸n-¨ -h-\m-b- G-ä-hpw- h-e-en-b- H-u-Zm-cy-hm-\m-Ip-¶p.- a-\p-jy-\v-

A-dn-bm-¯ -Xv- A-h³ - ]-Tn-¸n-¨ n-cn-¡ p-¶p''- (96:-1þ5.)-

hmbn-¡ p-hm³ IÂ ]n-¨ p- sIm-­mWv Cu hN-\-§-fp

sS XpS¡ w \mK-cn-I-X-IÄ \nÀan-¡ p-hm³ a\p-jyÀ¡ v Ign

ª Xv Adn-bm-hp¶ Bi-b-§Ä Bte-L\w sN¿ m\pw B

te-L\w sN¿ -s¸ -«h hmbn-s¨ -Sp-¡ p-hm-\p-apÅ Ign-hp-Å -Xp-

sIm-­mWv. {]kvXpX Ign-h-S¡ w {]]-©-¯ nse kIe {]

Xn-`m-k-§-sfbpw ]S¨ \mYsâ \ma-¯ n hmbn-¡ p-hm-\m

Wv Iev]-\. Cu \mYs\ ]cn-N-b-s¸ -Sp-¯ p-I-bmWv ]n¶o-Sv.

BcmWv B \mY³ ? a\p-jysc Ae-Jn \n¶v krjvSn-¨

h³ , ]pcp-j-_o-Phpw AWvUhpw IqSn-t¨À¶ tijw KÀ`m

i-b-¯ n ]än-¸n-Sn¨ v hf-cp¶ knà m-WvU-s¯ -bmWv Ae

Jv F¶p ]d-bpI. kkvX-\n-I-fn-seÃmw knà m-WvU-¯ nÂ

\n¶p Xs¶-bmWv Ipª p-­m-hp-¶-Xv. ]nXm-hnsâ _oP-¯ n

sâ bpw amXm-hnsâ AWvU-¯ n-sâ -bp-saÃmw LS-\þt{Imtam-

a\pjy³ Page 30

tkm-ap-I-fpsS F®samgn¨ v þkkvX-\n-I-sfÃmw kam-\-amWv.

Ah- c­pw tNÀ¶p-­m-Ip¶ knà m-WvU-¯ nsâ (A-e-Jv)

LS-\bpw cq]-hp-saÃmw A§-s\-¯ -s¶-bmWv aäp P´ p-¡

sft¸mse Ae-Jn \n¶p Xs¶-bmWv a\p-jysâ krjvSn

¸pw. F¶m krjvSn-bn Xs¶ a\p-jy³ aäp Pohn-I-fnÂ

\n¶v hyXn-cn-à -\m-Wv F¶mWv Ahs\ hyXn-cn-à -\m-¡ p

¶Xv ?

""\o- hm-bn-¡ p-I.- \n-sâ - c-£ n-Xm-hv- t]-\- sIm-­v- ]-Tn

¸n-¨ -h-\m-b- G-ä-hpw- h-e-en-b- H-u-Zm-cy-hm-\m-Ip-¶p.''-- (96-þ3,4)

sh¶mWv knà m-WvU-¯ n \n¶pÅ a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-sb-¸

än {]Xn-]m-Zn¨ DS-s\-¯ s¶ JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Ae-JnÂ

\n¶p Xs¶ krjvSn-¡ -s¸« aäp P´ p-¡ -fn \n¶v hyXy-kv

X-ambn a\p-jy\v \ I-s¸« {]tXy-I-amb HuZm-cy-amWv t]

\-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡ p-hm-\pÅ Ign-hv. Poh ]cn-Wm-a-¯ nsâ am{Xw

ASn-¯ -d-bn \n¶p-sIm­v Cu Ign-hns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡ m\m-

hn-Ã. knà m-WvU-¯ n \n¶v hfÀ¶v A½ -bpsS KÀ`m-i-b

¯ n \n¶v ]qÀW Pohn-bmbn ]pd-¯ p-h-cp¶ ]Xn-\m-bn-c

¡ -W-¡ n\v Pohn-I-fn-sem¶p Xs¶ t]\-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡ m³ ]

Tn-¨ n-«n-Ã. hm\-c-\n \n¶v \c-\mbn amdn-b-Xn A[zm-\-¯ n-

\mWv ]¦v F¶p ]d-bp¶ `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ {]kvXpX A[zm

\-¯ n\p th­n ssIIÄ ]cn-W-an-¨ -t¸mÄ XXv^-e-ambn B

te-J\ hnZybpw a\p-jy³ A`y-kn-¨ -Xm-sW¶v hmZn-t¨¡ mw.

\mUo hnÚ m-\ob cwK¯ v(Neurology) CubSp-¯ p-­mb K

th-jW ^e-§Ä Cu hmZ-¯ nsâ \s«-sÃm-Sn-¡ p-¶p-­v.

akvXn-jvI-¯ nsâ {][m-\-s¸ -« `mK-amWv skdn-{_Â

tImÀs«Ivkv(Cerebral Cortex). hnhn[ imco-cn-Im-h-b-h-§-fpsS

Ne\w {Iao-I-cn-¡ p¶ skdn-{_-¯ nse `mK-amWv tamt«mÀ

a\pjy³ Page 31

tImÀs«Ivkv(Motor Cortex) F¶-dn-b-s¸ -Sp-¶-Xv. ChnsS imco

cnI Ne-\-§sf \nb-{´ n-¡ p¶ \mUo tImi-§-fm-Wp-Å Xv

(Motor Neurons). Hmtcm Ah-b-hhpw F{X-t¯ mfw Ne-\m-ß -I-

amtWm A{Xbpw \mUo-tIm-i-§Ä {]kvXpX Ah-b-hp-am

bn _Ô -s¸«v tamt«mÀ tImÀs«-Ivkn hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸ -«n-«p

­v.ico-c-¯ nse Gähpw Ne-\m-ß -I-amb `mK-¯ n\v AÂ ]w

IqSp-X-ep-­m-hp-sa-¶-sXm-gn-¨m arK-§-fp-sS-sbÃmw tamt«m

À tImÀs«-Ivkn \mUo tImi-§Ä Ah-bpsS Ah-b-h-§

fpsS hep-¸ -¯ n\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bmWv hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸ -«n-cn

¡ p-¶-Xv. AYhm tamt«mÀ tImÀs«-Ivkn hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸«

\mUotImi-§se Ah-b-h-§-fpsS ASn-Ø m-\-¯ n hÀKo-

I-cn¨ v tcJ-s¸ -Sp-¯ n-bm ,ico-c-¯ nse Ne-\m-ß -I-amb `mK-

¯ n\v AÂ ]w ap³ Xq¡ -ap-s­-¦nepw,GI-tZiw Hcp ]qÀW

-Po-hn-bpsS Nn{Xw Xs¶-bmWv e`n-¡ p-I.F¶m a\p-jysâ

Ø nXn- XnI¨pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvI-¯ nse tam

t«mÀ \yqtdm-Wp-IÄ hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸ -«n-cn-¡ p-¶Xv \nb-{´ n-¡

s¸ -tS­ Ah-b-h-§-fpsS hep-¸ -¯ n\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn-«n

Ã.ssI¸-¯ nbpw hnc-ep-Ifpw Np­p-Ifpw hmbbpw \nb-{´ n-

¡ p-¶-Xn-\mWv a\p-jysâ tamt«mÀ tImÀs«-Ivkn hfsc

IqSp-XÂ tamt«mÀ \yqtdm-Wp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡ -s¸ -«n-cn-¡ p-¶

Xv. aäp ico-c-`m-K-§Ä \nb-´ n-¡ p-¶-Xn\p th­n-bpÅ \yq

tdm-Wp-I-sf At]-£ n¨ v AXv hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. CXn X

s¶ XÅ hncepw(thump) Nq­p hncepw(index finger) \nb-{´ n-

¡ p-¶-Xn-¶mbn hf-sc-¡ q-Sp-XÂ tamt«mÀ \yqtdm-Wp-IÄ hn

\y-kn-¨ n-«p-­v. a\p-jysâ tamt«mÀ tImÀs«-Ivkn hn\y-kn-

¡ -s¸« \yqtdm-Wp-Isf Ah-b-h-§-fpsS ASn-Ø m-\-¯ nÂ

tcJ-s¸ -Sp-¯ n-bm `oam-Im-c-amb I¿ pw AXn Xs¶ hf

sc henb X­ hncepw Nq­p hnc-ep-apÅ Hcp sIm¨p a\pjy

a\pjy³ Page 32

sâ Nn{X-amWv e`n-¡ p-I. ]cnWma N{I-¯ n-\n-S-bn bmZr

Ý n-I-ambn cq]-s¸ -«-XmWv Bte-J\ hnZysb¦n AXn-\-\p-

kr-X-amb coXn-bn Nq­p-hn-cepw XÅ -hn-cepw \nb-{´ n¡ p

hm\pÅ \yqtdm-Wp-IÄ hÀ[-am-\-amb tXmXn akvXn-jvI-

¯ n ImW-s¸ -Sp-¶-sX-´ p-sIm-­m-sW¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡ p-hm

³ ]cn-Wma hmZ-¯ n\v Ign-bn-Ã. Imbn-Im-[zm-\-¯ n \n¶m

Wv a\p-jy³ \mK-cn-IXIÄ \nÀan-¡ p-hm-\pÅ Ignhv t\Snsb-

¯ -sX-¦n Nq­p-hn-c-en\pw X­-hn-c-en\pw am{Xw akvXn-jv

I-¯ n {]tXyIw Ø m\-ap-­m-b-Xn¶v ]n¶n {]hÀ¯ n¨

{]IrXn \nÀ[m-c-W-ta-Xm-sW¶v ]dª p Xcp-¶-Xnepw ]cnWm

a hmZn-IÄ ]qÀW-ambn ]cm-P-b-s¸ -Sp-¯ p-I-bmWv sN¿ p-¶

Xv. a\p-jysâ ap³ Km-an-bmbn ]cn-Wma hmZn-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸

Sp-¯ p¶ BÄ ¡ p-c-§n-em-Is« ssIhn-c-ep-IÄ ¡ p-th­n h

fsc Ipd¨ v tamt«mÀ \yqtdm-Wp-IÄ am{Xsa hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸

«n«p-Å q sh¶Xpw Gsd {it² -b-am-Wv.

a\p-jy-\nse ssIhn-c-ep-IÄ ¡ vþ hn-ti-jn¨pw X­-hn

c-en\pw Nq­p-hn-c-en\pw Ahsâ AkvXn-Xz-hp-ambn _Ô s¸

« {][m-\-s¸« Nne ZuXy-§Ä \nÀh-ln-¡ m-\p-s­¶v Xs¶-

bmWv Ahbv¡ p th­n am{X-ambn hf-sc-b-[nIw tamt«mÀ

\yqtdm-Wp-IÄ hn\y-kn-¡ -s¸ -«-Xn \n¶v a\-Ê n-em-¡ m³ I

gn-bp-¶-Xv. t]\-bp]tbm-Kn-¡ p-hm³ a\p-jy\v Ign-bp-¶Xv X

Å hncepw Nq­p-hn-cepw Fsâ CÑ {]Imcw Nen-¸n-¡ p-hm

\m-Ip-¶Xv sIm­m-W-tÃm. a\p-jysâ Ah-b-h-§fpw Ah

\nb-{´ n-¡ m-\mbn akvXn-jvI-hp-saÃmw kwhn[m\n¨ -h³ X

s¶ Fgp-Xp-hm³ Ign-bp¶ cq]-¯ n Ahs\ krjvSn-¨ psh-

¶-XmWv hmkvXhw. Cu Fgp-¯ p-hn-Zy-bn-eqsS Ah³ F

¯ n-t¨ -tc­ D¯ -c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¯ -¡ p-dn¨ IrXy-amb Bkq-{X

a\pjy³ Page 33

W¯ nsâ ASn-Ø m-\-¯ n Xs¶-bmWv a\p-jy³ krjvSn-

¡ -s¸ -«n-«p-Å -sX¶v CsXÃmw hyà -am-¡ p-¶p-­v.t]\-sIm­v

]Tn-¸n-¡ p-I-sb¶ {kjvSm-hnsâ HuZm-cy-am-Wv, Xs¶-t¸mse

knà m-WvU-¯ n \n¶p Xs¶ krjvSn-¡ -s¸« aäp P´ p¡

fn \n¶v hyXy-Ø -ambn, \mK-cn-I-X-IÄ ]Sp-¡ p-hm\pw im

kv{X Kth-j-W-§Ä \S-¯ p-hm\pw kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn apt¶dp-

hm\pw a\p-jys\ {]m]vX-am-¡ p-¶-Xv. t]\-sIm­v ]Tn-¸n¨

\mYsâ HuZm-cy-s¯ -¡ p-dn¨ v ]cm-aÀin¨ DS-s\-¯ s¶ ""a

\p-jy\v- Adn-bm-¯ Xv Ah³ ]Tn-¸n-¨ n-cn-¡ p¶p''-(96:5) sh¶v

JpÀ-B³ ]d-ª Xv Gsd {it² -b-amWv. Bte-J\ hnZy-bm

Wv Adn-hnsâ ]pXnb N{I-hm-f-§Ä tXSp-hm³ a\p-jys\

{]m]vX-\m-¡ p-¶-sX¶v ]d-tb-­-Xn-Ã -tÃm.

a\pjy\pw arK§fpw

arK§sfÃmw {]IrXnbpsS `mKw am{XamWv. F¶m

 a\pjy³ {]IrXnsb `cn¡ m³ Ignbp¶h\mWv. CXm

Wv a\pjy\pw arK§fpw X½ nepÅ auenIamb A´ cw.

Cu A´ cw sNdpXÃ;ktNX\§fpw AtNX\§fpamb h

kvXp¡ Ä X½ n F´ pam{Xw A´ capt­m AXns\¡ mf

[nIw A´ cap­v a\pjy\pw aäpPohnIfpw X½ n .Pohim

kv{X¯ ns³ d AfhptImepIÄ am{Xap]tbmKn¨ v Cu A

´ cw a\Ê nem¡ m\mhpIbnÃ. a\pjy¶v am{XapÅ khn

tijXIsf Af¡ phm³ {]kvXpX AfhptImepIÄ sIm

­v IgnbnÃ. Poh]cnWmasa¶ Bib¯ ns³ d ASnkvYm

\¯ n am{Xw a\pjys\ I­psIm­v ZÀi\§Ä ]Wn

Xm AXp XIcpw.ImcWw,ZÀi\¯ ns³ d AkwkvIrX ]

ZmÀYamb a\pjys\ a\Ê nem¡ p¶Xn\v Pohimkv{Xs¯

am{Xw Ahew_n¨m t]mc. AXn\v ssZhnI amÀKZÀi\

a\pjy³ Page 34

s¯ ¯ s¶ Ahew_nt¡ ­n hcpw. krjvSnsb¡ pdn¨ v hy

IvXambdnbpI {kjvSmhn\v Xs¶bmWtÃm.

\mw ]n¶nte¡ v aS§nt¸mhpI.\qäm­pIÄ ¡ pap¼ p

Å _ohdpIfpw tX\o¨Ifpw F§s\ IqSp­m¡ ntbm A

§s\¯ s¶bmWv C¶pÅ hbpw IqSp­m¡ p¶Xv. Ime¯ n

\\pkcn¨ v ]pXnb kvssäenepÅ hoSp­m¡ phm³ Ah ]

Tn¨ n«nÃ. aäpÅ PohnIfpsSbpw kvYnXn XssYh. AhbpsS

{]IrXnbpsS Xs¶ `mKambns¡ m­mWv Ahbv¡ v A\pIq

e\§Ä e`n¨ ncn¡ p¶Xv. Ah amäp¶Xns\tbm ]cnjvIcn

¡ p¶Xns\tbm Ipdn¨ v Nn´ n¡ phm\pÅ tijn P´ p¡ Ä

¡ nÃ.

F¶m a\pjys³ d kvYnXntbm? Ignª Xeapd¡

dnbm¯ ]eXpw C¶v \ap¡ dnbmw. \ap¡ dnbm¯ ]e Im

cy§fpw ASp¯ Xeapd I­p]nSn¡ pw. C¶se BImi

¯ neqsS ]d¡ pIsb¶Xv IhnXIfnsebpw ]pcmW§fnse

bpw shdpw k¦Â ]w am{Xambncp¶p. C¶v i_vZs¯ ¡ m

Ä thKXtbmSp IqSn ]d¡ m³ Ignbp¶ kq¸À tkmWnIv

hnam\§fp­m¡ phm³ a\pjy\v Ignbp¶p. CXmWv a\p

jys³ d IgnhpIfpw arK§fpsS IgnhpIfpw X½ nepÅ au

enIamb A´ cw. arK§Ä ¡ pÅ P·hmk\Ifpw ss\kÀ

KnI IgnhpIfpw Hcn¡ epw ]ptcmKan¡ pIbnÃ. ]ptcmKan¸n

¡ m³ Ahbv¡ v IgnbpIbnÃ. F¶m a\pjy\v XeapdI

fmbn ssIamdn hcp¶ hnPvRm\§sf tiJcn¡ pIbpw A

h ]ptcmKan¸n¡ pIbpw sN¿ m\pÅ hnZybdnbmw.Cu hnZy

bmWv a\pjys\ aäv arK§fn \n¶v thÀXncn¨p \nÀ¯ p

¶Xv; \mKcnIXIfpsS \nÀamW¯ n\v a\pjy\v km-[n-¡ p

¶Xv Cu IgnhpsIm­mWv.

a\pjy³ Page 35

a\pjy`mj

arK§fn \n¶v hyXykvXambn hkvXpXIsf A]

{KYn¨ v a\Ê nem¡ p¶Xn\pw A§s\ ]ptcmKan¡ p¶Xn\pw

a\pjy\v Ignbp¶Xv Ahs³ d `mjsIm­mWv. `mj A

£ c§fn \n¶Ã Bcw`n¡ p¶Xv; \ma§fn \n¶mWv.

Xs³ d Npäp]mSpapÅ hkvXp¡ fpsS KpWKW§sf¡ pdn

¨ v a\Ê nem¡ n Ahbv¡ v \maIcWw sN¿ m\pÅ Ignhv t\

SnsbSp¡ phm³ arK§Ä s¡ m¶pw km[n¨ n«nÃ; AXv a\p

jys³ d am{Xw {]tXyIXbmWv. \maIcWw F¶Xv tIhe

samcp IÀaaÃ; {]XypX Hcp {]tXyI hkvXphns\ aäv hkv

Xp¡ fn \n¶v thdn«p\nÀ¯ n ]Tn¡ p¶Xn\pÅ ]mXbmW

Xv. Hcp hkvXphns³ d t]cn \n¶v AXns³ d KpW§sf

¡ pdn¨ v \nKa\¯ nse¯ m³ a\pjy\v Ignbp¶p. "t]\'sb

¶v ]dbpt¼ mÄ AXv F´ n\v D]tbmKn¡ p¶XmsW¶pw

AXns³ d KpW§Ä Fs´ ms¡ bmsW¶pw aäv Fgp¯ p h

kvXp¡ fn \n¶pÅ AXns³ d hyXncnIvXXsb´ msW¶pw

a\pjy\v a\Ê nemIp¶p. ]Z§fpsS tIheamb AÀYs¯

¡ mf[nIw D]tbmK¯ nepÅ AÀYamWv "t]cv' [z\n¸n¡ p

¶Xv. "Iw]yq«À' F¶ ]Z¯ n\pw "Im ¡ pteäÀ' F¶ ]Z

¯ n\pw Cw¥ojn GItZiw Htc AÀYamsW¦nepw {]kv

XpX hkvXp¡ Ä X½ nepÅ A´ cwþD]tbmK¯ nepÅ A

´ cwþAhbpsS {]tXyIamb t]cp tIÄ ¡ pt¼ mÄ Xs¶

\ap¡ v t_m[yamIp¶p.

aäp- PohnIfn \n¶v hyXykvXambn hkvXp¡ fpsS

KpW§sf a\Ê nem¡ n Ahbv¡ v \maIcWw \S¯ m\pÅ

Ignhv F§s\bmWv a\pjy\v e`n¨sX¶v hniZoIcn¡ phm

³ ]cnWmahmZnIÄ ¡ v Ignª n«nÃ. `qanbnse Jeo^bmb

a\pjy³ Page 36

a\pjy\v AÃmlp \Â Inb {]tXyIamb A\p{KlamWv \m

aIcW¯ n\pÅ Ignsh¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv."A

h³ BZan\v \ma§sfÃmw ]Tn¸n¨p'sh¶ JpÀB³ kqIv

Xw AÃmlp a\pjy\v \Â Inb At\Iw A\p{Kl§fnsem

¶mWv "t]cnSphm\pÅ Ignhv' F¶v hyIvXam¡ p¶p. DÅ

Xpw D­mIm\ncn¡ p¶Xpamb hkvXp¡ fpsS t]cpIsfÃmw

BZn]nXmhns\ ]Tn¸n¨ psh¶Ã; adn¨ v hkvXp¡ fpsS Kp

WKW§Ä a\Ê nem¡ n t]cnSphm\pÅ Ignhv \ Insb

¶mWv Cu kqIvXw AÀYam¡ p¶Xv. {]kvXpX Ignhv \mK

cnIXIfpsS \nÀamW¯ n\v a\pjys\ kPvPam¡ p¶p.

t]cpIfmWv `mjbpsS apJyLSIsa¶v ]dª tÃm.

`mjbnÃmbncp¶psh¦n a\pjys³ d kmwkvI-mcnI hnIm

kw Akm[yamIpambncp¶p.aäv arK§Ä ¡ pw AhbptSXm

b Bib hn\nabcoXnIfps­¦nepw AhsbÃmw X§fp

sS ]cnanXamb ssPhBhiy§fn am{XamWv HXp§n \n

 ¡ p¶Xv. F¶m a\pjy³ `mjsb Xs³ d ]ptcmKXn

¡ pÅ \nan¯ ambn D]tbmKn¡ p¶p. Ahs³ d `mj¡ pÅ

km[yXIÄ A\´ amWv. kmlnXykrjvSnIfpw imkv{X kn

² m´ §fpsaÃmw `mjbpsS -^e§fmWv.

hmep t]mbt¸mÄ "tlmtamkm¸nb\v' e`n¨ Hcp A

\pIqe\w am{Xambn `mjsb ImWp¶hÀ¡ v AXns³ d A

\´ amb km[yXIsf hniZoIcn¡ m³ IgnbnÃ.Ipsd \ma

§Ä am{Xaà `mj. \ma§sf LSn¸n¨ v Bib§Ä Bhn

jvI-cn¡ s¸Spt¼ mgmWv AXv `mjbmbn amdp¶Xv. Bib

§Ä kzX{´ ambn BhnjvI-cn¡ phm\pÅ Ignhv a\pjy\v

AÃmlp \Â Inb A\p{Kl§fnsem¶msW¶mWv JpÀB

³ ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv.

a\pjy³ Page 37

""]caImcpWnI³ Cu JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¨ p. Ah³ a

\pjys\ krjvSn¨ p.Ah¶v BibmhnjvIcWw ]Tn¸n¨ p''

(55:1þ4). a\Ê nepÅ Bib§Ä kv]jvSambn BhnjvI-cn

¡ p¶ kwkmcamWv "_bm³ '. X¯ ½ bpsS "]q¨ ]q¨ '¡ v

"_bm³ 'F¶v ]dbpIbnÃ._p² n]qÀhIamb kwkmcwþA

Yhm `mjþbmWv _bm³ . kzX{´ amb ssIImcyIÀX-rXzw

\ Is¸« a\pjy\v Ahs³ d {]IrXnbpsS `mKambn {k

jvSmhv \Â Inb IgnhmWv `mjsb¶ JpÀB\nI X¯ -z

¯ n\v FXncp \n ¡ m³ ]änb, kv]jvSamb sXfnhpItfm

Sp IqSnb Hcp kn² m´ hpw imkv{XtemI¯ v AhXcn¸n¡

s¸«n«nÃ.

Bibw BteJ\w sN¿ s¸Spt¼ mgmWv AXv ASp

¯ Xeapd¡ v KpWIcambn¯ ocp¶Xv. BibmhnjvImcw

XeapdIfnte¡ v ]Icphm³ km[n¨ nÃmbncp¶psh¦n \m

an¶v- ImWp¶ ]ptcmKXn Akm[yamIpambncp¶p. ap³ Ign

ª XeapdIfpsS t\«¯ n \n¶mWv \mw ]pXnb t\«¯ n

te¡ v ImseSp¯ psh¡ p¶Xv. Hmtcm Xeapd¡ pw ap¼ s¯

Xeapd sNbvXpsh¨Xn \n¶v XpS§nbm aXn. ap¼ pÅ

kn² m´ §fn \n¶psIm­mWv Hmtcm imkv{XPvR\pw

Xs³ d KthjWw Bcw`n¡ p¶Xv. AXn \n¶mWv ]pXnb

kn² m´ §Ä I­p]nSn¡ p¶Xv."Rm³ s]m¡ apÅ h\mbn

tXm¶p¶psh¦n AXn\v ImcWw Rm³ Fs³ d ap³ Kman

IfpsS tXmfntedn \n ¡ pIbmsW¶XmWv' F¶ \yq«

s³ d hN\w C¡ mcyw hyIvXam¡ p¶p.XeapdIfn \n¶v X

eapdIfnte¡ v hnPvRm\w ]Icm³ a\pjys\ kPvPam¡ p

¶ "FgpXphm\pÅ Ignhv' BWv imkv{X kmt¦XnI cwK

¯ v al¯ mb IpXn¨pNm«¯ n\v Ahs\ ]cym]vX\m¡ nb

a\pjy³ Page 38

Xv. enJnX tcJIfnÃmbncp¶psh¦n Xs³ d ap³ Kman F

´ v ]dª psh¶dnbm³ a\pjy\v amÀK§sfm¶pap­mIp

ambncp¶nÃ. amÀIvknkväv Nn´ I\mb Un.Un. sImkmw_n

FgpXp¶p: "BÀ¡ nanUokpw \yq«Wpw tKkpw H¶nt\msSm

¶v Iq«nbnW¡ s¸« N§e¡ ®nbmWv. Hmtcmcp¯ cpsSbpw

I­p]nSp¯ §Ä X§fpsS ap³ KmanIfpsS I­p]nSp¯

§tfmSv GsX¦nepw Xc¯ n At`Zyambn _\v[s¸«ncn

¡ p¶p.BZys¯ I­p]nSp¯ w \S¶n«nÃmbncp¶psh¦nÂ

an¡ hmdpw ]n¶t¯ Xv \S¡ pambncp¶nÃ' (D.D. Kosa mbi:

Science, Society and Peace, P. 10).

_etadnbt¸mÄ e`n¨ A\pIqe\§fnsem¶v am{X

ambn t]\bp]tbmKn¡ phm\pÅ Ignhns\ ImWp¶hÀ,{]

kvXpX Ignhns³ d A\´ amb km[yXIsf¡ pdn¨ v "t]\

sIm­pÅ ]T\w' a\pjys\ Ah¶dnbm¯ Imcy§Ä a

\Ê nem¡ p¶Xnte¡ v \bn¡ p¶psh¶pw Ah c­pw {k

jvSmhns³ d Zm\amsW¶pw ]Tn¸n¡ p¶XneqsS "Fgp¯ p

hnZy'bpsS {]m[m\yw hyIvXam¡ pIbpw AXns³ d km[y

XIfnte¡ v hnc Nq­pIbpw sN¿ p¶p.

hkv{X[mcWw

P´ p¡ Ä s¡ Ãmw P\t\{µnb§fps­¦nepw AXv a

d¡ Wsa¶ t_m[w a\pjys³ d am{Xw {]tXyIXbmWv.\m

Ww a\pjycpsS khntijamb KpW§fnsem¶mWv. arK

§fpsS ]X\¯ nte¡ v B]Xn¨ NneÀ "\Kv\X'sb sF

U³ dnänbmbn sXcsª Sp¡ p¶sXmgn¨m a\pjyÀ s]m

Xpsh hkv{X§fp]tbmKn¡ p¶hcmWv. \ZoXS \mKcnIX

Isf Ipdn¨ v e`n¨ ncn¡ p¶ hnhc§Ä h¨pt\m¡ pt¼ mÄ

hkv{X[mcWw F¡ mes¯ bpw am\h kwkv¡ mc¯ ns³ d

a\pjy³ Page 39

`mKambncp¶psh¶mWv a\Ê nemhp¶Xv.

Poh]cnWma¯ nse GXv L«¯ n sh¨mWv Xs³ d

P\t\{µnbw aäpÅ hcn \n¶v ad¨p]nSn¡ Wsa¶ t_m[w

a\pjy\p­mbsX¶v hniZoIcn¡ phm³ ]cnWmahmZ¯ n

\v Ignª n«nÃ. hnip² JpÀB\mIs«, hkv{X[mcWs¯

am\h kwkvImc¯ ns³ d `mKambmWv ImWp¶Xv. \Kv\X

{]ISamb A¶p apXÂ Xs¶ \mWhpw hkv{Xw [cn¡ W

sa¶ t_m[hpw a\pjyÀ¡ p­mbn F¶mWv JpÀB³ ]

Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv.

""A§s\ AhÀ B ac¯ n \n¶v `£ n¨ p. At¸m

Ä AhÀ¡ v X§fpsS \Kv\X {]ISambn. kzÀK¯ nse C

eIÄ Iq«nt¨À¯ v X§fpsS tZlw AhÀ s]mXnbm³ XpS

§pIbpw sNbvXp'' (20:121).

hkv{X-[m-c-Ww -kw-kvIm-c-¯ n-sâ bpw [mÀan-I-X-bp-sS

bpw {]I-S-\-am-sW-¶mWv JpÀ-B-\nsâ \ne-]mSv.-

""B-Zw- k´ -Xn-I-tf-,- \n-§Ä -¡ p- \mw- \n-§-fp-sS- tKm

]y- Ø m-\-§Ä - a-d-bv-¡ m\p-X-Ip-¶- h-kv-{X-hpw- A-e-¦m-c- h

kv{X-hpw- \-Â -In-bn-cn-¡ p-¶p.-[À-½ -\n-jv-T-bm-Ip-¶- h-kv-{X-am-I-

s«- A-Xm-Wv- Iq-Sp-XÂ - D-¯ -aw.- A-hÀ- {i-² n-¨ p a-\-Ê n-em-¡ p

hm³ - th-­n- A-Ãm-lp- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡ p-¶- sX-fn-hp-I-f-n s]-«

X-s{X- A-Xv.-B-Zw- k-´ -Xn-Itf-,-\n-§-fp-sS- am-Xm-]n-X-¡ -sf- B-

tXm-«-¯ n - \n-¶v- ]p-d-¯ m-¡ n-b-Xv- t]m-se- ]n-im-Nv- \n-§-sf-

Ip-g-¸ -¯ nem-¡ m-Xn-cn-¡ -s«.- A-hÀ- C-cp-hp-sS-bpw- tKm-]y-Ø m

\§Ä - A-h-À-¡ v- Im-Wn-¨ p- sIm-Sp-¡ p-hm-\m-bn- A-h³ - A-h

cn - \n-¶v- A-h-cp-sS- h-kv-{Xw- F-Sp-¯ p-\o-¡ p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p.

XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw- A-h-\pw- A-h-sâ - hÀ-¤-Im-cpw- \n-§-sf- I-­p-sIm

a\pjy³ Page 40

­n-cn-¡ pw-;- \n-§Ä -¡ v- A-h-sc- Im-Wm³ -]-äm-¯ - hn-[-¯ n .

XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw- hn-iz-kn-¡ -m-¯ -hÀ¡ v- ]n-im-Np-I-sf- \mw- an-{X

§-fm-¡ n- sI-m-Sp-¯ n-cn-¡ p-¶p.''- (7:-26,27.)-

hkv{X- [m-c-W-s¯ -¡ p-dn¨ v ]d-ª -bp-Ss\¯ s¶ ss]

imNnI {]tem-`-\-s¯ -¡ p-dn¨ v JpÀ-B³ \Â Ip¶ ap¶-dn-bn

¸ v Gsd {it² -b-am-Wv. kzÀK-¯ n sh¨ v BZn- am-Xm-]n-Xm

¡ sf hnh-kv{X-cm-¡ n-bXv ]nim-Nnsâ IpX-{´ -am-sW¶pw {]

kvXpX IpX-{´ -¯ n \n¶v c£ -s¸ -Sm³ kZm -{i-² -bm-ep-hm-

bn-cn-¡ -W-sa¶pw JpÀ-B³ a\p-jysc D]-tZ-in-¡ p-¶p.

Idp-¯ -apJw

kzX-{´ -amb ssIImcy IÀ¯ r-Xz-¯ n\pÅ Ah-Im

iw a\p-jysc D Ir-jvS-am-¡ p-¶p-sh-¦n AXnsâ Zpcp-]-

tbmKw Ahs\ \nIr-jvS-\m-¡ p-sa¶pw JpÀ-B³ ]Tn-¸n-¡ p

¶p-­v. XoÀ¨ -bmbpw a\p-jysc \mw Gähpw \à LS-\-tbm

Sp IqSn krjvSn-¨ n-cn-¡ p¶psh¶v ]d-ª -bp-Ss\ Xs¶ ""]n

¶oSv Ahs\ \mw A[-a-cn A[-a-\m-¡ n-¯ oÀ¯ p''-(95:5)

sh¶pw JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp-¶p. AÃmlp GÂ ]n¨ kzX-{´ -am

b ssIIm-cy-IÀ¯ r-Xz-sa¶ Aam-\¯ v Gsä-Sp¯ tijw I

Sp¯ A{I-anbpw Ahn-th-In-bp-am-bn-¯ o-cp-I-bmWv a\p-jy

³ sNbvX-sX¶pw JpÀ-B³ hyà -am-¡ p-¶p.

""XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw- \mw- B- hniz-kv-X- Zu-Xyw- (D-¯ -c-hm-Zn

Xzw)- B-Im-i-§-fp-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- ]À-Æ -X-§-fp-sS-b-pw-

a-p¼ m-sI- F-Sp-¯ p- Im-«p-I-bp-­m-bn.- F-¶m - A-Xv- F-sä-Sp

¡ p-¶-Xn-\v- A-h- hn-k-½ n-Xn-¡ p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s\-¸ -än- A-h-bv-¡ v-

t]-Sn- tXm-¶p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- a-\p-jy³ - A-Xv- G-sä-Sp-¯ p.- Xo

À-¨ -bm-bpw- A-h³ - I-Sp-¯ - A-{I-an-bpw- A-hn-th-In-bp-am-bn-cn-

a\pjy³ Page 41

¡ p-¶p.-''-(33:72).

CXmWv a\p-jy-mkvXn-Xz-¯ nsâ Idp-¯ - ap-Jw. arK-§-

sfm¶pw Cu Aam-\¯ v Gsä-Sp-¯ n-«n-Ã.AXp-sIm­p Xs¶

Ahbv¡ v hn[n-¡ -s¸« ]mX-bn-eqsS AhÀ apt¶m«p t]mIp

¶p. Ah-bpsS Poh-k-Ô m-cWw BÀ¡ pw Hcp {]i-v\hpw

krjvSn-¡ p-¶n-Ã. Ah {]IrXnbpsS `mK-am-Wv.Ah-bpsS {]

hÀ¯ -\-§-fn {]IrXnhn-cp-² -amb bmsXm-¶p-an-Ã.F¶mÂ

a\p-jyt\m? Ahsâ kzmX{´ yw Ah³ Gsä-Sp-¯ -Xm-Wv.]

s£ , B kzmX-{´ ys¯ Ah³ Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-¡ p-¶p. kzmX

{´ yw \Â Inb {kjvSm-hnsâ hn[n-hn-e-¡ p-Isf hne-a-Xn-¡ m

sX Ah³ A{I-anbpw Ahn-th-In-bp-am-bn-¯ o-cp-¶p. Cu A

hnth-I-amWv kIe Ipg-¸ -§Ä ¡ pw Imc-W-am-Ip-¶-Xv. JpÀ

B³ ]d-bp-¶Xv ImWpI:-

""a-\p-jy-cp-sS- ssI-IÄ - {]-hÀ-¯ n-¨ -Xv- \n-an-¯ w- I-c-bn

epw- I-S-en-epw- Ip-g-¸ -w- sh-fn-s¸ -«n-cn-¡ p¶p.- A-hÀ- {]-hÀ-¯ n

¨ -Xn - Nn-e-Xn-sâ - ^-ew- A-hÀ-¡ v- B-k-zZn-¡ p-hm³ - th-­n-b-

s{X- A-Xv.- A-hÀ- H-cp- th-f- a-S-§n-tb-¡ mw.-''-(30:41)-

a\p-jyÀ¡ v \ I-s¸ -«-Xp- t]mse Xs¶ aäp-Po-hn-IÄ

¡ pw C{µn-b-§-fp-­v. I®pw ImXpw aq¡ pw \m¡ pw e£ y

am-¡ p¶ C{µn-b-§Ä aäp-]-e-Po-hn-I-fnepw a\p-jy-cn-te-Xn-t\-

¡ mÄ anI-¨ -Xm-Wv. \ap¡ v ImWm³ Ign-bm¯ ImgvNbpw tI

Ä ¡ m³ Ign-bm¯ i_vZhpw aW-¡ m\m-hm¯ aW-hp-a-\p-`-

hn-¡ p¶ Pohn-I-fp-s­-¶À°w. Pohn-I-sfÃmw Adnhp t\Sp

¶p-­v. F¶m {]kvXpX Adn-hns\ X§-fpsS Pohn-_-

Ô m-c-W-¯ n-\m-h-iy-amb Xc-¯ n-e-ÃmsX aäp Xe-§-fn-te¡ v

D]-tbm-Kn-¡ p-hm³ Ah-bv¡ m-hn-Ã. Zztµ--{µn-b-§-fn-eqsS e`n

¡ p¶ hnÚ m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨ v {]]© cl-ky-§-fn-te¡ v Du

a\pjy³ Page 42

fn-bn-«n-d-§p-hmt\m kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bn-eqsS ]ptcm-K-an-¡ phm

t\m kz´ -s¯ -¸än hne-bn-cp-¯ p-hmt\m P´ p-¡ Ä s¡ m¶pw

Ign-bn-Ã. AXp-sIm­p Xs¶ \mK-cn-I-X-IÄ \nÀan-¡ p-hm

t\m Ime-¯ n-s\m¯ v Db-cp-hmt\m Ahbv¡ v Akm-[y-am

Wv.]t©-{µn-b-§-fn-eqsS e`n-¡ p¶ Adn-hns\ A]-{K-ln-¡ p

hm\pw ka-\z-bn-¸n-¡ p-hm\pw ]pXnb \nK-a-\-§-fn-se-¯ p-hm

\pw {]kvXpX \nK-a-\-§Ä kXy-k-Ô -am-tWm-sb¶v ]cn

tim-[n-¡ p-hm-\p-sa-Ãm-sa-¯ p¶ Ignhv a\p-jy-\p-­v. C{µn-b-

Ú m-\-¯ n-\-¸p-d-t¯ ¡ v a\pjy hnÚ m\w IpXn-¡ p-¶Xv Cu

tijn-bpÅ Xp sIm-­mWv a\p-jy-cpsS `uXnI ]ptcm-K-Xn

IÄ s¡ Ãmw B[mcw ]pXnb Adn-hp-IÄ BÀÖ n¨ v apt¶

dp-hm-\pÅ tijn-bm-h-Ww.

{]]-©-s¯ bpw kz´ -s¯ bpw Ipdn¨ v ]Tn¡ p-hm\pw

A]-{K-Yn-¡ p-hm\pw `uXn-I-ambn ]ptcm-K-an-¡ p-hm\pw k¶

² am-hp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Xs¶ {]]-©-¯ nsâ {kjvSm-hns\ A

dn-bp-hm\pw kz´ -¯ nsâ hyXn-cn-à -Xbpw e£ yhpw a\-Ê n-

em-¡ p-¶-Xn\pw IqSn ]t©-{´ n-b -Ú m-\hpw Ah-bp]tbm

Kn-¨ pÅ A]-{K-Y-\hpw hgn km[n-t¡ -­-Xp-s­¶v JpÀ-B

³ a\p-jysc DÂ t_m-[n-¸n-¡ p-¶p.`uXnI ]ptcm-K-Xn¡ v {]m

]n-X-am-¡ p-¶, khn-ti-j-X-IÄ \Â Inb \mYs\ Adn-bp-I

bpw Ahsâ hn[n-hn-e-¡ p-IÄ {]Imcw Pohn¨ v kz´ -¯ n

\pw kaq-l-¯ n\pw \·- h-cp-¯ p-Ibpw sNt¿ -­Xv a\p-jycp

sS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. Cu Npa-Xe Xncn-¨ -dn-bm-¯ -h³ arK-§-sf-

¡ mÄ A[:]Xn-¨ -h-cm-sW-¶mWv JpÀ-B-\nsâ \ne-]mSv.-

""Pn-¶p-I-fn - \n-¶pw- a-\p-j-y-cn - \n-¶pw- [m-cm-fw- t]-

sc- \mw- \-c-I-¯ n-\p- th-­n- kr-jv-Sn-¨ n-«p-­v.- A-hÀ-¡ v- a-\

Ê p-I-fp-­v.- A-Xp-]-tb-m-Kn-¨ v- A-hÀ- Im-cyw- {K-ln-¡ p-I-bn-Ã.-

a\pjy³ Page 43

A-hÀ-¡ v- I-®p-Ifp-­v.- A-Xp-]-tbm-Kn-¨ v- A-hÀ- I-­-dn-bp-I

bn-Ã.- A-hÀ-¡ v- Im-Xp-I-fp-­v-.- A-Xp-]-tbm-Kn-¨ v- A-hÀ- tI-«v- a

\-Ê n-em-¡ pI-bn-Ã.-A-hÀ- Im-en-I-sf-t¸ -se-bm-Ip-¶p.- A-Ã;- A-

h-cm-Wv- Iq-Sp-XÂ - ]n-g-¨ -hÀ.- A-hÀ- X-s¶-bm-Wv- {i-² -bn-Ãm

¯ hÀ.''- (7:179)-

]t©-{µn-b-§Ä \ Ip¶ Adnhpw Ah A]-{K-Yn¨ v

e`n-¡ p¶ Ú m\-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨ v \mYs\ Adn-bp-Ibpw A

hsâ BÚ m- \nÀt±-i-§Ä {]Imcw Pohn¨ v kzbw hna-eo

Icn-¡ p-Ibpw aäpÅ hsc hnip-² o-I-cn-¡ m³ {ian-¡ p-Ibpw

sN¿ p-¶-h-cmWv am\-hn-I-X-bpsS DZm-¯ o-I-cWw ssZh-Zm-k

³ am-sc¶pw Ah-cmWv BXy-´ n-I-ambn hnP-bn-¡ p-¶-h-sc¶p-

amWv JpÀ-B³ ]Tn-¸n-¡ p-¶-Xv.

""]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-sâ - Zm-k-·mÀ- `q-an-bn - Iq-Sn- hn\-b

t¯ m-sS- \-S-¡ p-¶-hcpw-,- A-hn-th-In-IÄ - X§-tfm-Sv- kw-km-cn

¨m - k-am-[m-\-]-c-am-bn- a-dp-]-Sn- \ -Ip-¶-hcp-am-Ip-¶p.-X§-

fpsS- c-£ n-Xm-hn-\v- {]-Wm-aw- sN-¿ p-¶-h-cm-bn-s¡ m-­-pw,- \n-¶v-

\-a-kv-I-cn-¡ p-¶-h-\m-bn-s¡ m-­pw- cm-{Xn- I-gn-¨ p- Iq«p-¶-h-cp-am

Ip-¶p- A-hÀ.-‘R-§-fp-sS- c-£ n-Xm-th,- R-§-fn - \n-¶v- \-cI-

in-£ - \o- H-gn-hm-¡ n- X-tc-W-ta,-XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw- A-Xn-se- in£ -

hn-s«-mgn-bm-¯ - hn-]-¯ p-am-Ip-¶p-,- XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw-(\-c-Iw)- No-¯ -

bm-sb-mcp- Xm-h-f-hpw- ]mÀ-¸n-S-hpw- X-s¶-bm-Ip-¶p'-- F-¶v- ]-d

bp-¶-h-cp-am-Ip-¶p- A-hÀ.- sN-e-hp- sN-¿ p-I-bm-sW-¦n-Â - Aan-

X-hy-bw - \-S-¯ p-I-sbm,- ]n-ip-¡ n -]n-Sn-¡ p-Isbm- sN-¿ m-sX- A-

Xn-¶n-S-¡ p-Å - an-X-am-b- amÀ-Kw- kzo-I-cn-¡ p-¶-h-cp-am-Ip-¶p- A

hÀ.- A-Ãm-lp-th-sSm-¸w- th-sd-sbm-cp- ssZ-h-t¯ -bpw- hn-fn-¨ v- {]m

À-°n-¡ m-¯ -h-cpw,- A-Ãmlp- ]-hn-{X-am-¡ n- sh-¨ n-«p-Å - Po-hs\-

\ym-b-am-b- Im-c-W-¯ m-e-Ãm-sX- l-\n-¨ p- I-f-bm-¯ -h-cpw,hy`n-

a\pjy³ Page 44

N-cn-¡ m-¯ -h-cp-am-Ip-¶p- A-hÀ.- B- Im-cy-§Ä - h-Ã-h\pw- sN

¿ p-¶- ]-£ w- A-h³ - ]m-]- ^-ew- I-s­-¯ p-I-X-s¶- sN¿ pw-.- D

bÀ-s¯ -gp-t¶Â -¸n-sâ - \m-f-n - A-h-¶v- in-£ - C-c-«n-bm-¡ s¸

Sp-Ibpw-,- \n-µy-\m-bn- sIm-­v- A-h³ - A-Xn - F-s¶-¶pw- I-gn¨ p-

Iq-«p-I-bpw- sN-¿ pw-.- ]-iv-Nm-¯ -]n-¡ p-I-bpw- hn-iz-kn-¡ pI-bpw-

k -IÀ-½ w- {]-hÀ-¯ n-¡ p-I-bp-w- sN-bv-h-scm-gn-sI- A-¯ -c-¡ m

À¡ v- A-Ãm-lp- X-§-fp-sS- Xn-·-IÄ -¡ v- ]-I-cw- \-·-IÄ - am-än- sIm-

Sp-¡ p-¶-Xm-Wv.- A-Ãm-lp- G-sd- s]m-dp-¡ p¶-h-\pw- I-cp-Wm-\n

[n-bp-am-bn-cn-¡ p-¶p.-h-à -h-\pw- ]-i-v-Nm-¯ -]n-¡ p-Ibpw,-k -IÀ-

½ w- {]-hÀ-¯ n-¡ p-I-bpw- sN-¿ p-¶- ]-£ w- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦te-¡ v-

i-cn-bmb- \n-e-bn - a-S-§p-I-bm-Wv- A-h³ - sN-¿ p-¶Xv.- hym-P-

¯ n-\v- km-£ n- \n -¡ m-¯ -h-cpw,- A-\m-h-iy- hr-¯ nIÄ - \-S¡ p

-t¶-S-¯ p- Iq-Sn- t]m-Ip-I-bm-sW-¦n - am-\y-·m-cm-bn- sIm-­v- I-

S-¶p- t]m-Ip-¶-h-cp-am-Ip-¶p- A-hÀ-.- X-§-fp-sS- c-£ n-Xm-hn-sâ - h

-N\-§Ä - ap-tJ-\- D-Xv-t_m-[-\w- \ -I-s¸ -«m - _-[n-c-·m-cpw-

A-Ô -·m-cp-am-b-n-sIm-­v- A-Xn-t·Â - Nm-Sn- ho-g-m-¯ -h-cp-am-Ip¶p

A-hÀ.-"R-§-fp-sS- c-£ n-Xm-th,-R-§-fp-sS- `m-cy-am-cn - \n¶pw-

k´ Xn-I-fn - \n-¶pw- R-§Ä -¡ v- \o- I¬Ip-fnÀ-a- \ -Ip-I

bpw-,- [À-a-\n-jv-T- ]m-en-¡ p-¶-hÀ-¡ v- R-§-sf- \o- am-Xr-I-bm

¡ p-I-bpw- sN-t¿ -W-ta- F-¶v- ]-d-bp-¶-h-cp-am-Ip-¶p- A-hÀ.-A-

¯ -c-¡ mÀ-¡ v- X-§Ä - £ -an-¨ -X-n-sâ - t]-c-n -(kzÀ-K-¯ n -)-D-¶-

Xam-b- Ø m-\w- {]-Xn-^-e-am-bn- \Â -I-s¸ -Sp-¶-Xm-Wv.- A-`n-hm

Zy-t¯ m-Spw k-am-[-m-\m-iw-k-tbm-Spw- Iq-Sn- A-hÀ- A-hn-sS- kzo-

I-cn-¡ -s¸ -Sp-¶-Xp-am-Wv.- A-hÀ- A-Xn - \n-Xyhm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-

¡ pw,- F-{X- \-Ã - Xm-h-f-hpw- ]mÀ-¸nS-hpw-!- (25:63-þ76)-

a\pjy³ Page 45

\m-ev-

[mÀ-an-I-X-

a\pjy³ {]IrXnsb `cn¡ m³ IgnhpÅ h\msW¶v

\mw I­p. \½ sfm¶v Nn´ n¨ pt\m¡ pI. `qanbn Poh³

BhnÀ`hn¨ v e£ ¡ W¡ n\v hÀj§Ä ¡ p tijamWv a\p

jys³ d BKa\ap­mbsX¶v imkv{XPvR·mÀ Nq­n¡ m

Wn¡ p¶p. \ap¡ v Npäpw ImWp¶ PohnIÄ Xn¶pIbpw Ip

Sn¡ pIbpw hnkÀPn¡ pIbpw CWtNcpIbpw sN¿ m\mcw

`n¨ n«v e£ ¡ W¡ n\v hÀj§fmbn.Ahbvs¡ m¶pw Xs¶

{]IrXnbpsS kwXpenXmhkvYsb XInSw adn¡ phmt\m F

´ n\[nIw, AXn A ]sa¦nepw amäw hcp¯ phmt\m I

gnª n«nÃ. ImcWsa´ mWv? Ah F¶pw {]IrXnbpsS `mKw

am{Xambncp¶p. AhbpsS {]hÀ¯ \§fpw {]IrXnbpsS `m

Kw Xs¶bmbncp¶p.AXp sIm­p Xs¶ Ah F§s\ Po

hn¨mepw AXv {]IrXn hncp² amhpIbnÃ. AhbpsS Pohn

X¯ n\v ISnª mWpIÄ Bhiyansöv kmcw. F¶m a

\pjys³ d kvYnXntbm? Xm\pÄ s¡ mÅ p¶ {]IrXnsb¯

s¶ XIcmdnem¡ m³ ]cym]vXamb {]hr¯ nIÄ sN¿ m³ a

\pjy\v Ignbpw. \yq¢ nbÀ Bbp[§fp]tbmKn¨ v \nanj

§Ä sIm­v `qansb¯ s¶ PohclnXam¡ phm³ Ah¶v

km[n¡ pw. PohnIsft¸mse kzX{´ amb hnlmc¯ n\v A

hs\ hn«m kÀh{X \mihpw Ipg¸hpambncn¡ pw ^ew.A

hs³ d PohnX¯ nepw {]hÀ¯ \§Ä ¡ pw Nne Nn«Ifpw hy

hkvYIfpamhiyamWv. Ah³ F§s\ Pohn¡ Wsa¶Xn

\v hyIvXamb amÀK ZÀi\w A\nhmcyamsW¶ÀYw.

`qanbnse \mbI\mWv a\pjy³ . Ah³ kÀh X{´

a\pjy³ Page 46

kzX{´ \mWv.Cu kzmX{´ yw a\pjymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d am{Xw

{]tXyIXbmWv. arK§Ä s¡ m¶pw Cu kzmX{´ yw \ Is¸

«n«nÃ. Ah {]IrXnbpsS `mKambn am{Xw \nesImÅ pIbm

Wv. AkvXnXz¯ ns³ d kzmX{´ yw a\pjys\ {]IrXnbpsS

ta B[n]XyapÅ h\m¡ n amäp¶p; Asæn {]IrXnbp

sS ]e LSI§fnepw Xs³ d kzm[o\apd¸n¡ m³ Ah¶v

Ignbp¶p. a\pjymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d Gähpw auenIamb k

hntijXbmb kzmX{´ yw \in¸n¡ s¸Sp¶Xv, AXpsIm­v

Xs¶ kln¡ m³ Ah¶v IgnbpIbnÃ. hni¸ns\¡ mfpw Zm

ls¯ ¡ mfpw a\pjyÀ¡ v Akl\obambn«pÅ Xv ]mcX

{´ yamIp¶p. kzmX{´ ys¯ \in¸n¡ phm³ {ian¡ p¶hÀ

s¡ Xnsc tNmcNn´ n t]mcmSm³ a\pjyÀ k¶² cmhp¶Xv

AXpsIm­mWv.

Cu kzmX{´ yw AÃmlp \Â Inb "Aam\¯ v' B

sW¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv. BImi§Ä t¡ m `qan

t¡ m ]ÀhX§Ä t¡ m aäv PohPme§Ä t¡ m \ Im¯

"Aam\¯ v' BWv a\pjy\v \ Is¸«ncn¡ p¶ kzmX{´ yw.

]t£ ,Cu kzmX{´ y¯ n\v hyIvXamb hne¡ pIÄ Bhiy

atÃ? P´ p¡ fn Gähpw kpµc\mb a\pjy\v Xs¶ hn

cq]\mbn amdm\pw Ignbpw. \Jw apdn¡ pItbm £ ucw sN

¿ pItbm Ipfn¡ pItbm sN¿ msX Pohn¡ p¶ Hcmsf I

­m AbmÄ ]¶nsb¡ mÄ hr¯ nsI«h\msW¶v \mw

]dbpw. F¶m arK§Ä t¡ m? Ah £ ucw sN¿ pItbm

\Jw sh«pItbm sN¿ p¶pt­m? CÃ. CtX cq]¯ n Po

hnX¯ ns³ d FÃm cwK§fnte¡ pw Bhiyamb \nba§

Ä A\pkcnt¡ ­Xv a\pjys³ d _m[yXbmWv. Cu \nb

a§Ä Ahs³ d kzmX{´ mkvXnXzs¯ tNmZyw sN¿ pIb

a\pjy³ Page 47

Ã; AXns\ cN\mXvaI hi§fnte¡ v Xncn¨ phnSpIbmWv

sN¿ p¶Xv.

kzmX{´ yw \ Is¸SpI hgn krjvSnIfn AXyp¶

X\mbn- amdnb a\pjy\v Xs¶ {]kvXpX kzmX{´ yw Zpcp]

tbmKs¸Sp¯ ns¡ m­v AXn\nIrjvS\mbn amdm\pw km[n

¡ pw. hnip² JpÀB³ C¡ mcyw kqNn¸n¡ p¶Xn§s\bm

Wv:- ""XoÀ¨bmbpw a\pjys\ \mw Gähpw \à LS\tbmSp

IqSn krjvSn¨ ncn¡ p¶p. ]n¶oSv Ahs\ \mw A[acn A

[a\m¡ n¯ oÀ¯ p.'' GXmWv Gähpw \à LS\? kzX{´

amb Ahs³ d AkvXnXzw Xs¶. {]kvXpX kzmX{´ yw X

s¶ A[aXz¯ n\pw \nan¯ amImw;hne¡ pIÄ ]men¡ mXn

cp¶m .HcpZmlcWw t\m¡ pI. arK§fpsS ssewKnI th

gvNbpsS e£ yw AhbpsS hwiw \ne\nÀ¯ pI am{XamWv.

AXn\p th­n {]IrXn \nivNbn¨ \nba§Ä ]men¡ phm

³ - Ah \nÀ_\v[nXhpamWv.X§fptSXÃm¯ PohnhÀK§

fn (Species) s]«hcpambn ssewKnI_\v[w ]mSnsöXp

am{XamWv s]mXpsh P´ phÀK¯ n ImWs¸Sp¶ {]Ir

XnbpsS hne¡ v. (CXn\v A]hmZ§fps­¶Xv icnbmWv.

{]kvXpX A]hmZ§Ä t]mepw AhbpsSssPhnIamb B

hiy \nÀhlW¯ ns\¶XmWv hmkvXhw). kz´ w hÀK

¯ n s]« s]ä½ bpambn t]mepw ssewKnI_\v[¯ nteÀ

s¸Sp¶Xn\v {]IrXn\nbaw Ah¡ v XSÊ amIp¶nÃ. AXp

sIm­p Xs¶ ]p{Xs³ d _oPw t]dm³ amXmhpw ]nXmhn

s³ d _oPw t]dm³ aIfpw k¶² cmhp¶p.AXpsIm­v ar

K§fpsS temI¯ v bmsXmcp Ipg¸hpanÃ. a\pjys³ d ssew

KnIthgvNbpsS e£ yw Ahs³ d hwiw \ne\nÀ¯ pI am

{XaÃ. B\µ¯ n\pw kvt\l¯ n\pw IpSpw_¯ ns³ d sI

a\pjy³ Page 48

«pd¸n\pw AXphgn kaql¯ ns³ d \ne\n ]n\psaÃmapÅ

]ckv]c _\v[¯ ns³ d ASn¯ dbmbn a\pjy\n ssew

KnIX amdp¶p. AhnsS {]IrXn Ah\n ASnt¨Â ]n¨X

Ãm¯ aäv ]e \nba§fpw ]men¡ m³ Ah³ _m[ykvY

\mWv. Xm³ hnhmlw sNbvX CWbpambn am{Xsa Ah³ ,

Asæn AhÄ _\v[s¸Sphm³ ]mSpÅ q. C¯ cw \nba

§Ä ]men¡ msX Pohn¡ p¶Xv Ahs³ d kzX{´ mkvXnXz

s¯ aen\s¸Sp¯ pw. Ah³ A[acn A[a\mbn¯ ocpw.

CSadpIpw aIfpw IqSn \S¯ nb atejymbm{X¡ nSbn A

hÀ¡ p­mb Hcp A\p`hw hnhcn¡ p¶Xv ImWpI: "kv{Xo

]pcpj _\v[w t\cn I­v BkzZn¡ mw. AXn\v A©v tUm

ftdbpÅ q; AbmÄ ]dª p: "\mbbpw kv{Xobpw X½ nepÅ

ssewKnI_\v[w ImWWsa¦n ]¯ v tUmfÀ.Hdm§v H«m

\pw (HcpXcw Ipc§v) s]®pw X½ nepÅ _\v[w ImWtWm?

AXn\pw Hcp kvYeap­v. ]t£ , ]Xn\©v tUmfÀ sImSp

¡ Ww' (CSadpIv B³ dv KoXm CSadpIv: Xmbve³ dneqsS H

cp bm{X. `mKw: 1, ]pdw 21). F{X ePvPmhlw! kz´ w hÀK

¯ n s]«hcpambn«ÃmsX ssewKnI_\v[w ]mSnsö "ar

Kob \nbaw't]mepw ChnsS ewLn¡ s¸Sp¶p. a\pjy kzm

X{´ y¯ ns³ d Gähpw \ntj[mXvaIamb hiamWnhnsS \mw

ImWp¶Xv. a\pjy\v F{Xt¯ mfw A[a\mIm³ Ignbpsa

¶v Cu kw`hw hyIvXam¡ p¶p.

[mÀanI \nba§Ä a\pjys³ d \ne\n ]n\p Xs¶

A\nhmcyamIp¶p. hÀK¯ ns³ d \nba§Ä A\pkcn¡ m

Xncn¡ p¶Xv \chÀK¯ ns³ d Xs¶ \mi¯ n\v \nan¯ am

hpw. FbnUvkv t]mepÅ ssewKnItcmK§Ä Cu hkvXp

Xbnte¡ mWv hnc Nq­p¶Xv. hnthN\ clnXambn ssew

a\pjy³ Page 49

KnIhr¯ nbnteÀs¸Sp¶ arK§Ä s¡ m¶n\pw Xs¶ ssew

KnI tcmK§tfm aäv ssewKnI {]iv\§tfm D­mhp¶nsÃ

¶ hkvXpX,BÄ ¡ pc§ns³ d k´ Xnbmbn a\pjys\ Im

Wp¶hcpsS I®v Xpd¸nt¡ ­XmWv.

a®ns³ dbpw BXvamhns³ dbpw ka\zbw

hni¸pw Zmlhpw ssewKnImkIvXnbpw t]msebpÅ

imcocnImhiy§Ä \ndthäs¸Sp¶tXmsS P´ p¡ Ä kw

Xr]vXcmhp¶p. P´ pklPamb hni¸ns³ dbpw hnImc¯ n

s³ dbpw ia\w a\pjy\pw BhiyamsW¦nepw {]kvXpX

ia\¯ neqsS am{Xw Ah³ kwXr]vX\mhp¶nÃ.im´ nbpw

kzkvYXbpw kam[m\hpw Ah³ Imw£ n¡ p¶p. kvt\l

¯ n\p th­n Ahs³ d a\Ê v Zmln¡ p¶p.kZvkz`mhw A

h³ CjvSs¸Sp¶p. [mÀanIPohnXw Ahs³ d PohnXs¯

[\yam¡ p¶p. C§s\ ]e \ne-bv-¡ pw a\pjy³ arK§fn

 \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXncnIvXamb hyIvXnXzw sh¨p ]peÀ

¯ p¶h\mWv.Cu hyXncnIvXX a\pjys³ d GsX¦nepsam

cp Ahbh¯ ns³ d {]tXyIXbÃ.`uXnIamb Afhp tIm

epIfp]tbmKn¨ v AXv Af¡ pI km[yhpaÃ. P´ p klP

aÃm¯ Fs´ Ãmw a\pjy\nept­m AsXÃmw Xs¶ "BXv

amhn's³ d {]hÀ¯ \§fmsW¶v aXw ]dbp¶p.Cu "BXv

amhv' a\pjy\pth­n {kjvSmhv {]tXyIambn Zm\w sNbv

XXmWv. a®n \n¶pw a\pjycq]w krjvSn¨ tijw AÃm

lp Ahs³ d BXvamhn \n¶pw B cq]¯ n DuXp¶

tXmsSbmWv a\pjys\¶ DÂ IrjvS krjvSnbpsS P\\ap

­mbsX¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv.

a\pjy³ , a®ns³ dbpw BXvamhns³ dbpw ka\zb

amWv. Ah\n a®nt³ dXmb FÃm KpW§fpap­v; hni

a\pjy³ Page 50

¸pw Zmlhpw hnImchpsaÃmw BXvamhns³ d FÃmhn[ Zo

]vXnIfpw Ah¶I¯ v {]Imin¸n¡ m\mhpw. kvt\lw, Zb,

IcpW,kmtlmZcyw,[mÀanIt_m[w F¶nhsbÃmw BXvam

hns³ d kz`mh§fs{X.tIm]hpw {IqcXbpw Im]Syhpw A

[mÀanI {]hÀ¯ \§fpsaÃmw BXvamhns³ d ]cnip² nsb

If¦s¸Sp¯ pw. kZvkz`mhhpw tkh\k¶² Xbpw k·\

Ê pw BXvamÀYXbpsaÃmw BXvamhns³ t{]mPvPzeam¡ pw.

CXmWv CÆ njbIamb JpÀB\ns³ d ho£ Ww.

]cnWmahmZw ]cmPbs¸Sp¶p

a\pjys³ d am{Xw khntijXbmb [mÀanIt_m[

s¯ Poh]cnWma¯ ns³ d ASnkvYm\¯ n hymJym\n¡ p

hm³ `uXnIhmZnIÄ {ian¨ n«ps­¦nepw AhsbÃmw ]cm

Pbs¸SpI am{XamWv sNbvXn«pÅ Xv. CÆ njbIambn _À

{Sm³ dv dÊ Â FgpXp¶Xv t\m¡ pI: "\·Xn·Isf Ipdn¨ p

Å \½ psS hnImchnNmc§Ä , \s½ kw_\v[n¡ p¶ asä

Ãm Imcy§fnepsa¶t]mse \ne\n ]n\pth­nbpÅ \½ p

sS PohnXkac¯ n \n¶v Dcp¯ ncnbp¶ kzm`mhnI hkv

XpXIÄ am{XamWv.Ahbv¡ v {]IrXymXoXamtbm ssZhnI

amtbm bmsXmcp DÂ ]¯ nbpanÃ' (Bert rand Russel: Why I am

not a Christian, P. 73) CtX Bibw Xs¶ tdmPÀkv s]dn Ipd

¨p IqSn hyIvXambn ]cmaÀin¡ p¶Xv {i² n¡ pI.

"akvXnjvI {]{InbIfpsS kzm`mhnI KpWhntij

§fmWv am\pjnIaqey§Ä . Ahbv¡ v kzX{´ amb \ne\n

 ]ps­¶v IcpXn, Ahsb IrXyambn akvXnjvI{]{Inb

bn \n¶v thÀXncn¨ v \nÀ¯ pIhgn \mw bpIvXnhnNmc]c

amb Nn´ m¡ pg¸w £ Wn¨p hcp¯ pI am{XamWv sN¿ p¶

Xv.akvXnjvI¯ ns³ d {]hÀ¯ \§Ä DÅ nte¡ v hcp¶ h

a\pjy³ Page 51

kvXp¡ fpambn {]Xn{]hÀ¯ n¡ pIbpw Ahsb aqey§fm

bn cq]m´ cs¸Sp¯ pIbpw sN¿ p¶p' (Rogger Sperry: Science

and Moral Priority. P. 141).

ChnsS, D-¯ cw \Â Is¸tS­- H«\h[n {]iv\§fp

­v. akvXnjvI {]{InbbpsS ^eambn«mWv aqey§Ä Dcp

¯ ncnbp¶sX¦n FÃm a\pjycpw Htc cq]¯ n aqey

§fn \nÀ_\v[ ]qÀÆw \bn¡ s¸tS­XtÃ? Htc amXm

hns³ d a¡ fn Xs¶ HcmÄ Zbmephpw asämcmÄ {Iqc\p

ambn amdp¶sX§s\bmWv? akvXnjvIw hfÀ¶v hnIkn¨

hcmsW¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ imkv{XPvRÀ kzmÀYX¡ pth­n

A\ymbamb a\pjy¡ pcpXn¡ v Iq«p\n ¡ p¶sX´ p sIm

­v? \ne\n ]n\p th­nbpÅ PohnXkac¯ n \n¶v Dcp

¯ ncnª XmWv aqey§sf¶ hmZ{]Imcw,Hcp arKw am{Xam

b a\pjy\v \ne\n ¡ phm³ aäv arK§fptSXn \n¶v hy

XykvXamb Ipsd aqey§Ä ]cnKWn¡ s¸SWsa¶v ]dbp

¶Xns³ d ASnkvYm\sa´ mWv? aäv arK§sft¸mse Pohn

¨m Ah\v \ne\n ¡ phm³ km[yasö AhkvY kw

PmXambXv F§s\bmWv? A\phZn¡ s¸«Xpw hne¡ s¸«

Xpamb hyXymkw t\m¡ msX `£ W¯ n\p th­n GXv am

ÀKhpw kzoIcn¡ pIsb¶ BbmkclnXamb ]mX Ft´

a\pjy³ ssIhn«pIfª Xv? amXmhpw ktlmZcnbpsa¶

hyXymkanÃmsX ssewKnI _\v[¯ nteÀs¸SpIsb¶ kz

X{´ amb \ne]mSn \n¶v a\pjy³ ]n´ ncnª Xv F´ p

sIm­mWv? hnthN\clnXamb ssewKnI_\v[§fpsS ^

eambn arK§Ä ¡ p­mhm¯ amcIamb ssewKnItcmK§

Ä F§s\bmWv a\pjys³ d am{Xw {]tXyIXbmbn amdn

bXv? C¯ cw tNmZy§Ä ¡ v ap¼ n `uXnI hmZw D¯ cw

a\pjy³ Page 52

ap«n \n ¡ pIbmWv.

a\pjys³ d am{Xw khntijXbmb ]tcm]ImtcNv

O¡ pw XymK¯ n\pw aäpw hniZoIcWw \ Ip¶Xn `u

XnI imkv{X§Ä apgph³ ]cmPbs¸«ncn¡ pIbmWv. a\p

jys³ d Zbmhmbv]pw kzPoh³ t]mepw aäpÅ hÀ¡ mbn Xy

Pn¡ phm\pÅ k¶² Xbpw UmÀhns³ d ]cnWmahmZ¯ n

s³ d hniZoIcW¯ n\v hg§p¶XÃ. {]IrXn \nÀ[mcW kn

² m´ {]Imcw XnI¨pw kzmÀY Xm ]cy§Ä ¡ mbn {ian

¡ p¶ PohPmXnIÄ ¡ mWv \ne\n ¡ m³ IqSpX Ignbp

I. kz´ w \· am{XamWv AhbpsS e£ yw. Cu e£ yam

Wv \ne\n ]n\v B[mcw. kz´ w Po\pIfpsS {]Xn\n[nI

sf hÀ[n¸n¡ p¶Xn\mbn Ah kZm t]mcmSns¡ m­ncn¡ p

¶p.\ne\n ]n\pth­nbpÅ kacw (Struggle for existence) F

¶ ]cnWmahmZ¯ nse kmt¦XnI i_vZw sIm­v Cu t]m

cm«amWv hnh£ n¡ s¸Sp¶Xv.hyIvXnKX t\«§Ä am{Xam

Wv {]IrXnbn ]nSn¨ p\n ¡ m\pÅ am\ZWvUsa¶v UmÀ

hn³ hmZn¡ p¶p. At¸mÄ ]ns¶sb§s\bmWv P´ p¡

fn \n¶v ]cnWan¨p­mb a\pjy\n kzmÀYXbÃm¯

asämcp kz`mhw hfÀ¶v hnIkn¡ p¶Xv? Zb, ]tcm]Im

cw, £ a, XymK a\kvYnXn F¶nh aäv arK§fptSXnt\¡ m

Ä IpdhmtI­ PohnbmWv ]cnWmahmZ{]Imcw a\pjy³

kzmÀYX¡ v am{XamWtÃm \ne\n ¡ m\pÅ AÀlX t\

SnsbSp¡ m³ IgnbpI.

aqey\ntj[¯ ns³ d ]SpIpgnbnÂ

]ZmÀY¯ n \n¶v hyXykvXamb bmsXmcp AkvXn

Xzhpw a\pjy\v IÂ ]n¡ phm³ Xb-mdÃm¯ hÀ Ahkm\

ambn sN¶phogpI aqey \ntj[¯ ns³ d ]SpIpgnbn X

a\pjy³ Page 53

s¶bmWv. tIhe am\hnIXbpsS ASnkvYm\¯ n am{Xw

aqey§sf \nÀWbn¡ msa¶v hmZn¡ p¶ lyqa\nkväpIÄ

BtKmfmSnkvYm\¯ n kwLSn¨ n«ps­¦nepw Hcp BtKm

f aqeyk¦Â ]w hfÀ¯ nsbSp¡ p¶Xn CXphsc hnPbn

¨ n«nÃ. {_n«Wnse bpIvXnhmZ kwLS\bmb "\mjWÂ

sk¡ peÀ skmsskän'bpsS {]knU³ dmb _mÀ_d kvtam

¡ À FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: "hnhmtlXc ssewKnI_\v[§

sf A¸msS lyqa\nkväpIÄ ]gn¡ p¶nÃ', "Bscbpw t{Zmln

¡ msXbpw kz´ w CNvO BcpsStaepw ASnt¨Â ]n¡ msX

bpapÅ ssewKnI _\v[§Ä A\phZn¡ s¸Smw'. "F¶m

 BhiyanÃmsX(?) Hcp iniphn\v P·w sImSp¡ p¶Xv k

ZmNmc hncp² amsW¶v am\hnI ]£ ¡ mÀ IcpXp¶p'. "F

¶m Htc enwK¯ n s]« c­v {]mb]qÀ¯ nbmb BfpI

Ä ]ckv]cw ssewKnIkpJw ]¦nSp¶Xn\v Xocpam\n¨mÂ

AXn sXänà F¶mWv am\hnI]£ w. AXn\memWv aäp

Nne ]ptcmKa\mib¡ mcpsS kwL§tfmsSm¸w tNÀ¶v

lyqa\nkväpIÄ kzhÀKcXnsb hne¡ p¶ \nba¯ ns\Xn

sc {]Nmcthe \S¯ nbXv' (Barbara Smoker: Humanism,P. 82,83)

{_n«Wnse lyqa\nkväpIfpsS kZmNmc k¦Â ]{]Imcw

hy`nNmchpw kzhÀKcXnbpw sXäsöv CXn \n¶v hyIvX

amWtÃm. C´ ybnse "lypa\nkväpIÄ ' X§fmsW¶v sIm

«ntLmjn¡ p¶ bpIvXnhmZn kwL¯ ns³ d hIvXm¡ Ä ¡ v

Cu kZmNmc k¦Â ]w kzoIcn¡ phm³ Ignbptam? 1990 P

\phcnbn \yqU lnbn sh¨ v \S¶ C´ y³ bpIvXnhm

Zn kwL¯ ns³ d tZiob kt½ f\w DZvLmS\w sNbvXbm

fmWv _mÀ_d kvtam¡ À. ]t£ , AhcpsS kZmNmc k¦

 ]w kzoIcn¡ phm³ C´ y³ bpIvXnhmZn {]kvYm\¯ n

s³ d XmXznImNmcys\¶v Adnbs¸Sp¶ CSadpIn\pt]mepw

a\pjy³ Page 54

km[n¡ pIbnÃ. CSadpIns³ d ]p{Xn KoXbpsS `À¯ mhmb

bqtdm]y³ k©mcn tbmcm³ kvImÀWÀ FgpXp¶Xv Im

WpI: "hnhmlw \nba]cambn cPnkväÀ sN¿ p¶Xp hsc

Fs³ d IqsS ]pds¯ hnsSsb¦nepw t]mcm³ AhÀ (CSa

dpIpw `mcybpw) KoXsb A\phZn¨ nÃ. C´ y³ kaqlw hn

hml ]qÀh_\v[§sf Hcn¡ epw AwKoIcn¡ pIbnÃ. ]m

ivNmXy cmPy§fn \nehnepÅ tUänwKv k{¼ Zmbs¯

F{X ]ptcmKa\hmZnbmb C´ y¡ mc\pw kzoIcn¡ m³ Ign

bpIbnÃ' (tbmcm³ kvImÀWÀþ C´ ybpsS Bbncw apJ

§Ä . ]pdw: 29). Cw¥­nepw C´ ybnepw s]mXphmb HXp

aqeyk¦Â ]w hfÀ¯ nsbSp¡ m³ t]mepw Ignbm¯ hÀ¡ v

F§s\bmWv X§Ä am\hXmhmZnIfmsW¶v AhImi

s¸Sm³ IgnbpI?

[mÀanI \nba§Ä a\pjys³ d kzX{´ amb Akv

XnXz¯ n\v A\nhmcyamsW¶v \mw I­p. ]t£ , Cu \nb

a§Ä BhnjvI-cnt¡ ­Xv BcmsW¶ {]iv\w _m¡ n \n

 ¡ p¶p­v. Hmtcmcp¯ cpw X§fpsS CjvS{]Imcw kZm

Nmc \nba§Ä BhnjvI-cn¨m F§s\bncn¡ psa¶Xn

\pÅ DZmlcWamWv kvtam¡ dpsS ]pkvXI¯ n \mw I

­Xv. a\pjys³ d \ne\n ]n¶mhiyamb \nba§Ä a\p

jyÀ Xs¶ \nÀan¨m Ahbn {]amZ§fp­mhpsa¶Xn

\pÅ sXfnhmWXv. At¸mÄ a\pjy\Ãm¯ , a\pjys³ d kz

`mh§sf¡ pdn¨ v icn¡ dnbmhp¶ Hcp \nba hnZKv² \mbn

cn¡ Ww Ah¶mhiyamb \nba§Ä BhnjvI-cn¡ p¶Xv.

A¯ cw \nba§Ä ¡ ÃmsX kmÀhImenIXzw AhImis¸

Sm³ IgnbnÃ; ChnsSbmWv ssZhnI amÀK ZÀi\¯ ns³ d

{]kIvXn \ap¡ v t_m[yamIp¶Xv.

a\pjy³ Page 55

A-©v-

am\hnIX

{]-Ir-Xn-sb- D-]tbm-Kn¡ m³ - I-gn-bp¶- G-I-Po-hn-bm-b-

a-\p-jy-\v- CÆ n-j-b-I-amb- ssZ-hn-I- amÀK-- \nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä - B

hiyamWv.- ssZ-hn-I-amÀ-K- \nÀ-tZ-i-§-fp-sS- ASnkv-Ym\-¯ n-e

Ãm-sXbp-Å -- {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- D]-t`mKw a-\p-jy-hÀ-K-¯ n-s³ -d- X

s¶- \mi-¯ n-\v- am-{X-ta- tl-Xp-hm-Ip-Ibp-Å q.- a\p-jy³ - F

§s\- a-\p-jy-\m-bn- Po-hn-¡ W-sa-¶v- a-\pjy-\-Ãm-¯ - H-cp- D-

¶-Xm-kv-XnXz-¯ n-\v- am-{Xta- ]-d-ª p- X-cm-\mhq.- {kjv-Sm-h-Ãm

sX- kr-jv-Sn-I-fn-sem-¶pw Xs¶- a\p-jy-sc-¡ mÄ - D¶-X-c-sÃ

¶v- \ap¡ -dn-bmw.- A-t¸mÄ - {k-jv-Sm-hn-s³ -d- X-s¶- amÀ-K-\nÀ

tZi-§Ä - e`n-¡ -Ww \ap-¡ v-.-Ckvem-an-s³ -d- Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn- - {]

hm-N-I-·mÀ- apgp-h³ - A-h-XoÀ-W-am-b-Xv- Cu-sbm-cp- e£ y¯ n

\v- th-­n-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- a\p-jyÀ- F-§-s\- a-\p-jy-cm-bn- Po-hn-

¡ -W-sa-¶v- ]-d-ª p- sIm-Sp-¡ m³ -;- ssZ-hn-I-amÀ-K-\nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä -

{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn- Pohn-X-¯ n - ]-IÀ-¯ n- X-§-fp-sS- k-l-Po

hn-IÄ -¡ v- amXr-I-I-fm-hm³ - th-­n-bm-Wv- ssZ-hn-I- t_m-[-\w-

e-`n-¨ - AkwJyw- {]-hm-NI·mÀ- Cu- tem-I-¯ n-te-¡ v- h-¶Xv.-

C-kv-eman-s³ -d- km-t¦-Xn-I- i-_v-Z-am-b- "cnkm-e-¯ v'- {]-Xn-\n-[o-

I-cn-¡ p-¶-Xv- Cu- B-i-b-s¯ -bm-Wv.- ssZ-h-hpw- a-\p-jy-cpw- X

½ n- -,- B-Im-i-hpw- `q-an-bpw- X-½ n ,- cnkm-e-¯ n-eq-sS- _-\v-[

s¸Sp-¶p.-

{]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- ssZ-h-§-tfm- Zn-hymw-i-ap-Å -h-tcm- B

sW-¶v- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-¸n-¡ p-¶n-Ã.-"a-\p-jyÀ- `q-an-bn - F´ m-bn-

¯ oc-W-tam,-- B-Im-i-¯ n-ep-Å - ssZ-hw- C-d-§n-h-¶v- A-Xm-bn-

¯ oÀ-¶v- amXr-I-bm-hp-I'-sb-¶- A-h-Xm-c- k-¦Â -]-hp-am-bn- C-

a\pjy³ Page 56

kv-em-anse- {]hm-N-I-X-z¯ n-ep-Å - hn-izm-kw- Xm-Xz-nI- ssh-cp-

[-yw- ]p-eÀ-¯ p-¶p.- a\p-jy-cp-sS- k-I-e-hn-[- N-]-e-X-I-tfm-Spw-

Iq-Sn- ssZ-hw- C-d-§n- h-cp-¶p-sh-¶- hm-Zw- kÀ-h-i-Iv-X-s³ -d- ]-

cn-ip-² n-sb- I-f-¦-s¸ -Sp-¯ p-I-bmWv- sN-¿ p-¶-Xv.- a-\p-jyÀ- F

§-s\- Po-hn-¡ -W-sa-¶v- ssZhw- a-\p-jy-cq-]w- ]q-­p-ImWn¨p-

X-cn-I-sb-¶- k-¦Â -]w- Xs¶- AÀYan-Ãm-¯ -Xm-Wv.- kÀ-h-i-Iv

X-\m-Wv- ssZ-hw.-A-h¶v- `-£ -W-tam- hn-Im-c]qÀ-¯ o-I-c-W-tam-

B-h-iyan-Ã.-A-h³ - a-\pjy-cq]¯ n - C-d-§n-h-¶m-epw- hn-Im

-c-§-tfm- am-\pjy-I-am-b- tNmZ-\-I-tfm- C-Ãm-sX- \n-e-\n ¡ mw.-

F-¶m - a-\p-jy-t\m?- ssZ-hs¯ -- A-\p-I-cn-¨ p-sIm-­v- `-£

W]m-\o-b-§-tfm- ssh-Im-cn-I- ]qÀ-¯ o-I-c-W-tam- C-Ãm-sX- Po-

hn-¡ p-I- A-h-¶v- A-km[-yw.- ssZ-h-aÃ;- a\p-jy-cm-Wv- a-\p-jy

À-¡ p-Å - am-Xr-I-Ifmbn- h-tc-­-Xv.-ssZ-hnI-amÀ-K-\nÀ-tZ-i¯ n-

s\m-¯ v- a-\p-jy³ - F-§n-s\- Po-hn-¡ -W-sa¶v- {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am

bn- Im-Wn-¨ p- sIm-Sp-t¡ -­-Xv- a-\p-jy-cn -\n-¶p-Å - {]-Xn-\n-[n

Ifm-Wv.-

]qÀ-W-cm-b- a\pjyÀ!-

{]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- ]-¨ -bm-b- a-\p-jy-cm-bn-cp-¶p.-A-hÀ¡ pw-

hn-i¸pw- Zm-l-hp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p.-D-d-¡ -hpw- hn-{i-a-hp-am-h-iyam

bn-cp-¶p.- kt´ m-j-hpw- k-´ m-]-hp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p.- `m-cy-am-cpw-

Ip-«n-I-fp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p:- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- F-Ãm- k-z-`m-h-§-fpw- A

hÀ-¡ p-­m-bncp-¶p.- ]-t£ ,- hn-i-¡ pt¼ mÄ - A-\y-s³ -d- k-¼ -¯ v-

A-]-l-cn-¡ m-³ - A-hÀ- Xb-m-dm-bn-Ã.- ssew-Kn-I-Zm-lw- i-an-¸n¡ m

³ - hy-`n-Nm-c--¯ n-e-hÀ GÀ-s¸ -«n-Ã.- kt´ m-j-¯ n - a-Xn-a-d-¶v-

A-hÀ- Iq-¯ m-Sn-bn-Ã.- k-´ m-]m-h-k-c-§-fn - a-Z-y-¯ n-epw- a-b

¡ p -a-cp-¶p-I-fn-epw- AhÀ- A-`-bw- tX-Sn-bn-Ã.- `m-cy-amÀ-¡ p-th-

­n- A-]-c-t\m-S-hÀ- A-\o-Xn- {]-hÀ-¯ n-¨ n-Ã.- Ip-«n-I-sf- t]mäm

a\pjy³ Page 57

\m-bn- A-{I-a-amÀK-§-fn-e-hÀ- ]Ww- k¼ m-Zn-¨ n-Ã.- A-hÀ- a-\p

jy-cm-bn-cp-¶p.- ]qÀWcm-b- a\pjyÀ!-

hy-Xy-kv-X- k-aq-l-§-fn - {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- h-¶p,-- A-h

cp-sS- ZuXyw- \nÀ-h-ln-¨ p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p.- a-\p-jy -[n-j-W-bp-sS-

hfÀ-¨ -¡ -\p-k-cn-¨ v- \n-b-a-\nÀ-tZ-i-§-fn - \n-Ê m-c-am-b- am-ä§-

fp-­m-bn.- ]t£ ,- ASn-kv-Ym-\-]c-am-bn-- ssZ-h-¯ n-s³ -d- {]-hm-

N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- ]-d-ª -Xv- H-¶p-X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- "A-Jn-emWvU-

hpw- ]-S-¨ v- ]-cn-]men-¡ p-¶h-s\-- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-¡ p-I-;- A-h-³ - A

-b-¨ - {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc A-\p-k-cn-¡ p-I'.- k-aq-lw- h-fÀ-¶p-sIm

­n-cp-¶p. -{]-hm-NI-·m-sc-Ãmw- X-§-fp-sS- {]-t_m-[-\-§-tfmsSm-

¸w-X-s¶- A-h-km\w- h-cm-\n-cn-¡ p¶,-tem-Im-h-km-\w-h-scbp-

Å - a-\p-jyÀ-¡ v- apgp-h³ - am-Xr-I-bm-hm³ - sIÂ -¸p-ä H-cp- alm

-{]-hm-N-I-s\-¡ p-dn-¨ v- ZoÀ-L -ZÀ-i\w- sN-bv-Xp.-

ap-l-½ -Zv-() -- Cu- tem-I-¯ n-se- A-h-km-\-s¯ - a-\p-jy

³ -h-sc-bp-Å - k-I-e-cp-sS-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv.-A-t±-l-¯ n-s³ -d-

c-l-ky-hpw- ]-c-ky-hp-am-b- Po-hn-Xw- ap-gp-h³ - \-ap-¡ v- ap-¶n -

Xp-d-¶v sh-¡ -s¸ -«n-cn-¡ p-¶p.- tem-I-¯ v- a-säm-cp- t\-Xm-hn-s³ d

bpw- Po-hnXw- A-t±-l-¯ n-s³ -d- Po-hn-X-s¯ -t¸m-se- tc-J-s¸ -Sp-

¯ -s¸ -«n-«n-Ã.- A§-s\- tc-J-s¸ -Sp-¯ -s¸ -«m - B-Z-c-Wo-b-cmb-

]-e- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-§fpw- A-\m-Z-c-Wo-b-cm-bn- am-dpw.-]-t£ ,- {]-hm-

N-I-s³ -d- Po-hn-Xw- t\m-¡ q.- A-t±-l-¯ n-s³ -d- Ip-fn-ap-dn- ap-XÂ -

In-S-¸ -d-h-sc-bp-Å - Pohn-Xw- ap-gp-h³ - \ap-¡ v- am-Xr-Im-tbmK-y

am-Wv. - A-t±-lw- ]qÀW-\m-b- H-cp- ap-kven-am-bn-cp-¶p.- A-Y-hm,-am

\p-jn-I- Kp-W-§-sf-Ãmw- {]Xn-_nw-_n-¨ n-cp-¶- a-lm-\m-b- H-cp- a-

\p-jy³ .- X-¶n - ssZ-hn-I-Xbp-s­-¶v- A-t±-lw- A-h-Im-is¸ -

«n-«n-Ã.- A-Xn-am-\p-j-Kp-W-§-fpÅ - hyIv-Xn-bm-Wv- Xm-s\-¶v- A

t±-lw- hm-Zn-¨ n-«p-anÃ.- A-t±-lw- ]-dª p.- Xm-s\m-cp- ap-kv-en-amsW

a\pjy³ Page 58

-¶v-;-ssZ-h-¯ n-\v- kz-Po-hn-X-s¯ - k¼ qÀW-am-bn- k-aÀ-¸n-¡ pI-

h-gn- a-\p-jy-Xz-¯ n-s³ -d- D-Zm-¯ o-I-c-Ww- km[n-¨ - H-cp- a\p-jy

\m-sW-¶v.- kz-Po-hn-X-¯ n-s³ -d- amX-r-I-bneq-sS- A-t\-Iw- ap-kv

enwIÄ -¡ v- P·w- \Â -In-b- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I-\mbn-cp-¶p ap

l½ -Zv-().-

ap-l-½ -Zn() -eq-sS- tem-I-¯ n-\v- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡ -s¸ -«- th-Z-

{K-\v-Y-am-I-s«-- H-tc-ka-b-¯ v- amÀ-K-ZÀ-i-I sh-fn-]m-Spw- A-tXm

sSm-¸w- A-am-\p-jn-I Zr-jv-Sm-´ -hp-am-Wv.- AXn - {]-Xn-]m-Zn-¡

s¸«- X¯ -z-§Ä - a\p-jy-s³ -d- `u-Xn-I-]p-tcm-K-Xn-s¡ -Xn-c-Ã.- ]

t£ ,-"]p-tcm-K-an-¨ p'- ar-K-am-hm³ - km-[y-X-bp-Å - a-\p-jys³ -d-

Po-hn-X-¯ n-s³ d- Hm-tcm- cw-K-§-fn-epw- kzo-I-cn-t¡ -­- \nb-a-\n

À-tZ-i-§-f-Xv- DÄ -s¡ m-Å p-¶p.-A-Xn-se- G-sX-¦n-ep-sam-cp- \nb-

aw- A-{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW-¶v- ]-d-bp-I- km-[y-a-Ã.- Im-e-l-c-Ws¸-

«- H-cp- \nÀ-tZ-i-hpw- A-Xv- DÄ -s¡ m-Å p-¶n-Ã.-A-h-km-\-\m-fp-h

-scbp-Å -hÀ-¡ v- amÀ-K-ZÀ-i-\w- \Â -Im³ - I-gn-bp-¶- H-tc-sbm-cp-

{K-\v-Yw!- A-Xm-Wv- JpÀ-B³ .- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-§-fp-sS- ]p-dw- N-«-bWn-

ª - asäm-cp- {K-\v-Y¯ n-\pw - Cu- ]-cn-ip-² n- Ah-Im-i-s¸ -Sm³ -

I-gn-bn-Ã.-A-Xv- H-¶p-In - "hn-ip-² '-·m-cp-sS- A-sÃ-¦n - ]p-tcm-

ln-X-·m-cp-sS- A-Xp-a-sÃ-¦n - E-jn-am-cp-sS- c-N-\-I-fm-Wv.- JpÀ

B-\m-I-s« ssZ-hnI- sh-fn-]m-SpI-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c-am-Wv.- apl

½ Zv-() \nÀ-an-¨ - H-scm-sä- h-N-\w- t]m-epw- JpÀ-B-\n-en-Ã.- ssZ

hw- A-t±-l-¯ n-\v- Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨ p -sImSp-¯ -X-s{X- A-Xn-se- Hm-

tcm- A-£ -c-§-fpw.-im-kv-{X- km-t¦-Xn-I- cw-K-§-fn - a-\p-jy³ -

Ip-Xn-¨ p-b-cp-w- tX-m-dpw- JpÀ-B-\nsâ -- A-{]-am-Z-n-Xz-hpw- AXp-ey

X-bpw- ssZ-hn-I-X-bpw- Iq-Sp-XÂ - IqSp-XÂ - sh-fn-s¸ -«p- sIm-­n-

cn-¡ p-I-bm-Wv.

a\pjy³ Page 59

JpÀ-B\pw- \-_n-N-cy-bp-a-\p-k-cn-¨ v- Po-hn-¡ p-I-b-s{X- a-

\p-jy³ - hn-tam-Nn-X-cm-hm-\p-Å - amÀ-Kw.-A-h- c-­n-\pw- am-{X-ta-

am-\-hn-I-X-sb- Zo-]v-X-am-¡ m-\m-hq.- a-\p-jy-hÀ-K-s¯ - \-bn-¡ m

³ - I-gn-bq.-

A´ na {]hmNI\mb apl½ Zv \_n()tbmSv ]S¨

X¼ pcm³ {]Jym]n¡ m³ IÂ ]n¡ p¶ hN\w ChnsS {]k

IvXamWv:-

""]dbpI: Rm³ \n§sft¸mepÅ Hcp a\pjy³ am

{XamIp¶p. \n§fpsS ssZhw GIssZhamsW¶v F\n¡ v

t_m[\w \Â Is¸Sp¶p'' (hn.JpÀ-B³ - 18:20). {]hmNI·m

scÃmw FÃm AÀY¯ nepw a\pjycmbncp¶p; P\§sf k

Xy amÀK¯ nte¡ v £ Wn¡ m\mhiyamb t_m[\w \Â I

s¸«ncp¶hcmbncp¶p AhÀ F¶pam{Xw.

imkv{X¯ ns³ d A]cym]vXX

\·bpw Xn·bpw thÀXncn¡ p¶ AXncv I­p]nSn¡ m

³ `uXnI X¯ z imkv{X§Ä D]tbmKn¨Xv imkv{X¯ ns³ d

kmt¦XnI amÀK§sfbmWv. ]t©{µnb§fpsS ]cn[n¡

¸pd¯ v H¶pansöv imTyw]nSn¨ `uXnIhmZ¯ n\v ap¼ nÂ

aäv amÀK§sfm¶panÃmbncp¶psh¶v ]dbp¶Xmhpw icn.

imkv{X¯ ns³ d ]mX \·bpw Xn·bpw thÀ Xncn¨dnbp¶

Xn\v Xosc A]cym]vXamsW¶v IqSpXsem¶pw Nn´ n¡ m

sX Xs¶ a\Ê nem¡ m\mhpw. A[zm\n¨ v k¼ mZn¡ p¶ [m

\y aWnIfpw A\ys³ d ]¯ mb¸pcbn \n¶v Is«Sp¡ p¶

[m\yaWnIfpw X½ n ckX{´ ¯ ns³ dtbm `uXnIimkv

{X¯ ns³ dtbm H¶pw amÀK§fp]tbmKn¨ v hyXymkw I

­p ]nSn¡ pI km[yaÃ. F¶m \½ nse [mÀanIt_m[w

a\pjy³ Page 60

]dbp¶Xv H¶v \·bpw atäXv Xn·bpamsW¶v Xs¶bmWv.

`mcym`ÀXr _\v[¯ neqsSbp­mhp¶ Ipª pw hy`nNmc

¯ neqsSbp­mhp¶ Ipª pw X½ n Pohimkv{X kmt¦

XnI XXz§fp]tbmKn¨ v ]cntim[n¨m hyXymksam¶pw

ImWpIbnÃ.sshhmlnI _\v[¯ nepw hy`nNmc¯ nepw H

tc ssPh\nba§fmWv ]men¡ s¸Sp¶Xv. ]t£ , hnhmlw

]cnip² amsW¶pw hy`nNmcw \nIrjvSamsW¶pw \½ nse

aqeyt_m[w ]dbp¶p. \·bpw Xn·bpw hnthNn¡ p¶Xn\v

imkv{X¯ ns³ d amÀK§Ä Xosc A]cym]vXamsW¶ h

kvXpXbmWnhnsS A\mhrXamhp¶Xv.

AÃmlphns³ d t_m[\¯ n\\pkcn¨mWv {]hmNI

·mÀ Pohn¨sX¶v ]dª phtÃm. [Àas¯ bpw A[Àas¯

bpw hyIvXamb AXnÀhc¼ v Xncn¨ v thÀXncn¡ phm³ km

[n¨ n«pÅ GI ZÀi\w Ckvemas{X.{]hmNI³ A\phZn¨

Imcy§sfÃmw \·bpw \ntcm[n¨ Imcy§sfÃmw Xn·bpam

sW¶mWv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv. \·Xn·Isf {]hmNI

PohnXhpambn _\v[n¸n¡ m¯ GsXmcp coXnimkv{Xhpw ]

cmPbs¸Spw. tZiobXt¡ m hwiobXt¡ m `mjt¡ m bpIv

Xnt¡ m H¶pwXs¶ kvYmbnbmb \·sb¡ pdn¨ v ]dbm\m

hnÃ. AXn\v ssZhnIZÀi\w Xs¶ thWw; AÃmlphns³ d

t_m[\¯ n\\pkcn¨ v Pohn¨ {]hmNI\nemWv \ap¡ v D

¯ a amXrI Is­¯ m\mhpIsb¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n

¡ p¶Xv.

""XoÀ¨bmbpw \n§Ä ¡ v AÃmlphns³ d ZqX\n D

¯ aamb amXrIbp­v'' (33:21).B amXrIbmWv \·sbbpw

Xn·sbbpw thÀXncn¡ p¶Xv. A´ y{]hmNIs³ d sNbvXn

Ifpw samgnIfpsaÃmw \ap¡ v ap¶n Xpd¶v InS¡ p¶p­v.

a\pjy³ Page 61

Hmtcm hnjb§fnepapÅ \· Xn·Isf¡ pdn¨ amÀKZÀi

\w \ap¡ v Ahbn \n¶v e`n¡ pw. ssZhnIt_m[\¯ ns³ d

ASnkvYm\¯ neÃmsX \·Xn·Isf hnthNn¡ m³ ]pds¸

«m Znhk§Ä IgnbpwtXmdpw \·Xn·Isf amän \nÀhNn

t¡ ­n hcpw.

{]hmNI·mÀ a\pjycmIm\mWv P\§sf D]tZin

¨ ncp¶sX¶v ]dª phtÃm. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw hyIvXam

t¡ ­Xps­¶v tXm¶p¶p. amemJamcpsS AhkvYbnte

¡ v a\pjysc "DbÀ¯ pI'bmWv aX§Ä sNt¿ ­sX¶ H

cp [mcW s]mXpshbp­v. CXv Ckvemans\ kw_\v[n¨ nS

t¯ mfw icnbÃ.amemJamcpsS hnImc§fnÃm¯ AhkvY

bnte¡ v a\pjy\v F¯ nt¨cm³ IgnbnÃ. A§s\ F¯ p

hm³ Bsc¦nepw {ian¡ p¶ps­¦n ,AXv a\pjys³ d k

hntijmkvXnXzt¯ mSv sN¿ p¶ A{IaamWv. kzX{´ amb

AkvXnXzt¯ mSp IqSn `qanbnse `mKt[bw \nÀhln¡ pI

sb¶ D¯ chmZn¯ ¯ n \n¶pÅ Hfnt¨m«w am{XamWXv.

hnImc§fpsS \nÀaqe\¯ neqsSbpÅ DZm¯ oIcWw F

¶ Bibw Nne jWvU·mcpsS ZuÀ_eyw ad¨psh¡ m³

klmbIamhpsa¦nepw s]mXpsh A{]mtbmKnIhpw Akzo

ImcyhpamWXv. am\hnIamb AÀY¯ neqsSbpÅ DZm¯ o

IcWw km[yamth­Xv kz´ amb AkvXnXz¯ ns³ d ]qÀW

amb {]Imi\¯ neqsSbmWv; AYhm, k¼ qÀW\mb a\p

jy\mIp¶XneqsSbmWv; \ÃsXÃmw A\p`hn¡ m\pw Zpjn

¨sXÃmw hÀPn¡ m\pw k¶² \mb apkvenamIp¶XneqsS

bmWv.

{]Xo£ tbmsSbpÅ PohnXw

`uXnI ZÀi\§fpsS ]n¶n t]mbhÀs¡ Ãmw A

a\pjy³ Page 62

hkm\w ZpxJhpw \ncmibpamWv e`n¨ n«pÅ Xv.`qanbn kz

ÀK cmPyw ]Wnbm\mbn X§sfmgp¡ nb hnbÀ¸v apgph³

hrYmhnembnt¸mbtÃm F¶ \ncmimt_m[w hn¹h§Ä

¡ v sImSn]nSn¨hsc ]et¸mgpw ab¡ pacp¶pIÄ ¡ v ASna

Ifm¡ n amänbn«p­v. `qXImes¯ ¡ pdn¨ ZpxJkvacWIfpw

`mhnsb¡ pdn¨ `b¸mSpw Ahsc th«bmSns¡ m­ncn¡ p

¶p. Cu `qanbn ZpxJhpw \ncmibpw \msf ]ctemI¯ v

imizXamb `b¸mSpw IjvS¸mSpamWhÀ¡ v e`n¡ p¶Xv.

ssZhnI ZÀi\ {]ImcapÅ PohnXamIs«, ZpxJ§

fpw ZpcnX§fpanÃmsX apt¶m«pt]mIm³ a\pjysc {]m]v

Xcm¡ p¶p. PohnX¯ n A\p`hnt¡ ­n hcp¶ {]iv\§

sf [ocambn t\cnSphm³ Ah¶v Icp¯ v \Â Ip¶p. {]bm

k§fp­mhpt¼ mÄ £ an¡ phm³ AXv a\pjysc t{]cn¸n

¡ p¶p. acWm\´ c PohnXs¯ ¡ pdn¨ {]Xo£ a\pjysc

FÃm AÀY¯ nepw [mÀanIt_m[apÅ hcm¡ n amäp¶p.Cu

temI¯ v ZpxJ§fnÃm¯ Hcp PohnXhpw ]ctemI¯ v im

izXamb kpJhpamWv AhÀ¡ v e`n¡ p¶Xv. AÃmlp ]dbp

¶p: ""F¶n«v Fs³ d ]¡  \n¶pÅ amÀKZÀi\w \n§Ä

¡ v hs¶¯ pt¼ mÄ Fs³ d B amÀKZÀi\w ]n³ ]äp¶h

cmtcm AhÀ¡ v `bs¸tS­XnÃ. AhÀ ZpxJnt¡ ­n hcnI

bpanÃ'' (2:38).

imcocnIamb {]bmk§sf¡ mÄ ]et¸mgpw am\kn

I {]bmk§fmWv a\pjyPohnXw ZpcnX]qÀWam¡ p¶Xv.

A[mÀanI PohnX¯ ns³ d kzm`mhnIamb ]cnWXn a\x

km£ n¡ p¯ pw am\knI hnt£ m`§fpambncn¡ pw. kÀh

iIvXs\¡ pdn¨ kvacWbpw Ahs³ d hn[nhne¡ pIÄ A

\pkcn¨p sIm­pÅ PohnXhpamWv a\pjy\v a\Ê am[m

a\pjy³ Page 63

\w \Â Ip¶Xv. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:

""AÃmlphns\¡ pdn¨ kvacW sIm­mWv a\Ê pI

Ä im´ ambn¯ ocp¶Xv''(13:28). _lpssZh hnizmkhpw ssZ

h \ntj[hpw a\pjya\Ê n lo\Xzhpw Al¦mchpw kr

jvSn¡ p¶ A]NypXnIfmWv. Ah kzoIcn¡ p¶XneqsS am

\knIamb ]ncnapdp¡ hpw A´ xkwLÀjhpamWv a\pjy

cnep­mhpI.bYmÀY ssZh¯ nepÅ hnizmkamIs« Ah

s³ DÂ IrjvShpw hn\bm\znX\pam¡ p¶p. A§s\ a\p

jy a\Ê ns\ im´ am¡ p¶p.

B-dv-

hntamN\w

a\pjycpsS hntamN\amWv ZÀi\§fpsSsbÃmw hn

jbw. X§fpsS kaql¯ n \ne\n¶ncp¶ A{Ia§fpw

AgnaXnbpw AcmPIXzhpsaÃmamWv ZmÀi\nI·msc Nn´ n

¸n¨Xv.{]kvXpX {]iv\§Ä ¡ v ]cnlmcw ImWp¶Xn\p th

­nbmWv AhÀ X¯ -z§Ä ]S¨Xv. kaqls¯ {Kkn¨ ncp

¶ {]iv\§fpsS ImcW¯ nte¡ v Cd§ns¨tính¶t¸m

gmWv a\pjys\ a\Ê nem¡ phm³ th­n AhÀ {ian¨Xv.

a\pjys³ d {]iv\§fpsS thcv I­p]nSn¡ Wsa¦n A

hs³ d AkvXnXzs¯ A]{KYn¨p ]Tn¡ Wsa¶ Xncn¨dn

hmWv a\pjys\¡ pdn¨ ]T\¯ nte¡ v Ahsc \bn¨Xv.Cu

Xncn¨dnhv icnbmbncp¶psh¶v ]dbmw. imkv{XPvRs³ d

Afhp tImepIÄ ¡ v hg§m¯ a\pjys³ d khntijamb

a\pjy³ Page 64

AkvXnXzs¯ `uXnIambn am{Xw hymJym\n¡ Wsa¶ im

TyamWv ZmÀi\nI·msc ]ng¸n¨sX¶v ]dbp¶Xmhpw icn.

Cu ]nghmWv ZÀi\§fpsS ]cmPb¯ n\pÅ apJy

amb ImcWw. a\pjysc a\Ê nem¡ msX a\pjys³ d {]iv

\§Ä ]cnlcn¡ phm³ F§s\ km[n¡ pw? amÀIvknk

¯ n\v kw`hn¨Xv Cu kzm`mhnIamb acWaÃmsX asäm¶p

ambncp¶nÃ. \½ psS \qäm­ns³ d X¯ zNn´ sb¶v hntijn

¸n¡ s¸Sp¶ IayqWnk¯ n\v imkv{Xw apXÂ kmlnXyw h

scbpÅ hyXykvX taJeIfn X§fptSXmb {]`mhw sX

fnbn¡ m³ Ignª n«pw `uXnI X¯ -zimkv{X§fpsS A\n

hmcyamb ]X\w AXn¶pap­mbn. al¯ mb hn¹h¯ ns³ d

a{´ [z\nIfn amtemIsc a¯ p]nSn¸n¨ amÀIvknkw ZmÀ

i\nI Ncn{X¯ ns³ d hnimeamb NhäpsIm«bn A\´

amb ib\¯ n\pÅ Xb-msdSp¸nemWn¶v. F´ p sIm­nXv

kw`hn¨p? ]e cq]¯ nepapÅ hniIe\§Ä \S¶p sIm

­ncn¡ p¶p. amÀIvknk¯ ns³ d ]X\w {]mtbmKnIamb ]m

fn¨IfpsS am{Xw ^-eamsW¶v hcp¯ n¯ oÀ¡ m\mWv tkm

jyenkväv _p² nPohnIÄ {ian¨psIm­ncn¡ p¶Xv. a\pjy

s³ d khntijamb AkvXnXzs¯ ¡ pdn¨ v a\Ê nem¡ msX,

tIhew ]ZmÀYtemI¯ ns³ d \nba§Ä a\pjy\pw _m[

IamsW¶v kaÀYn¡ m³ {ian¨XmWv amÀIvknk¯ n\v ]

änb Gähpw henb sXäv.a\pjys\ a\Ê nem¡ p¶Xn kw

`hn¨ ]mfn¨IfpsS A\nhmcyamb A\´ c ^eambncp¶p

am\h tamN\s¯ ¡ pdn¨ hniZoIcW¯ n {]kvXpX ZÀ

i\¯ n\v ]änb A_² §sf¶ hkvXpX ]et¸mgpw hnkv

acn¡ s¸Sp¶p.

tkmhnbäv bqWnbs³ d ]X\¯ n\v ImcWamb hn¹

a\pjy³ Page 65

ht¯ mS\p_\v[n¨ v, sI.Pn._n. Xeh\mbncp¶ skj³ kv

InbpsS {]Xna XÃns¸mfn¨p sIm­ncp¶ bphmhns³ d h

N\§Ä A¶v ]{X§fn h¶ncp¶p. "a\pjyÀ IjvSs¸

Sp¶nS¯ mWv IaypWnkväpIÄ Xg¨phfcpIsb¶v \n§Ä

¡ dnbnÃ?' icnbmWv. IjvS¸mSpIfmWv IaypWnks¯ h

fÀ¯ p¶Xv. ImcWap­v. Zmcn{Zya\p`hn¡ p¶h³ a\Ê n

em¡ p¶Xv Cu `qanbnse Gähpw henb {]iv\w Zmcn{Zyam

sW¶mWv. InS¸mSanÃm¯ hs³ d I®n AXmWv Gähpw

henb {]iv\w. sXmgnenÃm¯ hs\ kw_\v[n¨ nSt¯ mfw

Cu temI¯ ns³ d Gähpw henb {]iv\w sXmgnenÃmbva

bmWv. Zmcn{Zy¯ n\pw sXmgnenÃmbva¡ pw Cu temI¯ nse

kIehn[ {]iv\§Ä ¡ pw ImcWw kzImcy k¼ ¯ msW

¶mWv amÀIvkv ]dª Xv. Cu {]iv\§sfÃmw ]cnlcn¡ p

hm³ At±l¯ ns³ d ho£ W¯ n GI amÀKtabpÅ q.

""kzImcy kz¯ ns\ CÃmXm¡ pI''.]«nWnbpsSbpw ]cnh«

¯ ns³ dbpw temI¯ nte¡ v kzImcy kz¯ ns³ d \njvIm

k\¯ neqsS kaXz¯ ns³ d temIw ssIsb¯ n¸nSn¡ msa

¶ ap{ZmhmIyhpambn amÀIvknkw IS¶ph¶t¸mÄ {]kv

XpX ap{ZmhmIy¯ ns³ d hmlIcmbn ]oUnXcpw \nµnXcp

amb P\e£ §Ä AWn\nc¶p.AXv kzm`mhnIambncp¶p.

se\n\pw amthm tkXq§n\pw ]n¶n AWn\nc¶Xv A

[zm\n¡ p¶ a\pjycmbncp¶p. AhÀ¡ pth­n Npcp¡ nb

apjvSnIfn Xq¼ bpw NpänIbpw Acnhmfpw ]nSn¨ Xg¼ p

Ifp­mbncp¶p.]t£ ,F´ mWp­mbXv? t]mf­nse sXm

gnemfn t\Xmhmbncp¶ seIvhtekbpsS hcnIÄ {i² n

¡ pI: "A[nImcw In«p¶Xn\v ap¼ v IayqWnkväpIÄ ]d

ª p. "\n§Ä ¡ v Ct¸mÄ `£ Ww In«p¶nÃ; hkv{Xw e`n

¡ p¶nÃ; ]mÀ¸nShpanÃ; \n§Ä R§sf A[nImc¯ nte

a\pjy³ Page 66

äq.\n§Ä ¡ v `£ Ww Xcmw; hkv{Xw Xcmw; ]mÀ¸nSw Xcmw;

]t£ , A[nImcw In«nbt¸mÄ R§Ä ¡ v `£ Ww In«nbn

Ã'. ]Xnäm­pItfmfw IayqWnkväv `cWw A\p`hn¨dnª

Bbnc§fpsS A`n{]mbs¯ bmWv seIvhtek {]Xn\n[o

Icn¡ p¶Xv.tamN\¯ ns³ d Fs´ ´ v kpµc ap{ZmhmIy§

Ä apg¡ ns¡ m­mWv amÀIvknkw IS¶ph¶Xv. ]«nWn In

S¡ p¶hs³ d ZpxJw XoÀ¡ m³ kzImcyk¼ ¯ v \in¸n¨m

 aXnsb¶ kn² m´ w {]tbmKh ¡ cn¡ m³ {ian¨t¸m

Ä , I¯ n¡ cnª Bamib¯ n\v AÂ ]sa¦nepw Bizm

kw e`n¡ patÃmsb¶v IcpXn Ahsc ]n´ pW¨ a\pjy a

¡ Ä ¡ v e`n¨Xv BXvamhns\ hcnª p apdp¡ phm³ t]m¶

N§es¡ «pIÄ am{Xambncp¶p. am\hnI {]iv\§sf ka

{Kambn A]{KYn¨ amÀIvknk¯ ns³ d kvYnXn CXmsW¦n

 {]iv\§fpsS Hmtcm hi§sf am{Xw ]T\¯ n\v hnt[

bam¡ nb ZÀi\§fpsS kvYnXn CXnepw IjvSamWv. Chn

sSbmWv, ASnkvYm\]cambn ]cnlcn¡ s¸tS­ {]iv\§

sf´ msW¶ {]kIvXamhp¶Xv. a\pjy hntamN\¯ ns³ d

BXy´ nIamb AÀYsa´ mbncn¡ Wsa¶ NÀ¨bn \n¶m

Wv ]cnlcn¡ s¸tS­ {]iv\§sfs´ ms¡ bmsW¶ {]iv

\¯ n\pÅ D¯ cw Dcp¯ ncnbpI.

hnaeoIcW¯ neqsS hntamN\w

FÃmhcpw ]dbmdpÅ ]«nWn Xs¶ t\m¡ pI.F´ m

Wv ]«nWn¡ pÅ ImcWw? k¼ ¯ v GXm\pw hyIvXnIfnÂ

am{Xw tI{µoIcn¨XmsW¶v ]dbpI km[yamtWm? Cu `q

anbnse k¼ Zv hnXcW¯ ns³ d coXnimkv{Xsa´ msW¶v

\nÀhNn¡ pI km[yaÃ. C¶es¯ ]W¡ mcn ]ecpw C

¶v ]m¸cmWv.t\sc Xncn¨ pap­v. k¼ ¯ ns³ d hnXcW¯ n

a\pjy³ Page 67

 sFIycq]yap­mhpI Akm[yamsW¶v A ]w Nn´ n

¨m t_m[yamIpw. ]nXmhn \n¶v Htc kwJy Xs¶ A

\´ cmhImiambn In«nb a¡ fn NneÀ ]W¡ mcmbn am

dpIbpw aäpNneÀ ]m¸cmhpIbpw sNbvXXn\v \½ psSsbÃmw

Ab ]¡ ¯ v Xs¶ DZmlcW§fp­mhpw. NneÀ P·\m

Xs¶ A[zm\n¡ m³ IgnhnÃm¯ hcmWv. aäpNneÀ [qÀ¯

·mcmWv.NnecmIs« kq{X¯ n ]Ww k¼ mZn¡ m³ Ignhp

Å hcmWv. Cu aq¶v hn`mK¯ nepw s]« Hmtcmcp¯ À¡ pw

Hcp \nivNnX kwJy hoXw sImSp¯ m A ] Znhk§

Ä ¡ ptijw F´ v kw`hn¡ psa¶v A ]w Nn´ n¨m t_m

[yamIpw.AXpsIm­pXs¶,]«nWn¡ pÅ ]cnlmcambn \n

ÀtZin¡ s¸SmdpÅ k¼ ¯ ns³ d Xpeyamb hnXcWsa¶

Bibw Xosc A{]mtbmKnIamWv.

k¼ mZn¡ phm\pÅ a\pjys³ d BÀ¯ n Ahs³ d

{]IrXnbpambn H«nt¨À¶n«pÅ XmWv. CXn\v "km¼ ¯ nI

kzmÀYX' F¶v ]dbpsa¦n Cu "kzmÀYX'bmWv `qanbn

se ]ptcmKXns¡ Ãmw \nan¯ ambn«pÅ Xv. Cu kzmÀYXsb

\in¸n¡ m\mbn "hSn'sbSp¯ XmWv amÀIvknk¯ n\v ]änb

Hcp sXäv. k¼ mZn¡ phm\pÅ B{Klw a\pjys³ d am{Xw

khntijXbmb kzmX{´ y¯ ns³ d `mKamWv. B AhIm

iw \ntj[n¡ s¸Spt¼ mÄ kzm`mhnIambpw kaql¯ ns³ d

]ptcmKXn \nebv¡ p¶p. Xm³ the sNbvXn«v X\n¡ v Iqen

In«p¶nsæn ]ns¶sb´ n\v ]mSps]SWsa¶ Nn´ Ah

s\ aSnb\m¡ p¶p. Cu aSnbn \n¶pw Ahs\ DWÀ¯ m

³ `cWIqSw hSnsbSpt¡ ­nhcp¶p. CXmWv IayqWnkväv

cmjv{S§fn kw`hn¨Xv.

]«nWn amäphm³ c­v Xc¯ nepÅ {]hÀ¯ \§Ä

a\pjy³ Page 68

BhiyamWv. H¶v ]«nWn InS¡ p¶hs³ d `mK¯ p \n¶m

Wv D­mth­sX¦n atäXv ]W¡ mcs³ d `mK¯ p\n¶m

Wv D­mth­Xv. k¼ ¯ ns³ d ZpÀhn\ntbmKhpw [qÀ¯ pw

AanXhybhpw XStb­Xp­v. aZyhpw ab¡ pacp¶pIfpap

]tbmKn¨ v ]m¸cmbn a¡ sf ]«nWnbnte¡ v XÅ nbnSp¶ c

£ nXm¡ fp­v. NqXpIfn¨ v XdhmSv ]Wbs¸Sp¯ pIbpw a

¡ sfbpw Iq«n sXcphnendt§­nhcnIbpw sNbvX "D¶X

IpePmX³ 'amcpw AXymhiy¯ n\v ISw hm§nbXns³ d t]

cn ]eni sImSp¯ v Xpeª hcpw \½ psSsbÃmw kaql

¯ nep­v. ]«nWn XpS¨pamäp¶Xns³ d `mKambn BZyambn

sN¿ m\pÅ Xv ZpÀhybhpw [qÀ¯ pw aZyhpw ab¡ pacp¶p

Ifpw NqXpIfnbpw ]enibpsaÃmw CÃmsXbm¡ pIbmWv.

A§s\ ]«nWnbpw ]cnh«hpw IS¶phcm\pÅ amÀK§Ä

AS¡ pIbmWv.

k¼ mZn¡ phm\pÅ FÃm AhImi§fpw \Â Ip¶

tXmsSm¸w Xs¶ A\ymbamb amÀK§fneqsSbpÅ k¼ m

Zys¯ ]qÀWambn \ntcm[n¡ pIbpw sN¿ Ww. k¼ mZn¡ p

¶hs³ d ssIhiw am{Xw kz¯ v kzcq]n¡ s¸Sp¶ Ah

kvYbp­mhcpXv. kaql¯ ns³ d \nÀamW {]hÀ¯ \§Ä

¡ v AXv hn\ntbmKn¡ s¸SWw. ]Ww ssIhiapÅ hÀ ]n

ip¡ v ImWn¡ cpXv. Bhiy§Ä ¡ v th­n ]Ww sNehgn

¡ m³ Ah³ XbmdmhWw. Xs³ d Npäp]mSpapÅ ]mh§fp

sS hnja§Ä ImWphm\pw Ahsc klmbn¡ phm\pw A

h³ k¶² \mhWw. Xs³ d IognepÅ sXmgnemfnItfmSv Im

cpWyt¯ mSpIqSn s]cpamdphm\pw AÀlamb thX\w \Â

Iphm\pw Ah\v km[n¡ Ww. A\mimky {]hÀ¯ \§Ä

t¡ m A[mÀanI hr¯ nIÄ t¡ m ]Ww sNehgn¡ s¸Scp

a\pjy³ Page 69

Xv. CXn\v BZyambn hfÀ¶phtc­Xv kmtlmZcyamWv. ]

«nWn InS¡ p¶ Ab ¡ mc\pw Xs¶t¸mseXs¶ hni¸pw

Zmlhpw hnImchpsaÃmapÅ krjvSnbmsW¶pw ASnkvYm

\]cambn X§Ä ktlmZc·mcmsW¶papÅ t_m[w.-c­m

aXmbn, Xm³ ]W¡ mc\msW¶ Al¦mc¯ n \n¶v apIv

XamhpIbmWv th­Xv. Xs³ d k¼ mZyw Xs³ d A[zm\¯ n

s³ dbpw _p² nbpsSbpw^eambn am{Xw e`n¨Xsöpw A

Xv BImi`qanIfpsS DSakvYs³ d Zm\amsW¶pw Ah³

hnNmcn¨m AXv Xncns¨Sp¡ p¶Xn\v bmsXmcp {]bmkhp

ansöpapÅ t_m[w hcp¶XneqsS am{Xsa ]W¡ mc³

hn\bm\znX\pw \nkzmÀY\pambn amdq.

hnip² JpÀB\ns³ d hntamN\ k¦Â ]w

ChnsSbmWv hnip² JpÀB\ns³ d hntamN\ k¦

 ]w {]kIvXamhp¶Xv.]«nWnbn \n¶pw ]cnh«¯ n \n

¶pw `uXnIamb ]cm[o\XIfn \n¶papÅ tamN\¯ n\v

hnip² JpÀB³ AÀlamb kvYm\w \Â Inbn«p­v. AXn

¶mhiyamb kmaqlnI \nba§fp­m¡ nbn«p­v.F¶mÂ

{]kvXpX hntamN\amWv Gähpw ASnkvYm\]cambn Bh

iyapÅ Xv F¶ `uXnI ZÀi\§fpsS ImgvN¸mSnt\mSv Jp

ÀB³ tbmPn¡ p¶nÃ.hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaql¯ ns³ dbpw

hnaeoIcW (XkvInb¯ v -salvation) ¯ neqsSbmWv hntamN

\ (Xlocodv -Liberation) ap­mth­sX¶mWv hnip² JpÀ

B\ns³ d ImgvN¸mSv. A§s\bpÅ hntamN\¯ n\v am{X

sa kvYmbo`mhap­mhq. ChnsS hnip² JpÀB³ `uXnI

ZÀi\§fpambn Bib]camb hyXncnIvXX ]peÀ¯ p¶p.

hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaql¯ ns³ dbpw hnaeoIcWw hn¹h

¯ neqsSbmWv D­mth­sX¶v `uXnI ZÀi\§Ä kaÀ

a\pjy³ Page 70

Yn¡ p¶p. hn¹hw hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaql¯ ns³ dbpw hna

eoIcW¯ neqsSbmWv IcKXamhpIsb¶mWv JpÀB\n

s³ d ImgvN¸mSv.

{]hmNI \ntbmK¯ ns³ d ]ca {][m\amb e£ yw

a\pjysc hnaeoIcn¡ pIbmbncp¶p. Zpkz`mh§fn \n

¶pw ZpÀhr¯ nIfn \n¶pw apIvXamIphm³ kaqls¯ k

PvPam¡ pIbmWv {]hmNI·mÀ sNbvXXv. kz´ w AkvXn

Xzs¯ hnaeoIcn¡ m\mbncp¶p {]hmNI·mÀ a\pjytcmSv

Bhiys¸«Xv. hnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv t\m¡ q: "XoÀ

¨bmbpw AXns\ (a\pjymkvXnXzs¯ ) ]cnip² am¡ nbh

³ hnPbn¨p. AXns\ If¦s¸Sp¯ nbh³ XoÀ¨bmbpw \n

À`mKyaSbpIbpw sNbvXp' (91: 9,10).

ChnsS "a\pjymkvXnXzw' F¶v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯ nbn

cn¡ p¶Xv "\^vkv' F¶ Ad_n]Zs¯ bmWv. BXvamhv(dq

lv), a\Ê v- (Iz _v), PUw (PkZv) F¶nh aq¶pw AS§n

bXmWv \^vkv. hnip² JpÀB³ "\^vkv' F¶v {]tbmKn

¨ ncn¡ p¶Xv a\pjys\ ka{Kambn kqNn¸n¡ phm\mWv.B

Xvamhpw a\kpw PUhpw IqSnt¨cpt¼ mgmWv a\pjy³ F

¶ khntijamb krjvSnbp­mhp¶Xv. "a\pjymkvXnXz

s¯ ]cnip² am¡ nbh\mWv hnPbn¡ pI'sb¶ JpÀB\n

I {]kvXmh\bn a\pjys³ d ka{Kamb hnaeoIcWam

Wv hnh£ n¡ p¶sX¶ÀYw. BXvamhns³ dbpw a\Ê ns³ d

bpw icoc¯ ns³ dbpw hnaeoIcWt¯ mSp IqSn am{Xsa a

\pjy\v hnPbn¡ m\mhq F¶ JpÀB\nI ho£ Ww am{X

amWv hntamN\s¯ kw_\v[n¨ v hyIvXhpw B[nImcnI

hpamb tcJ {]Zm\w sN¿ p¶Xv.

hyIvXnIÄ \¶mhmsX kaqlw \¶mhpIbnsö h

a\pjy³ Page 71

kvXpX C¶v FÃmhcpw AwKoIcn¨pIgnª n«p­v.icoc¯ n

s³ dbpw a\Ê -ns³ dbpw BXvamhns³ dbpw ka{Kamb ]cn

ip² nbneqsS am{Xsa hyIvXnIÄ \¶mhpIbpÅ q. CXv aq

¶ns\bpw Hsct]mse ]cnKWn¡ p¶psh¶Xv Ckvemans\

aäv `uXnI ZÀi\§fn \n¶pw kvYm]\aX§fn \n¶pw

Htct]mse hyXncnIvXam¡ p¶p. BXvamhns\ AhKWn¨p

sIm­v icoc¯ ns³ d ]pjvSn¡ pth­nbmWv `uXnI ZÀi

\§Ä {ian¡ p¶sX¦n t\sc adn¨ v icocs¯ AhKWn

¨p sIm­v BXvaob tam£ ¯ nse¯ nt¨cm\mWv kvYm]\

aX§Ä Blzm\w sN¿ p¶Xv. JpÀB\mIs« "\^vkns³ d

hnaeoIcW¯ neqsS hnPbnIfmhpIsb¶mWv ]Tn¸n¡ p¶

Xv. icochpw a\kpw BXvamhpw Hsct]mse ]cnKWn¡

s¸SWsa¶ÀYw.

ChnsS "hnaeoIcWw' F¶v AÀYw \Â Inbncn¡ p

¶Xv "XkvInb¯ v' F¶ Ad_n ]Z¯ n\mWv.Cu ]Z¯ n\v

hnaeoIcWw F¶pw hnIk\w F¶pw c­ÀY§fp­v.a\p

jymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d hnip² nbneqsSbmWv hnIk\ap­mhp

Isb¶pw Cu ZzbmÀY]Z¯ ns³ d D]tbmK¯ n \n¶v A

\pam\n¡ mhp¶XmWv. C¶v imkv{XtemIw F¯ ns¸«ncn¡ p

¶ {][m\s¸« {]Xnk\v[n¡ pÅ ]cnlmchpw hnaeoIcW

¯ neqsSbpÅ hnIk\amsW¶mWv B[p\nI imkv{X Zm

Ài\nI·mÀ Nq­n¡ mWn¡ p¶Xv. tIhe imkv{X¯ ns³ d

hIvXm¡ Ä kzX{´ amb KthjWw A\phZn¡ Wsa¶pw

am\hXm hmZ¡ mÀ KthjW§Ä ¡ v hne¡ v I ]n¡ Wsa

¶pw Aeapdbn«p sIm­ncn¡ p¶Xn\nSbn imkv{X temIw

hyIvXamsbmcp {]Xnk\v[nbnemWn¶v.Hcp`mK¯ v imkv{X

]ptcmKXn {]IrXnsbbpw ]cnkvYnXnsbbpw A§s\ a\p

a\pjy³ Page 72

jys\bpw XIÀ¡ p¶Xn\v \nan¯ ambns¡ m­ncn¡ p¶p. a

dp`mK¯ mIs« imkv{Xs¯ Hgn¨ p\nÀ¯ ns¡ m­pÅ \mK

cnIXsb¡ pdn¨ v Nn´ n¡ m³ t]mepw Ignbm¯ hn[¯ nÂ

a\pjyÀ imkv{Xhpambn _\v[n¡ s¸«ncn¡ p¶p. imkv{X

s¯ F§s\ am\hoIcn¡ mw F¶ NÀ¨bnemWv imkv{X

ZmÀi\nI·mÀ C¶v GÀs¸«ncn¡ p¶Xv. ChnsSbmWv "hna

eoIcW¯ neqsSbpÅ hnIk\w'F¶ JpÀB\nIamb B

ibw {]kIvXamhp¶Xv.

km¼ ¯ nIcwKs¯ {]iv\§fpsS ]cnlmc¯ n\mbn

hnip² JpÀB³ apt¶m«psh¡ p¶ ]² XnIÄ Cu Bi

bs¯ IqSpXÂ hyIvXam¡ phm\pXIp¶XmWv.apXemfnsb

bpw sXmgnemfnsbbpw ]W¡ mcs\bpw ]Wn¡ mcs\bpsa

Ãmw a\pjy kaql¯ ns³ d A\nhmcy LSI§sf¶ \ne

bv¡ v JpÀB³ AwKoIcn¡ p¶p.AhÀ X½ n kwL«\am

Wp­mth­sX¶ ho£ Ww Ckveman\nÃ.hyXykvX hn`m

K§Ä X½ nepÅ ]mckv]cy¯ n¶mWv Ckvemw Du¶Â \

 Ip¶Xv.sXmgnemfnbpsS hnbÀ¸v häp¶Xn\pap¼ v thX\w

\Â IWsa¶v ]Tn¸n¡ p¶ {]hmNI³ () sXmgnseSp¡ p¶

Xns³ d amlmXvays¯ bpw AtXmsSm¸wXs¶ sXmgnemfnbp

sS _m[yXIsfbpw Ipdn¨ v t_m[hm·mcm¡ p¶p­v. km¼

¯ nI cwKs¯ NqjW§sfbpw [qÀ¯ ns\bpw ]nip¡ n

s\bpw Ckvemw hnaÀin¡ p¶p. imcocnItam atäm Bb I

gnhp tISpIfm km¼ ¯ nI cwK¯ v hnjaa\p`hn¡ p¶

hyIvXnIsf kwc£ nt¡ ­ _m[yX kaql¯ n\mWpÅ

sX¶mWv {]hmNI³ ]Tn¸n¨Xv.Ckvemanse "kIm¯ v' hy

hkvYbpsS e£ yaXmWv. apXemfn Xs³ d k¼ ¯ ns³ d c

­c iXam\w \nÀ_\v[ambn Zm\w sN¿ Wsa¶mWv Ckv

a\pjy³ Page 73

emans³ d imk\. kIm¯ v [\nIs³ d HuZmcyaÃ; Zcn{Z

s³ d AhImias{X. apXemfn ]mhs¸«h\v \ Ip¶ \m

Wb¯ p«pIfà kIm¯ v. k¼ ¶s³ d ASp¯ p\n¶v cmjv

{Stam kaqlw D¯ chmZs¸Sp¯ nb aäv kvYm]\§tfm ]n

cns¨Sp¡ pIbpw AÀlXs¸«hÀ¡ v hnXcWw \S¯ pIbpw

sN¿ pIbmWv kIm¯ ns³ d cq]w.kIm¯ v ssZhnIamb im

k\IfpsS ASnkvYm\¯ n kwLSn¸n¨ v hnXcWw sN¿ m

³ kaqlw k¶² ambm temI¯ p\n¶v Zmcn{Zysa¶ {]

iv\w GXm­v ]qÀWambn¯ s¶ ]cnlcn¡ m³ Ignbpw.C

kvemanI cmjv{S¯ n kIm¯ v hm§phm³ BcpanÃmXncp

¶ AhkvYbp­mbn«v ASp¯ cmjv{S¯ nte¡ v Ah hnX

cWw sNbvX kw`hw Ncn{X¯ nep­mbn«p­v.

\nÀ_\v[Zm\amb kIm¯ v k¼ ¯ ns³ d ip² oIc

WamsW¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡ p¶Xv. \tS kqNn¸n¨Xp

t]mse hnIk\sa¶pw hnaeoIcWsa¶pw AÀYapÅ "k

Im¯ v' F¶ ]ZamWv \nÀ_\v[ Zm\¯ n\v JpÀB³ \Â

Inbncn¡ p¶ kmt¦XnI ]Zsa¶ Imcyw {it² bamWv.kIm

¯ v hyhkvY kaql¯ n hnXcWw sN¿ m³ Ahs\ \nÀ

_\v[n¸n¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶p. F{X henb k¼ ¯ v A\´

cambn e`n¨ hyIvXnbmbncp¶mepw AXv sI«n¸q«n sh¨mÂ

hÀjw tXmdpw c­ciXam\w \nÀ_\v[ Zm\w \Â Ip¶ ]

£ w \m ]Xv hÀj¯ n\pÅ n B k¼ ¯ v XoÀ¶p t]mIp

sa¶ Nn´ AekX AIäpIbpw k¼ ¯ ns³ d DÂ ]mZ\

cwK¯ nd¡ m³ t{]cn¸n¡ pIbpw sN¿ p¶p. A§s\ kIm

¯ v hyhkvY hyIvXnbpsS hnaeoIcW¯ n\pw km¼ ¯ nI

hnIk\¯ n\pw \nan¯ amIp¶p.

CXpXs¶bmWv FÃm cwKs¯ bpw AhkvY.hyIvXn

a\pjy³ Page 74

bpsS hnip² nbneqsSbmWv kmaqlnI hn¹hhpw \St¡ ­

sX¶mWv Ckvemans³ d ImgvN¸mSv. \^vkns³ d hnaeoIc

Wsa¶ JpÀB\nI ]cmaÀiw C\nbpw Hcp]mSv hniZoIc

W§fÀln¡ p¶XmWv.imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw BXvaob

hpamb hnip² nbmWv a\pjysc ]ptcmKXnbnte¡ v \bn¡ p

¶Xv; `uXnIhpw ]mc{XnIhpamb ]ptcmKXnbmWv ChnsS

hnh£ n¡ s¸Sp¶Xv. hnaeoIcW¯ neqsSbpÅ hnIk\w

F¶ JpÀB\nI k¦Â ]¯ nte¡ v temIw \S¶Sp¯ p sIm

­ncn¡ pIbmWv. F´ mWv ka{Kamb hnaeoIcWw F¶v

hniZoIcn¡ phm³ , imkv{X ZmÀi\nI·mÀ¡ v Ignbp¶nsÃ

¶XmWv Cu cwKs¯ Gähpw henb {]Xnk\v[n. AhÀ¡ v

amÀK\nÀtZ-iw \Â Im³ Ignbp¶ GI {K\vYw JpÀB\s{X.

a\pjy\nse arKs¯ ImWphm³ am{XamWv imkv

{X¯ n\v Ignª n«pÅ Xv. a\pjyXzw {]Zm\w sN¿ p¶ BXv

amhns³ d AkvXnXzs¯ ¡ pdn¨ v imkv{X¯ n\v H¶pw ]dbm

³ IgnbnÃ. BXva PvRm\w ]t©{µnb PvRm\¯ n\v ]pd

¯ mWv. ssZhnI {K\vYamb hnip² JpÀB³ am{XamWv a

\pjymkvXnXz¯ ns³ d cN\mXvaIhpw \ntj[mXvaIhpamb

hi§sf IWniambn AhXcn¸n¡ p¶, C¶v \ne\n ¡ p

¶ GI B[nImcnI {K\vYw. Cu hnip² JpÀB\n\v am{X

sa a\pjysc ss]imNnIXbn \n¶v AIän am\hnIXbn

te¡ v \bn¡ m\mhq. bpK¸IÀ¨IÄ ¡ p ap¼ n Imelc

Ws¸SmsX, {]kIvXn \jvSs¸SmsX AP¿ ambn \n ¡ p

¶ JpÀB\ns³ d {]Jym]\w F{X icn!

""AXmIp¶p {K\vYw! AXn kwibtabnÃ.kq£ va

X ]men¡ p¶hÀ¡ v t\Àhgn ImWn¡ p¶Xs{X AXv'' (2:2).

a\pjy³ Page 75

G-gv-

F-́ n-\v- Po-hn-¡ -Ww-?-

Bcv Fs´ ms¡ ¸dª mepw arKamIphm³ a\pjy\v

kzm`mhnIamb Hcp Xzcbp­v. ssZhnIamb hne¡ pIÄ X

IÀ¯ v ss]imNnIamb ioe§Ä kzoIcn¡ phm\pÅ B

thiw. Ah¶v ap¼ n ssZhnI \nÀtZi§Ä ¡ v bmsXmcp

hnebpanÃ. ""ssZh\nÀtZ-i§Ä ]men¨ v a\pjy\mbn Pohn

¡ p¶Xp sIm­v F´ v {]tbmP\w?'F¶h³ tNmZn¡ p¶p.

"arKambn Pohn¨ v ss\anjnI kpJa\p`hn¡ p¶Xp sIm­v

F´ mWv Ipg¸w?' F¶h³ At\zjn¡ p¶p. CXns³ d adp

hi¯ v, Hcp Xn·bpanÃm¯ Hcp temIs¯ ¡ pdn¨ kz]v\w

FÃm a\pjyÀ¡ pap­v. 1516 {]kn² oIcn¡ s¸« tXmakv

aqdns³ d "Dt«m¸nb' F¶ t\mhen k¦Â ]n¡ s¸«ncn¡ p

¶Xv A¯ csamcp temIamWv. A{Iahpw A\oXnbpanÃm

¯ "Dt«m¸nb' Zzo]n kZvkz`mhnbpw kXyk\v[\pamb

"Dt«m¸kv' cmPmhns³ d {]PIÄ klIcWt¯ msSbpw k

am[m\t¯ msSbpw Pohn¨psIm­ncn¡ p¶p. CXmWv "Dt«m

¸nb'bpsS CXnhr¯ w. "AkaXz§fpw A{Ia§fpanÃm¯

\msf'sb¶ a\pjya\Ê ns³ d kzm`mhnIamb tX«¯ ns³ d

IYmhnjvImcamWv "Dt«m¸nb'sb¶v ]dbmw. 1623Â {]kn

² oIcn¡ s¸« tXmakv Imw]s\ÃmbpsS "Zn knän Hm^v Zn

k¬' F¶ cN\bpw"kpµcamsbmcp temIw' F¶ a\pjy

[njWbpsS tX«¯ ns³ d BhnjvImcamWv. Imd amÀIv

kv a\pjya\Ê pIfn hfÀ¯ nb "hÀKclnX IayqWnkväv

kaqlw' F¶ kz]v\¯ n\v ]n¶nepw A¯ csamcp k¦Â

]amWpÅ Xv.kaXzkpµcamb Hcp temIw t\SnsbSp¡ m\m

a\pjy³ Page 76

bn F´ v XymKhpw kln¡ m³ a\pjy³ k¶² cmhpw. d

jy³ hn¹h¯ n acn¨ ]Xn\mbnc§fpsS kz]v\w Cu

"kaXzkpµc temI'ambncp¶phtÃm.I¿ qcnepw hbemdnepw

Nn´ nb tNmcbpw Cu temI¯ n\v th­n¯ s¶.

"kaXz kpµcamsbmcp temIw' F¶ kz]v\¯ ns³ d

km£ m Imc¯ n\pth­n _enbmSpIfmbn amdnb ]Xn\m

bnc¡ W¡ n\v a\pjya\Ê pIsf¡ -pdn¨ v ]dbm³ `qXIme

Ncn{X¯ n\v km[n¡ pw. A§s\sbmcp temIs¯ ¡ pdn¨

anYymkz]v\§fpsS ap{Zm hmIy§fn BIrjvScmbn, h

cm³ t]mIp¶ "\à \msf'Ifn "]d¡ m\ncn¡ p¶' sImSn

hln¨ v cIvXkm£ nIfmbn amdnbhÀ F´ v t\Snsb¶ tNm

Zy¯ n\v sImSnbpw hSnbpw ap{ZmhmIy§fpw \nÀan¨ p sIm

Sp¯ `uXnIZÀi\§fpsS hIvXm¡ Ä s¡ m¶pw hyIvXam

b D¯ cw \Â Im³ Ignª n«nÃ. kzbw XymKw kln¨ v a

äpÅ hÀ¡ pth­n F´ n\v {]hÀ¯ n¡ Ww F¶ {]iv\¯ n

\pw AhcpsS ssIIfn D¯ csam¶panÃ.

A\iz-cX¡ p-th­n-bp-Å B{Klw- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-

¯ n-s³ d kzm-`m-hn-Iam-b tX«§fn-sem-¶m-Wv.- Cu- {]]©

¯ n-te¡ v- It®m-Sn-¡ p-¶ \mw- a\p-jy-Xp-ey-am-b Hcp- Akv

Xn-Xz-s¯ FhnsSbpw- Im-Wp-¶n-Ã.-{]]©¯ n-se ]ctam¯

akr-jv-Sn- a\p-jy\m-Wv.- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn- kw-h -kc§fmbp-

Å {]]©¯ n-s³ -d ]cnWm-a¯ n-\n-Sbn - a\p-jy-s\¶ ]c

tam -Ir-jv-S kr-jv-Sn- {]Xy£ o-`hn-¨ n-«v- GXm-\pw- kl{km

_v-Z§Ä - am-{Xta Bbn-«p-Å q.- `q-an-bm-Iam-\w- H¶p- Ip-ep-§n-

bm - B kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS Akv-XnXzw- Ahkm-\n-¡ p-Ibpw- sN

¿ p-¶p.- a\p-jy-ico-cw- GtXXp- `uXnI LSI§Ä - tNÀ-¶p

­m-bXm-tWm- Ahbp-sSsbÃmw- hbÊ v- tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn- sIm-

a\pjy³ Page 77

Ãw- \o-­p-\n -¡ p-¶p. \mw- Dbn-scSp-¡ p-¶Xn-\p-ap-t¼ Ah

Chn-sSbp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.- \½ p-sS acW¯ n-\p tijhpw- Ip-td

hÀ-j§Ä - Ah Chn-sS Ahtijn-¡ pw-.- F¶m - Cu- {]]

©¯ n-se kÀ-thm -Ir-jv-Sam-b Akv-Xn-Xzw- GXm\pw- hÀj

§Ä - am-{Xw- Cu- `q-an-bn - Po-hn¡ p-¶p.- ]cam-h[n- \q-än-bncp

]Xv- hÀ-j§Ä - am-{Xw.- CXv- a\p-jy-_p-² n- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡ p-¶n

Ã.-Xm³ - kÀ-thm -Ir-jv-S\m-sW¶p- ]dbs¸SWsa¦n - Cu-

Po-hn-X¯ n\p- ]p-dsa asäm-cp- Po-hn-Xw- thWsa¶v- a\p-jy³ -

B{Kln-¡ p¶p.-

\· sN¿ m³ - a\p-jy-\n - P·\m-Xs¶ Hcp- hm-k\

bp-­v.- Xn-·tbm-Sv- Ah\v- shdp-¸m-Wv.- ]t£ ,- F´ m-Wv- \·

sb¶pw- F´ m-Wv- Xn-·sb¶pw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- \nÀ-hNn-¡ m³ - a

\p-jy-\v- km[n-¡ p-¶n-Ã.-Ah³ - ]Tn-¨ p-sh¨n-«p-Å Xn-· sN¿ p-

¶ hy-Iv-Xn-Ifn - ]ecpw- Cltem-I¯ v- kp-Jku-Icy-§f\p

`hn-¡ p-¶Xm-bpw- \· sN¿ p-¶hcn - ]ecpw- Ijv-Ss¸Sp-¶

Xm-bpw- Im-Ws¸Sp¶p. \·¡ pw- Xn-·¡ pw- X¡ Xm-b {]Xn-^

ew- \Â -Ip-hm³ - Cu-tem-Is¯ bm-sXm-cp- kw-hn-[m-\¯ n-\pw-

Ign-bn-söXm-Wv- hmkv-Xhw.- kz-´ w- Po-hn-Xw- ap-gp-h³ - a\p-

jy-tkh\¯ n-\p- th­n- \o-¡ n-sh¨ ]e al¯ p-¡ Ä -¡ pw-

kaq-lw- \Â -In-b {]Xn-^ew- aÀZ\§fpw- ]o-U\§fpw- A]

am-\§fp-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶m-Wv- Ncn-{Xw ]Tn-¸n-¡ p-¶Xv.-Ahcn

 - ]ecp-sSbpw- tkh\§sf¡ p-dn-¨ v- kaqlw- bYmÀ-Yw- hn

enbn-cp-¯ p-¶Xp- Xs¶ Ahcp-sS acW¯ n-\p-tijam-bn-cp

¶p.- At¸mÄ - ]n-s¶ Ahcp-sS tkh\§Ä -¡ pw- XymK§Ä -

¡ pw- {]Xn-^ew- \Â -Is¸Sp-¶ Hcp- thZn- Bhiy-an-tÃ?- CXn-

s³ -d adp-hiw- t\m-¡ p-I.- kaq-l§fp-sS Zp-c´ §Ä -¡ v- \nan

¯ am-b {]hÀ-¯ \§Ä - sNbv-Xv- Po-hn-¨ v,- AXn-\n-Sbn - kp

a\pjy³ Page 78

J{]Zam-bn- ]«p-sa¯ bn - In-S¶v- Cltem-Ihm-kw- shSnª

hsc¡ p-dn-¨ pw- N-cn-{Xw- [m-cm-fam-bn- \ap-¡ v- ]dª p-Xcp-¶p

­v.- AhÀ- sNbv-X {Iq-cXIÄ - C¶pw- \s½ sR«n-¸n-¡ phm

³ - t]m-¶Xm-Wv.- ]t£ ,- {]kv-Xp-X {Iq-cXIÄ - sNbv-Xv- s]m-«n

¨ n-cn-¨ v- BË m-Z¯ n-anÀ-¸n - aXn-ad¶v- Iq-¯ m-Sn-s¡ m-­n-cn-¡ p-

¶Xn-¶n-Sbn-em-Wv- Ahcn - ]escbpw- acWw- ISm-£ n-¨Xv.A

hÀ-¡ v- X§fp-sS {IqcXIÄ -¡ v- X¡ Xm-b in-£ sIm-Sp-¡ m³ -

Ign-bp-¶n-sæn - ]ns¶ \-· sN¿ Wsa¶pw- Xn-· shSn-b

Wsa¶pw- ]dbp-¶-X-n-s\´ p-hn-e?- C\n- Ahsc in-£ n-¡ m³ -

Ign-ª m - Xs¶ AhÀ- sNbvX {Iq-cXIÄ -¡ v- Xp-ey-am-b

in-£ \Â -Ip-hm³ - GXp- \o-Xn-\ym-b hy-hkv-Y¡ m-Wv- Ignbp-

I?- Hcm-sf h[n-¨h\pw- Bbn-c§sf sIm-s¶m-Sp-¡ n-bh\pw-

\½ p-sS tIm-SXn-IÄ -¡ v- \Â -Im³ - Ign-bp-¶ ]cam-h[n- in-£

h[ in-£ bm-WtÃm.- CsX§s\ \ym-bam-Ipw?-`u-Xn-I \o-Xn-

\ym-b tIm-SXn-IÄ -s¡ m-¶pw-Xs¶ \·¡ pw Xn·¡ pw- X¡ Xm-

b {]Xn-^ew -\ -Im³ - km-[y-asöv- a\Ê n-em¡ p-t¼ mÄ - A

hbv-¡ v- X¯ p-ey-am-b {]Xn-^ew- \Â -Is¸Sp-¶ Hcp- thZn-¡ p-

th­n- a\p-jy-a\Ê v- B{Kln-¡ p-¶p.- Cu- tem-I¯ n-se kw-

hn-[m-\§sfm-¶pwXs¶ {]kv-Xp-X thZn-¡ v- ]än-bXsöp- a

\Ê n-em-¡ p-t¼ mÄ - {]Xn-^ethZn- Cu- Po-hn-X¯ n-em-bn-¡ q-sS

¶v- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bpw- a\p-jy-_p-² n- hn-[n-¡ p-¶p.-

A\iz-c\m-IWsa¶ B{Klap-Å h\m-Wv- a\p-jy³ .-

BbpÊ n-s³ d \iz-cXsb¡ p-dn-¨ v- \¶m-bn- t_m-[ap-Å hcm-

sW¦n-epw- X§fp-sS IÀ-a§fp-sS ^ew- A\iz-cam-IWsa

¶-pw- aäp-Å hcp-sS a\Ê n-se¦n-epw- Po-hn-¨ n-cn-¡ Wsa¶pw- B

{Kln-¡ p-¶hcm-Wv- \½ sfÃmw.- acw- sh¨p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡ p-¶ ]m-h

s¸« Hcp- ]Sp-hr-² \pw- acWi¿ bn - In-S¶v- Xs³ d t]cn -

a\pjy³ Page 79

al - \nÀ-an-¡ m³ - Hky¯ p- \ -Ip-¶ N{IhÀ-¯ n-bpw- Cu-

B{Klam-Wv- {]ISn-¸n-¡ p-¶Xv; Xm³ - acn-¨m-epw- GsX¦n-ep

sam-cÀ-Y¯ n - Po-hn-¡ Wsa¶ B{Klw.- acWt¯ m-Sp-Iq-Sn- a

\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw- ]qÀ-Wam-bn-¯ s¶ Ahkm-\n-¡ p-sa¶v- Zr-V

am-bn- hn-iz-kn-¡ p-¶ `u-Xn-Ihm-Zn-IÄ - t]mepw- X§Ä - A\

´ am-bn- \n-e\n -¡ Wsa¶v- B{Kln-¡ p-¶hcm-Wv.-cIv-Xkm-

£ n- acn-¡ p-¶n-Ã; AhÀ- Fs¶¶pw- Po-hn-¨ n-cn-¡ p¶psh¶v- {]

Jym-]n-¡ p-¶hcp-sS lr-Zb§Ä -¡ I¯ v- Fs¶¶pw- Pohn-¨ n-

cn-¡ Wsa¶ B{Klam-Wp-Å sX¶v- ]dtb­Xn-ÃtÃm.-

Xs³ -d B-bp-Ê n-\¸p-dw- \o-­p-\n -¡ p-¶ ^e§fp­m-

¡ p¶ IÀ-a§Ä - sN¿ p-hm³ - Ignhp-Å GIPo-hn- a\p-jy-\m-

Wv.- X§fp-sS- Po-hn-X¯ n-s³ -d AXn-cp-IÄ -¡ I¯ v- am-{Xw- H

Xp-§p-¶ ^e§fp-­m-¡ p-¶ IÀ-a§Ä - sN¿ m-t\ CXc Po

hn-IÄ -¡ v- Ign-bq.- a\pjy-sNbv-Xn-IÄ - A§s\bÃ.- Ahbp

sS ^e§Ä - \ÃXm-bmepw- No-¯ bm-bm-epw- Ahs³ -d Bbp-

Ê n-\¸p-dt¯ ¡ pIq-Sn- \o-fp-¶p.-tdUn-tbm- I­p-]n-Sn-¨ imkv-

{XPv-Rs³ -d IÀ-a§fp-sS k ^ehpw- Btäm-an-I t_mw-_v-

I­p-]n-Sn-¨ im-kv-{XPv-Rs³ -d IÀa§fp-sS Zp-jv--^ehpw- Ah

cp-sS Bbp-Ê n-\p-tijw- \q-äm-­p-IÄ - Ign-ª m-epw- P\w- A\p-

`hn-¨ p -sIm-­n-cn-¡ p-¶p.-a\p-jy-cp-sS IÀa§Ä - `q-an-bn-ep­m-

¡ p-¶ ^e§Ä - A\iz-cam-sW¦n - {]kv-Xp-X IÀ-aw- sNbv-

Xh\v- e`n-¡ p-¶ {]Xn-^ehpw- A\iz-camtI­XtÃ?- AsX

sb¶m-Wv- km-am-\y-_p-² n- \Â -Ip-¶ D¯ cw.- A\´ am-b e

£ y§fp-Å a\p-jy-IÀ-a§Ä -¡ v- e`n-¡ p-¶ {]Xn^ehpw- A

\´ am-bn-cn-¡ Ww.-

acW¯ n\p- tijap-Å Hcp- Po-hn-Xw- a\p-jy-_p-² n-bp-

sS kzm`m-hn-Iam-b tX«§fn-sem-¶m-Wv.-Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X Im-ew- ap

a\pjy³ Page 80

XÂ -¡ p-Xs¶ acWm-\´ c Po-hn-X¯ n-ep-Å hn-izm-kw- \n-e \n-

¶n-cp-¶psh¶m-Wv- D -J\\ KthjW§Ä - Im-Wn-¡ p-¶Xv.

acWt¯ m-Sp-Iq-Sn- Ahkm-\n-¡ p-¶Xm-Wv- a\p-jy- Po-hn-Xsa

¦n - \·,-kXyw,-]tcm-]Im-cw,-tkh\w Xp-S§n-bhs¡ m¶pw-

bm-sXm-cp- hn-ebpan-söp -hcp-¶p.- Xn-·Ifpw- A{Ia§fpw-

sNbv-Xv- Cu- £ Wn-I Po-hn-Xw- Bkzm-Zy-Icam-¡ m³ - th­n-

{ian-¡ p-¶bm-tfm-Sv- AXp- icn-bsöp- ]dbp-hm-\p-Å Ahk

cap-­m-hp-¶n-Ã.- AXp-sIm­p-Xs¶ acWm-\´ cw- Hcp- Po-hn

Xap-­m-bn-cn-¡ Ww.- Cu- Po-hnX¯ n - sh¨p- sNbv-X \·I

Ä -¡ v- X¡ Xm-b {]Xn-^ehpw- Xn-·IÄ ¡ v- X¯ p-ey-am-b in£

bpw- \ -Ip-hm³ - km-[n-¡ p-¶ co-Xn-bn - kwhn-[m-\n-¡ s¸« H

cp- Po-hn-Xw-.- B- Po-hn-Xan-sÃ-¦n - a-\p-jy-s\-¶- D -Ir-jv-S- kr-

jv-Sn-bp-sS- A-kv-Xn-Xz-¯ n-\v- bm-sXm-cp- h-n-e-bp-an-Ã.- {]-kvXp-X-

Po-hn-X-¯ n - sh-¨ v- B{K-l§Ä - ap-gp-h³ k^-eo-IrX-am-h-

Ww.-A-Xn-\p- X-¡ -hn-[-¯ n - A-\-iz-c-am-bn-cn-¡ -Ww- ac-Wm\

-´ -c Po-hn-Xw.-

A-\-iz-c-am-b- H-cp- a-cWm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-ap-s­-¦n - B-

Po-hnX-¯ n-se- kp-J-hpw- kw-Xr-]v-Xn-bp-am-bn-cn-¡ pw- b-YmÀ-Y

¯ nep-Å - kpJw;- A-Xn-se- B-Ë m-Z-am-bn-cn-¡ pw- b-YmÀ-Y-¯ n

ep-Å - B-Ë mZw;- A-Xn-se- {]-bm-k-§-fpw- Zp-cn-X-§-fp-am-bn-cn-

¡ pw- i-cn-¡ p-Å - Zp-cnXw.- A-Xp-sIm-­p-X-s¶- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- C

ltem-I- Po-hn-X-¯ n-s³ d- e£ yw-- a-cWm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-se-

tam-£ -am-bn-cn-¡ -Ww.- £ -Wn-I-am-b- Cu- Po-hn-X-¯ n-se- kp-J

§-fpw- Zpx-J-§-fpsaÃmw- Xm -¡ m-en-I-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\m Cu- Po-

hn-X-¯ n - A -]w- Xym-Kw - kln-¨m-epw- a-c-Wm-\-´ -cw- kpJw-

e-`n-¡ -W-sa-¶- co-Xn-bn - a-\p-jyÀ- X-§-f-p-sS- Po-hn-Xw- Nn-«-s¸ -

Sp-¯ Ww.- \n-Xy-am-b- H-cp- Po-hn-X-¯ n-te-¡ p-Å - H-cp- Ir-jn-bnSw-

a\pjy³ Page 81

am-{X-am-bn-cn-¡ pw- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n - hn-iz-kn-¡ p-¶- H-

cm-sf- kw-_-\-v-[n-¨ n-S-t¯ m-fw- Cu- tem-I-Po-hn-Xw.- A-Xp-sIm­p

-X-s¶- Abm-f-psS- Po-hn-X-¯ n-\v- A-Sp-¡ pw- Nn-«-bp-ap-­m-Ip-¶

Xn-\pw- A-Xv- \-·-bn-e-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pw- Cu- hn-izm-kw-

\n-an-¯ -am-bn-¯ o-cp-¶p.-

a-c-Wm-\-´ -cw- H-cp- Po-hn-Xw- th-W-sa-¶v- a-\p-jy-a-\-Ê v-

B-{Kln-¡ p-¶p-sh¶-Xv- t\-cv.- F-¶m - A-¯ -c-sam-cp- Po-hn-X-

ap-­v F-¶Xn-\v- F-´ m-Wv- sX-fn-hv?- Cu- tem-I-¯ v- I-s¿ --¯ n

¨ -m - In-«p-¶- kpJ-ku-I-cy-§Ä - sh-Sn-ª v- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po

hn-X-¯ n-se- \-·-¡ p-th­n ]-cn-{i-a-n-¡ p-¶-Xv- A-h-km-\w- hrYm-

hn-em-Ip-tam?- ]-c-tem-I¯ v- t]m-bn- B-cpwX-s¶- a-S-§nh-¶n-«n-

sÃ-¶-Xn-\m - -a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n - {]-Xo-£ -I-fÀ-¸n-¡ p

¶Xv- hyÀ-Y-am-Ip-tam?- C-¯ -cw- tNmZy-§Ä - kz-m-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ ]-T\-¯ n-\v--- ]-Zm-À--Y-s¯ -bpw-

AXn-s³ d- kz`m-§-sf-bpw- Ip-dn-¨ - ]-T-\¯ n-\v- \mw- D-]-tbm-Kn

¡ p¶- amÀ-K-§Ä - Xo-sc- A-\p-tbm-Py-a-Ã.- acW-s¯ -t¸m-epw-

\nÀ-h-Nn-¡ m³ - C-Xp-h-sc- I-gn-ª n-«n-Ãm-¯ - im-kv{Xo-b- \n-co£ -

W- co-Xn-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-¨ v- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-s¯ - kw_-\v-[n

¨ v- \mw- a-\-Ê n-em-¡ p-¶-sX-§-s\?- Cu- {]-]-©-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ v- ]

Tn-¡ p-hm³ - cq-]-IÂ -]-\- sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å - im-kv-{X-kn² m-´ -§-fp

]-tbm-Kn-¨ v- {]-]-©m-Xo-X-am-b- H-cp- Im-cy-s¯ -bpw- Ip-dn-¨ v- a-\

Ê n-em¡ p-hm³ - I-gn-bn-sÃ-¶v- km-am-\y-_p-² n-X-s¶- k-½ -Xn-¡ p-

¶p.-At¸mÄ - ]n-s¶- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-s³ -d- k-Xy-X- \-

ap-s¡ -§s\- t_m-[y-s¸ -Spw?-

k-z-´ w- Po-hn-X-¯ n-sâ - e£ y-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ v- A-t\z-jn-¨ p-

sIm-­n-cn-¡ p-¶- a-\p-jyÀ-¡ v- ap-¼ n - {]-kv-Xp-X- e-£ y-s¯ -

Ip-d-n¨ v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]-d-ª p-sIm-Sp-¯ -h-cm-bn-cp-¶p- {]-hm-N-I

a\pjy³ Page 82

·mÀ.-a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-s¯ -Ip-dn-¨ v- A-hÀ- ]-d-ª -Xv- ssZ-h-

t_m-[-\-§-fp-sS- A-Sn-Ø m-\-¯ n-em-bn-cp-¶p.- kÀ-tÆ -iz-c-\m -

\n-tbm-Kn-¡ -s¸ -«-h-cm-Wv- X-§-sf-¶v- hy-à -am-¡ p-¶- h-y-à -amb-

sX-fn-hp-I-fp-am-bm-Wv- A-hÀ- k-aq-l-¯ n-\p- ap-¼ n - {]-Xy-£

s¸ -«Xv-.-k-Xy-k-Ô -cm-b- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- Po-hn-X- hn-ip-² n-bn -

\n-¶pw- A-h-cn-eq-sS- {]-Xy-£ -s¸ -«- ssZ-hn-I- Zr-jv-Sm-´ -§-fn -

\n-¶pw- A-hÀ- ]-d-bp-¶- Im-cy-§Ä - ssZ-hn-I- t_m-[-\-¯ n-sâ -

A-Sn-Ø m-\-¯ n - X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶v- hy-à -am-bn-cp-¶p.-a

-c-Wm-\-´ -c -Po-hn-s¯ -Ip-dn-¨ v- A-Xn-sâ - kw-hn-[m-b-I³ - \-s½ -

A-dn-bn-¡ m³ - D-t±-in-¨ - Im-cy-§Ä - {]-hm-N-I-·m-cn-eq-sS- sh-fn-

s¸ -Sp-¯ p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶v- km-cw.-

a-X-§-fp-sS-sb-Ãmw- s]m-Xp-hm-b- X-¯ z-§-fn-sem-¶m-Wv-

a-cWm\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-ep-Å - hn-izm-k-sa-¶Xv- Im-Wm³ - I-gn-

bpw.- hn-iZmwi-§-fn - hy-Xy-kv-X-am-sW-¦nepw- ]-ctem-I- Po-

hn-X-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ - hn-izm-kw- F-Ãm- a-X-k-aq-l-§-fn-epw- \n-e-\n

 -¡ p-¶p-­v.- A-hKm-l-am-b- ]T-\w- hn-i-Zmw-i-§-fn-ep-Å - hy-

Xymkw- ]n-¶o-Sv- I-S-¶ph-¶-Xm-sW-¶pw- F-Ãm- a-X- k-aq-l-§

fp-sS-bpw- DÂ -]-¯ n-Im-e-¯ v- H-tc- cq-]-¯ n-ep-Å - ]-c-tem-I- hn-

iz-m-kw- X-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p \n-e-\n¶n-cp-¶-sX-¶pw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡ p-

¶p-­v.- a-c-Wm-\-´ -cw- F-´ p- kw-`hn-¡ p-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-s\-¡ p-dn¨ v-

a-X-{]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- ]-d-ª -Xv C-§-s\- kw-t£ -]n-¡ mw:--"a-

\pjy³ - a-c-W-s¸ -Sp-¶-tXmSp-Iq-Sn- A-h-s³ -d- Po-hn-Xw- A-hkm-

\n-¡ p-¶n-Ã.- im-iz-X-am-b- H-cp- ]-c-tem-IPo-hn-Xw- h-cm-\n-cn-¡ p

¶tX-bpÅ q.-- \-·-IÄ -¡ pw - Xn-·-IÄ -¡ pw- B- th-Zn-bn -sh-¨ v- X-

¡ -Xm-b- {]-Xn-^-ew- e-`n-¡ pw.- {k-jv-Sm-hpw- ]cn]m-e-I-\p-am-b-

kÀ-h-i-Iv-X³ - A-dn-bn-¨ p-X-¶- hn-[n-hn-e-¡ p-IÄ - AwKo-I-cn-¨ p-

sIm-­v- Po-hn-¡ p-¶-Xm-Wv- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-se- imiz

a\pjy³ Page 83

X- hn-P-b-¯ n-\p-Å - amÀ-Kw.- k-Xy-hn-iz-m-kn-I-fp-sS- B-{K-l-§

fpw- A-`n-em-j-§-fpw- {]-Xo-£ -I-fpw- k-¦Â -]-§-fp-sa-Ãmw- km-

£ m-XvI-cn-¡ -s¸ -Sp-¶- ]-c-tem-I-¯ v- sh-¨ p- X-s¶- k-Xy-\n-tj

[n-IÄ -¡ v- ITn-\-am-b- in-£ -bpw- \Â -I-s¸ -Sp-w'.-

tem-I-¯ p- h-¶- F-Ãm- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cpw- ]-Tn-¸n-¨ - X-¯ z

§-fnsem-¶m-Wv- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-ep-Å - hn-izm-k-sa-¶v-

]-d-ª phtÃm.-sk-an-än-Iv- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cpw- `m-c-Xo-b- E-jn-amcp-

saÃmw- a-cWm-\-´ c- Po-hn-X-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ v- ]-Tn-¸n-¨ n-cp-¶-Xmbn-

Im-Wm³ - I-gn-bpw.-k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-IÄ -¡ v- {]-th-in-¡ p-hm-\pÅ -

kzÀK-cm-Py-s¯ -¡ p-dn-¨ pw- ZpÀ-hr-¯ À-¡ m-bn- H-cp-¡ n-sh-¨ n-«p

Å - \c-I-s¯ -bpw- Ip-dn-¨ v- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-¿ m-sX- H-cp- {]-hm

N-I-\pw- Ign-ª p-t]m-bn-«n-sÃ-¶Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- JpÀ-B³ -

]-dª -sX-{X- i-cn-:- ""XoÀ-¨ -bm-bpw- \n-s¶- \mw- A-b-¨ n-cn-¡ p

¶-Xv- k-Xy-hpw- sIm-­m-Wv.-H-cp- k-t´ m-j-hmÀ¯ - A-dn-bn¡ p-

¶-h-\pw- Xm-¡ o-Xp-Im-c-\p-am-bn-«v.- H-cp- Xm-¡ o-Xp-Im-c³ - I-gnª p-

t]m-Im-¯ - H-cp- k-ap-Zm-b-hp-an-Ã''.- (35:-24)-

A\izcXsb ]p Iphm\pÅ a\pjya\Ê ns³ d A`n

hm©sbbpw Xn·IfnÃm¯ temIs¯ ¡ pdn¨ a\pjymXv

amhns³ d Bisbbpw a\pjyPohnbpsS {]tbmP\hmZs¯

bpw ka\zbn¸n¡ pIbmWv Ckvemw ]ctemI hnizmk¯ n

eqsS sN¿ p¶Xv.Cu temIs¯ ss\anjnIamb PohnX¯ n

 \· sNbvXm acWm\´ cw kpµcamb kzÀKcmPyw {]

Xn^eambn e`n¡ pw. Xn· sNbvXht\m `bm\Iamb \cI

PohnXamWv e`n¡ pI.F´ n\v \· sN¿ Wsa¶ a\pjy Po

hnbpsS tNmZy¯ n\pÅ D¯ cw ChnsS e`n¡ p¶p. "]c

temI PohnX¯ n kzÀKw IckvYam¡ phm³ '. Xn·Ifpw

{]bmk§fpanÃm¯ kpµctemIsa¶ a\pjymXvamhns³ d

a\pjy³ Page 84

AS§m¯ Bibpw kzÀK-temIsa¶ hnizmk¯ n km

£ mXvIrXamhp¶p.

a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Pohn-X¯ n-sâ - k-Xy-X-sb-Ip-dn-¨ - B-i-¦

bpw- JpÀ-B-\n-se-¯ p-t¼ mÄ - C-Ãm-sX-bm-Ip-¶p.- JpÀ-B³ - ]q

À-®-am-bpw- ssZ-hn-I-am-sW-¶v- \n-e-hn-ep-Å - hn-Ú m-\- im-J

I-sf-Ãmw- km-£ yw- h-ln-¡ p-¶p-­v.- JpÀ-B-\p-am-bn- {]-Xy-£ -

s¸ -«- ap-l-½ -Zv- \-_n-()-bm-h-s«- k-Xy-k-Ô -X-¡ v- i-{Xp-¡ fpsS-

t]m-epw- Aw-Ko-Im-c-¯ n-\v- ]m-{X-am-b- hy-à n-bm-Wv.- D-Å -S-¡ w-

\q-dv- i-X-am-\w k-Xy-am-sW-¶-Xn-\v- JpÀ-B³ - kz-bw- km-£ n

\n -¡ p-¶p.- A-Xn - A-k-Xy-sa-m-¶ap-­-m-Im\n-S-bn-sÃ-¶v- A

Xp-am-bn- h-¶- hy-à n-bp-sS- Po-hn-X-hpw- km-£ yw- h-ln-¡ p-¶p.-

a-c-Wm-´ -c- Po-hn-X¯ n-sâ - k-Xy-X- Ø m-]n-¡ p-I-bpw- A-hn-sS-

kw-`-hn-¡ m-\n-cn-¡ p-¶- Im-cy-§-sf-Ip-dn-¨ v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡ p-Ibpw-

sN-¿ p-¶p­v- JpÀ-B³ .-A-Xn-sâ - aq-¶n-sem¶v- `m-K-¯ v- Du-¶n-

]-d-ª n-cn-¡ p-¶- hn-izm-k-am-W-Xv.-

\·IÄ ¡ pw Xn·IÄ ¡ pw X¡ Xmb {]Xn^ew e`n

¡ p¶ thZn hcm\ncn¡ p¶psh¶ t_m[w a\pjysc sXäp

Ifn \n¶v AIäp¶p. \· sN¿ m\h¶v t{]cW \ Ip¶

Xpw {]kvXpX t_m[w Xs¶.\·bpsSbpw Xn·bpsSbpw X

¡ Xmb {]Xn^ew \Â Ip¶Xv ]S¨ X¼ pcm\mWv F¶Xn

\m Xs¶ AhnsS bmsXmcp A\oXnbpap­mhpIbnÃ.

""At¸mÄ BÀ Hcp AWphns³ d Xq¡ w \· sNbvXn

cp¶pthm Ah\Xv ImWpw.BÀ Hcp AWphns³ d Xq¡ w Xn

· sNbvXncp¶pthm AXpah³ ImWpw''(hn.JpÀ-B³ -99:7,8).

hn-ip-² - JpÀ-B-\n - a-c-Wm-\-´ -c- Po-hn-X-¯ n-s³ -d- k-

Xy-X- Du-¶n-bq-¶n-¸ -d-bp-I-bpw- kzÀ-K -{]m-]v-Xn-¡ p-th-­n- ]-cn-

a\pjy³ Page 85

{i-an-t¡ -­-Xn-s³ -d- Bh-iy-I-X-sb- bp-Iv-Xn-bp-Iv-Xw- kv-Ym-]n

¡ pI-bpw- sN¿ p¶p-­v.- k-Xy-¯ n ,- ]-c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-s¯ - kw-

_-\v-[n-¨ v- hn-ip-² - JpÀ-B-\n-s\-t¸m-se- hn-i-Z-am-bn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-

¡ -s¸ -«n-«p-Å - a-säm-cp- {K-\v-Y-an-Ã.- a-c-Wm-\-´ -c-Po-hn-X-s¯ - \n-

tj-[n-¡ p-¶-hÀ-¡ p-Å - adp-]-Sn-bpw- {]-kv-Xp-X- Po-hn-X-s¯ - k

aÀ-Yn-¡ p-¶- {]-Xn-]m-Z-\-§-fpw- am-{X-a-Ã JpÀ-B-\n-ep-Å -Xv.- kz

ÀK -Po-hn-X-¯ n-se- B-\-µ-{]-Z-amb- A-\p-`-h-§-sf-bpw- \-c-I¯ n-

se- {]-bm-k-§-sf-bpw- Ip-dn-¨ v- hn-iZam-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä - JpÀ-

B-\n-ep-­v.- G-Xm-\pw- JpÀ-B³ - kq-IvX§fp-sS- km-cw- {i-² n-

¡ p-I-:-

"G-sXm-cp- tZ-l-hpw- a-c-Ww- B-kz-Zn-¡ p-¶-Xm-Wv.- \n-§-

fp-sS- {]-Xn-^-e-§Ä - D-bnÀ-s¯ -gp-t¶Â -]n-s³ -d- \m-fn - am-{X-

ta- \n-§Ä ¡ v- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- \ -I-s¸ -Sp-I-bp-Å q.-A-t¸mÄ - B-

cv- \-c-I-¯ n \n¶v- A-I-än-\nÀ-¯ -s¸ -Sp-I-bpw- kzÀ-K-¯ n - {]-

th-in-¸n-¡ -s¸ -SpI-bpw- sN-¿ p-¶p-thm- A-h-\m-Wv- hn-P-bw- t\

Sp-¶-Xv.- sF-ln-I-PohnXw- I_-fn-¸n-¡ -s¸ -Sp-¶- H-cp- hn-`-h-a-Ãm-

sX- a-säm-¶p-a-Ã'- (3:185).-

"hn-iz-kn-¡ p-I-bpw- k-Zv-IÀ-a-§Ä - {]-hÀ-¯ n-¡ -p-I-bpw-

sN-bv-XhÀ¡ v- Xm-gv-`m-K-¯ p-Iq-Sn- \Zn-I-sfm-gp-Ip-¶- kzÀ-K-t¯ m-

¸p-IÄ - e-`n¡ m-\p-s­-¶v- k-t´ m-j-hmÀ-¯ - A-dn-bn-¡ p-I'-(2-:25).

-

"A-hn-iz-kn-¡ p-I-bpw- \-½ p-sS- Zr-jv-Sm-´ -§Ä - \n-tj-[n-

¨ p- X-Å p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-cm-tcm- A-h-cm-bn-cn-¡ pw- \-c-Im-h-Im

in-IÄ .- A-hc-Xn - \n-Xy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-¡ pw'- (2:-39).-

"kq-£ v-a-X-bp-Å -hÀ-¡ v- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-¿ -s¸ -«n-«p-Å - k-z

À-K-¯ n-s³ -d- A-h-kv-Y- F-§-s\sb-¶m - A-Xn - ]-IÀ¨ -- h

cm-¯ - shÅ -¯ n-s³ -d- A-c-p-hn-I-fp-­v.- cp-Nn-t`-Zw- h-cm-¯ - ]men-

a\pjy³ Page 86

s³ -d- A-cp-hnI-fpw- I-p-Sn-¡ p-¶-hÀ-¡ v- B-kzm-Zy-am-b- a-Zy-¯ n-

s³ -d- A-cp-hn-I-fpw- ip-² o-I-cn-¡ -s¸ -«- tX-\n-s³ -d- A-cp-hn-I-fp

ap-­v.- A-hÀ-¡ -Xn - FÃm-¯ --cw- Im-bv-I-\n-I-fp-ap-­v.- X-§fp-

sS- c-£ n-Xm-hn-¦-Â -\n-¶p-Å - ]m]-tam-N-\-hp-ap-­v.- (Cu- kzÀ-K-

hm-kn-I-fp-sS- A-h-kv-Y-)- \-c-I-¯ n - \n-Xy-hm-kn-bm-bn-«p-Å -h-

s\-t¸m-se-B-bn-cn-¡ p-tam?-- A-¯ -c-¡ mÀ-¡ -m-I-s«- sIm-S-pw-Nq-Sp-

Å - sh-Å -am-bn-cn-¡ pw- Ip-Sn-¡ m³ - \Â -Is¸Sp-I.- A-§-s\- A-

Xv- A-hcp-sS- Ip-S-ep-I-sf- On-¶-`n-¶-am-¡ n-¡ -fbpw' (47-:15).-

a-\p-jy- Po-hn-X-¯ n-sâ - e-£ -y-sa-´ m-sW-¶- tNm-Zy-¯ n-

\v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- D-¯ -cw- \Â -Ip-¶- {K-Ù -am-Wv- JpÀ-B³ -.- ssZ

h- im-]-tIm-]-§-fp-sS- `-h-\am-b- \-c-I-¯ n - \n-¶v- c-£ -s¸ -«v-

A-h-sâ - Im-cp-Wy-¯ n-sâ - ]qÀ-®- {]-Im-i-\w- \-S-¡ p-¶- kzÀ

K-¯ nse-¯ n-t¨m-cp-I.-kzÀ-K- {]-th-i-\sa-¶- e-£ -y--¯ n-\p- th-

­n- {]-hÀ-¯ -\-§-fn - GÀ-s¸ -Sp-t¼ m-Ä - A-Xn-¶v- Bß mÀ-¯

X-bpw- Po-h-\p-ap-­m-Ipw-;- tem-I-am-\y-hpw- kzmÀ-°-X-bpap-­m-

hn-Ã.- \n-cm-i-t_m-[-¯ n - \n-¶v- ap-à -am-bn- C-hn-sS- Po-hn-¡ p-

hm-\pw- k-am-[m-\-Nn-¯ -am-bn- Cu- Po-hn-Xw- B-kz-Zn-¡ p-hm-\pw-

I-gn-b-W-sa-¦n - ]-c-t-em-I- t_m-[-ap-­m-tb- a-Xn-bm-Iq.-kzÀ-K-

¯ n-\p- th-­n-bp-Å - Pohn-Xw- h-gn- am-{X-ta- `q-an-bn-epw- im-´ n-

bpw- k-am-[m-\-hp-ap-­-m-Iq-sb-¶À-°w-.-

****