PKE 2 Method Study and Analysis 5

8/11/2019 PKE 2 Method Study and Analysis 5

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W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S

WORK METHOD AND

MOTION STUDY


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1. VISUAL MOTION STUDY

First classification of motion studycommonly

used because of the lesser cost than the micromotion

study.

Measuring by direct observation


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THE THERBLIG

ELEMENTS(basic

motion elements)


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THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS

17 elemen-elemen gerakan dasar (Therblig) dapatdiklasifikasikan menjadi effective dan ineffective.

Effective Therblig :Physical Basic divisions :

- Menjangkau (reach), lambang huruf RE- Membawa (move), lambang huruf M- Melepas (release), lambang huruf RL- Memegang (grasp), lambang huruf G

- Mengarahkan awal (pre position), lambang PP

Objective Basic Divisions :- Memakai (use), lambang huruf U- Merakit (assemble), lambang huruf A

- Mengurai rakit (disassemble), lambang DA


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THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS

Ineffective Therblig :Mental atau semi mental Basic Devisions

- Mencari (search), lambang huruf S- Memilih (select), lambang huruf SE

- Mengarahkan (position), lambang huruf P- Memeriksa (inspect), lambang huruf I- Merencana (plan), lambang huruf PL

Delay- Kelambatan yang tidak terhindarkan UD

(unavoidable delay)- Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan AD

(avoidable delay)- Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah R

(rest to overcome fatique)

- Memegang untuk memakai (hold) H


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CONTOH :Uraian gerak seseorang yang akan menulis, dimulai darimenjangkau untuk mengambil pen sampai mengembalikannya

pen kembali ke tempat semula (pen holder)Langkah dalam penulisan

1. Mengambil pen

2. Memegang pen

3. Membawa pen ke kertas4. Mengarahkan pen untuk menulis

5. Menulis

6. Mengembalikan pen ke tempatnya

7. Memasukkan pen ke dlmtempatnya

8. Melepaskan pen

9. Menggerakkan kembali tangan kekertas

Nama Gerakan

Menjangkau

Memegang

MembawaMengarahkan

Memakai

Membawa

Mengarahkansementara

Melepas

Menjangkau(transport empty)


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WORK METHOD STUDY

Method study :systematical investigation and documentation

activity of how the work is done.

Method study :understanding the optimaltechniques and

principals of a work system.Method study

Work system

components :materialsmachines & toolsworkersenvironment

Work systemalternatives

The bestalternative

effective (shorter time)efficient (less cost)

productive


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WORK SYSTEM COMPONENTS

WORK METHOD(procedure,steps, ordering)

Temperature, lighting, noise, etc.)

(physical environment)

Display, ease of use(machines and tools)

Produk Jadi(Output)

Raw materialssupplies/input

(materials)

Ability, age, physical, experience(human/worker)


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Process and work method improvement

Human, machine, materials improvement and economy

Proper effort-fatigue of the humans involved

Working layout and environment improvement

Bottlenecks

Targets/outputs does not meet planning (quantity and quality)

Errors, discomforts, accidents in work

OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES

Method studyobjectives

Method studynecessities


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High frequency and lengthy movement of materials and workers

Bottlenecks

An operation is being done repeatedly in a long time span

Increasing scrap and rework cost

Product quality not consistent

Workers complaint

Work fatigueneed a lot of rest Benchmark from another company

Labor-turnover and absenteeism

OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES

Necessities - M.G.Stevenson


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WORK METHOD STUDY

WHAT TO ACHIEVE ?- Method evaluation

- Machine evaluation- Environment evaluation

- Rest/work hour evaluation

- Work load evaluation

- Layout evaluation

HOW TO MEASURE IT ?

WHAT TO MEASURE ?Observe the object Define the problems

Identify spectacles

Problems

Spectacles

Proper, valid, and

reliable method

Measurement

Arrangement

The Best

Work System


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STEPS IN WORK METHOD STUDY

Initial considerations :- Will there be any economic

benefits from the outputs ? YES

- Adequate knowledge and skillsto conduct work method study? YES

- Will there be any negativereaction or response from theworkers ? NO

Identification of work

operations (method)

Data collection

Work operations/method

documentation

Work method alternatives

recommendation

New suggested work

method implementation


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WHAT TO CONSIDER ?

CONSIDERATION

FORM OF

COMPANY

FORM OF THE

MACHINESFORM OF THE

WORK TIME

SMALL/TRADITIONAL

BIG/MODERNIZED

AUTOMIZED MANUAL CONTINOUS BATCH

- standard- SOP- Permission- layout- environment

- human/workerinvolvement

- movement- work station- job element- layout

- measurementmethod

- idle time- sampling method- job element


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MOTION ECONOMY STUDY

Motion study :A study of motions done by the workers to

finish their job, to achieve effective and efficient standard

motionssave time and cost

Objectives :To eliminate/lessen unneffective motionsandreplace it with the more effectives

Understanding and use of work charts is vital !

- Eliminates unnecessary activity

- Combines activity or movement

- Simplifies the activity

MOTION ECONOMY STUDYPRINCIPALS (MUNDEL) :


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MOTION ECONOMY STUDY


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MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS

Physical condition and limitation of work movement

Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time

Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the

opposite direction

Only use the needed parts of the body Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue

Eye-movement must be focused on an area

1. HUMAN BODY USE


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Physical condition and limitation of work movement

Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time

Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the

opposite direction

Only use the needed parts of the body Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue

Eye-movement must be focused on an area

1. HUMAN BODY USE


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Fixed layoutroutine movements

Ease of use and comfortable materials and toolsplacement

Layout must enable the best movement order

Machines and tools dimensions must fit the body

Good working environment

2. WORKPLACE


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Minimize manual activity use machine or tools

Use multi-functioned tools Tools placement must be easy to find and reach

Workload must be balanced

3. TOOLS DESIGN


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2. MICROMOTION STUDY

Used when finding difficulties

in determining differences

between one Therbligh (work

element) and another.

Work element time is very fast

Need to record the motion

Record motions from a

work cycle

Play and view recorded

video repeatedly

Draw a conclusion

Interpret the motions into

SIMO (Simultaneous

Motion Chart)

Work motions suggestion


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TUGAS

1. Buat kelompok

2. Cari jurnal yang membahas tentang studi gerak atau

telaah metode

3. Susunlah resume jurnal yang berfokus pada metodepenelitian yang dilakukan, dengan format :

- pendahuluan

- permasalahan

- metode

- hasil

- analisislah metode sudah baik atau belum

4. Lengkapi dengan referensi/literatur

5. Dikumpulkan pertemuan selanjutnya

Documents

PKE 2 Method Study and Analysis 5