PKP findings report

Findings Report | August 2009

The mission of Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways

is to attract visitors to the area surrounding

the Allegheny ReseRvoiR, educate them on the rich history of its past,

provide facilities to enjoy the present,

and enhance wilderness access

and stewardship for the future.

Respectfully submitted by

Joe Colosimo

ines nelson

Coralee Wenzel

August 14, 2009

pennsylvania kinzua pathways – findings report august 2009

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The Allegheny National Forest, specifically the area surrounding the Allegheny Reservoir, offers breathtaking beauty year-round. From its rolling, forested hills to the stunning foliage to the pristine, rich blue waters, the sights and sounds are awe inspiring during each of the area’s clearly defined seasons. A visit to the reservoir quickly releases whatever stress you may have had and stimulates the senses of the outdoor lover and adventure seeker. Visitors to this area truly have the opportunity to become one with nature.

What often goes unnoticed is that this magnificent landscape holds secrets of an era long gone. Natives to the area and their descendants know of these secrets and the rich historical and cultural heritage that, for many, was lived and is not forgotten.

Life is a journey, not a destination.

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways (PKP) hopes to capture this history while enhancing the visitor experience through stewardship and opportunities for adventure. PKP will inform and educate future generations of the rich history beneath the reservoir’s blue waters and the surrounding lands. This history will start with the glacier era and take visitors all the way through to the days of the once vibrant Kinzua Valley and construction of the Kinzua Dam. Interpretive and interactive learning

vehicles will be used to honor, celebrate, and preserve this invaluable resource for the benefit of local and global visitors alike.

some of this rich history is

revealed in these words by

Johnny Cash in the lyrics to

“As long As the grass shall grow”

As long as the moon shall rise as long as the rivers flowAs long as the sun will shine as long as the grass shall growThe Senecas are an Indian tribe of the Iroquois nationDown on the New York Pennsylvania Line you’ll find their reservationAfter the US revolution Cornplanter was a chiefHe told the tribe these men they could trust that was his true beliefHe went down to Independence Hall and there was a treaty signedThat promised peace with the USA and Indian rights combinedGeorge Washington gave his signature the Government gave its handThey said that now and forever more that this was Indian landAs long as the moon shall rise...

On the Seneca reservation there is much sadness nowWashington’s treaty has been broken and there is no hope no howAcross the Allegheny River they’re throwing up a damIt will flood the Indian country a proud day for Uncle SamIt has broke the ancient treaty with a politician’s grinIt will drown the Indians graveyards Cornplanter can you swimThe earth is mother to the Senecas they’re trampling sacred groundChange the mint green earth to black mud flats as honor hobbles down

As long as the moon shall rise...The Iroquois Indians used to rule from Canada way southBut no one fears the Indians now and smiles the liar’s mouthThe Senecas hired an expert to figure another siteBut the great good army engineers said that he had no rightAlthough he showed them another plan and showed them another wayThey laughed in his face and said no deal Kinzua dam is here to stayCongress turned the Indians down brushed off the Indians pleaSo the Senecas have renamed the dam they call it Lake PerfidyAs long as the moon shall rise...

Washington Adams and Kennedy now hear their pledges ringThe treaties are safe we’ll keep our word but what is that gurglingIt’s the back water from Perfidy Lake it’s rising all the timeOver the homes and over the fields and over the promises fineNo boats will sail on Lake Perfidy in winter it will fillIn summer it will be a swamp and all the fish will killBut the Government of the USA has corrected George’s vowThe father of our country must be wrong what’s an Indian anyhowAs long as the moon shall rise (look up) as long as the rivers flow (are you thirsty)As long as the sun will shine (my brother are you warm)

as long as the grass shall grow

preface

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways is, first and foremost, a historical

awareness project designed to benefit and educate locals and

visitors for generations to come.

Welcome to the journey.


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beginnings

This project was initiated by members of the Leadership Warren County Class of 2009: Melissa Anderson, Lana Creal, Joe Colosimo, Brandon Deppen, Stephanie Freitag, Ines Nelson, and Coralee Wenzel. When presented with the opportunity to embark on a community project as part of the leadership program, the team developed this ambitious plan to renovate, update, and bring together the various recreational resources surrounding the Allegheny Reservoir, conceptualized as “Connecting the Dots” of the Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways.

Upon graduation from the Leadership Warren County Program, Joe Colosimo, Ines Nelson, and Coralee Wenzel are continuing this effort and are dedicated to seeing this vision turn into reality. We continue to promote the project by connecting with local and regional organizations, forming partnerships, and continuing to gain knowledge and information for the development of the project.

Over the past few months, we have received encouraging feedback about Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways. We believe that when we talk about tourism growth, especially in an area as naturally and historically significant as the Allegheny Reservoir, we cannot emphasize enough the importance of stewardship. The preservation of the area’s cultural,

historical, and natural resources are key components of the PKP project.

In addition to building trails and improving facilities, PKP aims to increase historical awareness, provide educational opportunities and promote stewardship of our natural resources. For example, there is tremendous history in this area that includes the Seneca Nation of Indians and the building of the Kinzua Dam along with the creation of the reservoir itself, but many visitors do not have a chance to learn about these events because they are not captured or explained. Our project will change that.

During the awareness phase, our efforts were focused on building relationships between all the stakeholders in the area. One of our main goals is to ensure that the project moves forward in an organized, cooperative manner that makes economic sense but also preserves the pristine, remote nature of the reservoir which makes it such a special place to so many.


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special thanks & acknowledgements

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways is complex in terms of its size and scope. The project covers a large area in and around the Allegheny Reservoir and is under jurisdiction of multiple governmental agencies.

Success for the project can only be achieved through individuals, groups, government agencies and non-profit entities working together towards the same goal.

Throughout the project’s initial roll-out, the PKP group reached out to and received tremendous insight, encouragement, information, and guidance from the following individuals, agencies, groups, and organizations.

Ms. Leanne Marten, Allegheny National ForestMr. Tony Scardina, Allegheny National ForestMs. Tonika Goins, Allegheny National Forest

Mr. Steve Lauser, Army Corp of EngineersMs. Christine Boyer-Krantz, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

Mr. Dan Glotz, Warren County Planning and Zoning CommissionMs. Meredith Hill, DCNR, Pennsylvania Wilds Director

Ms. Tataboline Brant, Pennsylvania WildsMs. Dana Crisp, DCNR- Recreation Unit 1

Mr. Michael Wennin, Pennsylvania Lumber Heritage RegionMr. Wes Ramsey, Penn Soil RC&D Council

Mr. Travis Hummel, Warren County Recreation DirectorMr. Michael Olewine, Warren County Visitors Bureau

Ms. Patty Sherbondy, Warren Public LibraryMs. Penny Woboldt, Warren Public Library

Mr. Jim Goodling, Leadership Warren CountyMs. Barb Tubbs, Leadership Warren CountyMs. Pat Evans, Leadership Warren County

Mr. Todd Ristau, Leadership Warren CountyMr. Rick Esch, Tuna Valley Trail Association

Mr. Andrew Georgakis, Northern Allegheny Mountain Bike AssociationMr. Joshua Ellis, Northern Allegheny Mountain Bike Association

Mr. Mike Zobrest, Northern Allegheny Mountain Bike AssociationMr. Rob Arnold, Northern Allegheny Mountain Bike Association

Mr. Frank Maguire, International Mountain Bicycling Assoc. Mid-Atlantic

Ms. Delores Berry, Warren County Career CenterMr. Dan Passmore, Warren County Career Center

Ms. Donna Zariczny, Inscale PCMr. Jeff Zariczny, Inscale PC

Mr. Harvey Stone, H PE TransystemMr. Mark Phillips, Mayor, City of WarrenMs. Piper Lindell, Allegheny Outfitters

Mr. Thad Turner, Warren YMCAMr. Dave Winans, Winans Insurance

Mr. John Beard, Northwest Savings BankMs. Dana Harrington

Mr. Jim Decker, Warren County Chamber of Business and IndustryMr. John Papalia, Executive Director, Council on Tourism

Ms. Karen Coombs, Council on Tourism BoardMr. Kerry Gern, Council on Tourism BoardMs. Kay Eadie, Council on Tourism Board

Council on TourismLarson and Associates ArchitectsWarren County Historical Society

ANF Vacation Bureau, McKean CountyAllegheny Outdoor Club

AR Trucking, Inc.Northwest Savings Bank

Whirley Drink WorksHoliday Inn of Warren

Nelson Creative Services, Inc.

It Is WIth our most sIncere gratItude that We

gIve specIal thanks to the folloWIng:


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www.fs.fed.us www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/recreation/mountainbikes/index.shtmlwww.fs.fed.us/r5/mountainbikes/www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/recreation/mountain_biking/index.shtmlwww.fs.fed.us/r9/allegheny/www.pawildsresources.org www.pawilds.comwww.dcnr.state.pa.us/brc/heritageparks/pacorridor.aspx www.lumberheritage.org (“About Us”/Interpretive Plan/Pages 96-97) www.wherigo.comwww.unwto.orgwww.unwto.org/code_ethics/pdf/languages/CodigoIng.pdfwww.europanostra.org/OS/downloads/documents/EN_position_paper_cultural_tourism.pdfwww.pasda.psu.eduwww.bikeallegheny.org/ www.imba.com/www.imba.com/epics/rides.htmlwww.imba.com/news/news_releases/04_08/04_18_nff_grants.htmlwww.hkmba.org/www.sorba.org/www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/sustainable/pdf/geotourism_charter_template.pdfwww.gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_national_forest/ca/bik_taho.htmwww.gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_national_forest/az/bik_aznf.htmwww.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/11/national_forests_see_fewer_vis.htmlwww.foresthistory.org/Publications/FHT/FHTSpring2008/Cordell.pdfwww.plancheyenne.com/pdf/final/3/Snapshot_Sec12.pdf

links of interest


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mIssIon

The mission of Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways is to attract visitors to the area surrounding the Allegheny Reservoir, educate them on the rich history of its past, provide facilities to enjoy the present, and enhance wilderness access and stewardship for the future.

overall goal

To enhance the area and promote it as a destination in order to generate interest in the area’s resources, history, and sites as well as revenue for the county for generations to come. We are dedicated to the reservoir/dam area, which we find to be one of the key areas of focus needed to stimulate Warren County’s Tourism and Recreation industry.

introduction

pathWay reQuIrements

PKP is a multi-year, multi-phase project that is represented by a number of various segments or “Pathways.” In order to ensure that the goals of the project are met and the overall mission of the group is maintained, we have assigned a set of fundamental requirements for the Pathways.

each Pathway is to:

• Increase historical awareness• Provide educational opportunities• Focus on responsible stewardship

of the natural resources of the area• Explore “green” options • Provide small business opportunities• Increase tourism• Adhere to geotourism principles

vIrtual pkp

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways will have a strong online presence, with an interactive web site that will not only track progress, educate, and guide, but most importantly, serve as the hub for the marketing and social networking plan that is currently being developed to promote PKP.

The web site will describe the vision in detail, with abundant photography to support each Pathway and track progress as portions of the project move forward and become a reality. Each virtual Pathway will contain links to entities involved and blogging opportunities to facilitate real time communication.

The educational, historical, and stewardship aspects of the project will be the driving force behind PKP’s online marketing efforts. Information will be accessible to learn about the land, the people, and the history of the area.

PKP currently maintains a Facebook group with over 70 members and is in the process of developing a newsletter that will be distributed via e-mail and available for download through the web site. To be added to the mailing list, please send an e-mail to [email protected]


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The geotourism concept and underlying premises go far beyond traditional “ecotourism.” PKP is intended to be a working example of geotourism principles, as outlined by the National Geographic Society’s Mission Programs (Center for Sustainable Destinations).

Geotourism is defined as tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents.

Geotourism incorporates the concept of sustainable tourism—that destinations should remain unspoiled for future generations—while allowing for ways to protect a place’s character. Geotourism also takes a principle from its ecotourism cousin—that tourism revenue should promote conservation—and extends it to culture and history as well, that is, all distinctive assets of a place.

We respectfully recommend that ANF Management not only adopt the following 13 key principles of geotourism, but, also adopt the geotourism charter: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/sustainable/pdf/geotourism_charter_template.pdf

integrity of place: Enhance geographical character by developing and improving it in ways distinctive to the locale, reflective of its natural

and cultural heritage, so as to encourage market differentiation and cultural pride.

international codes: Adhere to the principles embodied in the World Tourism Organization’s Global Code of Ethics for Tourism and the Principles of the Cultural Tourism Charter established by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS).

Market selectivity: Encourage growth in tourism market segments most likely to appreciate, respect, and disseminate information about the distinctive assets of the locale.

Market diversity: Encourage a full range of appropriate food and lodging facilities, so as to appeal to the entire demographic spectrum of the geotourism market and so maximize economic resiliency over both the short and long term.

tourist satisfaction: Ensure that satisfied, excited geotourists bring new vacation stories home and send friends off to experience the same thing, thus providing continuing demand for the destination.

Community involvement: Base tourism on community resources to the extent possible, encouraging local small businesses and civic groups

to build partnerships to promote and provide a distinctive, honest visitor experience and market their locales effectively. Help businesses develop approaches to tourism that build on the area’s nature, history and culture, including food and drink, artisanry, performance arts, etc.

Community benefit: Encourage micro-to-medium size enterprises and tourism business strategies that emphasize economic and social benefits to involved communities, especially poverty alleviation, with clear communication of the destination stewardship policies required to maintain those benefits.

Protection and enhancement of

destination appeal: Encourage businesses to sustain natural habitats, heritage sites, aesthetic appeal, and local culture. Prevent degradation by keeping volumes of tourists within maximum acceptable limits. Seek business models that can operate profitably within those limits. Use persuasion, incentives, and legal enforcement as needed.

land use: Anticipate development pressures and apply techniques to prevent undesired overdevelopment and degradation. Contain resort and vacation-home sprawl, especially on coasts and islands, so as to retain a diversity of natural and scenic

geotourism principles


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environments and ensure continued resident access to waterfronts. Encourage major self-contained tourism attractions, such as large-scale theme parks and convention centers unrelated to character of place, to be sited in needier locations with no significant ecological, scenic, or cultural assets.

Conservation of resources: Encourage businesses to minimize water pollution, solid waste, energy consumption, water usage, landscaping chemicals, and overly bright nighttime lighting. Advertise these measures in a way that attracts the large, environmentally sympathetic tourist market.

Planning: Recognize and respect immediate economic needs without sacrificing long-term character and the geotourism potential of the destination. Where tourism attracts in-migration of workers, develop new communities that themselves constitute a destination enhancement. Strive to diversify the economy and limit population influx to sustainable levels. Adopt public strategies for mitigating practices that are incompatible with geotourism and damaging to the image of the destination.

interactive interpretation: Engage both visitors and hosts in learning about the place. Encourage residents to show off the natural and

cultural heritage of their communities so that tourists gain a richer experience and residents develop pride in their locales.

evaluation: Establish an evaluation process to be conducted on a regular basis by an independent panel representing all stakeholder interests, and publicize evaluation results.

hIstorIcal pkp

The area in and around the Kinzua Valley and the Allegheny National Forest is rich in history. Many of the physical references are lost due to the creation of the Kinzua Dam and the Allegheny Reservoir. All portions of this proposal include historical references and writings. Consistent with our objective, PKP is a collaborative effort; we recommend all historical aspects be created as a joint effort between The Seneca Nation of Indians, the Army Corp of Engineers, and Allegheny National Forest personnel along with local historical experts and organizations.

The fundamental underlying mission of Pennsylvania Kinzua

Pathways (PKP) is to bring together the historical and

cultural identity of the Region’s past, to provide

an educational opportunity for all who visit, and

to maintain good stewardship of the natural

resources of the area.


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recommendation i

revitalization of kinzua point We recommend the ANF raze the current Kinzua Point Information Center and construct a new family-friendly, interactive and multi-functional learning/visitor center. The building itself can serve in an educational capacity by utilizing and displaying green technologies outlined in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) guidelines.

Per the core principles of PKP, we also recommend adherence to the guidelines and design recommendations presented by National Geographic’s Geotourism principles and PA Wilds’ Design Guide.

the recommendatIon to start

WIth thIs project Is based

on the folloWIng:

• structure already exists: The area for development already has paving, drainage and a structure in place. Renovation activity will have minimal environmental impact.

• Most visible: Unlike other portions of the proposed project, Kinzua Point is easily visible from Route 59 and the reservoir.

• no major natural disturbance

required: The site is currently used by motor vehicles, has few trees obstructing views and accommodates a large number of visitors.

• new center already planned: Per discussions with ANF management, there are currently replacement plans under consideration.

• Can be used while other

Pathways are developed/

constructed: The new visitor center will serve as the main “hub” for other trails and projects associated with the PKP master plan. The facility and connecting trail can be used while other portions of the project are finalized, and will serve as an example of the progress being made in that area.

• Capitalize on Dam visitor traffic/

Migration of area visitors:

The Kinzua Dam and associated visitor center receives hundreds of thousands of visitors per year. The trail proposed in Recommendation II will serve as a conduit to the new Kinzua Point Visitor Center.

specIfIc desIgn and amenIty

recommendatIons—InterIor

Reception Counter

• To accommodate up to three staff • Concealed desk with one computer

history timeline (interactive)

• Pre-history • Seneca Nation of Indians history • Dam construction history • Reservoir/Recreation history • Oil/Gas/Timber history • Scale replica of valley prior to dam;

press button and valley fills with water information Kiosks

• Maps • Tourism information • Terminals for accessing local

information/directions small theater Area

• To accommodate four to six rows of benches • Large screen to display documentary films

and marketing videos Concessions

• Café/Icecream shop • Deep fryer/Grill/Coolers/Freezers• Artisan crafts and souvenirs • Handicrafts of local interest and gadgetry• Canoe/Kayaks and bicycle rentals • Outside livery for canoes/kayaks and bicycles


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Administrative office

• To accommodate one administrator • Flexible cubicle area for administrative

support staff

Classroom

• Maximum capacity of 100 with flexible walls to divide room and accommodate up to three groups simultaneously

• Technology and Internet ready• Secure storage

technology

• Internet access • 24/7 video feed of area • Remote security viewing

observation tower

• 360 degree view of area • Educational storyboards/devices• Access by elevator or connect to second

story of building via a walkway/bridge

specIfIc desIgn and amenIty

recommendatIons—exterIor

Access to/from Water

• Walking path/Crushed limestone• Dock system • Pier for fishing • Informational storyboards

trailhead

• Pathway from Big Bend Overlook area to new visitor center

• Pathway from visitor center, under Morrison Bridge, and along Longhouse Drive toward campgrounds and around southern tip of reservoir

outside Deck

• Overlooking reservoir • For dining and casual use

Canoe/Kayak and Bicycle livery

• Near water• Connects to main path from center

Parking

• To accommodate 40-50 vehicles• Accessible for coach and school buses


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Recommendation ii

2.8 mile walking/bicycling path from kinzua point to kinzua dam upper parking areaWe recommend construction of a 2.8 mile low-impact, family-oriented, multipurpose interpretive trail connecting Kinzua Point to the Big Bend Overlook. Along the trail, we propose to enhance the experience and create staying power with a family picnic setting in the area known as “Devil’s Elbow.”

specIfIc desIgn recommendatIons

interpretive signage

• Signage at both trailhead locations: length of trail, capability assessment, potential hazards

• Posted every quarter mile• Include historical references

• Seneca Nation of Indians story• Creation of the reservoir• Environmental impact information• Kinzua Dam history

• Directions to Dam’s Visitors Center• Storyboards at Devil’s Elbow

• Information about bridge construction and road changes

• Devil’s Elbow lore• GPS coordinates• Map of the area in and around Big Bend,

Kinzua Point, and Devil’s Elbow• Information on flora and fauna• Distance and elevation indicators• Trail safety

options

• Benches every quarter mile for rest and reflection

• Refuse collection bins/system• Barriers/fencing as needed for awareness

of potential hazards and user safetytrail

• Low-impact• Non-motorized• Crushed limestone or earthen base• Suitable for walking, bicycling, cross

country skiing, and snowshoeing• Parking for bicycles for scenery viewing

Activities

• Hiking• Bicycling• Bird/Animal watching • Close enough to water’s edge to enjoy

nature’s activities

busIness opportunItIes• Shuttle service to and from each location• Trail ride vendor• Backpack lunch concession• Point of access for Water Taxi, canoe/kayak

and bicycle livery• Rental of MP3 players; audio tour to coincide

with storyboards and signage

At Big Bend overlook

• Small vendor concessions • Possible fund raising opportunity

for community organizations• Sales of water, fruit, packaged snacks• Mobile hot dog/hamburger stand

pIcnIc area

Devil’s elbow Picnic Area

Recommendations

• Environmentally friendly picnic tables and benches, waste receptacles

• Parking area for bicycles• Limited automobile and motor vehicle parking.

Handicapped accessible.

“All things are ready, if our minds be so.”

— William Shakespeare


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Recommendation iii

walking/bicycling path from wolf run marina to kinzua beachCurrently, there is no viable or practical access between Wolf Run Marina and Kinzua Beach shore without travelling over Route 59. We recommend the ANF, in conjunction with PennDOT, oversee the construction of a connecting walkway under the Morrison Bridge between the beach and the marina. This connector will facilitate safe access to recreational areas on both sides of Route 59.

WalkWay recommendatIons

• Environmentally friendly 52 inch wide structure/trail

• Constructed above normal high water mark• Stairway access as needed• Able to withstand water movement,

freezing conditions• Treatment for icing conditions in winter• Off shoot piers from main walkway

• Fishing• Scenic viewing • Access for Water Taxi

• Benches and waste receptacles• Foot/bicycle travel only• Lighting

• Solar powered directional lights• Located at both entrances and at each pier

sIgnage recommendatIons

• Walkway particulars at each end• Distance, potential hazards • Seasonal safety instructions• Activities available along walkway

and at both entrances• GPS coordinates• Interpretive storyboards• Bridge construction history• Ecosystem information • Stewardship of natural resources

• Water particulars• Depth, temperature, animal habitat• History of reservoir creation

• Seneca Nation of Indians connection• Boating, fishing, and water safety

busIness opportunItIes

• Fishing equipment rental• Bait vending• Drinks and packaged snacks• Jet ski rentals


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Recommendation iv

bicycling/hiking path from kinzua beach to rimrock (approx. 1 mile)We recommend the ANF connect the Rimrock Area to Kinzua Beach with the development of a low-impact, non-motorized interpretive bicycling/hiking path. The path will serve as an educational, historical and environmentally friendly resource.

Current access to Rimrock from the Kinzua Beach area requires either a trip by motorized vehicle up Route 59 or via a somewhat hazardous hike through unmarked forest, utilized only by the most experienced hikers. Creation of this trail will encourage family use and allow visitors to recreate on multiple locations from a single staging area at the beach. Visitors will be able to migrate East and West among the multiple locations with greater ease.

This particular pathway has the potential to evolve into a corridor for access to the North Country Trail or other areas within Warren and neighboring counties.

We recommend adherence to the guidelines and design recommendations presented by National Geographic’s Geotourism principles, PA Wilds’ Design Guide, and International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA).

specIfIc desIgn

recommendatIons


• Positioned every quarter mile• Include historical references• GPS coordinates and topography• Map of the area in and around Rimrock• Information on flora and fauna• Distance and elevation indicators• Trail safety

options


• Refuse collection

trail

• Low-impact• Non–motorized• Crushed limestone or earthen base

Activities

• Hiking• Bicycling• Pack animals• Bird/Animal watching

busIness opportunItIes

• Shuttle service to and from each location• Trail ride vendor• Backpack lunch concession• Private guided trips


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Recommendation v

revitalize kinzua beachPKP commends the ANF for current improvements made at Kinzua Beach, including the addition of volleyball courts, a new picnic pavilion, and granting free access for visitors to take advantage of these amenities during the summer.

Kinzua Beach is the signature location for a visitor’s “Kinzua experience.” After multiple visits to the location and a survey of the area, PKP has several key recommendations for this portion of the plan. We respectfully propose further enhancements to this area, to create a resource for family activities, summer programs, and to provide adequate overnight accommodations for casual tourists, adventure travelers, and outdoor enthusiasts.

overnIght accommodatIons• Convert large portion of first parking lot

nearest entrance into RV accessible parking for multiple campers with electric and water hook-ups

• Overflow RV locations to left of entrance gate to Kinzua Beach (parallel to Route 59)

• Construct/renovate additional building with restroom, shower, and laundry facilities

• Designate area for rustic cabins

Four rustic cabins

for up to six people per unit

Interior features:• Beds• Stove and appliances in small kitchen area• Common area• Bathroom facilities

Exterior features:• Picnic table• Fire pit

two solar powered yurts

for up to eight people

Interior features:• Beds• Stove and appliances in small kitchen area• Common area• Bathroom facilities

Exterior features:• Picnic table• Fire pit

renovate facIlItIes/ concessIon area

• Upgrade facilities to provide adequate shower/changing/restroom area for daytime visitors

• Create small business opportunity for diner/snack bar

• Rentals office: bicycles, canoes/kayaks, jet skis, lounge chairs, umbrellas

• Lawn game rental service

upgrade laWn/beach area• Horse shoe pit• Climbing wall• Playground• Additional large group pavilion• Water access/dock• Floating platform with multi-use functionality

as sunbathing surface or floating stage


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replace upper parkIng lot WIth neW communIty center/receptIon hall

• Reception area to accommodate up to three administrative staff

• Information center with brochure rack, maps, and computer with Internet access

• Business opportunity for Restaurant/Café with deck overlooking the reservoir

• Reception hall to accommodate up to 250 people

• Commercial kitchen to accommodate such reception capacity

• Meeting room for up to 100 people with dividers to accommodate up to three small groups, simultaneously

• Technology: Internet and presentation ready• Art Gallery with permanent collection as well

as seasonal art shows, coordinated through Regional Arts Council, Crary Gallery, and other local artist associations

• Dedicate gallery to the late Gordon Mahan, lifelong local photographer whose assignments included documenting construction of the dam. Note: PKP has been in touch with the Mahan family to discuss the rich legacy left behind by Mr. Mahan through his body of work.

• Work with Historical Society and Warren Public Library

• Participate in PA Wilds Artisan Trail program,

providing small business opportunities to regional artists while maintaining the educational, cultural, and historical focus of the project

• Consult with Seneca Nation of Indians for historical references and naming of rooms

traIl connector• Trail connecting Marina Trail to

Southern and Rimrock Trails• Along water• Serves as portal to Southern Tip Trail

or Rimrock Trail

specIfIc desIgn recommendatIons


• Posted periodically along route• Include historical references• GPS coordinates• Map of the area in and around beach• Information on flora and fauna• Distance and elevation indicators• Trail safety

options



trail

• Low-impact• Non-motorized• Crushed limestone or earthen base

Activities

• Hiking• Biking• Pack animals

seWage processIng• Renovation and upgrade of current facilities

to handle additional capacity• Concealed by landscaping on southern

portion of property• Security features to include fencing

and electronic monitoring


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Recommendation vi

bicycling/hiking path around southern tip of reservoir from longhouse drive to kinzua beachWe recommend the ANF connect Kinzua Point to Kinzua Beach through the development of low-impact, non-motorized interpretive bicycling/hiking trails around the entire Southern tip of the reservoir. The trails will serve as educational, historical, and environmentally friendly resources and will encourage a myriad of exciting outdoor activities.

Current access to the various campgrounds on the ANF along the Southern tip requires either a trip, by motorized vehicle up Route 59, Route 321 or Longhouse Drive or via a somewhat hazardous hike through unmarked forest that can be utilized by only the most experienced hikers. Creation of this trail system will encourage family use and allow visitors to recreate on multiple locations from multiple staging areas along the route. Visitors will be able to migrate North and South among multiple locations with greater ease. Enhancing the camping experience in the area and supporting the efforts with a powerful marketing plan that promotes the area as a multi-day travel experience will boost this ailing sector.

This particular pathway has the potential to, eventually, evolve into a corridor for access to the North Country Trail, Kinzua Viaduct, Rimrock or other areas within Warren and neighboring counties.

In keeping with our fundamental mission, we recommend adherence to the guidelines and design

recommendations presented by National Geographic’s geotourism principles, PA Wilds’ Design Guide, and IMBA, where appropriate.

As is the case with mountain bicycling systems, PKP proposes liability and risk safeguards in our recommendations. A sound risk management plan, implemented properly, will effectively reduce the risk associated with trail development for the ANF.

The risk management plan addresses signage, inspection, technical trail feature design, emergency access, and trail rating.

Interpretive signage will be positioned every quarter mile and will include GPS coordinates, a general map of the area with “you are here” indicators, distance and elevation indicators, information on flora, fauna, and warnings of potential dangers including animal encounters that may occur from time to time. There will be trail safety and general first aid tips. Signage will also provide historical and educational information for users.

We propose the ANF work closely with volunteer groups and local outdoor enthusiasts in allowing for periodic, joint trail inspections to be performed on a systematic basis. These inspections will include a physical examination of the entire trail network as well as a review of the technical trail design features

and trail ratings, and will compare those to that established by ANF guidelines.

This location was carefully selected for the proposed trail systems due to relative proximity to major roadways (Route 59, Route 321, and Longhouse Drive) and a system of accessible, usable Forest Service roads. This connectivity will allow for immediate and timely access by emergency personnel if needed.

specIfIc desIgn

recommendatIons


• Posted every quarter mile• Include historical references• GPS coordinates• Map of the area in and around Rimrock• Information on flora and fauna• Distance and elevation indicators• Trail safety tips

options



trail

• Low-impact• Non-motorized• Crushed limestone or earthen base


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Activities

• Hiking• Biking• Pack animals• Bird/Animal watching • Cross country skiing

Business opportunities

• Shuttle service to and from each location• Trail ride vendor• Backpack lunches

the pkp southern

tIp traIl system

PKP recommends the design and implementation of a bicycling/hiking trail starting at Kinzua Point, traveling around the entire southern tip of the reservoir, and ending at Kinzua Beach. This trail system can be

designed and built in six interconnecting segments. The segments will target users of a wide range of cycling and hiking experience and ability. We recommend consulting the Seneca Nation of Indians for historical accuracy and naming of trails.

All segments are designed with connectivity in mind and look to provide longer, easier access to the locations already in existence along the recommended trail system. These segments start with Kinzua Point and progress, point-to-point, through the various campgrounds and back to Kinzua Beach.

the segments are as follows:

• Kinzua Point to Dew Drop Segment (Approx. 2.0 miles)

• Dew Drop to Elijah Run Segment (Approx. 1.5 miles)

• Elijah Run to Kiasutha Segment (Approx. 4.6 miles)

• Kiasutha to Red Bridge Segment (Approx. 2.9 miles)

• Red Bridge to Morrison Segment (Approx. 3.7 miles)

• Morrison to Kinzua Beach Segment (Approx. 3.2 miles)

Total of System: Approximately 17.9 miles

Each segment will feature the same design, safety and signage standards described above. They will also feature the following:

• Normal width path• Relatively flat with some rolling terrain• Very low, gradual grades• Continuous “segments” with limited

twists and turns

“Culture does not change because we desire to change it.

Culture changes when the organization is

transformed; the culture reflects the realities of people working together

every day.”— Frances Hesselbein

The Key to Cultural Transformation, Leader to Leader (Spring 1999)


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Recommendation vii

30-40 miles of looping mountain biking/hiking trails between long house drive & upper reservoirMountain bicycling has become a major activity in many national forests, and clear management strategies are needed to ensure continued recreation opportunities and protection of natural resources. The goal of this project is to provide sustainable mountain biking recreation on the Allegheny National Forest.

Studies show that mountain bicycling is one of the fastest growing recreation activities around the world. One of the key areas of focus for PKP is to improve trail recreation for multiple users while promoting good stewardship of natural resources. This can be accomplished by focusing on the following:

• Reduction of use conflicts among multiple users

• Protection of resources• Reduction in the occurrence

of user created trails• Education of user groups• Development of land and user

ethics and standards• Development of volunteer opportunities• Adherence to geotourism principles

There are a number of examples available which describe how many managed trails have been adopted as the Forest Service acquired land or as use developed. Unfortunately, these trails were either not designed to receive substantial recreation use or were simply not professionally designed.

Many opponents to trail systems, such as those recommended in these findings by PKP, point to the mountain bikers as the source of potential problems. Trail studies by Cessford and others have indicated that poor trail design and lack of management are the problems with these flawed systems. PKP has initiated partnerships with local, organized mountain bicycling organizations such as Northern Allegheny Mountain Bike Association (NAMBA), governed by International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) to address these potential pitfalls.

To aid the ANF in their creation and management of these multiple use trail systems, PKP recommends they follow similar limitations on National Forest System Lands as their counterparts in California:

• Local decision makers choose the makeup of their trail systems and where and when to add new trails.

• Constructed features (i.e., teeter totters, jump parks, elevated boardwalks or ramps) are not appropriate except under special use permit.

• Trails are generally multiple use.

The large land area between Longhouse Drive, Jakes Rocks and the Upper Reservoir represents a great opportunity to introduce mountain bicycling, more formally, to the list of ANF recreational opportunities. There are several key elements to the successful

design, implementation and maintenance of a formal mountain bicycling system.

The PKP team, through research into other State and Federal mountain bicycling initiatives, highlights the following key components:

• Design The limited trails on ANF lands that are open to mountain bicycling lack design and development

• Partnership between trail users and land managers

• Collaboration between user groups, including mountain bicyclists, horseback riders, and hikers

• Public involvement to shape future projects

• Management While most trails allow mountain bicycling use, very few are managed and maintained for mountain bicycling use

• increased Awareness by land managers will lead to improved opportunities for all trail managers

• Resource Protection As trails are redesigned and constructed, designs to accommodate mountain bicycling can be incorporated with best management practices to protect resources.


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PKP, in conjunction with NAMBA, proposes liability and risk safeguards in our recommendations in these findings. We formally recommend a sound risk management plan. When implemented properly, it will effectively reduce the ANF’s risk associated with trail development.

The risk management plan addresses signage, inspection, technical trail feature design, emergency access, and trail rating.

Signage will be posted every quarter mile and will include GPS coordinates, a general map of the area with “you are here” markers, distance, and elevation indicators, information on flora/fauna and warnings of potential dangers, including animal encounters that may occur from time to time. There will also be trail safety and general first aid tips. To keep in line with the objectives of the overall plan, signage will also provide historical and educational information.

We propose that the ANF work closely with members of NAMBA on allowing for periodic, joint trail inspections to be performed on a systematic basis. These inspections will include a physical examination of the entire trail network as well as a review of the technical trail design features and trail ratings, and will be compared to ratings established by ANF as well as IMBA guidelines.

This location was carefully selected for the proposed trail system due its relative proximity to major roadways (Route 59, Route 321 and Longhouse Drive) and a system of accessible, usable Forest Service roads. This connectivity will allow for immediate and timely access by emergency personnel if needed.

There are several universal concepts for successful design of a trail system along with the risk/liability standards listed above. These have been prevalent in successful systems implemented across the United States and in other countries:

• stacked loops – PKP and NAMBA are recommending the development of a progression of loop systems (easy, moderate, difficult) as the distance from entry points increase. Trailheads and access points will be plotted along Longhouse Drive and other Forest Roads.

• spectrum of opportunities – Based on the sizeable area and different terrain and elevations, each loop with have to account for 1) use levels - passing lanes, width, signage, 2) non-motorized, 3) interpretive, 4) surface types, etc.

• Connectivity – There are a number of opportunities to expand the system and connect to urban areas and within trail systems.

• Collaborative Development – PKP strongly recommends a joint effort between NAMBA, DCNR, local outdoor clubs, and the ANF for this portion of the project.

• trail Flow – These trail networks will be for multiple users. Understanding the flow of users along a trail, particularly for mountain bicycling and even trail runners, is a very important part of the project. These will be taken into account during the design phase.

• trail grade – There may not be a more beautiful backdrop for a trail system in the entire State of Pennsylvania. The views of the reservoir and forest from atop the hill are breathtaking and endless. PKP recommends that the trails take on curvilinear alignments that contour across the landscape at appropriate grades to provide for stable tread conditions and spectacular views. All new designs would establish rolling grade dips.

• Consult with others – Soils, users, precipitation, and vegetation will all dramatically affect trail design parameters. We recommend that ANF Management seek other educated opinions to improve the overall design quality and to minimize potential obstacles to implementation.


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• Develop one project- The proposed trail system is large in both size and complexity. We recommend that the ANF take on design and development of a few smaller loops to give users a catalyzing point.

In this plan, PKP outlined a Conceptual Trail Plan to identify long term goals, priorities, grant opportunities, and project planning. This will allow the ANF to keep projects revolving and progressing to maintain momentum, interest, and to streamline projects… “Get more money to the ground.”

While the ANF “owns” the projects, PKP has outlined strategic local, state, and national partners that can work with their organization in making these systems a reality. ANF management would provide leadership and ownership and empower local volunteer groups to aid in the overall mission.

Important traIl notes

In adherence to stewardship principles, all proposed trails will be designed with single track specifications. Our goal is to convey a primitive trail experience versus greenway trails in the woods that typically have approximately 8-foot corridors. We want the least amount of impact on the natural resources as possible and want visitors, hikers and users to get a sense of “animal path-like trails” with the proper signage (as noted earlier). We recommend the creation of approximately 20 to 32 miles of trail loops. Creation of about 28 to 30 miles of trail system falls into the IMBA Epic* trail category. There are very few Epic trail systems in Pennsylvania.

* Special trail designation provided by the International Mountain Bicycling Association


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the pkp “loops”

PKP recommends the design and implementation of four initial trail “loops.” Each trail is tailored according to the recommendations above. The loops will target users of a wide range of cycling and hiking experience and ability. All trails will be named after native animal species and signage will include both the English name as well as the Seneca Nation of Indians translation.

Chipmunk loop

This particular loop is designed for the

beginner to novice youth rider/hiker. It is

intended to introduce them to the recreation

of mountain biking and hiking. This loop

will be .5-1 mile in total length.

Attributes of the trail:

• Extra wide path (28-36 inches)• Relatively flat with rolling terrain• Very low, gradual grades• Continuous “circle” with limited

twists and turns

Black Bear loop

This particular loop is designed for the novice

to intermediate rider/hiker. It is intended

to extend their mountain biking and hiking

experience and provide for a moderately

difficulty experience. This loop will be 3-5

miles in total length.


• Wider than normal path (20-28 inches)• Relatively flat with rolling terrain• Higher, gradual grades• Limited twists and turns with

additional difficulties

Whitetail loop

This particular loop is designed for the intermediate to advanced rider/hiker. It is intended to provide a challenging mountain biking and hiking experience and provide for an exciting, medium difficulty experience. This loop will be 6-10 miles in total length.


• Normal width path (18 inches)• Widely alternating terrain• Higher grades with alternating peaks,

valleys and flat rides• Advanced twists and turns with

intermediate to advanced difficulties

Rattlesnake loop

This particular loop is designed for the advanced to expert rider/hiker. It is intended to provide an extreme, hyper- challenging mountain biking and hiking experience. This loop will be 11-16 miles in total length.


• Advanced width path (10-18 inches)• Widely alternating terrain• Extreme grades with alternating peaks,

valleys and few flat rides• Advanced twists, turns and switchbacks

with advanced to expert difficulties


23

letters of support


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June 29, 2009

To whom it may concern:

A few years ago, my husband and I moved home to Warren County and bought two ailing canoe and

kayak liveries along the Allegheny River. We had just gotten out of the military, and were looking for a

change of pace and a good place to raise our three young children.

Many people were skeptical that we could make a living operating two seasonal boat liveries in Warren

County. They wondered why anyone would want to come here on vacation to paddle the river.

We didn’t hesitate. We’d traveled around enough to know that Warren County’s natural assets – the

National Forest, Allegheny River and Reservoir – were something special in America. We also knew the

outdoor recreation industry was growing. We firmly believed Warren County could become not just a

premier flat-water paddling destination, but a mecca for all sorts of outdoor activities: fishing, biking,

hiking, backpacking, adventure racing.

Our experience so far has only bolstered this thinking. In three short years (and with a lot of hard work),

we’ve gone from putting 2,000 people on the river in a season to putting out nearly 10,000. We’ve

created a line of t-shirts and published a series of waterproof river guidebooks, all of which are doing

well. We’re never going to get rich doing this, but we are making a living. And our growth impacts more

than just our bottom line: our customers stay at local campgrounds and buy food and supplies from local

stores and restaurants. Several business owners have gone so far as to thank us for sending so many new

customers their way.

We believe the PKP project could have a similar impact on our community. Like the river, it could help

bring people into the county to recreate. While I can’t comment on every detail of the PKP plan, the

overall concept is a great idea. It is another way to help grow our region’s emerging outdoor tourism

industry, and to create real economic, educational and recreational opportunities for the people who live

here.

We also support the PKP project because of its strong stewardship components. All the development and

visitors in the world won’t mean much if we wreck what is so special about our area to begin with.

In our own business we have tried to address stewardship in part by founding and sponsoring the annual

Allegheny River Clean-Up, which launches this fall. We applaud the PKP project for the way it aims to

celebrate and help protect the important cultural, historical and natural assets surrounding the Reservoir

area.

We look forward to watching this project progress and wish the PKP team the best of luck.

Sincerely,

Piper and Josh Lindell, owners

Allegheny Outfitters Inc.

Indian Waters Canoe & Kayak Rentals

Allegheny River Paddling Guide

Allegheny River Clean-up


25


26


27

July 17, 2009 Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways Att: Mr. Joe Colosimo 237 Second Avenue Warren, Pennsylvania 16365 Dear Joe: It is my pleasure to write this letter of support for the Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways project being presented to the Allegheny National Forest. As Director of the Leadership Warren County program, I have seen this project flourish, becoming an innovative and exciting proposal for the next steps in the development of the ANF. I find this project impressive for a number of reasons. First, your group reopened the discussion within Warren County about how the Forest can promote recreation and economic growth locally and regionally.

Although the Forest is a national asset, its importance to the County cannot be overemphasized. There are many competing interests, and these groups have always, in the past, ignited debate over the real importance of tourism. Your group has managed to bring the community together with this plan, speaking in a voice of unanimity not heard before. Next, your proposals are eminently practical. Each aspect of the project can be undertaken as funds are available because each is an independent and beneficial project in and of itself. The various trails, for example, can be constructed independently of one another, yet, when finished, they will connect important resources within the ANF and complement existing trails. Finally, your proposals will make the Forest more attractive to visitors who want to understand its history, have an experience which does not require them to constantly revert to use of their cars, and encourage them to stay in the area because of the variety of attractions which are available and connected. When people are led to spend more time in the Forest, they will understand that there is more to do than standing at the dam looking at the overflow or taking a picture at the Visitor’s Center and driving on. This will lead to prolonged visits and more benefit to Warren County. Information and connectivity are needed, and that is what your proposal provides. Sincerely, James A. Goodling Director, Leadership Warren County


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1080 Liberty Street

Warren, PA 16365

2 July 2009

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways

c/o Ines Nelson

308 Fourth Avenue

Warren, PA 16365

Re: Support for Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways project

Dear Ines,

It is a sincere pleasure for me to submit a letter of support to be included in the PKP Findings

and Recommendations Report. When the pathways idea was put forth as a group project for

the Leadership Warren County Class of 2009, I never imagined how far the group would go in

laying the groundwork and creating a plan to achieve the PKP project goals.

In only two years, Leadership Warren County has established a positive community identity and

has been successful in one of its goals, that of actively engaging community members in civic

projects that enhance the quality of life in our communities and beyond.

The accomplishments of the PKP team during the past nine months are nearly miraculous. You

and your teammates have proved it is possible to bring to the table disparate views and

contrary opinions, and those who own them, for a meeting of the minds and the realization

that everyone is looking toward positive and beneficial outcomes. As a member of the

Leadership Warren County Steering Committee, I made time to attend three sessions of your

group. The time I spent pales in comparison to the dedication of your committee members

who hosted well over fifty meetings.

I know that your project will go forward. The segmentation of the PKP project proves that you

understand that good things take time. Your wide and varied research, your commitment to

listening to everyone who cared to comment on the project, and the post-LWC commitment of

you and your fellow classmates, demonstrates your passion for this project. The possibilities

for the project to be completed in stages and funding to be acquired over time makes it

approachable and reasonable and, I believe, a success about to happen.

Thank you and the rest of the PKP team for your vision and your perseverance to this historical

and recreational effort. The last passenger train may have left the Kinzua Valley in 1965 but

there’s a new trail coming for the 21st century. I thank you and your team members for being

at the head of that trail.

With regard and respect,

Pat Evans

Do not go where the path may lead; go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.Ralph Waldo Emerson

Tuna Valley Trail Association P. O. Box 1003 Bradford, PA 16701

July 2, 2009

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathwaysc/o AR Trucking, Inc.2072 Pennsylvania Ave. WestWarren, PA 16365

RE: Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways (PKP)

Dear PKP Team,

The Tuna Valley Trail Association (TVTA), a nonprofit organization founded in 1998 and based in Bradford, Pennsylvania, has successfully developed over 20 miles of non-motorized recreational trails in McKean County. The TVTA has partnered with a number of neighboring trail groups in an effort to develop a network of interconnected recreational trails throughout the region.

The executive committee of the TVTA recently met with Joe Colosimo, a representative of the PKP team. As a group we were very impressed with the preliminary PKP trail development concept. It is our belief that the proposed PKP project has tremendous potential and is consistent with our vision of a recreational trail system in the region.

This is an opportunity to develop an extensive new trail system within Warren County which would connect the community of Warren to the natural and historic resources of the Allegheny National Forest. Ultimately, the development of the PKP would increase tourism and have a positive economic impact on the entire region. We strongly endorse the PKP project.

Sincerely,

Richard T. EschPresident


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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYCORPS OF ENGINEERS

KINZUA DAM/ALLEGHENY RESERVOIR

1205 KINZUA ROAD

WARREN, PA 16365-5599814-726-0661

July 13, 2009

Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways

c/o AR Trucking, Inc.

ATTN: Ms. Coralee Wenzel

2072 Pennsylvania Avenue, West

Warren, PA 16365

To Whom It May Concern,

The US Army Corps of Engineers has been managing facilities adjacent to Kinzua Dam and

Allegheny Reservoir since the mid-1960’s. We have found that residents of, and visitors to

this area welcome unique opportunities to experience the great outdoors, whether

recreational or educational. The Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways Project has provided an

excellent planning tool for promoting, enhancing, and improving those opportunities.

Overall, the plan is well prepared and comprehensive. The “pathway” system concept is

especially appealing, because it will not only link existing facilities, but also provide new

elements designed to attract visitors.

Other initiatives (such as Pennsylvania Wilds) have continued to grow and become a

driving force for economic development in this region. We expect that Pennsylvania

Kinzua Pathways suggested improvements will further enhance existing multi-agency

objectives to bring this region to its full potential, by utilizing both natural and man-made

assets.

US Army Corps of Engineers staff at Kinzua Dam fully supports the Pennsylvania Kinzua

Pathways Project team in their continued efforts to promote the development of

recreational and educational opportunities for area residents and visitors.

Sincerely,

Steven J. Lauser, Park Ranger

Kinzua Dam and Allegheny Reservoir


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R.W. LARSON ASSOCIATES, P.C.

A R C H I T E C T U R E • L A N D S C A P E A R C H I T E C T U R EP L A N N I N G • I N T E R I O R D E S I G N

3 Farm Colony Drive Warren, PA 16365 ph 814.728.6010 fax 814.728.6012 RICHARD W. LARSON, RAGERALD R . KARLE, RARODNEY P . LINDSEY I I , R AJOHN L. S HEDD, AIASTEVEN A. S IGMUND, RADAVI D SOBI NA, RLA

Erie, PA Jamestown, NY Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA

July 30, 2009

Ms. Coralee Wenzel Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways C/O AR Trucking, Inc. 2072 Pennsylvania Ave. W. Warren, PA 16365

RE: PKP – Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways Project

To whom it may concern: Our firm is very enthusiastic in regards to the proposed ideas developed by the PKP team. Our firm’s Planner and Registered Landscape

Architect, Dave Sobina, ASLA, has reviewed the materials and proposed planning concepts for the proposed projects. We find tremendous

merit in the ideas and concepts presented. The PKP team has obviously done their homework and we believe this could provide the

backbone for developing better exposure and use of our local history and National Forest visitor sites. The benefits of developing the ‘way finding’ and opportunities for both visitors and our local community, would extend into areas of

economic growth, educational/historical possibilities, better stewardship and increased ‘stakeholder’ interest in our valuable natural

resources. Our local business community would benefit through the increased economy of such improvements from tourism and also would

be blessed to have improved recreation and activity opportunities for our families. Our firm wholeheartedly supports the efforts of PKP and their vision for thoughtful improvements to the Allegheny National Forest.If you have any questions or comments please feel free to call. Sincerely,

R. W. LARSON ASSOCIATES, P.C.

Richard W. Larson, R.A.

Cc :Dave Sobina, ASLA


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This memorandum of understanding (MOU) is entered into by the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (FS), and the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA).A. PURPOSEThe purpose of this MOU is to continue to develop and expand a framework for the FS and IMBA to plan and implement mutually beneficial programs, projects, and bicycling opportunities at the national, regional, and local level.B. AUTHORITYThe authority for this MOU is the Organic Act of 1897, 16 U.S.C. § 551.C. STATEMENT OF MUTUAL BENEFIT AND INTERESTSThe FS manages National Forest System (NFS) lands for a variety of uses and activities, includingoutdoor recreation. The FS is interested in providing a variety of mountain bicycling opportunities that are environmentally sensitive and educational that support local and regional economies and quality of life.IMBA represents a major segment of the organized mountain bicycling public and is a recognizedleader in trailbuilding education and promoting mountain bicycling ethics, safety standards, volunteerism, and appropriate use of federal and non-federal lands. IMBA members desire to use National Forests for recreational purposes and through this MOU or subsequent agreements may provide support, volunteer labor, or funds to the FS

for accomplishment of mutually beneficialmountain bicycling projects or activities. The FS and IMBA seek to work cooperatively to encourage responsible use of federal lands by visitors participating in mountain bicycling and recreational activities. The FS and IMBA have an interest in disseminating information to the public regarding conservation, recreation, and naturalresource activities related to mountain bicycling.FS Agreement No. 06-SU-11132424-0762D. THE FS SHALL:1. Work with IMBA and its affiliates to identify

appropriate cooperative opportunities (such as trail projects, administrative studies, educational programs, tourism initiatives, and special events). Contingent upon availability of funds and personnel, jointly pursue these projects in conjunction with the mountain bicycling community and FS Ranger Districts nationwide.

2. Make available to the public IMBA’s training and informational materials related to mountain bicycling safety and ethics, trail construction and maintenance, and the availability of mountain bicycling opportunities on NFS lands.

3. Encourage local FS officials to work with IMBA headquarters staff, representatives, affiliates, and members to develop mutually beneficial projects, special events, and activities.

4. Subject to applicable federal laws, regulations, land management plans, and other management

direction, make NFS lands and NFS trails available for mountain bicycling and related activities.

5. Encourage management of mountain bicycling separate from motorized activities when developing agency policy, land management plans, and travel management plans.

6. Utilize the technical expertise of IMBA and its affiliates in developing FS educational programs related to mountain bicycling.

7. Utilize IMBA’s technical expertise to address mountain bicycling management on NFS lands, including but not limited to such documents as the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and the FS Handbook. (NOTE: Mountain bike use is not excluded from areas inventoried as “primitive” in the ROS.)

8. Provide copies of IMBA’s “Rules of the Trail” at FS information centers, trailheads, campgrounds, and other appropriate public sites on NFS lands.

9. Share with IMBA technical expertise with respect to mountain bicycling management on NFS lands.

10. Consider the potential impacts of land management proposals on mountain bicycling recreation.

11. Within the budget and resource capabilities of local FS staff, participate in projects that develop mountain bicycling opportunities on NFS lands.

12. Work with IMBA and local FS staff to identify opportunities and areas for specialized mountain bicycling in accordance with special use permit requirements and other applicable legal

requirements. Identify opportunities to promote the public health and fitness benefits of mountain bicycling.

13. Provide information on completing job hazard analyses and conducting safety training for IMBA projects and activities conducted on NFS lands pursuant to this MOU.

FS Agreement No. 06-SU-11132424-0763E. IMBA SHALL:1. Work with the FS to identify appropriate

cooperative opportunities (such as trail projects, administrative studies, educational programs, tourism initiatives, and special events). Contingent upon availability of funds and personnel, jointly pursue these projects in conjunction with the mountain bicycling community and FS Ranger Districts nationwide.

2. Provide information compiled in IMBA programs, such as the IMBA Trail Care Crew, trailbuilding schools, Trail Solutions trailbuilding services, IMBA Epic Rides, and the National Mountain Bike Patrol program, available to the FS at no cost.

3. Encourage IMBA members and affiliates to work with local FS officials to develop mutually beneficial projects, special events, and activities.

4. Provide technical assistance to FS managers and communities involved in developing and implementing projects, educational activities, and mountain bicycling opportunities pursuant to this MOU.

SERVICE-WIDE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 06-SU-11132424-076 betweenTHE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE and THE INTERNATIONAL MOUNTAIN BICYCLING ASSOCIATION


32

5. Encourage IMBA members to participate in local national forest planning that involves mountain bicycling or recreation.

6. Provide training to IMBA members regarding the Rules of the Trail, Leave No Trace, and Tread Lightly! ethics programs.

7. Work with FS staff to ensure that written materials and other media produced for National Forest distribution are consistent with FS policies and guidelines.

8. Participate in projects that develop mountain bicycling opportunities on NFS lands.

9. When operators of ski areas on NFS lands allow summer mountain bicycling on their trails, work with those ski areas to implement IMBA’s Rules of the Trail, trailbuilding and signage guidelines, and management principles.

10. Encourage IMBA members to respect wilderness areas; comply with wilderness laws, regulations, and policies; and abide by outdoor ethics principles, including Leave No Trace and Tread Lightly!, on NFS lands.

11. Work with local FS staff to identify opportunities and areas for specialized mountain bicycling in accordance with special use permit requirements and other applicable legal requirements. Identify opportunities to promote the public health and fitness benefits of mountain bicycling.

12. Complete job hazard analyses for IMBA projects and activities conducted on NFS lands pursuant to this MOU, and conduct safety training prior to

engaging in these projects and activities. Address anticipated hazards and steps that should be taken to reduce the hazards in these training sessions.

FS Agreement No. 06-SU-11132424-0764F. IT IS MUTUALLY AGREED

BY THE FS AND IMBA THAT:1. This MOU shall take effect when it is fully executed

and shall expire five years from its effective date.2. Modifications to this MOU shall be made in

writing and shall be signed and dated by the the FS and IMBA.

3. Either the FS or IMBA may withdraw from this MOU after 60 days written notice.

4. The principal contacts for this MOU are: Jonathan Stephens, Congressionally Designated Areas and Trails Program Manager USDA Forest Service Mike Van Abel, Executive Director Jenn Dice, Government Affairs Director International Mountain Bicycling Association Recreation and Heritgage Resources Staff P.O. Box 7578 201 14th Street S.W. Washington, D.C. 20250-1125 Boulder, CO 80306-7578 Telephone: (202) 205-1701 Telephone: (303) 545-9011 Facsimile: (202) 205-1145 Facsimile: (303) 545-902

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected], [email protected] The FS and IMBA certify that the individuals listed as principal contacts are authorized to act in their respective areas of responsibility on matters related to this MOU. The local contacts for the FS are District Rangers, who may enter into subsequent agreements as needed to implement this MOU.

5. The FS and IMBA shall handle their own activities and utilize their own resources, including the expenditure of their own funds, in pursuing the objectives enumerated in this MOU.

6. In implementing this MOU, the FS will be operating under applicable laws, regulations, and policies, subject to the availability of appropriated funds.

7. Nothing in this MOU authorizes the FS to obligate or transfer funds. Specific projects or activities that involve the transfer of funds, services, or property between the FS and IMBA require execution of separate agreements and are contingent upon the availability of appropriated funds. These activities must be independently authorized by statute. This MOU does not provide that authority. Negotiation, execution, and administration of these agreements must comply with all applicable law.

8. Nothing in this MOU is intended to alter, limit, or expand the FS’s statutory and regulatory authority.

FS Agreement No. 06-SU-11132424-07659. Nothing in this MOU restricts the FS or IMBA from

participating in similar activities with other public

or private agencies, organizations, and individuals.10. This MOU does not create any substantive or

procedural rights that are enforceable at law or equity against the United States or its officers, agents, or employees.

11. Any information furnished to the FS under this MOU is subject to the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. § 552).

12. No member of or delegate to Congress may benefit from this MOU either directly or indirectly.

_______Mike Van AbelExecutive DirectorINTERNATIONAL MOUNTAIN BICYCLINGASSOCIATION______ __Dale N. BosworthChiefUSDA, FOREST SERVICE


33

PKP has determined, through research, that national trends in Nature Based Outdoor Recreation (NBOR) support the recommendation to invest time and capital into the projects outlined in our plan. Since the publication of Richard Louv’s book, “Last Child in the Woods” and a recent paper by Oliver R.W. Pergrams and Patricia A. Zaradic titled “Evidence for a Fundamental and Pervasive Shift Away from Nature Based Recreation,” there has been considerable interest in better understanding current trends in NBOR. A very small sampling of this research and analytics is included in our findings, along with links to additional data (links section).

The general flow of the material was outlined in H. Ken Cordell’s white paper, “The Latest on Trends in Nature Based Outdoor Recreation”- Spring 2008. In this section, we will focus on two general terms:

• Outdoor Recreation Trends (generally)• Nature Based Recreation Trends (specifically)

Nature Based Recreation is defined as outdoor activities in natural settings or otherwise involving in some direct way elements of nature (terrain, plants, wildlife, water bodies).

Cordell found that the research and data support the observation that “all nature based recreation activities popular in the 1960’s, such as hiking, camping and picnicking, are still popular with the American Public (today).” While there has been an ebb and flow of interest and participation, over the long-term, interest and participation has increased and additional activities have been introduced into the core group listed above.

The following table of information was created from several studies conducted by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC):

statistics and supporting data

1960’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

Driving for Pleasure Swimming Viewing and Photographing Walking

Swimming Walking Day Hiking and Backpacking Outdoor Family Gatherings

Walking Visiting Zoos and Parks Attend Outdoor Events Visiting a Beach

Outdoor Games/Sports Driving for Pleasure Walking Viewing and Photographing

Sightseeing Sightseeing Camping in Developed Sites Day Hiking and Backpacking

Picnicking Attend Outdoor Events Canoeing or Kayaking Attend Outdoor Events

Fishing Fishing Swimming in Natural Waters Camping in Developed Sites

Bicycling Bicycling Picnicking Canoeing or Kayaking

Attend Outdoor Events Sightseeing Swimming in Natural Waters

Boating Driving for Pleasure Picnicking

Nature Walks Bicycling Sightseeing

Hunting Bicycling

Most Popular summertime outdoor Recreation Activities–in order (as reported by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC))


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The single most popular activity in the United States is walking outdoors (82.3%). Data and trend analysis in the next section was obtained from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (a federal survey of American’s outdoor recreation activities). The NSRE is conducted by the Forest Service Research Group in Athens, Georgia (partnering with University of Georgia and University of Tennessee). The Athens research group in Athens, Georgia has been collecting and producing reports about recreation activities, environmental attitudes, and natural resource values of Americans since the 1980’s. The most recent rounds of NSRE surveying were conducted between the Summer of 2005 and the Spring of 2008. The surveys are all statistically related, which allows for trend analysis.

outdoor recreatIon (60 actIvItIes)

general trends—current

The NSRE statistics have found that, between 2000 and 2007, the total number of people who participate in outdoor recreation and the numbers of days which they participate in those activities have resulted in disproportional, positive trends. Both, the number of participants and the number of days of participation have increased with number of days of participation increasing at a greater rate, 4.4% and 25% respectively. For the 60 activities categorized, Per Capita days of participation increased by almost 16% overall.

nature based recreatIon (50 actIvItIes)

general trends—current

As positive and supportive as the trends in overall outdoor recreation are for the PKP project, the trends specific to NBOR are even more compelling. The trends in number of participants and number of days of participation carry the same positive, disproportional correlations as found in the general outdoor recreation study. Both, the number of participants and the number

of days of participation have increased with number of days of participation increasing at a greater rate, 3.1% and 32% respectively. For the 50 activities categorized, Per Capita days of participation increased by almost 22% overall.

The general observation to be taken from this data: more people are enjoying the outdoors…and enjoying it more often.

fastest groWIng actIvItIes (17)

The fastest growing activities (NBOR) are those with participation growing by more than 10%

• Of the top 17, six(6) involve viewing, photographing or otherwise observing elements of nature. The growth in viewing and photography has been most rapid, at about 78% and 60%, respectively. Four(4) of the top five(5) activities are viewing, photographing and observing nature related.

• Three(3) water-oriented activities made the top 17 overall. These are kayaking/canoeing, visiting water areas or shores other than ocean beaches, and visiting ocean beaches.

• Four(4) physically challenging activities made the top 17. These are rock climbing, backpacking, snowboarding, and climbing activities.

This research suggests that American’s interest in nature and nature-based recreation, though changing, is not declining; rather, it is strong and growing. PKP finds all of the trends referenced above to be highly supportive of the proposed projects with a majority of these activities being possible in different facets of the plan.

addItIonal nsre trends In amerIcan’s

partIcIpatIon In outdoor recreatIon

The NSRE conducted a study of 57,868 people across the United States. Across all people 16 years and older, they estimate that a staggering 97.6% participate in some type of outdoor recreation.

the most popular types by number of participants (in percent):

Individual Trail/Street/Road Activities 88.3%

Traditional Social Activities 80.6%

Viewing and Photographing Activities 73.9%

Viewing and Learning Activities 67.3%

Driving for Pleasure Activities 61.5%

Swimming Activities 61.3%

the five most popular by percent of participation:

Walking 82.3%

Family Gathering 73.8%

Viewing Natural Scenery 59.5%

Visiting a Nature (Visitor) Center/Trail/Zoo 56.6%

Picnicking 54.6%


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land Based Activities: Activities that occur primarily on land, rather than water or snow or ice, constitute the largest category of outdoor recreation participation in the country (trail/street/road activities, team sport activities, backpacking, and camping activities, viewing and learning activities, hunting, viewing and photographing wildlife, driving for pleasure, sightseeing).

Also important to note—learning about nature, the natural environment, our culture and history is a significant reason for outdoor recreation in America, as participation evidenced by participation estimates.

Water Based Activities Activities that occur on the water. Boating and floating, fishing, and swimming are included in this category.

The most popular boating activity is motor boating. 24.3% of the population, age 16 and older, participates in this activity. Although relatively new, compared to the other categories, jet skiing has risen in popularity as well. Muscle-powered boating and fishing activities (canoeing/kayaking, rowing, rafting and floating) have also realized significant participation and positive trends.

comment on nsre study

Data for a portion of the previous section was taken from the fifth NSRE report to be produced. As noted in that report, “this report reflects and confirms the same findings as the first four reports, that outdoor recreation is still a basic part of the American lifestyle. As a matter of lifestyle, traditional land, water, snow and ice settings are still very much in demand as places for casual activities such as walking, picnicking, family gatherings, sightseeing, and visiting nature centers or nature trails.”

sportIng goods manufacturers

assocIatIon study

In 2004, the SGMA commissioned American Sports Data, Inc. to conduct a study to determine what sports and fitness activities American households participate in during the year. All data reflects people age six to adult.

The following data represents the ranking of the six (6) most popular sport and fitness activities by number of participants:

Swimming (recreational) 96 million

Walking (recreational) 88 million

Bicycling (recreational) 53 million

Fishing 52 million

Day Hiking 39 million

Fitness Walking 37 million

The following data represents the ranking of the six (6) most popular sport and fitness activities by percentage increase from 1987:

Mountain Biking 359%

Inline Skating 310%

Paintball 66%

Fitness Walking 40%

Wall Climbing 20%

Walking (Recreational) 10%

allegrIppIs case study—

economIc Impact projectIons

• The trail will make Raystown Lake a year-round destination by expanding the lake’s recreation season from the summer months only to the other three seasons.

• We expect to attract an additional 9,800 visitors each year.• 77% will be day trippers• 23% will be multiple day guests

• The additional visitors are expected to bring an additional $1,254,188 per year to Huntingdon County.

• Day Trippers are expected to spend an average of $98.00 per trip including:

• $29 on food & drinks• $38 on transportation• $14 on recreation and entertainment• $17 on souvenirs

• Overnight Guests are expected to spend an average of $227 per trip including

• $55 on food & drinks• $57 on transportation• $19 on recreation and entertainment• $17 on souvenirs• $79 on lodging

Source: IMPLAN Economic modeling based on data collected by the Outdoor Industry Foundation and Allegheny Great Passage Economic Impact Study

mountain bicycling specific


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mountaIn bIcyclIng- general economIc Impact facts

• One(1) in five(5) Americans, 16 years and older, mountain bike.• Like camping and fishing, cycling is an activity that

strongly affects a child’s decision to become active in outdoor recreation.

• There are 50 million mountain bikers in America, 1 1/3 times the population of Canada.

• Sports/Adventure tourism is the fastest growing sector in the tourism industry and mountain biking is one of the topped ranked adventure activities.

• Source: 2008 Economic Benefits of Mountain Biking Commissioned by Shimano & IMBA.

• More Americans owe their job to bicycle based recreation than there are people employed as lawyers.

• The Middle Atlantic Bicycling Recreation Economy including New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania:

• Contributes $4.8 billion to the regional economy annually

• Supports 44,000 jobs• Generates more than $623 million in annual

sales and federal tax revenue• Produces nearly $3.8 billion annually in retail

sales and services• Generates $677 million in bicycling

gear and services sales:• $3.1 billion in bicycling trip related expenses.• More than 8 million bicyclists or 26% of the

adult population

Source: The Active Outdoor Recreation Economy produced by Outdoor Industry Foundation 2006.

profIle of a mountaIn bIker

• 86% are male• 69% are between the ages of 20 and 39 years old• 50% have household incomes of $75,000+• 35% are married with children• 31% are married without children• 34% are single• 50% consider themselves advanced or intermediate riders• 70% have post secondary degrees• 33% belong to a bicycle club• 60% own a bike that is valued between $1,000 and $3,000• 41% stay overnight when they travel to mountain bike• 59% are day trippers

Sources: Travel Patterns of Destination Mountain Bikers 2003 Michigan Mountain Bike Association/Central Michigan University 2001-2002 Universty of Wisconsin Mountina Bike Study 1999

Focusing on the Northwest Pennsylvania region and applying these national trends provides encouraging numbers of potential visitors to the PKP recommendations and the area as a whole. While we are highly confident that this will attract visitors from all over the United States, the potential use from “locals” alone would warrant implementation.

total Population as of 2007 NW PA Region 718,287 Erie County 279,092 Mercer County 116,809 Lawrence County 90,991 Crawford County 88,663 Venango County 54,763 Warren County 40,986 Clarion County 40,028 Forest County 6,955 Region as a % of PA: 5.8%

Assuming the national trends are credible and viable figures to use for statistical analysis, which we do, then 701,048 (97.6%) (people) are participating in outdoor activities. It is key to note that there are millions more people within 5-10 hours drive of the Allegheny National Forest. The potential use of and access to these resources by people, already participating in outdoor activities, is exponential, encouraging, and statistically relevant in the analysis and determination of implementation of these projects.

Other, less enthusiastic, local trends add support to the potential for use of the ANF and the PKP proposals. All of the following indicate that people will look for cheaper, closer and more accessible forms of entertainment:

• Warren Real Income Per Capita has been declining over the past decade*

• Poverty rates have been increasing over the past decade* • Population is aging*• Unemployment has been increasing*

*Economic Research Institute of Erie

local statistics


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PKP SurveysDuring the awareness phase of the project, the PKP team conducted two key focus group presentations: General Public and Elected Officials. Questionnaires were used to gauge interest and obtain feedback. Questions were evaluated on a Lickert Scale ranging from 1 to 5 (5 representing highest/best). The following information was derived from the responses to the survey:general publIc

1) Goal of Project was Clearly Stated 1 2 3 4 5 4.56 Average

2) Project Would Benefit Warren County 1 2 3 4 5 4.68 Average

3) Project is Feasible 1 2 3 4 5 3.48 Average

4) Project Should be Initiated 1 2 3 4 5 4.20 Average

elected offIcIals

1) Goal of Project was Clearly Stated 1 2 3 4 5 4.94 Average

2) Project Would Benefit Warren County 1 2 3 4 5 4.44 Average

3) Execution of Project is Feasible 1 2 3 4 5 3.67 Average

4) Project should be Initiated 1 2 3 4 5 4.33 Average

5) Financial Support of Project is Feasible 1 2 3 4 5 3.22 Average

Based upon a presentation by the Allegheny National Forest Vacation Bureau that we attended, there is statistical and empirical evidence that clearly indicate that three main outside activities (boating/water recreation, hiking/biking and motorized trail) represent over 80% of the nature based activities of the people surveyed from outside this area. Their sanctioned study also indicates that over 55% of this same group participates in educational, group/motor coach and heritage/cultural activities.

Their $40,000 study also included other statistical data which focuses specifically on the potential tourism trends for this area as impacted by participation of those outside of the region. Unfortunately, PKP was unable to include additional results from the Allegheny National Forest Vacation Bureau survey due to their “cost and proprietary nature.”

As part of our formal recommendations, we believe that the Allegheny National Forest management team should review the results of this survey with the ANF Vacation Bureau.

summary of statIstIcal data

and Inferences

While the majority of the data presented represents national participation rates and percentage movements, PKP and experts agree that “trends in the participation rates for recreational activities across the United States affect what people in your local area do and desire to do because people come from and visit other places, and watch and read national media. The national and state trends supplement locally generated participation data.” These data sources, statistics and trends provide insight into the popularity trends that may mirror Warren’s (and surrounding area) or predict trends that may affect these areas in the near future. National and state trends and information may lead to changes in the types of facilities and programs that Warren and the surrounding communities offer and the opportunities for use of the Allegheny National Forest.

These trends support all facets of the PKP recommendations.


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closing statement

Dreams are limited only by the boundaries of people’s imagination. We believe there are

no boundaries for the possibilities and the experience that the Allegheny National Forest,

and specifically the area surrounding the Allegheny Reservoir, can offer.

Imagine with us a reservoir area with an extensive, unique trail system – one that

not only connects visitors to nature, but also to the people and events that went before

them, to the history that shaped this beautiful corner of the Allegheny National Forest.

Imagine the outdoor enthusiasts, people of all skill levels and walks of life, who will

return year after year to enjoy this gem and be inspired to take care of it and share it

with others. Imagine the invaluable lessons of life, nature, history, and stewardship to

be learned generation after generation. Imagine the powerful legacy that will remain

long after we are gone and the collective pride generated by the result of citizens and

government working together for a common goal – a better future. Imagine, finally, an

Allegheny National Forest where visitors from near and far can spend hours, days, and

even weeks interacting with nature and building stronger bonds while being enriched by

the Pennsylvania Kinzua Pathways experience.

Joe Colosimo

814.728.7062

[email protected]

ines nelson

814.688.9336

[email protected]

Coralee Wenzel

814.723.8450

[email protected]

Documents

PKP findings report